CN111005051B - Preparation method of metal piece surface composite coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal piece surface composite coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN111005051B CN111005051B CN201811167335.7A CN201811167335A CN111005051B CN 111005051 B CN111005051 B CN 111005051B CN 201811167335 A CN201811167335 A CN 201811167335A CN 111005051 B CN111005051 B CN 111005051B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/04—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/06—Applying particulate materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal part surface composite coating, which comprises the following steps of (1) electrophoresis: putting the metal piece into an electrophoresis tank, adopting epoxy primer as an electrophoretic coating, switching on a power supply, firstly applying a first-stage voltage of 50-55V, painting, then regulating the voltage to 160-170V in a second-stage voltage, carrying out electrophoresis, and drying and curing to obtain the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating; (2) electrostatic spraying: firstly roughening the surface of the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating, then carrying out electrostatic spraying by adopting polyurethane powder, drying and curing, and obtaining the electrostatic spraying coating on the electrophoretic coating to finally obtain the surface composite coating of the metal piece. The method can simultaneously improve the protective properties such as the corrosion resistance, the aging resistance and the like of the surface of the metal piece, prolong the service life of the product, reduce the process control and equipment investment cost, and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal part surface treatment, relates to a preparation method of a metal part surface composite coating, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a composite coating formed by performing electrophoresis on the surface of a metal part and then performing electrostatic powder spraying on the surface of the metal part.
Background
At present, a rail transit road maintenance machine product generally adopts an electrostatic spraying mode to protect the surface, mainly adopts an electrostatic powder spraying mode to a metal piece, and has the advantages of environment-friendly process and higher coating surface hardness. The existing metal piece surface coating electrostatic spraying mainly adopts the following two modes: the metal piece is subjected to simple mechanical treatment such as polishing or sand blasting and then subjected to electrostatic powder spraying, or chemical treatment such as phosphating, vitrification and the like is adopted and then subjected to electrostatic powder spraying. The main process flow of the first mode is as follows: polishing or sand blasting, cleaning, electrostatic spraying, curing and checking. The powder electrostatic spraying mode is usually required to be adopted on the surfaces of cabinets of various chassis products and electrical control products, but in the production process, the powder spraying film layer is thin and the covering power is insufficient in the process of electrostatic spraying after sand blasting is adopted on part of the existing products, so that the appearance quality of the products is influenced, the metal surface has no antirust capacity after sand blasting, and the cracks and dead angle positions are easy to corrode. The main process flow of the second mode is as follows: degreasing, washing, phosphating or vitrification, washing, drying, electrostatic spraying, curing and checking, the scheme adopts the traditional electrostatic powder spraying process after phosphating or electrostatic powder spraying process after vitrification, is greatly influenced by weather, and a phosphating film is easy to damage in seasons with high humidity, so that the surface adhesion force after electrostatic spraying is influenced. Therefore, it is urgent to find new methods to improve the protective performance of the metal surface and prolong the service life of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide the preparation method of the metal part surface composite coating, which can simultaneously improve the protection performances such as the corrosion resistance, the aging resistance and the like of the metal part surface, prolong the service life of a product, and reduce the process control and equipment investment cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of a metal piece surface composite coating comprises the following steps:
(1) electrophoresis: placing the pretreated metal piece into an electrophoresis tank, specifically placing the pretreated metal piece into a cathode electrophoresis tank, adopting epoxy primer as an electrophoretic coating, switching on a power supply, firstly applying a first-stage voltage of 50-55V, painting, then entering a second-stage voltage, adjusting the voltage to 160-170V, performing electrophoresis, drying and curing after electrophoresis, and obtaining the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating;
(2) electrostatic spraying: the method comprises the steps of firstly roughening the surface of a metal piece with an electrophoretic coating, then carrying out electrostatic spraying by adopting polyurethane powder, controlling the voltage of the electrostatic spraying to be 30 kV-50 kV, enabling the polyurethane powder to be well charged with static electricity so as to be conveniently coated on the metal surface, then carrying out drying and curing, obtaining the electrostatic spraying coating on the electrophoretic coating, and finally obtaining a composite coating on the surface of the metal piece.
In the above preparation method of the composite coating on the surface of the metal part, preferably, in the step (1), before the power supply is turned on, the temperature of the electrophoresis tank is controlled to be 28 ± 2 ℃; and/or the painting is to perform electrophoresis on the metal piece respectively by inclining the metal piece by 30 degrees from left to right so as to complete painting; and/or the electrophoresis time is 5 min-8 min.
In the above preparation method of the composite coating on the surface of the metal part, preferably, in the step (1), the drying and curing temperature is 110 to 190 ℃, and the drying and curing time is 20 to 40 min.
