CN113959661A - Method for detecting matching of weld coating of railway vehicle - Google Patents
Method for detecting matching of weld coating of railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113959661A CN113959661A CN202111045712.1A CN202111045712A CN113959661A CN 113959661 A CN113959661 A CN 113959661A CN 202111045712 A CN202111045712 A CN 202111045712A CN 113959661 A CN113959661 A CN 113959661A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010971 suitability test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013003 healing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle, which comprises the following steps: spraying a primer in a welding line, and polishing the welding line sprayed with the primer; coating a repairing agent on the surface of the primer to form a repairing agent layer; coating glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repairing agent layer in a scraping mode to form a reinforced putty layer; spraying an intermediate layer on the surface of the reinforced putty layer; spraying finish paint on the surface of the intermediate layer; carrying out a matching test on the coated welding line; and determining the welding line meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter. According to the invention, the coating parameters meeting the requirements of the weld joint of the railway vehicle are determined by coating the weld joint and verifying the matching of the coated weld joint coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle.
Background
The aluminum alloy automobile body can produce darker welding seam in welding process, and the substrate is heated because of the welding and also can take place deformation, therefore aluminum alloy automobile body self can't satisfy the requirement of roughness, need carry out the putty and make level the processing. But as the welding seam of the railway vehicle is deeper, although the putty can be filled, the coating quality can not be guaranteed at the later stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle, which is used for solving the defect that the coating of a deeper weld of the railway vehicle in the prior art can not ensure the later quality.
The invention provides a method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle, which comprises the following steps: spraying a primer in a welding line, and polishing the welding line sprayed with the primer;
coating a repairing agent on the surface of the primer to form a repairing agent layer;
coating glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repairing agent layer in a scraping mode to form a reinforced putty layer;
spraying an intermediate layer on the surface of the reinforced putty layer;
spraying finish paint on the surface of the intermediate layer;
carrying out a matching test on the coated welding line;
and determining the welding line meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter.
It should be noted that, after long-term construction process and coating failure analysis, the weld coating of the existing railway vehicle has corresponding problems, which are specifically as follows:
firstly, if the welding seam area is stressed excessively in the operation process of the railway vehicle, the filling putty cannot meet the deformation requirement due to poor flexibility, and the coating is very easy to crack.
Secondly, in order to ensure that the putty is fully dried, the thickness of single-time putty coating is not more than 0.5mm, so that multiple times of putty coating are needed in a deep welding seam area, the construction period is greatly prolonged, and the working efficiency is reduced.
Thirdly, if the welding seam area is narrow, the surface treatment and putty scraping coating difficulty can be increased, sealant is usually coated on the narrow welding seam area in advance in production, then coating is carried out, if putty is directly scraped on the flexible elastic sealant, the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the putty and the flexible elastic sealant is large, the brittle putty layer is easily cracked after the sealant is heated and deformed, the attractiveness of a vehicle body is influenced, the probability that the vehicle body is corroded is improved, and the overhauling difficulty of the rail vehicle is increased.
Fourthly, because the structure of the coating in the welding seam is complex, no effective welding seam coating matching detection mode exists, and the applicability of the welding seam coating structure is difficult to predict.
Therefore, based on the four prominent reasons, the coating quality of the deeper weld of the vehicle body is improved, the risk of cracking of the coating is reduced, and the requirement of the external operation environment of the vehicle and the normal overhaul period are ensured by providing the method for detecting the coating matching property of the railway vehicle.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of spraying a primer into the weld joint and polishing the weld joint after spraying the primer comprises:
after polishing the inner wall of the welding seam, spraying epoxy resin for forming the primer;
and after the primer is dried, polishing by using sand paper.
Specifically, this example provides an embodiment of spraying a primer in the weld joint, which is polished by 120# sandpaper, and then the mixed metal repairing agent is uniformly applied to the weld joint area by using a repairing scraper after cleaning.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the repairing agent is a metal repairing agent, and the thickness of the repairing agent layer is 6mm or less.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of the repairing agent and the repairing agent layer, the metal repairing agent has the characteristics of high hardness, no shrinkage, strong rigidity and the like after being cured and dried, the deformation amount after being heated is extremely small, and the deformation requirement of the upper-layer putty can be met to a certain extent.
