CN113959499B - Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof - Google Patents

Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113959499B
CN113959499B CN202111293482.0A CN202111293482A CN113959499B CN 113959499 B CN113959499 B CN 113959499B CN 202111293482 A CN202111293482 A CN 202111293482A CN 113959499 B CN113959499 B CN 113959499B
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贾永刚
朱宪明
范智涵
王林森
朱娜
胡聪
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Abstract

The invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment in deep sea mining, which is characterized in that a monitoring device is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-drop cover, the middle layer is an observation cabin, and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin. The monitoring device sequentially checks the performance of the monitoring and early warning station; laying equipment; working of the equipment; data transmission; analyzing data; evaluating the index; evaluating the model; monitoring and early warning; the working process of equipment recovery or maintenance. By the technical scheme, the deep sea mining working environment of the whole space and the whole period is effectively monitored in real time for a long time, and an evaluation method and early warning are given. The method fills the gap of the regulations of the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment remote monitoring early warning and evaluation method, adopts a communication path of a submarine-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, and can remotely monitor and evaluate the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment at the mobile terminal after being processed based on a large data platform, so that the monitoring early warning and evaluation are more convenient and faster.

Description

Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of submarine exploration and the technical field of marine engineering geology, in particular to an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment of deep-sea mining and an evaluation method thereof.
Background
The ocean exploration in recent decades shows that the ocean with the depth of thousands of meters contains abundant mineral resources, and the ocean has a plurality of types, huge reserves, extremely high grade and huge development and utilization prospects. The deep sea ore is rich in important elements of manganese, cobalt, nickel, rare earth and the like in industrial production, and the reserves are far higher than the reserves on land. If safe and efficient commercial exploitation can be realized and the influence on the marine ecological environment is well controlled, abundant marine minerals will become a substitute resource for onshore minerals in the future and meet the economic development requirements of the future human society. With the continuous development of research work in the field of submarine mining, the geological environment around the mining seabed is greatly influenced.
Since the 21 st century, due to the research and development of China in the field of deep sea submarine mining, a submarine mining environment observation networking with multiple groups and multiple measuring points is urgently needed to be established based on a large data digital platform technology in the future. Therefore, a conveniently, quickly, accurately and long-term monitoring networking commercially-applicable deep-sea mining seabed ecological environment monitoring device and an environmental influence evaluation method are urgently needed, monitoring early warning and safety guarantee are provided for the deep-sea resource exploitation and ocean engineering development environment in China, and the evaluation standard of the seabed ecological environment is more in line with the double-carbon target in China.
The invention patent application with the application number of 202010951681.5 discloses a geological environment monitoring system and a method suitable for deep sea polymetallic nodule mining engineering, and the monitoring system disclosed by the application is comprehensively limited by equipment and does not integrally describe a method for monitoring and evaluating environmental influence factors. At present, evaluation parameters aiming at the submarine ecological environment of deep sea mining are incomplete and inaccurate, most importantly, no evaluation method aiming at the submarine polymetallic nodule mining ecological environment of deep sea is available, continuous and effective work cannot be realized, long-term real-time remote monitoring and early warning of seabed-air-sky-ground cannot be realized, and a set of integral monitoring station device and a corresponding use evaluation method are not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment in deep-sea mining and an evaluation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep sea mining ecological environment is characterized in that the monitoring device is of a hollow frame structure and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is an anti-drop cover, the middle layer is an observation cabin, and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin;
The top of the anti-drop cover is provided with four hoisting rings;
the middle layer observation cabin body of the monitoring device is of a cubic structure and is divided into four layers from top to bottom, wherein the four layers are sequentially divided into a first observation layer, a second observation layer, a third observation layer and a fourth observation layer;
the system comprises a first observation layer, a sediment particle catcher, an ultra-short base line and a beacon, wherein an upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler, the sediment particle catcher, the ultra-short base line and the beacon are arranged on the first observation layer, a plurality of self-locking lifting hooks are connected to a frame at the top of the first observation layer, the sediment particle catcher is arranged in the center of the first observation layer in a penetrating manner, the upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler is arranged on the left side of the sediment particle catcher and also arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer in a penetrating manner, and the ultra-short base line and the beacon are respectively arranged on the right front side and the right rear side of the sediment particle catcher and arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer;
