CN113967533A

CN113967533A - Round table type efficient dry magnetic separation device

Info

Publication number: CN113967533A
Application number: CN202010711638.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李旭东; 王毓华; 王佳丽
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-07-22
Filing date: 2020-07-22
Publication date: 2022-01-25

Abstract

The invention relates to magnetic separation equipment and discloses a circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device which comprises a magnetic system, a rotating magnetic medium, a magnetic yoke, a fluidization device and a support. The space between the rotating magnetic medium and the fluidizing device is a separation domain, the magnetic system is a fixed magnetic system and is positioned on the outer side of the rotating magnetic medium, and the magnetic yoke is wrapped on the outer side of the magnetic system. The upper side of the sorting domain is provided with a feeding port, and the lower side is provided with a concentrate bin, a middle bin and a tail bin. The inner side of the rotating magnetic medium is provided with a protrusion made of magnetic conductive material for inducing a high gradient magnetic field. The fluidization device is externally connected with special auxiliary equipment to fluidize the materials in the separation area. According to the invention, through introducing a vibration force field or strengthening an air fluid force field, materials are fluidized, the material separation environment is improved, and through improving the magnetic system structure and the magnetic medium structure, the materials can be continuously adsorbed, desorbed and adsorbed on the basis of magnetic overturning in the separation process, so that the magnetic separation effect on fine materials is further improved.

Description

Round table type efficient dry magnetic separation device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic separation equipment, and particularly relates to a circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device.

