CN113964347A - Air supply integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Air supply integrated device of multi-stack fuel cell system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113964347A CN113964347A CN202111227229.5A CN202111227229A CN113964347A CN 113964347 A CN113964347 A CN 113964347A CN 202111227229 A CN202111227229 A CN 202111227229A CN 113964347 A CN113964347 A CN 113964347A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system and a working method thereof, wherein the air supply integrated device comprises an air inlet unit, an air buffer unit, a pipeline unit and a controller; the air buffer unit comprises a buffer tank and a detection sensor arranged on the buffer tank, the buffer tank is communicated with the air inlet unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank is connected with each fuel cell single stack of the multi-stack fuel cells through the pipeline unit, and the detection sensor and the air inlet unit are connected with the controller. The air supply integrated device and the working method thereof can improve the efficiency of the multi-pile fuel cell system and reduce the energy consumption and the cost of the multi-pile fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system and a working method thereof.
Background
The global energy crisis and the rapid development of new energy have attracted much attention in new energy and renewable energy technologies, and among them, fuel cells are attracting much attention in the fields of transportation, aerospace, distributed power generation, and the like, due to the advantages of high energy efficiency, low environmental noise, no pollution, and the like, as a new energy device.
When the fuel cell is used, a plurality of fuel cell single stacks are generally formed into a multi-stack fuel cell to improve the output power so as to meet the requirements of high-power electrical appliances, and in order to meet the high-power air supply of the multi-stack fuel cell, a high-power air compressor or other air compression equipment is generally required to be equipped. This design results in lower overall efficiency, higher energy consumption, and higher cost for the multi-stack fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated air supply device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, which can improve the overall efficiency of the multi-stack fuel cell system and reduce the overall power consumption and cost of the multi-stack fuel cell system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an air supply integrated device for a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising an air inlet unit, an air buffer unit, a pipeline unit and a controller; the air buffer unit comprises a buffer tank and a detection sensor arranged on the buffer tank, the buffer tank is communicated with the air inlet unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank is connected with each fuel cell single stack of the multi-stack fuel cells through the pipeline unit, and the detection sensor and the air inlet unit are connected with the controller.
Further, the detection sensor comprises a first pressure sensor, and the first pressure sensor is connected with the controller.
Further, the detection sensor comprises a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature sensor is connected with the controller.
Further, the air inlet unit comprises an air source assembly and a pressure reduction and air supply control valve, the buffer tank is connected with the air source assembly through an air source buffer communication pipeline of the pipeline unit, the pressure reduction and air supply control valve is arranged in the air source buffer communication pipeline, and the pressure reduction and air supply control valve is connected with the controller.
Further, the pipeline unit comprises a humidifying pipeline and a non-humidifying pipeline, a humidifying device and a humidifying on-off valve are arranged in the humidifying pipeline, a non-humidifying on-off valve is arranged in the non-humidifying pipeline, the inlet ends of the humidifying pipeline and the non-humidifying pipeline are connected with the buffer tank, and the outlet ends of the humidifying pipeline and the non-humidifying pipeline are connected with the single fuel cell stack of the multi-stack fuel cell.
Furthermore, the humidifying pipeline and the non-humidifying pipeline are connected with all the fuel cell single stacks through an air inlet collecting pipeline, a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged in the air inlet collecting pipeline, and the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are connected with the controller.
Furthermore, the pipeline unit comprises a plurality of parallel-connected stack air inlet pipelines, the inlet ends of all the stack air inlet pipelines are connected with the buffer tank, the outlet ends of all the stack air inlet pipelines are respectively communicated with the cathode inlets of all the fuel cell single stacks of the multi-stack fuel cells, each stack air inlet pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve connected with the controller, and the controller can control the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, the pipeline unit also comprises a plurality of parallel electric pile gas outlet pipelines, the inlet ends of all the electric pile gas outlet pipelines are respectively communicated with the cathode outlets of the single fuel cell piles of the multi-pile fuel cells, a back pressure valve connected with a controller is arranged in each electric pile gas outlet pipeline, and the controller can control the opening degree of the back pressure valve.
Furthermore, the pipeline unit comprises a main exhaust pipeline, the outlet ends of all the stack gas outlet pipelines are communicated with the main exhaust pipeline, and a water-gas separator is arranged in the main exhaust pipeline.