the second observation layer is provided with data storage equipment, acoustic communication equipment and data transmission equipment, the acoustic communication equipment penetrates through the center of the second observation layer, and the data storage equipment and the data transmission equipment are respectively arranged on the left back side and the right front side of the acoustic communication equipment and on the upper surface of the second observation layer; the data transmission device comprises a data processing device, the data processing device is connected with the data storage device, and the data transmission device is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array;
The seawater battery array is arranged at the central position of the third observation layer, the PH sensor and the methane sensor are respectively arranged on the left back side and the left front side of the seawater battery array and penetrate through the third observation layer, the natural potential probe rod is arranged on the right side of the seawater battery array, the top of the natural potential probe rod is placed on the self-adaptive buckle, and the lower part of the natural potential probe rod sequentially penetrates through the third observation layer and the fourth observation layer;
a natural potential probe rod, a high-precision pressure gauge, a thermohaline turbidimeter, a high-precision underwater camera, an underwater exploring lamp, a downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor are sequentially arranged on the right side of the fourth observation layer in a penetrating manner, the high-precision underwater camera and the underwater exploring lamp are positioned at the central position of the fourth observation layer, the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler, the thermohalite turbidimeter is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera, the high-precision pressure gauge is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera, and the natural potential probe rod is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera;
Sit end and bear cabin including preventing empting annular hoop, the top of preventing empting annular hoop is provided with square frame, be provided with the auto-lock lifting hook that a plurality of can observe the layer separation with the fourth on square frame's the top frame, square frame's four corners all is through the top of fixed connection bracing piece, the middle part fixed connection of bracing piece is on preventing empting annular hoop, the bottom swing joint of bracing piece has the seat end and bears the tray, there is self-adaptation balancing unit through connecting rod fixed mounting on preventing empting annular hoop's the centre of a circle position.
As preferred scheme, monitoring devices's fretwork frame construction adopts high-strength withstand voltage waterproof material.
Preferably, the anti-drop cover is made of a high-strength magnesium-iron alloy material frame.
As a preferred scheme, the observation cabin outer shell adopts a magnesium-iron high-strength alloy material frame.
As the preferred scheme, the self-adaptation buckle comprises 2 symmetrical semi-annular buckle main bodies and loosening screws respectively arranged on two sides of the self-adaptation buckle main bodies.
As preferred scheme, the material of semi-annular buckle main part is high-strength composite plastic.
As a preferred scheme, the self-locking lifting hook comprises a self-locking lifting hook body, the self-locking lifting hook body is of an E-shaped structure, the upper opening and the lower opening of the self-locking lifting hook body are of openable annular structures capable of accommodating upper and lower layers of frame rod pieces, a self-locking lifting hook connecting shaft is arranged at the top end of the middle of the self-locking lifting hook body, two closed circular arcs of the annular structures of the openable self-locking lifting hook body are connected to the self-locking lifting hook connecting shaft, and closed circular arc grooves which are mutually meshed are formed in the end portion of each closed circular arc and the upper end and the lower end of the self-locking lifting hook body.
As the preferred scheme, the bottom of the seat bottom bearing tray is fixedly provided with a seat bottom penetration probe, the center of the seat bottom bearing tray is movably provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the tail end of the supporting rod.
As a preferred scheme, the anti-toppling annular hoop, the square frame and the supporting rod adopt high-strength alloy frameworks.
An evaluation method of an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for deep-sea mining ecological environment comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): and (3) checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station: the external three-part main body frame of the monitoring station is separable, is connected by using a high-strength hook, and can open the top anti-drop cover for inspection and maintenance. The observation cabin 102 is used for installing and placing the monitoring sensor and the monitoring equipment, carrying out communication inspection on the acoustic communication equipment, then giving an instruction to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, operating according to a corresponding program, carrying out charging and discharging inspection on the seawater battery array, and carrying out working assembly after the seawater battery array is intact. And (3) hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection.
