CN113959777A - Energy-saving environment detection uses soil sampling device - Google Patents
Energy-saving environment detection uses soil sampling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113959777A CN113959777A CN202111381117.5A CN202111381117A CN113959777A CN 113959777 A CN113959777 A CN 113959777A CN 202111381117 A CN202111381117 A CN 202111381117A CN 113959777 A CN113959777 A CN 113959777A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to an energy-saving soil sampling device for environment detection, which comprises a bracket, wherein the lower end of a transmission shaft is connected with a drill bit, and the upper end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the bracket and is connected with a motor; the drill comprises an outer drill cylinder, an inner drill cylinder and a rotating shaft; the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are connected through a connecting structure; an adjusting structure is further arranged between the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder, the adjusting structure comprises an upper ring, a middle ring and a lower ring, and the lower ring is connected with the upper ring and the middle ring through elastic devices; a steering structure and a cutter assembly are arranged between the upper ring and the lower ring; a rotating structure is arranged among the inner drill cylinder, the outer drill cylinder and the upper ring to realize synchronous rotation; the limiting strips extrude the upper ring to realize the relative sliding of the inner and outer drill cylinders and the adjusting structure; according to the invention, the problem that the drill bit is difficult to drill under different working conditions is solved through the self-adaptation of the cutter in different extending directions under different states, the guide and timely discharge of large soil are realized, and the self-adaptation and self-adjustment effects of the device are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to an energy-saving soil sampling device for environment detection.
Background
In the environmental detection field, often can use soil sampling device, take a sample and then carry out the analysis by detection of relevant environment to the soil in appointed place, however to the geology of difference, the soil layer of the different degree of depth bores deeply, the sample detects time measuring, sampling device among the prior art all need use different drill bits to carry out sample work, but current drill bit is in the course of working of boring the sample to the soil layer, be subject to the interference of difference or rubble etc. that soil layer soil distributes, soil sampling among the prior art, bore deeply can be because the difference of soil layer hardness meets the probing difficulty, cause the change of drill bit, damage even, seriously influence work efficiency, traditional soil sampling device can not in time be discharged by the material of probing simultaneously, also can cause the degree of difficulty of probing, waste time and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an energy-saving soil sampling device for environment detection, which aims to solve the technical problems of difficult drilling caused by replacement and even damage of a drill bit and incapability of discharging drilled materials in time.
The invention relates to an energy-saving soil sampling device for environment detection, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an energy-saving soil sampling device for environmental detection comprises a support, wherein a vertically arranged transmission shaft is rotatably mounted at the center of the support, the lower end of the transmission shaft is connected with a drill bit, the upper end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the support and is connected with a motor, and a lifting device connected with the drill bit is further arranged on the support; the drill comprises an outer drill cylinder, an inner drill cylinder arranged in the outer drill cylinder and a rotating shaft fixedly arranged in the inner drill cylinder; the bottom ends of the outer drilling cylinder and the inner drilling cylinder are respectively provided with uniformly distributed drilling tools and sample feeding holes; a top cover which can slide relatively is arranged on the rotating shaft and above the inner drill cylinder; the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are connected through a connecting structure to keep synchronous rotation and can slide up and down; an adjusting structure is further arranged between the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder, the adjusting structure comprises an upper ring, a middle ring and a lower ring, and the lower ring is connected with the upper ring and the middle ring through elastic devices; a steering structure and a cutter assembly arranged on the steering structure are arranged between the upper ring and the lower ring; a rotating structure is arranged among the inner drill cylinder, the outer drill cylinder and the upper ring to realize synchronous rotation; limiting strips which are distributed at intervals up and down are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner drilling cylinder and the outer drilling cylinder and are positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the upper ring, and the limiting strips extrude the upper ring to realize the relative sliding of the inner drilling cylinder and the outer drilling cylinder and the adjusting structure; and the distance between the upper ring and the lower ring changes and the action of the steering structure drives the cutter assembly to change in steering and stretch out for cutting.
Preferably, the steering structure comprises a first fixing rod and a second fixing rod which are provided with the lower end face of the upper ring, a first adjusting connecting rod and a second adjusting connecting rod are respectively arranged below the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod through ball joints, a cutter guiding assembly is further arranged below the second adjusting connecting rod, and the cutter guiding assembly comprises a wedge block, a base, a wedge rod and a wedge rod pressure spring; the wedge blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the base, wedge rods penetrate through the base and are respectively connected with the wedge blocks on the two sides, one side of each wedge block is of an inclined surface structure, and the other side of each wedge block is of a vertical surface structure; a clamping groove matched with a wedge rod structure is further formed in one side of the vertical surface of the wedge block, a wedge rod pressure spring is installed in the clamping groove, and one end of the wedge rod extrudes the wedge rod pressure spring and is installed in the clamping groove; a key groove is formed in the base, a guide groove for mounting a cutter guide assembly is further formed in the lower ring, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves concentric with the middle ring are formed in the middle ring, and the steering structure and the adjusting pressure spring form a group and penetrate through the arc-shaped grooves; and protective sleeves are further arranged between the upper ring and the middle ring and between the middle ring and the lower ring, the protective sleeves are sleeved on the outer sides of the steering structures and the elastic devices, and the steering structures are multiple groups which are uniformly distributed in an annular manner.
