CN113967711A - Hot processing method of two-phase titanium alloy bar - Google Patents
Hot processing method of two-phase titanium alloy bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113967711A CN113967711A CN202111230992.3A CN202111230992A CN113967711A CN 113967711 A CN113967711 A CN 113967711A CN 202111230992 A CN202111230992 A CN 202111230992A CN 113967711 A CN113967711 A CN 113967711A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hot working method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar, which comprises the steps of forging a titanium alloy ingot in a beta phase region; carrying out alpha + beta phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot after the beta phase region forging to obtain a forged bar blank; carrying out precision forging on the forged bar blank to obtain a precision forged bar blank; rolling the precision forging bar billet to obtain a two-phase titanium alloy bar; according to the invention, by adopting the process route of forging → fine forging → rolling, the blank can be respectively processed and crushed by the center part → the edge part → the center part, so that the grain size difference between the edge part and the center part can be eliminated, and the bar with better tissue consistency can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hot processing of titanium alloy bars, and particularly relates to a hot processing method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar.
Background
Titanium and titanium alloy have higher specific strength, good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, excellent biocompatibility and excellent high-temperature creep resistance, and become important structural materials in the fields of aerospace, weapon industry and biomedical use.
Titanium and titanium alloy bars are used as important branches of titanium sectional materials, are often used for manufacturing frame structures of airplanes, moving parts of airplane engines and propellers, fracture fixing bolts in the medical field and the like, and have high strength and high temperature performance.
For titanium alloy plates with medium specifications, the diameter is usually between phi 20mm and phi 40mm, the traditional hot working process flow is forging and rolling, according to the stress characteristics of the forging and rolling process, the positive pressure is always the largest at the center and smaller at the edges of the material, so that when the bar is produced by using the hot forming process of forging and rolling, the deformation of the center and the edges is inconsistent, the grain size of the section of the bar is different, and the uniformity of the structure is poor.
Therefore, the problem of uneven structure of the bar can be partially solved by adopting a mode of continuously upsetting for multiple fire times, usually seven fire times or even more, but the processing cycle for multiple fire times is long and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hot processing method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar, which is used for improving the structural consistency of the bar and reducing the grain size difference between the edge and the center of the bar.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a hot working method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar comprises the following steps:
carrying out beta-phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot; wherein the forging heating temperature is 60-160 ℃ above the phase transition point;
carrying out alpha + beta phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot after the beta phase region forging to obtain a forged bar blank; wherein the forging heating temperature is 30-70 ℃ below the phase transition point;
performing radial forging on the forged bar blank to obtain a radial forged bar blank; the precision forging heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point;
rolling the radial forging bar blank to obtain a two-phase titanium alloy bar; the rolling heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point.
Further, the total forging ratio of the forging single-fire times is 4.0-5.0.
Furthermore, the number of times of single-fire upsetting in forging is 2-3, and the forging ratio of single-fire upsetting is 1.5-2.0.
Furthermore, the radial forging single-fire deformation amount is 55-65%.
Furthermore, the deformation of the rolled single-fire-number is 70-80%.
Furthermore, the rolling single-pass deformation is 15-20%.
Further, air cooling and repairing are sequentially performed after forging and after finish forging.
Furthermore, the diameter of the two-phase titanium alloy bar is phi 20-40 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by adopting the process route of forging → radial forging → rolling, the blank can be respectively processed and crushed by the center part → the edge part → the center part, so that the grain size difference between the edge part and the center part can be eliminated, and the bar with better tissue consistency can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the edge (a) and the core (b) of a titanium alloy bar obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the edge (a) and the core (b) of a titanium alloy bar obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the side portion (a) and the core portion (b) of a titanium alloy bar obtained in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a hot processing method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar, which is suitable for the two-phase titanium alloy bar with the diameter phi of 20-40 mm, and comprises the following steps:
carrying out beta-phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot; wherein the forging heating temperature is 60-160 ℃ above the transformation point. When the material is in a beta phase region, the deformation resistance is small, and the material can realize large deformation relatively quickly.