As described above, the integrated air supply device according to the present invention has the following advantages:
the working principle of the air supply integrated device is as follows: the air inlet unit presses air into a buffer tank of the air buffer unit through the pipeline unit, the buffer tank stores the air and supplies the air to each fuel cell single stack of the multi-stack fuel cells through the pipeline unit when needed; the detection sensor detects the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank in real time and feeds back the detection result to the controller; the controller controls the working state of the air inlet unit according to the detection information fed back by the detection sensor so as to ensure that the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank are within the set parameter range and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency, namely the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is within a high-efficiency range, and when the set parameters are within the range, the gas in the buffer tank can meet the supply requirement of a plurality of stacks of fuel cells. The energy consumption of the air inlet unit is reduced, the required maximum power of the air inlet unit is low, the air inlet unit can meet the requirement by adopting a low specification or model, and the whole multi-pile fuel cell system is low in energy consumption, high in efficiency and low in cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a multi-stack fuel cell system with improved efficiency and reduced power consumption.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an operating method of an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
the air inlet unit presses air into a buffer tank of the air buffer unit through the pipeline unit, the buffer tank stores the air and supplies the air to each fuel cell single stack of the multi-stack fuel cells through the pipeline unit when needed;
the detection sensor detects the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank in real time and feeds back the detection result to the controller;
the controller controls the working state of the air inlet unit according to the detection information fed back by the detection sensor so as to ensure that the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank are within the set parameter range and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency.
As described above, the working method according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects:
the working method decouples the air pressed by the air inlet unit and the air needed by the multi-pile fuel cell through the air buffer unit, so that the air inlet unit does not need to completely supply air along with the requirement of the multi-pile fuel cell, but the air supply is carried out according to the gas parameters in the buffer tank, the working state of the air inlet unit is easy to regulate and control, and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency in the process, the air inlet unit can be effectively prevented from being in a low-efficiency working interval, the air inlet unit is ensured to be in a high-efficiency working interval, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the air intake unit and ensure that the required maximum power of the air intake unit is lower, thus the air intake unit can meet the requirements by adopting lower specification or model, and further, the energy consumption of the whole multi-stack fuel cell system is low, the efficiency is higher, and the cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrical power consumption of the air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the maximum electric power of the air supply integration device of the multi-stack fuel cell system in the embodiment of the invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 air source Assembly 16 third pressure sensor
2 air filter 17 multi-stack fuel cell
3 pressure gauge 18 fuel cell single stack
4 first manual valve 19 fourth pressure sensor
5 pressure reducing and air supply control valve 20 back pressure valve
6 first temperature sensor 21 moisture separator
7 first pressure sensor 22 second manual valve
8 buffer tank 23 air source buffer communicating pipeline
9 flowmeter 24 humidifying pipeline
10 non-humidifying on-off valve 25 non-humidifying pipeline
11 humidification on-off valve 26 intake air collecting pipeline
12 humidifying device 27 electric pile air inlet pipeline
13 second temperature sensor 28 pile gas outlet pipeline
14 second pressure sensor 29 exhaust gas main line
15 solenoid valve 30 flow detection communicating pipe
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions of the present disclosure, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the ratios, or adjustments of the sizes, can still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the function and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for convenience of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, including an air intake unit, an air buffer unit, a pipeline unit and a controller; the air buffer unit comprises a buffer tank 8 and a detection sensor arranged on the buffer tank 8, the buffer tank 8 is communicated with the air inlet unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank 8 is connected with each fuel cell single stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 through the pipeline unit, and the detection sensor and the air inlet unit are both connected with the controller. The working principle of the air supply integrated device is as follows: the air inlet unit presses air into a buffer tank 8 of the air buffer unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank 8 stores the air and supplies the air to each fuel cell single stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 through the pipeline unit when needed; the detection sensor detects the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank 8 in real time and feeds back the detection result to the controller; the controller controls the working state of the air inlet unit according to the detection information fed back by the detection sensor to ensure that the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank 18 are within the set parameter range and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency, namely the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is within a high-efficiency interval, and when the set parameters are within the set parameter range, the gas in the buffer tank 8 can meet the supply requirement of the multi-pile fuel cells 17, in such a working mode, the air pressed in by the air inlet unit is decoupled from the air required by the multi-pile fuel cells 17 through the air buffer unit, so that the air inlet unit does not need to completely supply air along with the requirement of the multi-pile fuel cells 17, but supplies air according to the gas parameters in the buffer tank 8, the working state of the air inlet unit is easy to regulate and control, and the air inlet unit is easier to be within the high-efficiency working interval, the energy consumption of the air inlet unit is reduced, the required maximum power of the air inlet unit is low, the air inlet unit can meet the requirement by adopting a low specification or model, and the whole multi-pile fuel cell system is low in energy consumption, high in efficiency and low in cost.