Preferably, the cutter assembly comprises a cutter arranged below the position between the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod and an adjusting groove arranged in the cutter; a fixed column is connected and mounted below the first adjusting connecting rod, and the bottom of the fixed column penetrates through one end of the cutter and is in sliding connection with a lower annular groove formed in the lower ring; a sliding block is connected below the second fixed rod and consists of a connecting column and a guide pillar arranged below the connecting column; the bottom of the second fixed rod is connected with the connecting column, and the guide column is slidably arranged in the adjusting groove to realize the sliding of the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod; and the lowest end of the guide post is slidably arranged in the key groove, and the cutter is driven by a steering structure to change in a steering way so as to realize the external cutting and the internal cutting of the soil.
Preferably, the rotating structure comprises a plurality of limiting connecting rods arranged on the upper ring, and the limiting connecting rods are uniformly distributed in an annular shape; and the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are respectively provided with a limit groove which is matched with the limit connecting rod structure and is vertically arranged, one end of the inner side of the limit connecting rod is in sliding connection with the limit groove of the inner drill cylinder, and one end of the outer side of the limit connecting rod is in sliding connection with the limit groove of the outer drill cylinder to keep synchronous rotation, so that the cutter is driven to rotate to cut soil.
Preferably, the connecting structure comprises an inner trough plate vertically arranged on the outer side wall of the inner drilling barrel and a connecting plate vertically arranged on the inner wall of the outer drilling barrel, a sliding groove is formed in the connecting plate, the inner trough plate and the sliding groove are installed in a matched mode and are uniformly distributed in M groups, M is larger than or equal to 3, and material ports are formed in the top ends of the inner drilling barrel and the outer drilling barrel.
Preferably, a protection device for protecting the adjusting structure is further arranged at the bottom ends of the inner drilling cylinder and the outer drilling cylinder and below the adjusting structure, and the protection device comprises a flat groove arranged at the bottom of the inner drilling cylinder and a cutting plate arranged in the flat groove; the lower end face of the cutting plate is provided with cutting teeth, one end of the cutting plate is rotatably connected with the flat slot through a short shaft, and the return is realized through a reset torsion spring; the protection devices are uniformly distributed in multiple groups, and the structure of the protection device of the outer drilling barrel is the same as that of the protection device of the inner drilling barrel; the cutting plates of the outer drilling barrel protection device and the cutting plates of the inner drilling barrel protection device are arranged oppositely and distributed at intervals; under the initial condition, the cutting plate is horizontally arranged and synchronously rotates to realize the soil drilling of the area below the adjusting structure.
Preferably, the lifting device is a hydraulic telescopic rod, the top of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the support, the bottom of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the drill bit, the hydraulic telescopic rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transmission shaft, and the motor is fixedly arranged on the support.
Further preferably, a discharge groove is further formed in the outer side wall of the drill.
Preferably, the top cover and the rotating shaft are connected through a bearing to keep relative rotation, an inner pressure spring is arranged on the rotating shaft between the top cover and the inner drill cylinder, an outer pressure spring is arranged between the top cover and the outer drill cylinder, and the outer pressure spring is arranged on the outer side of the inner pressure spring to realize relative sliding; the outer side wall of the top cover is also provided with a plurality of balls which are distributed uniformly in an annular mode, the balls are in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the outer drilling barrel, and the upper end of the top cover is connected with the lifting device.