In the above method for preparing a composite coating on a surface of a metal part, preferably, in the step (2), the surface roughening is performed by grinding and roughening with sand paper; and/or the drying and curing temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the drying and curing time is 30-40 min.
In the above method for preparing the composite coating on the surface of the metal part, preferably, the thickness of the electrophoretic coating is 20 μm to 40 μm, the thickness of the electrostatic spraying coating is 60 μm to 80 μm, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 80 μm to 120 μm.
In the above method for preparing a composite coating on a surface of a metal part, preferably, in the step (1), the pretreatment includes cleaning, oil removal, rust removal and phosphating.
In the above method for preparing the composite coating on the surface of the metal part, preferably, the cleaning process is as follows: cleaning the surface of the metal piece of the rust, the solid oil stain and the label residual glue in a mechanical way;
the oil removing process comprises the following steps: discharging internal air from the cleaned metal piece, removing oil in the deoiling liquid for 10-15 min, and cleaning to remove the deoiling liquid on the surface of the metal piece;
the rust removing process comprises the following steps: discharging internal air from the deoiled metal piece, then removing rust in an oxalic acid solution for 10-15 min, and cleaning to remove the oxalic acid solution on the surface of the metal piece;
the phosphorization process is as follows: firstly, performing surface conditioning treatment on the derusted metal piece for 2-3 min, activating the surface of the metal, after the surface conditioning is finished, firstly discharging the air in the metal piece, then performing phosphating treatment for 10-15 min, and then cleaning and removing phosphating solution and other impurities on the surface of the metal piece.
In the above method for preparing a composite coating on the surface of a metal part, preferably, the method further comprises the step (3) of checking: and (3) after the composite coating is prepared on the metal piece, an inspection procedure is carried out, and whether the appearance, the adhesive force, the glossiness, the chromatic aberration and the thickness of the surface of the composite coating meet the standard requirements or not is mainly inspected.
In the above preparation method of the metal part surface composite coating, preferably, the metal part is provided with a drain hole, the drain hole is formed at the end of a U-shaped groove or at the ground level of the metal part, and the diameter of the drain hole is 6mm to 8 mm.
The main innovation points of the invention are as follows:
the existing process usually adopts simple phosphorization or spraying powder after sand blasting, the performance is single, the use environment of the existing product cannot be met, when the surface corrosion resistance is ensured, the aging performance cannot meet the actual operation requirement, the pulverization phenomenon is easily caused in the operation process, or when the aging performance is ensured, the corrosion resistance cannot be met. The inventor finds the technical problem in long-term research work, comprehensively considers how to improve the protective performance of the metal surface and prolong the service life of the product, and in order to solve the problem that the protective performance and the service life of the product cannot be simultaneously achieved, the invention designs that a layer of epoxy electrophoretic primer is firstly made on the metal surface, and then a layer of polyurethane powder coating is coated, so that the product has the corrosion resistance and the aging resistance, the application requirement of the product is met, the service life of the product is prolonged, and the problems that the crack and dead angle are not coated, the corrosion is caused, the adhesion of a local film layer is poor and the like after electrostatic spraying due to high weather humidity are solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the scheme, the electrophoresis coating is prepared on the metal piece, and then the electrostatic spraying coating is prepared, so that the problem of low ultraviolet irradiation and aging resistance of the epoxy powder coating which is directly sprayed after phosphating is solved, the neutral salt spray test of the product is improved to 1000 hours from 396 hours after phosphating is adopted, and the problem of low ultraviolet irradiation and aging resistance of the epoxy powder coating which is directly sprayed after phosphating is solved.
(2) The scheme of the invention solves the problem that the seam of the welding part is rusted due to no anti-corrosion layer, and prolongs the service life of the coating.
(3) The scheme of the invention solves the problem of poor adhesion of the local film layer after electrostatic spraying due to high climate and humidity, and simultaneously reduces the process control cost and equipment investment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a composite coating on a metal sheet surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the metal part surface composite coating disclosed by the invention has the process flow as shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps of:
(1) cleaning: before a metal piece (particularly carbon steel) enters the tank liquor, the metal piece needs to be cleaned mechanically from floating rust, solid oil stain and label residual glue on the surface of the metal piece, and the metal piece can enter an oil removing tank after being cleaned.
(2) Oil removal: the cleaned metal piece is transferred to an oil removing tank, and the metal piece is lifted three times up and down after being completely immersed in tank liquor, so that air in the metal piece is conveniently discharged, and the oil removing effect of the metal piece is enhanced. After the air is basically discharged, the mixture is placed for 10-15 min (12 min in the embodiment), and then the mixture is transferred to a washing tank for cleaning, so that deoiling liquid on the surface is removed, and the rust removing tank is prevented from being polluted.