Meanwhile, the present embodiment provides an operating method of an air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system, including the steps of:
the air inlet unit presses air into a buffer tank 8 of the air buffer unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank 8 buffers and stores the air, and supplies the air to each fuel cell single stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 through the pipeline unit respectively when needed, so as to perform electrochemical reaction and generate electric energy;
the detection sensor detects the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank 8 in real time and feeds back the detection result to the controller;
the controller controls the working state of the air inlet unit according to the detection information fed back by the detection sensor so as to ensure that the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank 8 are within the set parameter range and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency.
The working method decouples the air pressed by the air inlet unit and the air needed by the multi-pile fuel cell 17 through the air buffer unit, so that the air inlet unit does not need to completely supply air along with the requirement of the multi-pile fuel cell 17, but the air supply is carried out according to the gas parameters in the buffer tank 8, the working state of the air inlet unit is easy to regulate and control, and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency in the process, the air inlet unit can be effectively prevented from being in a low-efficiency working interval, the air inlet unit is ensured to be in a high-efficiency working interval, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the air intake unit and ensure that the required maximum power of the air intake unit is lower, thus the air intake unit can meet the requirements by adopting lower specification or model, and further, the energy consumption of the whole multi-stack fuel cell system is low, the efficiency is higher, and the cost is low.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection sensor includes a first pressure sensor 7 for detecting the gas pressure in the buffer tank 8, and the first pressure sensor 7 is connected to the controller. In this way, the controller can control the operating state of the air intake unit based on the gas pressure information fed back by the first pressure sensor 7. Meanwhile, the detection sensor also comprises a first temperature sensor 6 for detecting the temperature of the gas in the buffer tank 8, and the first temperature sensor 6 is connected with the controller. In this way, the controller can also control the working state of the air intake unit according to the gas temperature information fed back by the first temperature sensor 6, so as to ensure that the pressure and the temperature of the gas in the buffer tank 8 are respectively in a set pressure range and a set temperature range.
As shown in fig. 1, the air intake unit of the present embodiment includes an air source assembly 1 and a pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5, an air inlet of a buffer tank 8 is connected in series with the air source assembly 1 through an air source buffer communication pipe 23 of a pipe unit, the pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5 is disposed in the air source buffer communication pipe 23, and the pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5 is connected to the controller. The controller controls the operation state of the decompression and air supply control valve 5, thereby controlling the supply of compressed air generated by the air source unit 1 to the surge tank 8 when necessary. In this embodiment, the air source buffer communicating pipeline 23 is further provided with an air filter 2, a pressure gauge 3 and a first manual valve 4. The environmental air is provided by the air source component 1, and after passing through the air compressor of the air source component 1, the environmental air sequentially passes through the air filter 2, the pressure gauge 3, the first manual valve 4 and the pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5 through the pipeline unit and enters the buffer tank 8 of the air buffer unit. In this embodiment, the air intake flow and the pressure of the air which is pressed into the buffer tank 8 by the air intake unit are related to the set pressure inside the buffer tank 8, and the air intake flow and the pressure do not need to follow the requirements of the multiple stacks of fuel cells 17 in real time, that is, the air intake flow of the air intake unit does not need to follow the output power of the multiple stacks of fuel cells 17 at any time, the air is buffered and stored by the buffer tank 8 of the air buffer unit, and a proper buffer tank pressure control strategy is adopted to ensure that the compressor in the air intake unit works in a high-efficiency interval, so that the electric power consumption and the maximum electric power of the compressor are reduced. In this embodiment, the buffer tank 8 is a cavity with a limited volume, the volume and the set pressure range of the buffer tank are determined according to the number of the single fuel cell stacks 18 in the multi-stack fuel cell 17 and the actual working condition, the pressure in the buffer tank 8 is controlled by optimizing a hybrid control method, the efficient operation of an air intake unit is ensured, and the power requirement of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 is met. The air inlet speed in the air inlet unit is determined according to the ambient pressure and the set pressure range in the air buffer unit.