Further, after the metal repairing agent is cured and dried, the surface of the metal repairing agent is pretreated to meet the adhesion requirement of a putty layer, and the risk that the coating falls off due to poor adhesion is avoided.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the applying a repair agent on the surface of the primer to form the repair agent layer specifically includes:
and after the repairing agent is dried, polishing the surface of the repairing agent layer, and smearing a layer of putty activating agent.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation method for coating a repairing agent on the surface of a primer, a thin layer of special putty activating agent is coated on the surface of a repairing base layer, a scraper is used for blade-coating glass fiber reinforced putty after the activating agent is dried, the thickness of the once blade-coating is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the total thickness of the once blade-coating is less than or equal to 2mm, after the blade-coating of the putty is finished, 80# and 120# abrasive papers are used for sequentially polishing, and after cleaning, an intermediate layer and a finish paint are sequentially sprayed.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of blade-coating the glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repair agent layer to form the reinforced putty layer specifically includes:
after the putty activating agent is dried, blade-coating the glass fiber reinforced putty;
and pressing the reinforced putty layer after blade coating to eliminate the gap at the bottom of the welding seam.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, an embodiment of blade-coating a glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of a repair agent layer is provided, and the step of blade-coating a glass fiber reinforced putty is that a metal repair agent cannot completely compensate for the defect of a weld joint.
Glass fiber reinforced putty is continuously coated on the periphery of the welding line, so that the load of the glass fiber in the putty layer can be uniformly distributed, and the volume shrinkage rate of the putty in the curing process is greatly reduced.
And moreover, the internal stress and stress concentration of the product are reduced, and the cracking of the putty layer is effectively prevented.
Furthermore, in the stress process of the welding seam area, the metal repairing agent on the bottom layer can bear certain load, and the glass fiber putty can disperse certain load, so that the risk of stress cracking of the coating is greatly reduced, and the protection quality of the coating is improved.
The bottom of the welding seam is completely filled when the metal repairing agent is coated, and the repairing scraper is used for pressing after the metal repairing agent is coated, so that the suspended virtual adhesion of the bottom is prevented.
Furthermore, after the glass fiber reinforced putty is polished, fibers leaking from the surface of the putty layer should be polished off so as not to affect the coating effect of the intermediate layer or the finish paint.
In a possible implementation mode, the metal repairing agent is completely dried at the temperature of more than 25 ℃ and then coated with the glass fiber reinforced putty, the interval period between the metal repairing agent and the putty is more than or equal to 5 hours, and the Shore D hardness of the dried metal repairing agent is more than 80; if the glass fiber reinforced putty is coated on some modeling areas or corner areas of the car body, smooth transition is required along modeling positions or corners.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of determining the weld seam meeting the preset coating requirement in the test of matching property, extracting the coating parameter of the weld seam, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter, the method specifically includes:
establishing a running environment model of the rail vehicle;
extracting the preset coating requirement of the driving environment model, and performing a matching test on the welding line according to the driving environment model;
and determining the welding line meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter corresponding to the driving environment model.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation method for performing a matching test on the coated weld joint, which includes establishing a running environment model according to a running environment of a rail vehicle, simulating an environment of the weld joint in use of the rail vehicle, performing a corresponding verification test to detect matching of a weld joint coating, observing whether the weld joint has phenomena of cracking, peeling, falling and the like, and determining that the coating of the weld joint meets a preset coating requirement in the matching test if the weld joint does not have the phenomena.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the compatibility test on the weld according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a first initial temperature, and cooling at a first cooling rate until the first initial temperature is reduced to a first target temperature;
after the first target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line;
and after the impact frequency reaches a preset frequency, preserving the heat of the welding line, and raising the temperature at a first temperature raising rate until the first target temperature is raised to the first initial temperature.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of performing a matching test on the weld according to the driving environment model, and the low-temperature vibration impact test is used for realizing the test of the matching of the weld coating.
In a possible embodiment, the first initial temperature is 25 ℃, the first cooling rate is-1 ℃/min, the first target temperature is-40 ℃, the first heating rate is 1 ℃/min, the temperature is cooled to-40 ℃ at-1 ℃/min, vibration is started after the temperature is stabilized, and the vibration test grade is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width is 30ms, positive and negative are respectively 3 times, heat preservation is carried out for 5.5h after the impact test is finished, and then the temperature is raised to 25 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/min.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the compatibility test on the weld according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a second initial temperature, and cooling at a second heating rate until the second initial temperature is raised to a second target temperature;
after the second target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line;
and after the impact frequency reaches a preset frequency, preserving the heat of the welding line, and cooling at a second cooling rate until the second target temperature is reduced to the second initial temperature.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides another implementation manner of performing a matching test on the weld according to the driving environment model, and the test on the matching of the weld coating is realized through a high-temperature vibration impact test.