Preferably, the elastic device between the middle ring and the lower ring is an adjusting tension spring, the elastic device between the upper ring and the lower ring is an adjusting pressure spring, and the adjusting tension spring and the adjusting pressure spring are uniformly distributed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device realizes that the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder achieve relative movement in the vertical direction while ensuring synchronous rotation by arranging the outer drill cylinder, the inner drill cylinder and the connecting structure, and realizes the mutual connection and synchronous rotation of the inner drill cylinder, the adjusting structure and the outer drill cylinder by arranging the limiting connecting rod to be slidably arranged in the limiting grooves of the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder; when the lower end surfaces of the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are stressed consistently, the inner drill cylinder, the outer drill cylinder and the adjusting structure synchronously rotate, and drill cylinder sampling is performed downwards consistently; when the inner drill cylinder meets the conditions of higher hardness of soil blocks in the lower area or difficulty in drilling depth and the like, the inner drill cylinder is blocked, the descending speed of the inner drill cylinder is lower than that of the outer drill cylinder, the bottom end of the outer drill cylinder is lower than that of the inner drill cylinder, then the upper limiting strip and the lower limiting strip of the outer drill cylinder drive the upper ring to move downwards under the matching of the upper limiting strip, the lower limiting strip and the limiting groove, the upper ring, the middle ring and the lower ring are compressed through the spring, the distance between the upper ring and the lower ring is changed, and the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod are further driven to move, specifically, the second adjusting connecting rod drives the sliding block to move towards the inner drill cylinder, so that the sliding block drives the cutter to extend towards the inner side, and simultaneously drives the cutter to synchronously rotate under the action of the rotating structure, and the cutting, crushing and drilling sampling of the lower area of the inner drill cylinder are realized through the cutter assembly;
when the outer drill cylinder encounters a drilling depth difficult state with larger hardness of soil blocks in a lower area, the outer drill cylinder is blocked, the descending speed of the outer drill cylinder is lower than that of the inner drill cylinder, the bottom end of the outer drill cylinder is higher than that of the inner drill cylinder, then the inner drill cylinder drives the upper ring to move downwards under the coordination of the upper limiting strip, the lower limiting strip, the limiting connecting rod and the limiting groove, the upper ring, the middle ring and the lower ring in the adjusting structure are compressed through the spring to drive the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod to move, in particular, the second adjusting connecting rod drives the sliding block to move towards the direction of the outer drill cylinder, so that the sliding block drives the cutter to rotate towards the outer side and simultaneously drives the cutter to synchronously rotate under the action of the rotating structure, so that the cutting, crushing and drilling sampling of the area below the outer drill cylinder are realized, and the problem of difficult drilling of a drill bit under different working conditions is solved through the self-adaptive extension directions of the cutter under different states, the practicability of the device is improved, the self-adaption and self-adjustment effects of the device are greatly improved, and the smooth drilling and sampling are ensured;
the upper ring, the middle ring and the lower ring in the adjusting structure are compressed by a spring to drive the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod to move, so that the lowest end of the guide post below the second adjusting connecting rod slides in the key groove and the lower part of the guide post slides in the adjusting groove of the cutter under the matching of the guide post, the connecting post and the cutter component, thereby driving the cutter to present different angle steering and extending changes, further realizing the guiding of the large soil forming eversion trend, solving the problem that the large soil is accumulated on the drilling position and can not be discharged in time, simultaneously arranging a protection device at the bottom ends of the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder and below the adjusting structure, set up the protective sheath between upper ring and zhong huan, zhong huan and lower ring, the protective sheath is used for protecting and turns to structure and regulating spring, realizes adjusting the regional safe probing in structure below, has improved the protection safety degree of adjusting the structure, prevents to adjust the structure impaired.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an energy-saving soil sampling device for environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the drill of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a drill bit structure of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an internal structural view of an adjusting structure of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an adjustment structure of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a first state diagram of an outer drill cylinder of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a second state diagram of the outer drill cylinder of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a first state diagram of an inner drill cylinder of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a second state diagram of the inner drill cylinder of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a view showing an initial state of a drill of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a view from the B-B direction in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a state diagram of the dislocated structure of the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a view taken along line C-C of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the adjusting plate of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a cutter assembly of the soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a support; 2. a drive shaft; 3. a drill bit; 31. an outer drill cylinder; 32. an inner drill cylinder; 33. a rotating shaft; 34. drilling a cutter; 35. a sample inlet hole; 36. a discharge chute; 37. a material port; 4. a motor; 5. a lifting device; 51. a hydraulic telescopic rod; 6. a top cover; 61. an internal pressure spring; 62. an external pressure spring; 63. a ball bearing; 7. a connecting structure; 71. an inner slot plate; 72. a connecting plate; 73. a chute; 8. an adjustment structure; 81-upper ring; 82-middle ring; 83-lower ring; 84-a steering structure; 841-a first fixing bar; 842-a second fixation bar; 843-a first adjusting link; 844-a second adjusting link; 845-a cutter guide assembly; 846-wedges; 847-a base; 848-wedge bar; 849-wedge compression springs; 8410-card slots; 8411-key groove; 8412-a guide groove; 8413-arc groove; 85-a cutter assembly; 851-a cutter; 852-adjusting groove; 853-fixed column; 854-lower ring groove; 855-a slider; 856-connecting column; 857-guide column; 86-a rotating structure; 861-Limit connecting rod; 862-a limit groove; 87-a stop bar; 9. a protection device; 91. a flat groove; 92. cutting a plate; 93. cutting teeth; 10. a protective sleeve; 11-adjusting the tension spring; 12-adjusting the pressure spring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of an energy-saving soil sampling device for environmental detection according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1 to 17:
an energy-saving soil sampling device for environment detection comprises a support 1, wherein a vertically arranged transmission shaft 2 is rotatably mounted at the center of the support 1, the lower end of the transmission shaft 2 is connected with a drill bit 3, the upper end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the support 1 and is connected with a motor 4, the motor 4 is connected with the transmission shaft 2 through a belt wheel, the transmission shaft 2 is long enough, the transmission shaft and the belt wheel rotate relatively to ensure that the transmission shaft moves downwards synchronously along with the driving of a lifting device on the drill bit, and the support 1 is also provided with a lifting device 5 connected with the drill bit 3; the drill 3 comprises an outer drill cylinder 31, an inner drill cylinder 32 arranged inside the outer drill cylinder 31 and a rotating shaft 33 fixedly arranged in the inner drill cylinder 32; the bottom ends of the outer drilling cylinder 31 and the inner drilling cylinder 32 are respectively provided with a drilling tool 34 and a sample inlet hole 35 which are uniformly distributed; a top cover 6 which can slide relatively is arranged on the rotating shaft 33 and above the inner drill cylinder 32; the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are connected through a connecting structure 7 to keep synchronous rotation and can slide up and down; the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder can achieve relative movement in the vertical direction while synchronous rotation is guaranteed.