Carrying out alpha + beta phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot after the beta phase region forging to obtain a forged bar blank; wherein the forging heating temperature is 30-70 ℃ below the transformation point. In the temperature range, the forging can realize the full recrystallization of the material, and the purpose of fully crushing and refining grains is achieved.
In the invention, the phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy can be detected by adopting a metallographic method, and products in different batches can slightly change the phase transition point due to the fluctuation of components.
In the invention, the total forging ratio of the forging single-fire times is 4.0-5.0. Specifically, the number of times of single-fire upsetting is 2-3, and the forging ratio of single-fire upsetting is 1.5-2.0. In the method, the forging and processing fire frequency can be reduced according to the actual condition of the material, and the production efficiency is improved;
then, radial forging is carried out on the forged bar blank by using a radial forging machine to obtain a radial forged bar blank; the radial forging heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point. Specifically, the radial forging single-fire deformation amount is 55-65%. In the radial forging process, lateral pressure is mainly applied to the edge of the bar, and a forging deformation dead zone of the edge in a upsetting mode can be processed, so that the difference of the edge and core structures can be eliminated, and the structure consistency can be improved.
In the above-mentioned technological steps, after forging and after radial forging, air cooling and repairing are successively conducted.
Finally, rolling the radial forging bar stock to obtain a two-phase titanium alloy bar; the rolling heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point. Preferably, the deformation of the rolled single-fire is 70-80%. The rolling single-pass deformation is 15-20%. The single-heat-time rolling deformation is large, the processing efficiency is high, and medium-specification bars with fine grains and consistent tissues can be more efficiently prepared by introducing the rolling procedure.
According to the invention, by adopting the process route of forging → radial forging → rolling, the blank can be respectively processed and crushed by the center part → the edge part → the center part, so that the grain size difference between the edge part and the center part can be eliminated, and the bar with better tissue consistency can be obtained.
In the invention, the introduction of the radial forging process can crush the edge deformation dead zone which cannot be completely forged in the traditional processing process, and is beneficial to eliminating the structural difference between the edge and the center of the material. The bar prepared by the method has fine structure, better consistency, grade difference of edge and core grain size grades less than or equal to 1 grade, and good comprehensive mechanical property. In addition, the method reduces the forging and drawing processing fire number and improves the production efficiency.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the cast ingot with the diameter of 620mm is used as the raw material to prepare the TC6 alloy bar with the diameter of 40mm, and the processing method is as follows:
step 1: respectively forging the cast ingot with the diameter of 620mm for 2 times at the temperature of 80 ℃ and 160 ℃ above the transformation point of a beta phase region, and respectively forging the cast ingot for 2 times at the temperature of 30 ℃ below the transformation point of the alpha + beta phase region to obtain a phi 240mm bar blank. Wherein the single-fire upsetting times of the beta phase region is 3 times, the single-fire upsetting times of the alpha + beta phase region is 2 times, the single-fire forging-forging ratio is 1.5-1.7, the single-fire total forging ratio is 4.2, and air cooling and repairing are carried out after forging.
Step 2: and (3) radially forging the forged bar blank at 50 ℃ below the transformation point and at 70 ℃ for 2 times to obtain a bar blank with the diameter of 100mm, wherein the deformation of the bar blank is 56% in a radial forging single-time heating mode, and air cooling and repairing damage are carried out after forging.
And step 3: rolling the bar billet with the diameter of phi 100mm prepared by the radial forging in the step 2 for 2 times at 50 ℃ below a phase transformation point to obtain a bar material with the specification of phi 40mm, wherein the deformation of the rolling pass is 18 percent, the deformation of the single-fire pass is 75 percent, and air cooling and downward breaking are carried out after rolling.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the cast ingot with the diameter of 620mm is used as the raw material to prepare the TC11 alloy bar with the diameter of 30mm, and the processing method is as follows:
step 1: and (2) forging the cast ingot with the diameter phi of 620mm in beta phase regions with the temperature of 150 ℃ above the transformation point and the temperature of 60 ℃ and in alpha + beta phase regions with the temperature of 50 ℃ below the transformation point sequentially to obtain a phi 220mm bar blank, wherein each phase region is forged for 2 times, the beta phase region is subjected to single-fire upsetting for 3 times, the alpha + beta phase region is subjected to single-fire upsetting for 2 times, the single-fire upsetting for 2 times is carried out in a single-fire upsetting forging ratio of 1.6-2.0, the single-fire total forging ratio of 4.8, and air cooling and repairing are carried out after forging.