In a possible embodiment, the second initial temperature is 25 ℃, the second temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, the second temperature decrease rate is 1 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, vibration is started after the temperature is stabilized, and the vibration test grade is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width is 30ms, positive and negative are respectively 3 times, heat preservation is carried out for 5.5h after the impact test is finished, and then the temperature is raised to 25 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the compatibility test on the weld according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a third initial temperature;
after the third initial temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
and after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line until the impact times reach the preset times.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides another implementation manner of performing a compatibility test on the weld according to the driving environment model, and the compatibility test of the weld coating is realized through a low-temperature vibration impact test.
In a possible embodiment, the third initial temperature is 25 ℃, the vibration is started, and the vibration test level is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width 30ms, positive and negative 3 times each.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing the compatibility test on the coated weld seam specifically includes:
determining the welding line which does not meet the preset coating requirement in the matching test;
replacing the types and/or thicknesses of the primer, the repairing agent, the glass fiber reinforced putty, the middle layer and the finish paint;
and coating the welding line again, and performing a matching test on the coated welding line.
Specifically, the embodiment provides another implementation mode for performing the matching test on the coated welding line, and by replacing the primer, the repairing agent, the glass fiber reinforced putty, the middle layer and the finish paint, the detection of various combination forms of the welding line coating is realized, and the welding line coating matched with the daily use of the railway vehicle can be accurately obtained.
One or more technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: according to the method for detecting the matching of the welding seam coating of the railway vehicle, provided by the invention, the welding seam is coated, and the matching of the coated welding seam coating is verified, so that the coating parameters meeting the welding seam of the railway vehicle are determined, the problem that the coating is cracked due to the fact that the existing welding seam coating of the railway vehicle shrinks or is stressed in the drying or operation process because of too thick extruded putty is solved, the risk of cracking under the stress condition of the coating is reduced, the repairing times are reduced, and the coating protection quality is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting the compatibility of a weld coating of a railway vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural relationship diagram of a weld coating in the method for detecting the matching of the weld coating of the rail vehicle according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10. welding seams; 20. Priming paint; 30. A healant layer;
40. reinforcing the putty layer; 50. An intermediate layer; 60. And (5) finishing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present disclosure provides a method for detecting the compatibility of a weld coating of a railway vehicle, comprising: spraying a primer 20 in the weld joint 10, and polishing the weld joint 10 after the primer 20 is sprayed;
coating a repairing agent on the surface of the primer 20 to form a repairing agent layer 30;
coating glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repairing agent layer 30 to form a reinforced putty layer 40;
spraying the intermediate layer 50 on the surface of the reinforced putty layer 40;
spraying a finish paint 60 on the surface of the intermediate layer 50;
carrying out a matching test on the coated welding seam 10;
and determining the welding line 10 meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line 10, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter.
In detail, the invention provides a method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle, which is used for solving the defect that the coating of a deeper weld 10 of the railway vehicle in the prior art cannot ensure the later quality, coating the weld 10 and verifying the matching of the coated weld 10 coating determine the coating parameters meeting the requirements of the weld 10 of the railway vehicle, solve the problem that the coating of the weld coating of the existing railway vehicle cracks due to excessive thickness of extruded putty and self shrinkage or stress in drying or operation, reduce the risk of cracking of the coating under the stress condition, reduce the repair times and improve the protection quality of the coating.
It should be noted that, after long-term construction process and coating failure analysis, the weld joint 10 coating of the existing railway vehicle has corresponding problems, which are specifically as follows:
firstly, if the welding seam 10 area is stressed excessively in the operation process of the railway vehicle, the filling putty cannot meet the deformation requirement due to poor flexibility, and the coating is very easy to crack.
Secondly, in order to ensure that the putty is fully dried, the thickness of single-time scraping putty coating is not more than 0.5mm, so that multiple times of scraping coating are needed in a deeper welding seam 10 area, the construction period is greatly prolonged, and the working efficiency is reduced.