Background

The magnetic separation is divided into a dry type and a wet type, analysis is carried out according to the flow field specificity, and the wet type and the dry type magnetic separation respectively occur in water and an air medium. The water has higher density relative to the air, so that the fluid resistance and the lifting force of the particles in the water are higher, and the conglomerates among the particles are easier to be degraded and dispersed; water has a greater molecular polarity with respect to air, so the influence of electrostatic and van der waals forces between fine particles is substantially negligible; in addition, the influence of liquid bridge force does not need to be considered between particles which are fully soaked in water. Therefore, although dry magnetic separation has been the preferred method of handling coarse materials, wet magnetic separation efficiency is much higher than dry magnetic separation for fine materials. Reviewing the development process of the magnetic separator since the second world industrial revolution, the early magnetic separation equipment is dry, the magnetic separation equipment is gradually developed to be mainly wet due to the natural medium advantages of wet magnetic separation, and particularly after the invention of the high-gradient magnetic separator is applied, the dry magnetic separator has less and less chances to appear in the field of fine material magnetic separation. In the existing dry magnetic separation equipment, the phenomena of serious non-magnetic particle inclusion and poor separation effect caused by magnetic particle magnetization agglomeration generally exist. How to realize the loosening of materials in the separation process, reduce the inclusion of magnetic agglomeration and effectively recover magnetic materials is a problem to be solved for developing dry magnetic separation equipment (particularly for fine-grained materials). In order to increase the efficiency of dry magnetic separation of fine-grained materials, it is a common practice to disrupt particle agglomeration by introducing a vibratory force field or (and) an intensified air-fluid force field. In the last 70 th century, coal desulfurization was successfully carried out by dry high-gradient magnetic separation for the first time in American Auburn university and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) through an innovative feeding mode, and the traditional gravity feeding has extremely poor separation effect on fine-grained materials; the separation index is greatly improved by carrying ore through airflow; and the separation index obtains a result comparable to that of a wet high-gradient magnetic separator by circulating air to fluidize and feed. Chinese patent publication No. CN102641780B discloses a magnetic roller similar to a dry fluidized bed, in which gravity feeding above the roller is changed into uniform air distribution below the roller, and the material is fluidized by wind power. The method can improve the dry separation efficiency mainly due to the fluidized ore feeding mode. EP0729789a1 discloses a method for diffusing the feed air from the inside to the outside of the drum, which can form a composite force field on the drum surface, in which the wind force, gravity, centrifugal force and magnetic force compete, and which promotes a great increase in the separation efficiency. The material can be fluidized to a certain degree, the dispersion between the magnetic particles and the non-magnetic particles is effectively promoted, the stress difference of the separation of the magnetic particles and the non-magnetic particles can be further enlarged, the separation efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the magnetic overturning of the particles on the separation path can further break up the agglomerated material and strengthen the action of airflow. The chinese patent publication No. CN104959226A proposes a design method of a non-magnetic permeable screen roller, which has better material durability, but fails to explain the design of a rotating air cavity well, and the direction of an internal air duct is unreasonable, so that the problem that the material enters the magnetic system through a through hole cannot be solved. The Chinese patent with publication number CN105772219A further provides a design method for air supply of the rotary roller, which isolates the air supply pipeline from the magnetic system and also solves the problem that the material enters the magnetic system. Chinese patent publication No. CN1799701A discloses a dry vibration high gradient magnetic separator, which transfers vibration energy to particle agglomerates through a vibration magnetic medium to promote the disintegration of the magnetic agglomerates and improve the separation efficiency. The Chinese patent with publication number CN105057094A discloses a continuous vibration bed type magnetic separator, which promotes the loosening and separation of materials by the reciprocating asymmetric motion of a bed layer. It can be said that the combination of strong air flow and/or vibration with dry magnetic separation is an effective means for improving the separation efficiency of dry magnetic separation. The magnetic separation equipment developers also do considerable work in coupling the strong airflow field and the vibration field, and the research direction has become the key field for the development of the dry magnetic separation equipment. In order to improve the speed of material processing, modern magnetic separators are mostly in a separation mode of continuous operation, wherein in continuous magnetic separation equipment of an open type magnetic system, a cylinder and a drum type magnetic separator are still mainstream models, but some equipment structures capable of realizing continuous operation are provided, such as a reciprocating type, a ring type, a circular table type and the like. U.S. Pat. No. US1024045A discloses a vertical round table type centrifugal magnetic separator, in the magnetic field action domain, magnetic media adsorb magnetic particles, and nonmagnetic particles naturally slide into a tailing tank by gravity; when the magnetic medium is separated from the magnetic field, the magnetic particles are desorbed, thereby completing the separation. The design method is later improved and upgraded by a plurality of magnetic separation equipment developers, for example, a rotary frustum type magnetic separator designed by Chinese patent with the publication number of CN102179296A, a magnetic system is arranged in a cone body, the outer ring surface of the cone body is used as a separation surface, magnetic particles are adsorbed on the separation surface in a magnetic field action area, nonmagnetic particles are thrown away from the separation area under the action of gravity and centrifugal force to form tailings, and the magnetic particles fall off and flow into a concentrate tank after the magnetic system action area is separated. The umbrella-shaped dry magnetic separator designed by the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN202290283U also adopts the same principle design, only the separation area is finely divided, and the separation of each area is relatively independent. The tower magnetic separator designed by the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN207546748U is also based on the same principle, and only a method for adjusting the magnetic field intensity is defined. In general, these designs are all round table designs, developed for dry magnetic separation, but without specifying the material fraction to be processed. If the materials are coarse fraction materials, the designs can reach the standard, and if the materials are fine fraction materials or fine fraction materials, the designs are a one-step sorting process and cannot effectively treat agglomeration among the fine fraction materials, so that a good sorting effect cannot be obtained.

Aiming at the practical production situation of magnetic separation, in order to improve the magnetic separation efficiency of fine materials, the magnetic separation method can be started from a plurality of angles, firstly, the most common method is adopted, NS magnetic poles are alternately arranged to realize the magnetic overturning of the materials, and the non-magnetic (weak magnetic) materials wrapped by clusters are desorbed; secondly, the materials are loosened during sorting by utilizing vibration force or fluid force, so that a good environment is created for sorting, and the possibility of impurities is reduced; finally, the material can continuously go through the processes of adsorption-desorption-adsorption by periodically changing the magnetic field force of the separation domain, thereby realizing the impurity removal effect of a small amount of materials for many times. Based on the foregoing analysis, for fine materials, in order to achieve good separation effect of such a circular table type dry magnetic separation device, it is necessary to cooperate with the strong air flow or (and) vibration, and at the same time, the periodic magnetic force change can be combined to further improve the separation effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device; the circular truncated cone type magnetic separation device can further improve the separation effect of the circular truncated cone type magnetic separation device on fine-grained materials, so that the application of dry type magnetic separation is greatly expanded.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device comprises a magnetic system, a rotating magnetic medium, a fluidization device and a bracket; the magnetic system is an external magnetic system which is circumferentially arranged, a hollow circular table type rotating magnetic medium is arranged on the inner side surface of the magnetic system, a material fluidization device is correspondingly installed on the inner side surface of the magnetic medium, a space between the outer side surface of the fluidization device and the inner side surface of the magnetic medium constitutes a separation domain, a feeding hole is formed in the upper side of the separation domain, and a fine material bin, a middle material bin and a tail material bin are formed in the lower side of the separation domain.