An adjusting structure 8 is further arranged between the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31, the adjusting structure 8 comprises an upper ring 81, a middle ring 82 and a lower ring 83, and the lower ring 83 is connected with the upper ring 81 and the middle ring 82 through elastic devices; the elastic device between the middle ring 82 and the lower ring 83 is an adjusting tension spring 11, the elastic device between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 is an adjusting compression spring 12, the adjusting tension springs 11 and the adjusting compression springs 12 are uniformly distributed, and a steering structure 84 and a cutter assembly 85 arranged on the steering structure 84 are arranged between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83; a rotating structure 86 is arranged among the inner drill cylinder 32, the outer drill cylinder 31 and the upper ring 81 to realize synchronous rotation; limiting strips 87 which are distributed at intervals up and down are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner drilling cylinder 32 and the outer drilling cylinder 31 and on the upper side and the lower side of the upper ring 81, and the limiting strips 87 extrude the upper ring 81 to realize the relative sliding between the inner drilling cylinder 31 and the outer drilling cylinder 31 and the adjusting structure 8; and the distance between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 changes and the steering structure 84 drives the cutter assembly 85 to change in steering and extend out for cutting, and the problem of difficult drilling of the drill bit under different working conditions is solved through the different extending directions of the cutter in different states in a self-adaptive manner.
In this embodiment, the steering structure 84 includes a first fixing rod 841 and a second fixing rod 842 provided with a lower end surface of the upper ring 81, a first adjusting link 843 and a second adjusting link 844 are respectively mounted below the first fixing rod 841 and the second fixing rod 842 through a ball joint, a cutter guide assembly 845 is further provided below the second adjusting link 844, and the cutter guide assembly 845 includes a wedge 846, a base 847, a wedge 848, and a wedge compression spring 849; the wedges 846 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the base 847, the wedge rod 848 penetrates through the base 847 and is respectively connected with the wedges 846 on the two sides, and one side of each wedge 846 is of a slope structure, and the other side of each wedge 846 is of a vertical surface structure; a clamping groove 8410 matched with a wedge 848 structure is further formed in one side of the vertical surface of the wedge 846, a wedge pressure spring 849 is installed in the clamping groove 8410, and one end of the wedge 848 extrudes the wedge pressure spring 849 and is installed in the clamping groove 8410; a key groove 8411 is formed in the base 847, a guide groove 8412 for mounting the cutter guide assembly 845 is further formed in the lower ring 83, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 8413 which are concentric with the middle ring 82 are formed in the middle ring 82, and the steering structure 84 and the adjusting pressure spring 12 form a group and penetrate through the arc-shaped grooves 8413; and the protective sleeve 10 is also arranged between the upper ring 81 and the middle ring 82, and between the middle ring 82 and the lower ring 83, the protective sleeve 10 is arranged outside the steering structure 84 and the elastic device, the steering structure 84 is a plurality of groups which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape, and the upper ring 81 is driven by the limit strips 87 of the inner and outer drill cylinders 31 to move downwards by the up-and-down movement of the inner and outer drill cylinders 31 relative to the upper ring 81, and the distance between the upper ring 83 and the lower ring 83 is changed to drive the change of the first adjusting connecting rod 843 and the second adjusting connecting rod 844 to match the guiding effect of the cutter guiding component 845, so as to drive the cutter 851 to rotate to extend out in different ways.
In the present embodiment, the cutter assembly 85 includes a cutter 851 disposed below and between the first and second adjusting links 843 and 844, and an adjusting groove 852 disposed in the cutter 851; a fixing column 853 is connected and installed below the first adjusting connecting rod 843, and the bottom of the fixing column 853 penetrates through one end of the cutter 851 and is in sliding connection with a lower ring groove 854 arranged on the lower ring 83; a slider 855 is connected below the second adjusting link 844, and the slider 855 is composed of a connecting column 856 and a guide post 857 arranged below the connecting column 856; the bottom of the second adjusting link 844 is connected with the connecting column 856, and the guide column 857 is slidably mounted in the adjusting groove 852 to realize the sliding of the first adjusting link 843 and the second adjusting link 844; specifically, the distance between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 is reduced to drive the fixing column 853 of the first adjusting connecting rod 843 to approach each other along the groove of the lower ring 83, and the sliding block 855 of the second adjusting connecting rod 844 to approach each other along the key groove 8411 and the adjusting groove 852 of the cutter 851; go up, distance grow between the lower ring 83, the fixed column 853 that drives first adjusting connecting rod 843 is along the lower ring 83 groove, the slider 855 of second adjusting connecting rod 844 is kept away from each other along keyway 8411 and the adjustment tank 852 of cutter 851, and then drive cutter 851 and turn to stretch out the change and realize circumscribed and the inscribe of soil, the problem of drill bit 3 drilling difficulty under the different operating mode states has been solved, turn to the difference of stretching out the angle through the cutter, the guide to bold soil has been realized through the precession mode of constantly turning up, the problem that bold soil piles up and can not in time be discharged at the position of creeping into has been solved.