As shown in fig. 1, the pipeline unit in this embodiment further includes a flow detection communication pipeline 30, a humidification pipeline 24, a non-humidification pipeline 25, an inlet air collecting pipeline 26, a stack inlet pipeline 27, a stack outlet pipeline 28, and a main exhaust pipeline 29, which are communicated with the outlet of the buffer tank 8. Wherein, a flowmeter 9 is arranged in the flow detection communicating pipeline 30; a humidifying on-off valve 11 and a humidifying device 12 are arranged in the humidifying pipeline 24, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the humidifying pipeline 24 are respectively communicated with a flow detection communication pipeline 30 and an air inlet collecting pipeline 26; the non-humidifying pipeline 25 is internally provided with a non-humidifying on-off valve 10, the inlet end and the outlet end of the non-humidifying pipeline 25 are respectively communicated with the flow detection communication pipeline 30 and the air inlet collecting pipeline 26, the non-humidifying pipeline 25 is connected with the humidifying pipeline 24 in parallel, and the humidifying on-off valve 11 and the non-humidifying on-off valve 10 are both connected with the controller; a second temperature sensor 13 and a second pressure sensor 14 are arranged in the intake air collecting pipeline 26, and both the second temperature sensor 13 and the second pressure sensor 14 are connected with the controller; the fuel cell stack air inlet pipelines 27 are distributed in a parallel connection mode, the specific number of the fuel cell stack air inlet pipelines is equal to that of the fuel cell single stacks 18, the inlet end of each fuel cell stack air inlet pipeline 27 is communicated with the air inlet collecting pipeline 26, the outlet end of each fuel cell stack air inlet pipeline 27 is respectively communicated with the cathode inlet of each fuel cell single stack 18, an electromagnetic valve 15 and a third pressure sensor 16 are arranged in each fuel cell stack air inlet pipeline 27, the electromagnetic valve 15 and the third pressure sensor 16 are both connected with a controller, the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 15 is adjusted according to the power requirements of different fuel cell single stacks 18, and the specific operation method is determined by the controller; the number of the stack gas outlet pipelines 28 is equal to that of the fuel cell single stacks 18, the inlet ends of all the stack gas outlet pipelines 28 are respectively communicated with the cathode outlets of all the fuel cell single stacks 18, the outlet ends of all the stack gas outlet pipelines 28 are communicated with a main gas exhaust pipeline 29, a fourth pressure sensor 19 and a back pressure valve 20 are arranged in each stack gas outlet pipeline 28, and the fourth pressure sensor 19 and the back pressure valve 20 are connected with a controller; the water separator 21 and the second manual valve 22 are provided in the exhaust main 29. The pipeline unit in this embodiment is also connected with the controller. In this embodiment, the pipeline unit is further provided with an interface for connecting the electric pile water heat management unit. The controller can control the opening degrees of the solenoid valve 15 and the back pressure valve 20. When the manual valve is not in working state, the first manual valve 4 and the second manual valve 22 are in normally closed state, and when the manual valve is in working state, the manual valve is in normally open state. The controller in this embodiment is used for controlling each unit of the air supply integrated device to work normally, so that the air supply integrated device can meet the efficient air supply, the power demand and the pressure range in the buffer tank 8, and is specifically used for controlling the power generation of the multi-stack fuel cell 17, the air intake of the air intake unit and the air pressure, the temperature and the humidity of the air buffer unit. And the controller is also used to control the plumbing unit and the actuators of the multi-stack fuel cells 17.