The inner side of the rotating magnetic medium is provided with a protrusion made of magnetic conductive material for inducing a high gradient magnetic field; the fluidization device is externally connected with auxiliary equipment for fluidizing the materials in the separation area.

The sorting domain is constituted by a space between an outer surface of the fluidizing means and an inner surface of the magnetic medium. A fine material bin, a middle material bin and a tail material bin are arranged below the sorting domain. The non-magnetic (weak magnetic) materials which are not captured by the magnetic medium move downwards along the outer surface of the fluidization device to enter the tail stock bin, the magnetic materials captured by the magnetic medium finally leave the magnetic field range along with the magnetic medium in the process of adsorption, desorption and adsorption, and the desorbed magnetic particles have the tendency of continuously moving forwards along the rotation direction of the magnetic medium due to the action of inertial centrifugal force, so that a baffle plate needs to be arranged in a region which is separated from the action of a magnetic system (more specifically, the outer surface of the fluidization device) to isolate the materials and forcibly complete the sorting process.

Further, the magnetic system can be arranged into a single series of magnetic system arrangement based on the size of the circular table of the equipment and the material processing reality, namely, the sorting operation is formed by 360 degrees in the circumferential direction; it is also possible to provide a plurality of series of magnetic arrangements independent of each other, i.e. a circumferential 360 ° split into n units, each occupying a circumferential angle of 360 °/n.

Furthermore, the magnetic system is fixed and can be set as a permanent magnetic system or an electromagnetic magnetic system; in order to realize the desorption of the magnetic materials, when the magnetic system is arranged in a single series, the magnetic wrap angle is less than 360 degrees, and when the magnetic system is arranged in a plurality of series, the magnetic wrap angle is less than 360 degrees/n.

Furthermore, the magnetic system can be set to be an external magnetic open type magnetic system, and the magnetic poles can be set to be alternately arranged in an N-S pole mode, so that the magnetic overturning effect in the process that the magnetic material moves along with the magnetic medium is achieved.

Furthermore, the magnetic poles of the magnetic system can also be arranged to be full N poles or full S poles, and the magnetic attraction area above the magnetic poles and the magnetic repulsion area in a certain area above the adjacent magnetic poles are alternately distributed to realize the adsorption-desorption of the magnetic materials in the process of moving along with the magnetic medium.

Further, the magnetic poles in the magnetic system are arranged in a close arrangement mode of the conventional magnetic system; or arranged in a spaced independent island arrangement mode, so that the magnetic field force in the sorting domain generates obvious fluctuation change, and the materials can be continuously adsorbed and desorbed.

Furthermore, the magnetic system can adopt magnetic poles which are arranged along the direction of the generatrix of the circular truncated cone in a double-layer or multi-layer subsection interval mode.

Further, the outer side of the magnetic system is provided with a wrapped magnetic yoke to press the magnetic lines of force into the separation region.

Because the adsorption-desorption path of the magnetic materials on the surface of the magnetic medium does not completely cover the side surface of the circular truncated cone, the magnetic system does not need to cover the whole side surface of the circular truncated cone, but consists of a plurality of segmented magnetic systems and only covers the sorting path of the magnetic materials.

Furthermore, the magnetic field force near the feed port is adjusted to be strongest, and the magnetic field force provided by the magnetic system is gradually reduced along with the rotation direction of the magnetic medium, so that various products such as concentrate, medium material, tailing and the like are obtained by matching with the traditional mineral separation idea of 'throwing and early throwing'.

The rotating magnetic medium and the fluidizing device are both in a circular truncated cone-shaped annular structure, an inclination angle exists between the side surfaces of the rotating magnetic medium and the fluidizing device and the ground, the inclination angle of the side surface of the rotating magnetic medium is equal to or smaller than the inclination angle of the fluidizing device, and the inclination angle of the fluidizing device is larger than the stacking angle of materials.