In this embodiment, the rotating structure 86 includes a plurality of limit connecting rods 861 disposed on the upper ring 81, and the limit connecting rods 861 are annularly and uniformly distributed; and the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are respectively provided with a limit groove 862 which is matched with a limit connecting rod 861 structure and is vertically arranged, one end of the inner side of the limit connecting rod 861 is in sliding connection with the limit groove 862 of the inner drill cylinder 32, one end of the outer side of the limit connecting rod 861 is in sliding connection with the limit groove 862 of the outer drill cylinder 31 to keep synchronous rotation, meanwhile, the connection between the outer drill cylinder 31 and the inner drill cylinder 32 and the adjusting structure 8 respectively keeps synchronous rotation through the matching of the limit connecting rod 861 and the limit groove 862, and further, after the steering structure 84 drives the cutter 851 to extend out, the cutter 851 is driven to synchronously rotate to cut a soil layer below the drill cylinder which is prevented from descending slowly.
In this embodiment, the connection structure 7 includes an inner groove plate 71 vertically disposed on the outer side wall of the inner drill cylinder 32 and a connection plate 72 vertically disposed on the inner wall of the outer drill cylinder 31, and the connection plate 72 is provided with a chute 73, the inner groove plate 71 and the chute 73 are mounted in a matching manner and are M groups uniformly distributed, M is greater than or equal to 3, and the top ends of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are both provided with a material port 37, so that the relative sliding caused by the obstruction of drilling below any one of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 is realized while the synchronous rotation of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 is ensured, and the mutual connection and synchronous rotation of the inner drill cylinder 32, the adjustment structure 8 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are further realized; when the lower end surfaces of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are stressed consistently, the inner drill cylinder 32, the outer drill cylinder 31 and the adjusting structure 8 synchronously rotate, and drilling and sampling are performed downwards consistently.
In the embodiment, a protecting device 9 for protecting the adjusting structure 8 is further arranged at the bottom ends of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 and below the adjusting structure 8, and the protecting device 9 comprises a flat groove 91 arranged at the bottom of the inner drill cylinder 32 and a cutting plate 92 arranged in the flat groove 91; the lower end face of the cutting plate 92 is provided with cutting teeth 93, one end of the cutting plate 92 is rotatably connected with the flat slot 91 through a short shaft, and the return is realized through a reset torsion spring; the protection devices 9 are distributed in multiple groups uniformly, and the structure of the protection device 9 of the outer drill cylinder 31 is the same as that of the protection device 9 of the inner drill cylinder 32; the cutting plates 92 of the outer drilling barrel 31 protection device 9 and the cutting plates 92 of the inner drilling barrel 32 protection device 9 are arranged oppositely and distributed at intervals; in the initial state, the cutting plate 92 is horizontally arranged and synchronously rotates to realize soil drilling in the area below the adjusting structure 8, the cutting plate 92 can rotate downwards but cannot rotate upwards, and after the cutting plate 92 rotates downwards due to extrusion force, the cutting plate 92 returns to the initial state through the reset torsion spring on the short shaft along with the return of the inner drill cylinder 32 or the outer drill cylinder 31, namely, the cutting plate 92 keeps the horizontal position.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, elevating gear 5 is hydraulic telescoping rod 51, and hydraulic telescoping rod 51's top and support 1 fixed connection, the bottom is connected fixedly with drill bit 3, hydraulic telescoping rod 51 symmetry sets up the both sides at transmission shaft 2, motor 4 fixed mounting is on support 1, still be equipped with row material groove 36 at the lateral wall of drill bit 3, drive top cap 6 of drill bit 3 and then drive top cap 6 and drill bit through hydraulic telescoping rod 51 and realize holistic rising and decline, accomplish the probing, the sample operation, still be equipped with a plurality of row material grooves 36 at the lateral wall of drill bit 3, the hack for discharging soil probing below, guarantee the probing, the going on smoothly of sample.
In the embodiment, the top cover 6 is connected with the rotating shaft 33 through a bearing to keep relative rotation, an inner pressure spring 61 is arranged on the rotating shaft 33 between the top cover 6 and the inner drill cylinder 32, an outer pressure spring 62 is arranged between the top cover 6 and the outer drill cylinder 31, and the outer pressure spring 62 is arranged outside the inner pressure spring 61 to realize relative sliding; the outer side wall of the top cover 6 is also provided with a plurality of balls 63 which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape and are in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the outer drilling barrel 31, and the upper end of the top cover 6 is connected with the lifting device 5, so that the top cover 6 can move downwards or upwards when being acted by the lifting device 5 and can move relatively to the outer drilling barrel 31.