The working method in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps: air supplied by an air source component 1 of an air inlet unit is sequentially filtered by an air filter 2 and enters a buffer tank 8 of an air buffer unit through a pressure gauge 3, a first manual valve 4 and a pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5, and the buffer tank 8 buffers and stores the air; the air in the buffer tank 8 flows through the flowmeter 9, and can enter an air inlet collecting pipeline 26 through a humidifying pipeline 24 or a non-humidifying pipeline 25 according to requirements, and after passing through a second temperature sensor 13 and a second pressure sensor 14 in the air inlet collecting pipeline 26, the air respectively enters each fuel cell single stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 through different stack air inlet pipelines 27 to perform electrochemical reaction; the reacted gas is discharged from the pile gas outlet pipelines 28 at the cathodes of all the piles and flows through the backpressure valve 20, the discharged gas in all the pile gas outlet pipelines 28 is collected by the gas discharge main pipeline 29 and then is subjected to water-gas separation treatment by the water-gas separator 21, the discharged pile air is directly discharged by the second manual valve 22, and the water-gas separator 21 collects purified water; meanwhile, a first temperature sensor 6 and a first pressure sensor 7 arranged on the buffer tank 8 respectively feed back temperature information and pressure information in the buffer tank 8 to the controller, and the controller controls the working states of the air source assembly 1 and the pressure reduction and air supply control valve 5 according to the fed back temperature information and pressure information so as to press a proper amount of air into the buffer tank 8, so that the pressure of the air in the buffer tank 8 is within a set pressure range, and the temperature of the air in the buffer tank 8 is within a set temperature range; when the pressure of the gas in the buffer tank 8 is higher than a set pressure limit value, the set pressure limit value is within a set pressure range, a constant pressure control strategy is adopted, namely a controller controls the working state of an air inlet unit to maintain the pressure in the buffer tank 8 at a current pressure value, the air inlet unit is in a high-efficiency working interval at the moment, the air in the buffer tank 8 is higher than the requirement of the multi-stack fuel cells 17, and the controller adjusts the air inlet flow and pressure of each fuel cell single stack 18 by adjusting the opening degree of each electromagnetic valve 15 to ensure that proper air enters the cathodes of each fuel cell single stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 to carry out electrochemical reaction; when the pressure of the gas in the buffer tank 8 is lower than a set pressure limit value, adopting a pressure following control strategy; in addition, the controller adjusts the back pressure at the cathode outlet of each fuel cell single stack 18 within a set range by controlling the opening of the back pressure valve 20 in each stack outlet pipeline 28; therefore, the air inlet rate of the air source component 1 does not need to be set according to the required power of the multi-pile fuel cell 17 in real time, and the air inlet rate can be set according to the pressure or temperature condition in the buffer tank 8, and the air source component 1 is ensured to be in an efficient working interval, so that the control process is simplified, the control difficulty is reduced, the efficiency of the whole system is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The air supply integrated device and the working method thereof can meet the requirement of the multi-stack fuel cell 17, simultaneously can enable the air compressor of the air source component 1 to be in a high-efficiency region, and realize that the air inlet speed of the air source component 1 does not need to follow the power required by the multi-stack fuel cell 17 by arranging the buffer tank 8 so as to reduce the parasitic power of a multi-stack fuel cell system.
In addition, the air supply amount in the air buffer unit is determined by the sum of the demands of all the fuel cell single stacks 18, and the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 15 in the stack air inlet pipeline 27 is adjusted by the controller so as to control the stack air flow rate entering each fuel cell single stack 18. The specific operation method comprises the following steps: after determining the number of single stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell 17 and the rated power of the single stacks by applying an optimized stack separation method according to actual working condition requirements, the controller adjusts the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 15 and the back pressure valve 20 in each unit through an optimized control strategy to supply air to different single stacks in the multi-stack fuel cell 17, and controls air inlet of the air inlet unit to meet the pressure range of the buffer tank 8 in the air buffer unit, so that the air inlet unit works in a high-efficiency interval without following supply according to the required power of the multi-stack fuel cell 17. In addition, according to the working condition of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 during operation, if the air entering the multi-stack fuel cell 17 needs to be humidified, the controller controls the humidification on-off valve 11 to be opened and the non-humidification on-off valve 10 to be closed so as to humidify the air by the humidification device 12; if humidification of the air entering the multi-stack fuel cell 17 is not required, the controller controls the non-humidification on-off valve 10 to be opened and the humidification on-off valve 11 to be closed.
The invention can decouple the air pressed by the air inlet unit from the air needed by all the single fuel cell stacks 18 of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 through the air buffer unit, so that the air buffer unit works in a high-efficiency interval and does not need to be completely supplied along with the requirements of the multi-stack fuel cells 17, and the buffer tanks 8 with different volumes and pressure ranges are arranged aiming at the multi-stack fuel cells 17 with different power levels and different numbers of the single fuel cell stacks 18, and the system efficiency of the air inlet unit can be improved to the maximum extent by adopting a proper buffer tank pressure control strategy so as to reduce the compressor electric power consumption and the maximum electric power of the air source assembly 1.