Thirdly, if the welding seam 10 area is narrow, the surface treatment and putty scraping coating difficulty can be increased, sealant is usually coated on the narrow welding seam 10 area in advance in production, then coating is carried out, if putty is directly scraped and coated on the flexible elastic sealant, the thermal expansion coefficients of the putty and the flexible elastic sealant have large difference, the brittle putty layer is easily cracked after the sealant is heated and deformed, the attractiveness of a vehicle body is influenced, the corrosion probability of the vehicle body is improved, and the maintenance difficulty of the railway vehicle is increased.
Fourthly, because the coating structure in the welding seam 10 is complex, and no effective welding seam 10 coating matching detection mode exists, the applicability of the welding seam 10 coating structure is difficult to predict.
Therefore, based on the four prominent reasons, the coating quality of the deeper weld seam 10 of the vehicle body is improved, the risk of cracking of the coating is reduced, and the requirement of the external operation environment of the vehicle and the normal overhaul period are ensured by the method for detecting the coating matching property of the railway vehicle.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the steps of spraying the primer 20 into the weld seam 10 and grinding the weld seam 10 after spraying the primer 20 specifically include:
after polishing the inner wall of the weld joint 10, spraying epoxy resin for forming a primer 20;
after the primer 20 is dried, it is sanded with sandpaper.
Specifically, this example provides an embodiment of spraying a primer 20 into the weld seam 10, which is sanded with 120# sandpaper, and then cleaned and then uniformly applied with a repair blade to the area of the weld seam 10.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the healing agent is a metal healing agent, and the thickness of the healing agent layer 30 is 6mm or less.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner of the repairing agent and the repairing agent layer 30, and the metal repairing agent has the characteristics of high hardness, no shrinkage, strong rigidity and the like after being cured and dried, and has a very small deformation amount after being heated, so that the deformation requirement of the upper layer putty can be met to a certain extent.
Further, after the metal repairing agent is cured and dried, the surface of the metal repairing agent is pretreated to meet the adhesion requirement of a putty layer, and the risk that the coating falls off due to poor adhesion is avoided.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of applying the repairing agent on the surface of the primer 20 to form the repairing agent layer 30 specifically includes:
after the mending agent is dried, the surface of the mending agent layer 30 is polished, and a layer of putty activator is coated.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation method for applying the repairing agent on the surface of the primer 20, a thin layer of special putty activating agent is applied on the surface of the repairing base layer, after the activating agent is dried, a scraper is used for blade-coating the glass fiber reinforced putty, the thickness of one-time blade coating is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the total thickness is less than or equal to 2mm, after the blade coating of the putty is finished, 80# and 120# abrasive paper are used for sequentially polishing, and after cleaning, the intermediate layer 50 and the finish paint 60 are sequentially sprayed.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of blade-coating the glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repair agent layer 30 to form the reinforced putty layer 40 specifically includes:
after the putty activating agent is dried, coating glass fiber reinforced putty in a scraping way;
after the blade coating, the reinforcing putty layer 40 is pressed to eliminate the gap at the bottom of the welding seam 10.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, an embodiment of coating a glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repair agent layer 30 is provided, and the step of coating the glass fiber reinforced putty is that the metal repair agent cannot completely compensate for the defect of the weld joint 10.
Glass fiber reinforced putty is continuously coated on the periphery of the welding line 10 in a scraping mode, the glass fiber can evenly distribute load in the putty layer, and the volume shrinkage rate of the putty in the curing process is greatly reduced.
And moreover, the internal stress and stress concentration of the product are reduced, and the cracking of the putty layer is effectively prevented.
Furthermore, in the stress process of the welding seam 10 area, the metal repairing agent on the bottom layer can bear certain load, and the glass fiber putty can also disperse certain load, so that the risk of stress cracking of the coating is greatly reduced, and the protection quality of the coating is improved.
It should be noted that, when the metal repairing agent is coated, the bottom of the welding seam 10 should be completely filled, and after the metal repairing agent is coated, the repairing scraper is used for pressing, so that the bottom is prevented from being suspended and being insufficiently adhered.
Furthermore, after polishing the glass fiber reinforced putty, fibers leaking from the surface of the putty layer should be polished off so as not to affect the coating effect of the intermediate layer 50 or the finish paint 60.