The working process is as follows:
in the initial state, as shown in fig. 12 and 13; the hydraulic lifting rod applies extrusion force to the top cover 6 to enable the drill bit 3 to move downwards to start operation, meanwhile, the motor 4 is started to drive the rotating shaft 33 and the transmission shaft 2 to rotate to realize drilling of the drill bit 3, under the matching effect of the external pressure spring 62 and the internal pressure spring 61, the lower bottom surfaces of the external drill cylinder 31 and the internal drill cylinder 32 are kept flat in an initial state, at the moment, the middle ring 82 is tightly attached to the limiting strip 87 of the internal drill cylinder 32 and the limiting groove 862 on the internal drill cylinder 32 on the lower side, all the protection devices 9, namely the cutting plates 92, at the bottoms of the internal drill cylinder 32 and the external drill cylinder 31 are in the same horizontal state, and the bottom surfaces of the external drill cylinder 31 and the internal drill cylinder 32 are in a cutting coplanar state.
As shown in fig. 14 and 15, when the outer drill cylinder 31 encounters the conditions of higher hardness of soil blocks in the lower area or other difficult drilling conditions, the outer drill cylinder 31 is blocked, and the descending speed thereof is lower than that of the inner drill cylinder 32; that is, the inner drill cylinder 32 moves fast, and at this time, the lower end surface of the inner drill cylinder 32 is in a state lower than the lower end surface of the outer drill cylinder 31, the inner pressure spring 61 and the outer pressure spring 62 are no longer synchronous, then the lower part of the inner drill cylinder 32 is unblocked, at this time, the inner drill cylinder 32 has moved downwards through the cooperation of the chute 73 of the connecting plate 72 and the inner groove plate 71, the upper and lower limit bars 87 of the inner drill cylinder 32 move downwards, the limit bars 87 start to drive the upper ring 81 to move downwards synchronously, the inner drill cylinder 32 moves downwards until the limit connecting rod 861 contacts with the top of the limit groove 862, the inner drill cylinder 32 drives the limit connecting rod 861 and the upper ring 81 to move downwards, and the upper ring 81 drives the lower ring 83 to move below the lower end surface of the outer drill cylinder 31 under the action of the adjusting pressure spring 12 and the adjusting tension spring 11.
And the middle ring 82 and the upper ring 81 approach each other, and further the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 approach each other, the distance between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 becomes smaller, the first adjusting link 843 and the second adjusting link 844 slide relatively and tend to approach each other, the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 give a steering force to the cutter 851 through the steering structure 84, specifically, the fixing column 853 of the first adjusting link 843 is driven to slide along the groove of the lower ring 83 formed on the lower ring 83, the slider 855 of the second adjusting link 844 slides along the key groove 8411 and the adjusting groove 852 of the cutter 851, the bottoms of the first adjusting link 843 and the second adjusting link 844 approach each other, the tops of the first adjusting link 843 and the second adjusting link 844 are rotatably connected, the second adjusting link 844 is slidably installed in the adjusting groove 852 of the cutter 851, the outer drill 31 is located above the inner drill 32, and the cutter assembly 85 outside the lower ring 83 is not blocked, then the second adjusting connecting rod 844 drives the cutter 851 to change direction and extend outwards while sliding, the cutter assembly 85 is positioned inside the outer edge of the lower ring 83 in a normal state, the non-hinged end of the cutter 851 extends outwards, at this time, a certain included angle exists between the cutter 851 and the lower ring 83 in the radial direction, the cutter 851 synchronously rotates along with the inner drill cylinder 32 under the action of the limit connecting rod 861 and the limit groove 862 to realize the external cutting operation of the cutter 851, so as to rotatably cut a part of the soil layer below the position where the outer drill cylinder 31 is difficult to drill, then the outer drill cylinder 31 normally works, the reset is realized through the action of the inner pressure spring and the outer pressure spring, namely, the bottoms of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are consistent, at this time, the distance between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 is reset through the action of the adjusting pressure spring 12 and the adjusting tension spring 11, namely, the distance between the upper ring 81 and the lower ring 83 is changed from small to large, and the first adjusting connecting rod 843 and the second adjusting connecting rod 844 relatively slide, and the cutter is far away from the cutter, so that the reset is completed, and the cutter is retracted.
The cutting knife 851 and the lower ring 83 extend in a certain included angle in the radial direction, and the cutting knife 851 is also in an inclined surface structure, so that the cutting knife 851 rotationally cuts the soil layer below the outer drill cylinder 31 and the rotationally cut soil layer is inclined by the inclined surface of the cutting knife 851 and the turning included angle of the cutting knife 851 to form a tendency of soil eversion, thereby preventing the soil rotationally cut by the cutting knife 851 from being accumulated below the outer drill cylinder 31 and preventing the outer drill cylinder 31 from continuously drilling downwards, so that the soil layer rotationally cut by the cutting knife 851 can enter the inner cavity of the inner drill cylinder 32 or the outer drill cylinder 31, and in the adjusting structure 8, a protective sleeve 10 is arranged below the position corresponding to the limiting connecting rod 861 to form a gap in an interval manner, and the gap corresponds to the position of the limiting groove 862 in the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31.