Step (2): arranging equipment: and confirming that the observation equipment is correctly arranged, hoisting the underwater observation equipment into water from top to bottom according to the integral sequence of the submerged buoy by using an A-frame crane of the scientific investigation ship, falling in a free-falling mode after the underwater observation equipment is horizontally stable and vertical, and arranging the underwater observation equipment by using a cable-free unhooking mode, wherein when the equipment enters the water surface, the equipment can be manually or mechanically unhooked.
And (3): the operation of the equipment: when the equipment touches the bottom, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command can be sent back to carry out long-term work.
And (4) data transmission: firstly, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-mobile terminal, and real-time dynamic evaluation index data is formed after the communication path is processed based on a large data platform. And obtaining the data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition images and the like.
And (5) analyzing data: according to the obtained data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like, the environmental influence factors during the exploitation of the deep sea bottom polymetallic nodule are further analyzed: hydrodynamic force, degree of disturbance of the sediment, dissolved oxygen, PH, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, redox potential, natural potential. The influence factors are comprehensively analyzed according to specific parameters provided by the equipment to obtain specific influence factors for exploitation of the deep sea polymetallic nodules.
Step (6) of evaluating the index: according to the influence factors influencing the exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic noduleElement: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, further establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1) Degree of disturbance of deposit: ( f 2) Dissolved oxygen (c)f 3) pH value of (A), (B), (C)f 3) Turbidity (turbidity)f 5) Salinity off 6) Temperature (c)f 7) Pressure (a)f 8) Oxidation-reduction potential (C)f 9) Natural potential (1)f 10) The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment. Wherein A is the turbidity of the water body, B is the temperature, C is the biological activity of the seabed, D is the biological diversity, E is the oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items in total, and the main influence relationship can be explained by a polynomial. Firstly, carrying out normalization and dimensionless processing on the influence factor data to display the normalization processing of the data:
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation. Normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; then, aiming at the processed data sets, confirming each level, determining the threshold value of each aspect index, and performing weight analysis according to the threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight proportion which accords with the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
whereina 1,……a 10The method comprises the steps of assigning weights (expressed by percentages and added to be 100%) for main purposes, and establishing an effective analysis weight structure according to key factors of specific indexes and specific data analysis results; f'And performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index to determine the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step.
And (7): and (6) evaluating the model. According to specific data of evaluation indexes, the deep sea mining ecological environment is divided into a multilevel standard (three or more odd-numbered types are required and can be determined according to requirements) according to the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard, the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multilevel standard (the odd-numbered type level standard more than three levels), accurate planning is carried out according to the disturbance severity, and the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment.
The experience level and each quality index of the quality of the seabed ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n j 。n i andn j the number of the evaluation index data and the number of the evaluation indexes are respectively, and the number of the indexes is 5. The lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade isNStage (odd class standard above three).
Each index value (as an abscissa) and the number grade (ordinate) of the deep sea bottom mining are in a monotonic relationship, and is judged to be the highest grade when the index exceeds a certain set threshold, is judged to be the lowest grade when the index value is lower than the set threshold, and is judged to be the medium grade when the index value is between the two types of limits, which is a function relationship that is limited in the upper and lower directions and has quick and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
Whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of an ecological environment quality grade model for deep sea mining, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For the model parameters, which are the main 5 parameters described herein, the following optimization functions were used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index can be analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and an odd number according to requirements. Finally, a specific final evaluation level value can be calculated.
And (8): monitoring and early warning: according to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors can be analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site can be focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm can be predicted and analyzed, and effective means can be rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, the expert can be asked to discuss the situation according to the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments.
And (9) equipment recovery or maintenance: when the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the equipment, the hook can be recovered by using the ROV underwater robot according to the coordinate indication and the station arrangement, the ROV can be hung to the upper anti-drop cover hanging ring, the ROV can be carried with the monitoring equipment to be upwards pulled and floated, and finally, the recovery is realized; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station with a separable structure, which can be assembled separately before being laid, can be replaced, checked and maintained freely, can reduce the internal and external pressure difference of the monitoring station through hollow-out arrangement after being laid, can be disassembled and maintained for the problematic part after being recovered, and has more convenient operation and long-term safe monitoring technical means; the bottom bearing cabin can be self-adaptive and level-adjustable, and the bottom penetration probe and the bearing device can effectively fit the bottom with the seabed. This design has combined boundary layer environmental monitoring device's advantage, and can lay for a long time, if there is not special circumstances, but recovery operation is not considered in sustainable work to once lay alright completion operation, with lower research and development cost and operation risk, satisfied submarine mining ecological environment's real-time supervision demand simultaneously, carried out real-time long-term effectual monitoring to the mining operation environment of full space complete cycle.