In a possible implementation mode, the metal repairing agent is completely dried at the temperature of more than 25 ℃ and then coated with the glass fiber reinforced putty, the interval period between the metal repairing agent and the putty is more than or equal to 5 hours, and the Shore D hardness of the dried metal repairing agent is more than 80; if the glass fiber reinforced putty is coated on some modeling areas or corner areas of the car body, smooth transition is required along modeling positions or corners.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of determining the weld joint 10 meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the weld joint 10, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter specifically includes:
establishing a running environment model of the rail vehicle;
extracting a preset coating requirement of the driving environment model, and performing a matching test on the welding seam 10 according to the driving environment model;
and determining the welding line 10 meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line 10, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter corresponding to the driving environment model.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner of performing a matching test on the coated weld joint 10, in which a running environment model is established according to a running environment of a rail vehicle, an environment of the weld joint 10 in use of the rail vehicle is simulated, a corresponding verification test is performed to detect matching of a coating of the weld joint 10, whether the weld joint 10 cracks, peels, falls off or not is observed, and if the phenomenon does not exist, it is determined that the coating of the weld joint 10 meets a preset coating requirement in the matching test.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the suitability test on the weld joint 10 according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding seam 10 in an environment with a first initial temperature, and cooling at a first cooling rate until the first initial temperature is reduced to a first target temperature;
after the first target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the weld joint 10;
after the vibration duration reaches a preset duration, performing an impact test on the weld joint 10;
after the impact frequency reaches the preset frequency, the weld joint 10 is insulated, and the temperature is increased at a first temperature increase rate until the first target temperature is increased to the first initial temperature.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation of a suitability test of the weld seam 10 according to a driving environment model, and the test of the suitability of the coating of the weld seam 10 is realized through a low-temperature vibration impact test.
In a possible embodiment, the first initial temperature is 25 ℃, the first cooling rate is-1 ℃/min, the first target temperature is-40 ℃, the first heating rate is 1 ℃/min, the temperature is cooled to-40 ℃ at-1 ℃/min, vibration is started after the temperature is stabilized, and the vibration test grade is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width is 30ms, positive and negative are respectively 3 times, heat preservation is carried out for 5.5h after the impact test is finished, and then the temperature is raised to 25 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/min.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the suitability test on the weld joint 10 according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding seam 10 in an environment with a second initial temperature, and cooling at a second heating rate until the second initial temperature is raised to a second target temperature;
after the second target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the weld joint 10;
after the vibration duration reaches a preset duration, performing an impact test on the weld joint 10;
after the impact frequency reaches the preset frequency, the weld joint 10 is insulated, and is cooled at a second cooling rate until the second target temperature is reduced to a second initial temperature.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides another embodiment of performing a suitability test on the weld seam 10 according to a running environment model, and the test of the suitability of the coating of the weld seam 10 is realized through a high-temperature vibration impact test.
In a possible embodiment, the second initial temperature is 25 ℃, the second temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, the second temperature decrease rate is 1 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 2 ℃/min, vibration is started after the temperature is stabilized, and the vibration test grade is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width is 30ms, positive and negative are respectively 3 times, heat preservation is carried out for 5.5h after the impact test is finished, and then the temperature is raised to 25 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the suitability test on the weld joint 10 according to the driving environment model specifically includes:
placing the coated welding seam 10 in an environment with a third initial temperature;
after the third initial temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the weld joint 10;
and after the vibration time reaches the preset time, performing an impact test on the welding seam 10 until the impact times reach the preset times.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides another embodiment of performing a suitability test on the weld seam 10 according to the driving environment model, and the test of the suitability of the coating of the weld seam 10 is realized through the low-temperature vibration impact test.
In a possible embodiment, the third initial temperature is 25 ℃, the vibration is started, and the vibration test level is 0.532 (m/s)2)2HZ, vibration time 5h, immediately performing impact test after vibration is finished, and the peak acceleration of the impact test is 30m/s2Pulse width 30ms, forward and reverse 3 times respectively.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing the compatibility test on the coated weld seam 10 specifically includes:
determining a welding seam 10 which does not meet the preset coating requirement in the matching test;
replacing the types and/or thicknesses of the primer 20, the repairing agent, the glass fiber reinforced putty, the middle layer 50 and the finish paint 60;
the weld joint 10 is coated again, and the coated weld joint 10 is subjected to a matching test.