The lower ends of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 are provided with the cutting plates 92, the respective cutting plates 92 rotate synchronously along with the respective drill cylinders, soil layers below the adjusting structure 8 are cut off by the rotating cutting plates 92 through the cutting teeth 93, the cutting plates 92 which are uniformly distributed ensure that in the whole downward drilling process of the drill bit 3, the interference of soil below is avoided, the adjusting structure 8 can also drill downward synchronously along with the speed of the drill bit 3, in the using process of the drill bit 3, partial soil blocks can be stored in the inner cavities of the inner drill cylinder 32 and the outer drill cylinder 31 temporarily, the inner cavities are taken out along with the lifting of the drill bit 3, the self-adaption and the self-adjustment effects of the device are further improved, and the smooth drilling and sampling are ensured.
When the inner drill cylinder 32 meets the conditions that the hardness of soil blocks in the lower area is higher or other drilling depths are difficult, and the like, the descending speed of the outer drill cylinder 31 is higher than that of the inner drill cylinder 32, the outer drill cylinder 31 moves fast, and the bottom end of the outer drill cylinder 31 is lower than the bottom end of the inner drill cylinder 32, the outer drill cylinder 31 extrudes the upper ring 81 of the adjusting structure 8 through the matching of the limit slot 862 and the limit connecting rod 861 to drive the adjusting structure 8 to move downwards, further, the upper ring 83, the middle ring 83 and the lower ring 83 in the adjusting structure 8 are compressed by a spring to drive the first adjusting connecting rod 843 and the second adjusting connecting rod 844 to move, the second adjusting connecting rod 844 drives the sliding block 855 to move towards the outer drill barrel 31, and then slider 855 drives cutter 851 of cutter subassembly 85 to the outside removal, realizes that cutter 851 is to the regional breakage and the probing sample in outer drill pipe 31 below, and concrete theory of operation is the same with above-mentioned theory of operation, so the unnecessary repeated description.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy-saving environmental detection uses soil sampling device which characterized in that: the drilling machine comprises a bracket, wherein a vertically arranged transmission shaft is rotatably mounted at the center of the bracket, the lower end of the transmission shaft is connected with a drill bit, the upper end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the bracket and is connected with a motor, and a lifting device connected with the drill bit is further arranged on the bracket; the drill comprises an outer drill cylinder, an inner drill cylinder arranged in the outer drill cylinder and a rotating shaft fixedly arranged in the inner drill cylinder; the bottom ends of the outer drilling cylinder and the inner drilling cylinder are respectively provided with uniformly distributed drilling tools and sample feeding holes; a top cover which can slide relatively is arranged on the rotating shaft and above the inner drill cylinder; the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are connected through a connecting structure to keep synchronous rotation and can slide up and down; an adjusting structure is further arranged between the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder, the adjusting structure comprises an upper ring, a middle ring and a lower ring, and the lower ring is connected with the upper ring and the middle ring through elastic devices; a steering structure and a cutter assembly arranged on the steering structure are arranged between the upper ring and the lower ring; a rotating structure is arranged among the inner drill cylinder, the outer drill cylinder and the upper ring to realize synchronous rotation; limiting strips which are distributed at intervals up and down are arranged at the corresponding positions of the inner drilling cylinder and the outer drilling cylinder and are positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the upper ring, and the limiting strips extrude the upper ring to realize the relative sliding of the inner drilling cylinder and the outer drilling cylinder and the adjusting structure; and the distance between the upper ring and the lower ring changes and the action of the steering structure drives the cutter assembly to change in steering and stretch out for cutting.
2. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the steering structure comprises a first fixing rod and a second fixing rod which are provided with the lower end face of the upper ring, a first adjusting connecting rod and a second adjusting connecting rod are respectively installed below the first fixing rod and the second fixing rod through ball joints, a cutter guide assembly is further arranged below the second adjusting connecting rod, the cutter guide assembly comprises wedge blocks which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a base, the wedge rods penetrate through the base and are respectively connected with the wedge blocks on the two sides, one side of each wedge block is of an inclined plane structure, and the other side of each wedge block is of a vertical plane structure; a clamping groove matched with a wedge rod structure is further formed in one side of the vertical surface of the wedge block, a wedge rod pressure spring is installed in the clamping groove, and one end of the wedge rod extrudes the wedge rod pressure spring and is installed in the clamping groove; a key groove is formed in the base, a guide groove for mounting a cutter guide assembly is further formed in the lower ring, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves concentric with the middle ring are formed in the middle ring, and the steering structure and the adjusting pressure spring form a group and penetrate through the arc-shaped grooves; and protective sleeves are further arranged between the upper ring and the middle ring and between the middle ring and the lower ring, the protective sleeves are sleeved on the outer sides of the steering structures and the elastic devices, and the steering structures are multiple groups which are uniformly distributed in an annular manner.
3. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the cutter assembly comprises a cutter arranged below the position between the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod and an adjusting groove arranged in the cutter; a fixed column is connected and mounted below the first adjusting connecting rod, and the bottom of the fixed column penetrates through one end of the cutter and is in sliding connection with a lower annular groove formed in the lower ring; a sliding block is connected below the second fixed rod and consists of a connecting column and a guide pillar arranged below the connecting column; the bottom of the second adjusting connecting rod is connected with the connecting column, and the guide column is slidably arranged in the adjusting groove to realize the sliding of the first adjusting connecting rod and the second adjusting connecting rod; and the lowest end of the guide post is slidably arranged in the key groove, and the cutter is driven by a steering structure to change in a steering way so as to realize the external cutting and the internal cutting of the soil.
4. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the rotating structure comprises a plurality of limiting connecting rods arranged on the upper ring, and the limiting connecting rods are uniformly distributed in an annular shape; and the inner drill cylinder and the outer drill cylinder are respectively provided with a limit groove which is matched with the limit connecting rod structure and is vertically arranged, one end of the inner side of the limit connecting rod is in sliding connection with the limit groove of the inner drill cylinder, and one end of the outer side of the limit connecting rod is in sliding connection with the limit groove of the outer drill cylinder to keep synchronous rotation, so that the cutter is driven to rotate to cut soil.
5. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the connecting structure comprises an inner groove plate vertically arranged on the outer side wall of the inner drilling barrel and a connecting plate vertically arranged on the inner wall of the outer drilling barrel, a sliding groove is formed in the connecting plate, the inner groove plate and the sliding groove are installed in a matched mode and are evenly distributed M groups, M is larger than or equal to 3, and material ports are formed in the top ends of the inner drilling barrel and the outer drilling barrel.
6. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the protective device for protecting the adjusting structure is further arranged at the bottom ends of the inner drilling barrel and the outer drilling barrel and below the adjusting structure, and comprises a flat groove formed in the bottom of the inner drilling barrel and a cutting plate arranged in the flat groove; the lower end face of the cutting plate is provided with cutting teeth, one end of the cutting plate is rotatably connected with the flat slot through a short shaft, and the return is realized through a reset torsion spring; the protection devices are uniformly distributed in multiple groups, and the structure of the protection device of the outer drilling barrel is the same as that of the protection device of the inner drilling barrel; the cutting plates of the outer drilling barrel protection device and the cutting plates of the inner drilling barrel protection device are arranged oppositely and distributed at intervals; under the initial condition, the cutting plate is horizontally arranged and synchronously rotates to realize the soil drilling of the area below the adjusting structure.
7. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the lifting device is a hydraulic telescopic rod, the top of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the support, the bottom of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the drill bit, the hydraulic telescopic rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transmission shaft, and the motor is fixedly arranged on the support.
8. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the outer side wall of the drill bit is also provided with a discharge groove.
9. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the top cover and the rotating shaft are connected through a bearing to keep relative rotation, an inner pressure spring is arranged on the rotating shaft between the top cover and the inner drill cylinder, an outer pressure spring is arranged between the top cover and the outer drill cylinder, and the outer pressure spring is arranged on the outer side of the inner pressure spring to realize relative sliding; the outer side wall of the top cover is also provided with a plurality of balls which are distributed uniformly in an annular mode, the balls are in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the outer drilling barrel, and the upper end of the top cover is connected with the lifting device.
10. The soil sampling device for energy-saving environmental testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the elastic device between the middle ring and the lower ring is an adjusting tension spring, the elastic device between the upper ring and the lower ring is an adjusting pressure spring, and the adjusting tension spring and the adjusting pressure spring are uniformly distributed.
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| CN202111381117.5A CN113959777B (en) | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 | Energy-saving environment detection uses soil sampling device |
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| CN202111381117.5A CN113959777B (en) | 2021-11-20 | 2021-11-20 | Energy-saving environment detection uses soil sampling device |
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| CN114856555A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-05 | 西安石油大学 | Oil development creeps into sampling device |
| CN115478847A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-16 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质大队（山东省第一地质矿产勘查院） | Intelligent coal mine geological exploration device capable of uniformly sampling |
| CN116659939A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-08-29 | 河南中投建设有限公司辉县市分公司 | Assembled building grouting hole quality detection device |
| CN117825099A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-05 | 洛阳葛丰农业有限公司 | Soil sampling device is used in construction of high standard farmland |
| CN117825099B (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-05-10 | 洛阳葛丰农业有限公司 | Soil sampling device is used in construction of high standard farmland |
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| CN117825099A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-05 | 洛阳葛丰农业有限公司 | Soil sampling device is used in construction of high standard farmland |
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|---|---|
| CN113959777B (en) | 2022-09-23 |
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