Furthermore, the rotating magnetic medium consists of two parts, wherein one part is a circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate, and the other part is a protrusion on the inner side of the circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate, so as to obtain an induced magnetic field with relatively high gradient; the circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate can be made of magnetic conduction or non-magnetic conduction materials, and the protrusions on the inner side of the rotating magnetic medium are made of high magnetic conduction materials; the rotating magnetic medium is integrally made of a material with high magnetic permeability and low coercive force, or the circular truncated cone part is made of a non-magnetic conductive material, and the protruding part is made of a material with high magnetic permeability and low coercive force, so that the energy consumption during rotation is reduced and the magnetism is better gathered.

Further, in order to avoid overlong magnetic chains or overlarge magnetic clusters generated in the process of sorting ferromagnetic materials, the geometrical size and the geometrical shape of the protrusions of the magnetic medium are matched relatively; specifically, the protrusions on the inner side surface of the magnetic medium can be long strips arranged at intervals along the generatrix on the inner side surface of the circular truncated cone; or a series of circular rings parallel to the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone; the spiral line strip can also be arranged along the inner side surface of the circular truncated cone; or the protrusions can be arranged into block-shaped or needle-shaped protrusions which are arranged regularly or randomly. The protrusions of the rotating magnetic medium may be circular ring type, elongated type, spiral type, block type, needle type, etc., and the cross-sectional shape thereof may be triangular, parallelogram, trapezoid, semicircle, semi-ellipse, or other shapes, etc.

Further, the interlayer thickness of a sorting domain between the fluidization device and the magnetic rotating medium is actually 5mm-100mm based on material sorting; the length of the circular truncated cone bus of the fluidizing device is different based on material sorting practice and equipment scale.

The fluidizing device is a round table opposite to the inner side surface of the magnetic medium, and the feeding device feeds materials to the outer side surface of the fluidizing device. The fluidising apparatus can take a number of different configurations; the scheme of independently intervening a vibration force field or strengthening a fluid force field can be adopted, wherein the scheme comprises a vibration fluidization round table which is independently connected with a vibration motor, a strong airflow fluidization round table which is independently connected with an air supply device, and a strong airflow fluidization device which is not connected with the air supply device but continuously supplies air upwards at the lower side of a sorting domain; the scheme of coordinating the action of the vibration force field and the strengthening fluid force field can also be adopted, namely the vibration fluidization round table is arranged while the air supply device is not connected but the air is continuously supplied upwards at the lower side of the sorting domain.

For example, the fluidizing device is made of non-magnetic material, and is connected with a vibration motor, and the vibration energy promotes the material to be fluidized when falling on the outer surface of the fluidizing device. Or the material fluidization device is made of a non-magnetic material, an air cavity is arranged in the material fluidization device, the outer surface of the material fluidization device is an air distribution surface and is externally connected with the air supply device, and the air flow makes the material fluidized when falling from the outer surface of the material fluidization device.

It should be added that the high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separation device with circular truncated cone shape further comprises a feeder for supplying materials to the feeding port of the separation domain, wherein the feeder is independent from the rotary magnetic separation assembly and is movably arranged.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device is compact and simple in structure, convenient and fast to operate and capable of achieving large-scale industrial production.

(2) The circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device further improves the magnetic separation efficiency of fine-grained materials by introducing a vibration force field or (and) strengthening an air flow field, thereby greatly expanding the application of dry-type magnetic separation.

(3) The circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device drives magnetic materials to be continuously adsorbed and desorbed in the separation process through the rotation of the magnetic medium, and effectively improves the grade of fine-grained material magnetic separation concentrate.