Specifically, the embodiment provides another implementation mode for performing the matching test on the coated weld joint 10, and by replacing the types and/or thicknesses of the primer 20, the repairing agent, the glass fiber reinforced putty, the intermediate layer 50 and the finish paint 60, the detection of various combination forms of the weld joint 10 coating is realized, and the weld joint 10 coating matched with the daily use of the rail vehicle can be accurately obtained.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "a manner," "a particular manner," or "some manner" or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or manner is included in at least one embodiment or manner of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or mode. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or modes. Furthermore, various embodiments or modes described in this specification, as well as features of various embodiments or modes, may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the matching of a weld coating of a railway vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying a primer in a welding line, and polishing the welding line sprayed with the primer;
coating a repairing agent on the surface of the primer to form a repairing agent layer;
coating glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repairing agent layer in a scraping mode to form a reinforced putty layer;
spraying an intermediate layer on the surface of the reinforced putty layer;
spraying finish paint on the surface of the intermediate layer;
carrying out a matching test on the coated welding line;
and determining the welding line meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter.
2. The method for detecting the coating matching performance of the weld joint of the railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the steps of spraying a primer in the weld joint and polishing the weld joint after the primer is sprayed specifically comprise:
after polishing the inner wall of the welding seam, spraying epoxy resin for forming the primer;
and after the primer is dried, polishing by using sand paper.
3. The method for detecting the matching of the weld coating of the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the repairing agent is a metal repairing agent, and the thickness of the repairing agent layer is less than or equal to 6 mm.
4. The method for detecting the matching of the weld coating of the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of applying the repairing agent on the surface of the primer to form the repairing agent layer specifically comprises:
and after the repairing agent is dried, polishing the surface of the repairing agent layer, and smearing a layer of putty activating agent.
5. The method for detecting the matching of the weld coating of the railway vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of coating the glass fiber reinforced putty on the surface of the repairing agent layer to form the reinforced putty layer specifically comprises:
after the putty activating agent is dried, blade-coating the glass fiber reinforced putty;
and pressing the reinforced putty layer after blade coating to eliminate the gap at the bottom of the welding seam.
6. The method for detecting the coating matching of the weld joints of the railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step of determining the weld joints meeting the preset coating requirements in the matching test, extracting the coating parameters of the weld joints, and marking the coating parameters as the preset coating parameters specifically comprises:
establishing a running environment model of the rail vehicle;
extracting the preset coating requirement of the driving environment model, and performing a matching test on the welding line according to the driving environment model;
and determining the welding line meeting the preset coating requirement in the matching test, extracting the coating parameter of the welding line, and marking the coating parameter as the preset coating parameter corresponding to the driving environment model.
7. The method for detecting the coating matching performance of the weld joint of the railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the step of performing the matching performance test on the weld joint according to the driving environment model specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a first initial temperature, and cooling at a first cooling rate until the first initial temperature is reduced to a first target temperature;
after the first target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line;
and after the impact frequency reaches a preset frequency, preserving the heat of the welding line, and raising the temperature at a first temperature raising rate until the first target temperature is raised to the first initial temperature.
8. The method for detecting the coating matching performance of the weld joint of the railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the step of performing the matching performance test on the weld joint according to the driving environment model specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a second initial temperature, and cooling at a second heating rate until the second initial temperature is raised to a second target temperature;
after the second target temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line;
and after the impact frequency reaches a preset frequency, preserving the heat of the welding line, and cooling at a second cooling rate until the second target temperature is reduced to the second initial temperature.
9. The method for detecting the coating matching performance of the weld joint of the railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the step of performing the matching performance test on the weld joint according to the driving environment model specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the coated welding line in an environment with a third initial temperature;
after the third initial temperature is stable, performing a vibration test on the welding line;
and after the vibration time reaches the preset time, carrying out an impact test on the welding line until the impact times reach the preset times.
10. The method for detecting the coating matching performance of the weld joint of the railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of performing the matching performance test on the coated weld joint specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the welding line which does not meet the preset coating requirement in the matching test;
replacing the types and/or thicknesses of the primer, the repairing agent, the glass fiber reinforced putty, the middle layer and the finish paint;
and coating the welding line again, and performing a matching test on the coated welding line.
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