(3) Derusting: after the metal piece is degreased, the metal piece is hung in an oxalic acid solution to remove rust, and the metal piece is lifted three times up and down after being completely immersed in the bath solution, so that air in the metal piece is conveniently discharged, and the rust removing effect of the metal piece is enhanced. After the air is basically discharged, the tank is placed for 10-15 min (10 min in the embodiment), and then the tank is adjusted to a water washing tank for cleaning, the oxalic acid solution on the surface is removed, and the phosphating tank is prevented from being polluted.
(4) Phosphorization: after the surface of the metal piece is corroded and removed, the surface of the metal piece needs to be subjected to phosphating treatment, and before the metal piece is phosphatized, the metal piece needs to enter a surface conditioning tank to be subjected to surface conditioning treatment for 2-3 min to activate the surface of the metal. After the surface adjustment is finished, the metal part can be hung into a phosphating tank for phosphating, and the metal part is completely immersed into the tank liquor for three times of lifting up and down, so that the air in the metal part is conveniently discharged, and the phosphating effect of the metal part is enhanced. After the air is basically discharged, the electrophoresis tank is placed for 10-15 min (15 min in the embodiment), then the electrophoresis tank is adjusted to a water washing tank for cleaning, and the electrophoresis tank enters a spraying water washing station to thoroughly remove the phosphating solution and other impurities on the surface and prevent the electrophoresis tank from being polluted.
(5) Electrophoresis: the phosphatized metal piece is hung in a cathode electrophoresis tank, epoxy primer is used as electrophoretic paint, the epoxy primer is specifically polyamide cured epoxy resin primer, the temperature of the electrophoresis tank is controlled to be 28 +/-2 ℃, a power supply is switched on, a first-stage voltage of 50-55V is applied, 50V is selected in the embodiment, the metal piece is respectively inclined at an angle of 30 degrees left and right for electrophoresis for 2 minutes so as to be completely painted, the second-stage voltage is adjusted to be 160-170V, the voltage is 160V in the embodiment, and electrophoresis is performed for 5-8 min, and the voltage is 5min in the embodiment.
(6) Drying and curing: and (3) baking the metal piece in an oven after electrophoresis, wherein the baking temperature is set to be 170-200 ℃ for 20-40 min, in the embodiment, the baking temperature is set to be 200 ℃ for 30min, the temperature difference of the oven is guaranteed to be +/-2.5 ℃, and the electrophoretic solution on the surface forms a uniform and continuous coating after baking, so that the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating is obtained.
(7) Surface roughening: after the metal piece is completely cured, before electrostatic spraying, the electrophoretic coating on the surface needs to be polished and coarsened by No. 240 abrasive paper so as to enhance the adhesive force and appearance of the electrostatic spraying coating.
(8) Electrostatic spraying: and (3) carrying out electrostatic spraying on the roughened metal piece with the electrophoretic coating, wherein the electrostatic spraying voltage is adjusted to 30-50 kV, 40kV in the embodiment, so that the powder particles can be well charged with static electricity, and the powder is conveniently coated on the metal surface. The electrostatic spraying powder adopts polyurethane powder, so that the aging resistance of the surface coating of the workpiece can be enhanced.
(9) And (3) curing: after electrostatic spraying, a high-temperature curing mode is adopted, the temperature is set to be 180-220 ℃, the baking time is 30-40 min, in this embodiment, the baking is carried out for 35min at 200 ℃, wherein the temperature difference of an oven is ensured to be +/-2.5 ℃, and after drying and curing, an electrostatic spraying coating is obtained on the electrophoretic coating, and finally the metal piece surface composite coating is obtained.
(10) And (4) checking: and (4) after the metal piece is processed, entering an inspection process, and mainly inspecting whether the properties of the surface of the coating, such as appearance, adhesive force, glossiness, chromatic aberration, thickness and the like, meet standard requirements. Specifically, the metal piece with the composite coating on the surface is placed on an inspection workbench with the brightness of 500LX, the surface appearance is visually inspected, the appearance requires uniform color (the specific operation can refer to a manufactured standard sample plate), and after the surface coating is inspected to be qualified, the metal piece can be packaged and put in storage. When the surface appearance quality (such as glossiness, color difference and surface) of the metal piece does not meet the standard requirements, 240# sand paper is adopted for coarsening, and spraying is carried out again after coarsening. And when the surface adhesion of the metal piece does not meet the standard requirement, the surface coating needs to be subjected to electrophoretic and electrostatic spraying treatment again after paint removal.