To fully illustrate the unique innovations of the present invention, the magnetic material sorting process is discussed. In the existing continuous magnetic separation equipment, the separation paths of a drum type magnetic separator and a drum type magnetic separator are relatively short, the influence of the material layer thickness on the separation effect is great, and the magnetic separation process is rapid and generally is a one-time adsorption process, so that the magnetic separation efficiency is difficult to ensure for fine materials even if the magnetic turnover effect exists; although the belt type magnetic separator can adjust the length of the separation path, the belt type magnetic separator is also a one-time separation process, and the separation efficiency of fine materials is difficult to ensure; in a vertical ring or flat ring pulsating high-gradient magnetic separator specially aiming at micro-fine particle materials, magnetic separation is also quick, and meanwhile, the separation path of the high-gradient magnetic separation is shorter, so that the grade of the fine materials is difficult to ensure even if the pulsed fluid impacts. In order to improve the magnetic separation efficiency of fine materials, a method for periodically adjusting magnetic field force in the design of a magnetic separation column needs to be referred, so that the magnetic materials can be adsorbed by a magnetic system (or a separation surface, a magnetic medium and the like) in the separation process, then desorbed and adsorbed, and the process is repeated; meanwhile, the non-magnetic materials after each desorption-adsorption process are ensured to be discharged out of the sorting system in time. To realize the separation process, the design of a drum type and a drum type is eliminated firstly, because the separation path of the magnetic separator is short, and the magnetic materials cannot be or are difficult to be recollected after being desorbed; the flat ring type and the vertical ring type are also eliminated, because if the magnetic material is desorbed, the downstream trapping adsorption is not carried out; the belt type can realize the process by multi-belt type combination, but the structure of the device is too complex. The cone type or the circular truncated cone type is a relatively proper choice, in the rotating process of the cone or the circular truncated cone, magnetic materials are adsorbed by a magnetic system, non-magnetic materials slide down along the side surface of the cone or the circular truncated cone, and the sorting paths of the magnetic materials and the non-magnetic materials are in an angle difference of nearly 90 degrees, so that the magnetic materials and the non-magnetic materials are completely different sorting paths; if the magnetic system is arranged, magnetic materials can be collected and released periodically, and non-magnetic materials mixed in the magnetic system can be discharged out of the separation system continuously, so that the fine particle magnetic separation efficiency is improved to a certain degree, and the magnetic separation system is still initiated in the field of dry type fine particle material magnetic separation.

If the method is further combined with the action of vibration force or (and) fluid force, the loosening of the materials is firstly realized to reduce the inclusion during sorting; secondly, the field force which plays a key role in sorting is generated, and the sorting environment is fully improved. This will further improve the magnetic separation efficiency of the fine material.

If the magnetic separation efficiency is further improved, the fine particles which seriously affect the dry-type magnetic separation efficiency are removed through the action of the airflow, so that the magnetic separation efficiency of the fine particle materials is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a circular table type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention during the intervention of a vibration force.

FIG. 2 is a first schematic structural cross-sectional view of the circular truncated cone-shaped high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separation device of the present invention during the intervention of strong air flow.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention during the intervention of strong air flow.

Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a fluidizing device of the round table type efficient dry magnetic separation device.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating magnetic medium of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a reference schematic diagram of several different structures of the inner protrusion of the rotating magnetic medium of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the magnetic system of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the closely arranged magnetic structure of the high-efficiency dry magnetic separator of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a long strip magnetic system of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separator of the present invention, which is arranged spirally.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the arrangement of magnetic systems arranged at intervals in the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement of the magnetic systems arranged at intervals in two layers of the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device.

The reference numerals include: a magnetic system 1, a rotating magnetic medium 2, a magnetic yoke 3, a liquefying device 4 and a bracket 5.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1 and 4, as a basic structure of the present invention, the circular truncated cone type efficient dry magnetic separation device of the present invention includes a magnetic system 1, a rotating magnetic medium 2, a magnetic yoke 3, a fluidizing device 4 and a support 5. The space between the rotating magnetic medium 2 and the fluidizing device 4 is a separation domain, the magnetic system 1 is a fixed magnetic system and is positioned outside the rotating magnetic medium 2, namely outside the separation domain, and the magnetic yoke 3 is wrapped outside the magnetic system 1. The upper side of the sorting domain is provided with a feeding port, and the lower side is provided with a concentrate bin, a middle bin and a tail bin. The inside of the rotating magnetic medium 2 is provided with a protrusion of a magnetically permeable material inducing a high gradient magnetic field. The fluidizing device 4 is externally connected with special auxiliary equipment to fluidize the sorting area materials. The typical sorting process of the round table type efficient dry magnetic separation device is as follows: the material enters the separation area through a feeder, and the fluidizing device 4 causes the material entering the separation area to be loose, so that the material moves downwards along the outer surface of the fluidizing device 4 in an approximately fluidized mode under the action of gravity and fluid force (and/or vibration force). The magnetic system 1 magnetizes the rotating magnetic medium 2 and generates a high gradient magnetic field at the inner protrusion of the rotating magnetic medium 2, thereby generating gradient magnetic field force on magnetic particles in the material and adsorbing the material at the protrusion. The rotating magnetic medium 2 rotates to drive the adsorbed materials to move along the circumferential direction, and when the rotating magnetic medium 2 passes through different positions of a magnetic system, the adsorbed materials are subjected to impurity removal of magnetic agglomeration through magnetic overturning due to the alternative arrangement of N-S magnetic poles. Under the action of the fluidizing device 4 and gravity, non-magnetic particles which are not trapped by impurities directly enter a tail stock bin along the direction of a circular truncated cone bus; in the rotating process of the rotating magnetic medium 2, the non-magnetic (weak magnetic) particles desorbed from the protrusions are subjected to a certain centrifugal effect, but because the width of the interlayer of the separation region is narrow, and the fluidizing device provides larger field force for the particles, the particles are prevented from moving along the circumferential direction, and therefore the particles can also enter the tail stock bin along the generatrix direction of the circular truncated cone. The fluidizing device 4 firstly promotes the loosening of the materials and fully improves the separation environment; secondly, non-magnetic materials which are not trapped or desorbed are promoted to rapidly enter a middle material or a tail material bin, so that the throwing and early throwing can be realized. The material rotates along with the magnetic medium 2 under the action of the magnetic system, and magnetic overturning is realized at the NS pole alternation position, so as to further remove impurities.