Step 2: and (3) radially forging the forged bar blank at 50 ℃ and 65 ℃ below the phase transformation point for 2 times to obtain a bar blank with the diameter of 90mm, wherein the deformation of the radial forging single-time heating is 65%, air cooling is performed after forging, and the damage is repaired.
And step 3: rolling the phi 90mm bar blank prepared by the diameter forging in the step 2 at 60 ℃ below a phase change point for 2 times to obtain a bar material with the specification of phi 30mm, wherein the rolling pass deformation is 15%, the single-fire deformation is 70%, and air cooling and downward breaking are carried out after rolling.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the method for preparing the TC4 alloy bar with the diameter of 20mm by using the ingot with the diameter of 680mm as the raw material comprises the following steps:
step 1: sequentially forging an ingot with the diameter of 680mm in a beta phase region with the temperature of 160 ℃ above a transformation point and 60 ℃ and an alpha + beta phase region with the temperature of 70 ℃ below the transformation point to obtain a bar blank with the diameter of 220mm, wherein each phase region is forged for 2 times, the single-fire upsetting time of the beta phase region is 3 times, the single-fire upsetting time of the alpha + beta phase region is 2 times, the single-fire upsetting forging ratio of 1.5-2.0 and the single-fire total forging ratio of 5.0, and air cooling and repairing the bar blank after forging;
step 2: and (3) radially forging the forged bar blank at the temperature of below 70 ℃ for 2 times to obtain a bar blank with the diameter of 90mm, wherein the deformation of the bar blank is 63% in a single radial forging and heating process, and air cooling and repairing damage are carried out after forging.
And step 3: rolling the phi 90mm bar blank prepared by the diameter forging in the step 3 at 30 ℃ below a phase change point for 2 times to obtain a bar with the specification of phi 20mm, wherein the rolling pass deformation is 20%, the single-fire deformation is 80%, and air cooling and downward breaking are performed after rolling.
After the TC6, TC11 and TC4 titanium alloy bars processed in examples 1 to 3 are annealed, the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy bars are detected, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
From table 1, the two-phase titanium alloy bar prepared by the method has good performance consistency, the difference between the room-temperature tensile strength and the yield strength of the edge and the core is not more than 10MPa, the difference between the elongation-level reduction of area is not more than 2%, the detection value is generally superior to the GJB 2218.A requirement value, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the bar are good.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method can fully crush the original structure, the consistency of the edge and core structures is better, and the grain size rating difference is less than or equal to 1. As can be seen from the comparison of the structure and mechanical property analysis of the bars prepared in the above examples 1-3, the method can be used for preparing the two-phase phi 20-40 mm titanium alloy bar with standard performance and consistent structure.
Claims (8)
1. A hot working method of a two-phase titanium alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out beta-phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot; wherein the forging heating temperature is 60-160 ℃ above the phase transition point;
carrying out alpha + beta phase region forging on the titanium alloy ingot after the beta phase region forging to obtain a forged bar blank; wherein the forging heating temperature is 30-70 ℃ below the phase transition point;
carrying out radial forging on the forged bar stock to obtain a radial forged bar stock; the radial forging heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point;
rolling the radial forging bar blank to obtain a two-phase titanium alloy bar; the rolling heating temperature is 50-70 ℃ below the transformation point.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forging has a total forging ratio of 4.0 to 5.0 per one heat.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the forging is performed for 2 to 3 single-fire passes with a single-pass upsetting ratio of 1.5 to 2.0.
4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the radial forging single-pass deformation is 55-65%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rolling single pass deformation is 70-80%.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the rolling single pass deformation is 15-20%.
7. The method of hot working a two-phase titanium alloy bar according to claim 2, 3, 5 or 6, wherein air cooling and trimming are sequentially performed after the forging and after the radial forging.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the diameter of the two-phase titanium alloy bar is 20 to 40 mm.
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