The thickness of the electrophoretic coating is 20-40 μm, the thickness of the electrostatic spraying coating is 60-80 μm, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 80-120 μm. In the embodiment, the thickness of the electrophoretic coating is 25 to 30 μm, the thickness of the electrostatic spraying coating is 65 to 70 μm, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 85 to 100 μm.
According to the characteristics of track traffic products, the product is formed by welding in various structural modes, the product structure is complex, a plurality of U-shaped beam structures are arranged inside the product, and reasonable drain holes are needed during electrophoresis, so that the phenomenon that the surface of the product is corroded due to acid reversal after being baked due to the fact that electrophoresis liquid is not drained completely in time is avoided. In the test and application process, the hole opening of the fabrication hole is required to ensure that the diameter of the circular hole is 6-8 mm in principle, and the fabrication hole is arranged at two ends of the U-shaped beam.
And (3) performance testing:
the product of the invention has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, good aging resistance, long service life of the coating, good adhesive force and the like, wherein the results of the salt spray resistance test and the damp-heat aging resistance test are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of the properties of the composite coating on the surface of the metal part
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the metal part surface composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) electrophoresis: placing the pretreated metal piece in an electrophoresis tank, adopting epoxy primer as an electrophoretic coating, switching on a power supply, firstly applying a first-stage voltage of 50-55V, painting, then adjusting the voltage to 160-170V in a second-stage voltage, performing electrophoresis for 5-8 min, and drying and curing after electrophoresis to obtain the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating;
(2) electrostatic spraying: firstly roughening the surface of the metal piece with the electrophoretic coating, then carrying out electrostatic spraying by adopting polyurethane powder, controlling the voltage of the electrostatic spraying to be 30 kV-50 kV, so that the polyurethane powder can be well electrostatically charged to be conveniently coated on the metal surface, then drying and curing, obtaining the electrostatic spraying coating on the electrophoretic coating, and finally obtaining the composite coating on the surface of the metal piece;
the thickness of the electrophoresis coating is 20-40 μm, the thickness of the electrostatic spraying coating is 60-80 μm, and the total thickness of the composite coating is 80-120 μm.
2. The method for preparing the metal part surface composite coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), before the power supply is switched on, the temperature of an electrophoresis tank is controlled to be 28 +/-2 ℃; and/or the painting is to perform electrophoresis on the metal piece by inclining the metal piece by 30 degrees from left to right so as to complete painting.
3. The method for preparing the metal part surface composite coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying and curing temperature is 170-200 ℃, and the drying and curing time is 20-40 min.
4. The method for preparing the composite coating on the surface of the metal piece according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the surface is roughened by sanding with sand paper; and/or the drying and curing temperature is 180-220 ℃, and the drying and curing time is 30-40 min.
5. The method for preparing the metal part surface composite coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (1), the pretreatment comprises cleaning, oil removal, rust removal and phosphorization.
6. The method for preparing the metal piece surface composite coating according to claim 5, wherein the cleaning process comprises the following steps: cleaning the surface of the metal piece of the rust, the solid oil stain and the label residual glue in a mechanical way;
the oil removing process comprises the following steps: discharging internal air from the cleaned metal piece, removing oil in the deoiling liquid for 10-15 min, and cleaning to remove the deoiling liquid on the surface of the metal piece;
the rust removing process comprises the following steps: discharging internal air from the deoiled metal piece, then removing rust in an oxalic acid solution for 10-15 min, and cleaning to remove the oxalic acid solution on the surface of the metal piece;
the phosphorization process is as follows: firstly, performing surface conditioning treatment on the derusted metal piece for 2-3 min, activating the surface of the metal, after the surface conditioning is finished, firstly discharging the air in the metal piece, then performing phosphating treatment for 10-15 min, and then cleaning and removing phosphating solution and other impurities on the surface of the metal piece.
7. The method for preparing the metal part surface composite coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the step (3) of checking: and (3) after the composite coating is prepared on the metal piece, an inspection procedure is carried out, and whether the appearance, the adhesive force, the glossiness, the chromatic aberration and the thickness of the surface of the composite coating meet the standard requirements or not is mainly inspected.
8. The method for preparing the metal part surface composite coating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal part is provided with a drain hole, the drain hole is formed at the end part or the ground level of a U-shaped groove formed in the metal part, and the diameter of the drain hole is 6mm to 8 mm.
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| CN113426618B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-08 | 宁波环甬润保涂层科技有限公司 | Integrated bearing bush spraying process equipment and processing method |
| CN113430511A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-09-24 | 东莞市鹏为科技有限公司 | Surface treatment process for metal workpiece |
| CN117626261A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 靖江圣泰金属制品有限公司 | Surface treatment process for pulsator washing machine flange |
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| CN111005051A (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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