Further, through reasonable configuration of the magnetic system 1, the materials can be completely desorbed after being adsorbed, the desorbed materials are collected by the magnetic system 1 again in the downward fluidization motion process, and the materials are more fully sorted after undergoing a plurality of adsorption-desorption-adsorption processes. Finally, the magnetic material is completely separated from the action range of the magnetic system 1, and the final desorption is completed and falls into a fine material bin. The circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device adopts the basic technical scheme, however, a fluid power field or a vibration power field is introduced into the circular truncated cone type magnetic separation device by a plurality of methods, namely, the fluidization device 4 has different design schemes; secondly, the design of the magnetic system 1 and the magnetic medium 2 has a great influence on the sorting effect.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a vibration force field is independently intervened, namely, a fluidization device 4 is connected with a vibration motor, and vibration energy breaks a particle force chain structure to promote the materials entering a separation domain to be loose, so that the materials are fluidized and move downwards. As shown in fig. 4, the fluidizing device 4 is a truncated cone-shaped thin plate, and the thickness of the interlayer in the sorting region is small, so that the vibration amplitude is not too large, and the contact friction between the magnetic medium and the fluidizing device in the rotating process is avoided. The design scheme has the advantages of simple structure, light overall weight and low vibration energy consumption.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 2 and 4, the fluidization device 4 is connected to the air supply device, the fluidization device 4 is a truncated cone-shaped air cavity or a truncated cone-shaped annular air cavity, and the outer side surface of the fluidization device 4 is provided with a porous air distribution plate. The air supply means supplies fluid into the air chamber of the fluidising apparatus 4 and is dispersed into the classification space by means of a perforated air distributor plate, as indicated by the arrows in figure 2. The angle of the side surface of the circular truncated cone is larger than the stacking angle of the materials, so that the materials are prevented from being stacked in the sorting domain under the condition of no air flow. Due to no vibration intervention, the thickness of the interlayer of the sorting area can be further reduced. The design scheme has a simple and compact structure, and the intensified airflow not only loosens materials on the surface of the air distribution plate, but also impacts the materials adsorbed on the magnetic medium, so that the separation environment of the whole separation domain is directly improved.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 3, the reinforcing air flow field is separately inserted, but the fluidizing device 4 does not need to be externally connected with an air supply device, but is a truncated cone-shaped thin plate as in embodiment 1. The airflow moves upwards through the lower side of the sorting domain, and under the action of the airflow, the materials enter the sorting domain to be in a loose state, wherein the micro-fine non-magnetic materials directly move upwards along with the airflow and are separated from the sorting domain, and coarse particles and partial fine non-magnetic materials can continuously move downwards and enter a tail stock bin; after the competition of magnetic force, gravity and fluid drag force, a part of the fine-particle magnetic material moves upwards to separate the separation domain, a part of the fine-particle magnetic material is adsorbed on the rotating magnetic medium 2, and coarse-particle and fine-particle magnetic materials can be smoothly adsorbed by the rotating magnetic medium 2. According to the design scheme, part of micro-fine particle materials which seriously affect the sorting effect are removed firstly, the particle size composition of the materials to be sorted is improved at the beginning of material treatment, and the sorting efficiency is greatly improved.