In the working method of the embodiment, according to the working condition requirement and the working characteristics of the compressor, a proper buffer tank pressure control strategy is adopted, the pressure of the buffer tank 8 is controlled to be maintained in a certain range, and the electric power consumption and the maximum electric power of the compressor can be reduced to the maximum extent. The buffer tank pressure control strategy specifically comprises the following steps: a pressure limit is set for the internal pressure of the buffer tank 8, and a follow-up control strategy is adopted when the demand pressure of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 exceeds the pressure limit, and the internal pressure of the buffer tank 8 is maintained when the demand pressure of the multi-stack fuel cells 17 is lower than the pressure limit. In this way, the pressure of the buffer tank 8 is adjusted by the electromagnetic valve 15 to meet the desired stack pressure of each single fuel cell stack 18 of the multi-stack fuel cells 17. Specifically, according to the working condition requirement, an optimized stack separation strategy is adopted to determine the output power of each fuel cell single stack 18 in the multi-stack fuel cell 17, and further, according to the characteristics of each fuel cell single stack 18, the expected stack air inlet flow and the expected stack air inlet pressure of each fuel cell single stack 18 are determined; further, the controller adjusts the air flow rate and air pressure to the fuel cell stack 18 by controlling the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 15 and the opening degree of the back pressure valve 20, respectively. When the input variable is controlled, air with certain pressure is pressed in by the air source component 1 and enters the air buffer unit, so that the buffer tank 8 is maintained within a certain pressure range, and the air quantity supplied to the pipeline unit by the air buffer unit is ensured to meet the requirement of the multi-stack fuel cell 17. Meanwhile, the controller collects sensor signals of each unit and controls each execution unit to perform feedback regulation, so that the air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is ensured to be in a normal working state.
The embodiment provides a universal control strategy for different application scenes or working conditions, and realizes air supply and optimized energy-saving control for multi-stack fuel cell systems with different numbers of galvanic piles. And for specific application scenes or working conditions, the integration and generalization of equipment are realized. Specifically, aiming at the determined application scene and working condition, the number, rated power and output power of each electric pile in the multi-pile fuel cell system are determined by applying an optimization and splitting method, the buffer tanks 8 with different volumes and pressure ranges are set by an optimization and calculation method, and an appropriate buffer tank pressure control strategy is applied, so that the air compressor only needs to keep the pressure in the buffer tanks 8 within a set range, the requirement of the multi-pile fuel cell 17 does not need to be followed in real time, the implementation is easy, the control strategy is simplified, the air compressor can be maintained to work in a high-efficiency interval, and the output efficiency of the multi-pile fuel cell system can be obviously improved.
The air supply integrated device in the embodiment integrates the air inlet unit, the air buffer unit, the pipeline unit and the controller thereof, and does not need to set independent air inlet modules in the prior art according to each single stack of the multi-stack fuel cells 17, the air buffer module, the pipeline module and the controller are convenient to install according to the requirements of the multi-stack fuel cells 17, and the air supply integrated device is plug-and-play and simultaneously does not need to design and develop corresponding system components which are not yet appeared. In addition, the air source assembly 1, the buffer tank 8, the humidifying device 12 and the multi-stack fuel cell 17 in this embodiment all have housings, an air inlet is arranged at the top of the housing of the air source assembly 1, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged at the top of the housing of the buffer tank 8, an air inlet is arranged at the lower end of the humidifying device 12, an air outlet is arranged at the upper end of the humidifying device, and a single-stack pipeline inlet and outlet of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 are arranged.