Example 4:

the separation effect can be improved by independently intervening the vibration force field or the intensified air flow field, and a certain synergistic effect can be generated if two force fields are simultaneously intervened. Referring to fig. 3, while the enhanced air flow field is introduced, the vibration fluidization device 4, on one hand, can avoid the accumulation of the materials in the separation area by vibration, on the other hand, can promote the fluidization of the materials to expose the fine particle materials wrapped therein, and the enhanced air flow can remove the fine particle materials affecting the separation efficiency in time.

Example 5:

referring to fig. 5 and 6, the rotating magnetic medium 2 can be designed differently for different materials to improve the sorting effect. Fig. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the rotating magnetic medium 2, and the rotating magnetic medium 2 is composed of two parts, one part is a circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate, and the other part is a protrusion on the inner side of the circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate. The circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate can be made of magnetic conductivity materials or non-magnetic conductivity materials; the protrusions on the inner side of the rotating magnetic medium 2 must be made of high-permeability low-coercivity materials to sufficiently gather magnetism and weaken the remanence. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing several structures of the protrusion inside the rotating magnetic medium 2, where the protrusion may be a circular ring type, a long bar type, a spiral type, a block type, or a needle type protrusion, and the cross-sectional shape may be a triangle, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, a semicircle, a semi-ellipse, or other shapes.

Further, the side inclination angle of the rotating magnetic medium 2 is set to be equal to or slightly smaller than the inclination angle of the fluidizing device 4, and the inclination angle of the fluidizing device 4 is larger than the material accumulation angle; the interlayer thickness of the separation domain between the two is adjusted within the range of 5mm-100mm based on the material separation. The length of the circular truncated cone generatrix of the fluidizing device 4 is based on the material sorting practice and the equipment scale to select different setting schemes.

Example 6:

as shown in fig. 7, the magnetic system 1 can be designed differently. The magnetic system 1 can adopt an electromagnetic magnetic system or a permanent magnetic system. Fig. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the magnetic system 1, and the yoke 3 is wrapped outside the magnetic system 1. The integral magnetic wrap angle of the magnetic system is less than 360 degrees, so that the desorption of the magnetic materials is realized at the sorting end point. The magnetic system 1 can adopt a top-bottom complete magnetic system arrangement which is closely arranged as shown in fig. 8, so that the magnetic field force in the sorting domain is relatively constant; the strip-shaped magnetic system which is spirally arranged along the side surface of the rotating magnetic medium 2 as shown in fig. 9 can also be adopted, so that the change of circumferential magnetic force and the change of axial magnetic force can be generated in the process that the material moves along with the rotating magnetic medium 2, and the impurity removing effect is further improved. In addition, the manufacturing cost of the magnetic system is also reduced.

In order to make the magnetic system 1 generate the effect of "adsorption-desorption-adsorption" on the material, a magnetic system arrangement arranged at intervals as shown in fig. 10 can be adopted. Under the action of the segmented magnetic system, when the adsorbed material moves to the tail end of the magnetic system segment along with the rotating magnetic medium 2 in the circumferential direction, the adsorbed material is directly desorbed from the bulge of the magnetic medium 2 under the action of centrifugal force and gravity and moves downwards until the adsorbed material is adsorbed by the bulge of the magnetic medium 2 under the action of the lower-end magnetic system. The materials are further sorted by continuous 'adsorption-desorption', and the process is consistent and continuous until the sorting is finished.

The magnetic poles of the segmented magnetic system in the magnetic system 1 can be arranged in an N-S pole alternate arrangement mode so as to realize the magnetic overturning effect in the process that the magnetic material moves along with the magnetic medium; the magnetic material adsorption and desorption device can also be arranged to be arranged with full N poles or full S poles, and realizes the rapid adsorption-desorption of the magnetic material along with the movement of the magnetic medium by utilizing the alternative distribution of the magnetic attraction area above the magnetic poles and the magnetic repulsion area in a certain area above the adjacent magnetic poles.

Because the sorted material can not be completely collected by a section of magnetic system after entering the action range of the magnetic system 1, in order to avoid the situation, the arrangement of the magnetic systems arranged at intervals in a double-layer mode as shown in fig. 11 can be adopted to strengthen downstream scavenging. Of course, three or more layers of magnetic systems arranged at intervals can be adopted to achieve a better scavenging effect, and the overall magnetic force provided by the magnetic system can be gradually reduced along with the rotation direction of the magnetic medium to meet the requirement of partial fine sorting.

The magnetic system can adopt a single-series or mutually independent multi-series arrangement scheme based on material sorting.

Particularly, when an electromagnetic magnetic system is adopted, a periodically changing electromagnetic field can be directly set to realize periodic adjustment of the magnitude of the magnetic force.

The magnetic system can also be set as a high gradient closed magnetic system, that is, opposite magnetic poles are arranged at the positions corresponding to the magnetic poles of the external magnetic system inside the fluidizing device 4 to form an internal magnetic system. Meanwhile, the magnet yoke wraps the inner magnetic system and the outer magnetic system, magnetic leakage is reduced, and the penetration of a magnetic circuit is completed.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention do not describe every possible combination. In addition, any combination of various different implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circular truncated cone type efficient dry-type magnetic separation device is characterized by comprising a magnetic system (1), a rotating magnetic medium (2), a magnetic yoke (3), a fluidizing device (4) and a bracket (5);

the space between the rotating magnetic medium (2) and the fluidizing device (4) is a separation domain, the magnetic system (1) is a fixed magnetic system and is positioned on the outer side of the rotating magnetic medium (2), namely the separation domain, the magnetic yoke (3) wraps the outer side of the magnetic system (1), the upper side of the separation domain is provided with a feeding port, and the lower side of the separation domain is provided with a fine material bin, a middle material bin and a tail material bin;

the inner side of the rotating magnetic medium (2) is provided with a protrusion made of magnetic conductivity materials for inducing a high gradient magnetic field; the fluidization device (4) is externally connected with auxiliary equipment for fluidizing the materials in the separation area.

2. The high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separator in the form of a circular truncated cone according to claim 1, wherein the rotating magnetic medium (2) and the fluidizing device (4) are both circular truncated cone-shaped annular structures, and there is an inclination between the side surfaces of the rotating magnetic medium and the ground, the inclination of the side surface of the rotating magnetic medium (2) is equal to or smaller than the inclination of the fluidizing device (4), and the inclination of the fluidizing device (4) is larger than the accumulation angle of the materials.

3. The high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separator in the form of a circular truncated cone according to claim 1, wherein the rotating magnetic medium (2) is composed of two parts, one part is a thin circular truncated cone-shaped plate, and the other part is a protrusion on the inner side of the thin circular truncated cone-shaped plate; the circular truncated cone-shaped thin plate can be made of magnetic conduction or non-magnetic conduction materials, and the protrusions on the inner side of the rotating magnetic medium (2) are made of high-magnetic-conductivity low-coercive-force materials.

4. The high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protrusions of the rotating magnetic medium (2) are in the shape of one of a circular ring, a long bar, a spiral, a block or a needle, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is one of a triangle, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, a semicircle, a semi-ellipse or other shapes.

5. The rotary table type efficient dry magnetic separation device according to claim 1, wherein the fluidizing device (4) comprises any one of a vibration fluidizing rotary table separately connected with an external vibration motor or a strong air flow fluidizing rotary table separately connected with an external air supply device.

6. The high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separator in the form of a circular truncated cone according to claim 1, wherein the fluidizing means (4) comprises a strong air-flow fluidizing means which is arranged under the separation region to continuously supply air upwards when the air supply means is not connected.

7. The high-efficiency dry magnetic separator in the form of a circular truncated cone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluidizing means (4) comprises a strong air-flow fluidizing means and a vibrating fluidizing circular truncated cone which are arranged under the separation region and continuously supply air upwards when not connected with the air supply means.

8. The high-efficiency round-table dry-type magnetic separation device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic system (1) is an external magnetic open-type magnetic system, and is composed of segmented magnetic systems arranged at intervals, and magnetic poles in the segmented magnetic systems are arranged in any one of N-S alternation, full N arrangement or full S arrangement.

9. The high-efficiency dry-type magnetic separation device of the circular truncated cone type as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic system (1) is arranged in a single series or independent multiple series in the circumferential direction of the circular truncated cone; the arrangement mode of double-layer or multi-layer subsection interval arrangement is formed in the direction of the circular truncated cone generatrix.

10. The high-efficiency round-table dry magnetic separator according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic system (1) can be set as a high-gradient closed magnetic system, that is, opposite magnetic poles are arranged at the positions corresponding to the magnetic poles of the external magnetic system inside the fluidizing device (4) to form an internal magnetic system; the magnet yoke (3) wraps the inner magnetic system and the outer magnetic system.