Specifically, in the embodiment, taking the C-WTVC cycle condition and a certain heavy commercial vehicle as an example, the maximum required power of the multi-stack fuel cell 17 is 210kW, the number of the single fuel cell stacks 18 is 3, and the air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system is as described in fig. 1. The total required power of the multi-stack fuel cell system under the C-WTVVC circulation working condition is Pdemand. The rated power of 3 fuel cell single stacks 18 is calculated to be 20kW, 70kW and 120kW respectively by applying the optimized stack division method, and the output power of each fuel cell single stack 18 is Pout1, Pout2 and Pout3 respectively and meets Pout1+ Pout2+ Pout3 which is Pdand. The pressure ranges of the buffer tank 8 calculated from the output power of each fuel cell stack 18, the stack characteristics, and the execution unit characteristics are: 1.52 to 2.81 bar. According to the pressure control strategy of the buffer tank 8, the method specifically comprises the following steps: the constant pressure control is used when the pressure in the buffer tank 8 is higher than 2bar, and the pressure following control is used when the pressure in the buffer tank 8 is lower than 2 bar. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electric power consumption and the maximum electric power of the air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system adopting the control strategy under the C-WTVC working condition are greatly improved in terms of reducing the power consumption and the maximum electric power compared with the direct air supply of a single stack fuel cell adopting 210 kW. A lower power air boost device may be matched to the multi-stack fuel cell system according to this control strategy.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system is characterized by comprising an air inlet unit, an air buffer unit, a pipeline unit and a controller; the air buffer unit comprises a buffer tank (8) and a detection sensor arranged on the buffer tank (8), the buffer tank (8) is communicated with the air inlet unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank (8) is connected with each fuel cell single stack (18) of the multi-stack fuel cells (17) through the pipeline unit, and the detection sensor and the air inlet unit are connected with the controller.
2. The air supply integration device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the detection sensor comprises a first pressure sensor (7), and the first pressure sensor (7) is connected to the controller.
3. The air supply integration device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detection sensor comprises a first temperature sensor (6), and the first temperature sensor (6) is connected to a controller.
4. The air supply integration device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet unit comprises an air source assembly (1) and a pressure reduction and air supply control valve (5), the buffer tank (8) is connected with the air source assembly (1) through an air source buffer communication pipe (23) of the pipe unit, the pressure reduction and air supply control valve (5) is disposed in the air source buffer communication pipe (23), and the pressure reduction and air supply control valve (5) is connected with the controller.
5. The air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline unit comprises a humidifying pipeline (24) and a non-humidifying pipeline (25), a humidifying device (12) and a humidifying on-off valve (11) are arranged in the humidifying pipeline (24), a non-humidifying on-off valve (10) is arranged in the non-humidifying pipeline (25), the inlet ends of the humidifying pipeline (24) and the non-humidifying pipeline (25) are both connected with the buffer tank (8), and the outlet ends of the humidifying pipeline (24) and the non-humidifying pipeline (25) are both connected with the fuel cell single stack (18) of the multi-stack fuel cell (17).
6. The air supply integrated device of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that the humidifying pipeline (24) and the non-humidifying pipeline (25) are connected with all the fuel cell single stacks (18) through an air inlet collecting pipeline (26), a second temperature sensor (13) and a second pressure sensor (14) are arranged in the air inlet collecting pipeline (26), and the second temperature sensor (13) and the second pressure sensor (14) are connected with a controller.
7. The air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline unit comprises a plurality of stack inlet pipelines (27) connected in parallel, the inlet ends of all the stack inlet pipelines (27) are connected with the buffer tank (8), the outlet ends of all the stack inlet pipelines (27) are respectively communicated with the cathode inlets of all the fuel cell single stacks (18) of the multi-stack fuel cells (17), and each stack inlet pipeline (27) is provided with a solenoid valve (15) connected with a controller, and the controller can control the opening degree of the solenoid valve (15).
8. The air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein the pipeline unit further comprises a plurality of parallel stack outlet pipelines (28), the inlet ends of all stack outlet pipelines (28) are respectively communicated with the cathode outlets of the individual fuel cell stacks (18) of the multi-stack fuel cells (17), and each stack outlet pipeline (28) is provided with a back pressure valve (20) connected with a controller, and the controller can control the opening degree of the back pressure valve (20).
9. The air supply integrated device of the multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein the pipeline unit comprises a main exhaust pipeline (29), the outlet ends of all stack outlet pipelines (28) are communicated with the main exhaust pipeline (29), and the main exhaust pipeline (29) is provided with a water-gas separator (21).
10. A method for operating an air supply integration apparatus of a multi-stack fuel cell system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the air inlet unit presses air into a buffer tank (8) of the air buffer unit through a pipeline unit, the buffer tank (8) stores the air and supplies the air to each fuel cell single stack (18) of the multi-stack fuel cells (17) through the pipeline unit when needed;
the detection sensor detects the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank (8) in real time and feeds back the detection result to the controller;
the controller controls the working state of the air inlet unit according to the detection information fed back by the detection sensor so as to ensure that the set parameters of the gas in the buffer tank (8) are within the set parameter range and the working efficiency of the air inlet unit is not lower than the set efficiency.
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