2. The communication mode of the invention makes up the blank of the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment remote monitoring and early warning, adopts the communication path of submarine-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, and can remotely monitor the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment at the mobile terminal after the processing based on the large data platform, so that the monitoring and early warning are more convenient and faster.
3. The evaluation method is designed comprehensively, overcomes the defects of the previous environmental monitoring evaluation method, fills the blank of the deep-sea mining ecological environment monitoring method, increases the living indexes of organisms and the influence on the surrounding water body in the mining process, relates to a physical ocean, biochemical, hydromechanical and other comprehensive evaluation system, and is an important supplement of the existing submarine mining ecological environment monitoring evaluation mode.
4. The design is simple in structure, the arrangement of the places can be observed at will, the equipment damage risk is reduced, the comprehensive use cost is low, the internal integration is simple, the marine geological environment monitoring station is an important supplement to the existing marine geological environment monitoring station at present, the monitoring of the deep-sea mining seabed ecological environment is of great significance, and the technical reference is provided for future monitoring and early warning platform networking.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the drop-proof cover;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the anti-slip cover
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main structure of the observation cabin;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first observation layer;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second observation layer;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third observation layer;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth observation layer;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a bottom deck structure;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the bottom pod structure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the self-locking hook in an operating state;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a self-locking hook in a released state;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a closed arc groove;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an adaptive plastic semi-annular snap;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a natural potential probe penetration process;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the working state of the natural potential probe;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a structure of a pedestal carrying tray;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the rotation of the tray;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a seated bottom penetration probe penetration process;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a seated position of the pedestal penetration probe;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the overall communication system;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of an evaluation protocol method;
wherein, the corresponding relationship between the reference numbers and the components in fig. 1 to fig. 22 is:
1-lifting a lifting ring, 2-upward speed measurement acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler, 3-sediment particle catcher, 4-ultra-short baseline, 5-beacon, 6-connecting self-locking lifting hook, 7-data storage device, 8-acoustic communication device, 9-data transmission device, 10-seawater battery array, 11-PH sensor, 12-methane sensor, 13-adaptive buckle, 14-natural potential probe rod, 15-high precision pressure gauge, 16-temperature and salt turbidimeter, 17-high precision underwater camera, 18-underwater exploring lamp, 19-chlorophyll fluorescence sensor, 20-downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler, 21-anti-toppling annular hoop, 22-adaptive balancing device, 23-rotating shaft, 24-a seat bottom bearing tray, 25-a seat bottom penetration probe, 26-a self-locking hook body, 27-a closed arc groove, 28-a self-locking hook connecting shaft, 29-a closed arc, 30-a semi-annular buckle body, 31-a loose screw, 32-a square frame and 33-a supporting rod.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, is set forth below. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein and, therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment and the evaluation method thereof according to the embodiment of the invention are specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 20.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment in deep-sea mining, wherein a monitoring device is of a hollow frame structure, and the hollow frame structure of the monitoring device is made of a high-strength pressure-resistant waterproof material. The monitoring device is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-drop cover 101, the middle layer is an observation cabin 102, and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin 103; this device is divided into the three-layer with instrument monitoring station, and the integrality of assurance equipment that the layered design can be fine prevents instability when equipment is placed, and equipment wholeness is higher, and the design of inner space does benefit to monitoring devices's internal integration.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, four hoisting rings 1 are arranged at the top of the anti-drop cover 101; the anti-drop cover 101 is made of a high-strength magnesium-iron alloy material frame.
As shown in fig. 4, the middle observation cabin 102 of the monitoring device has a cubic structure, and is divided into four layers from top to bottom, which are sequentially divided into a first observation layer 201, a second observation layer 202, a third observation layer 203, and a fourth observation layer 204; the design ensures the maximum observation efficiency and also improves the utilization rate of the internal space. The shell of the observation cabin 102 is made of a magnesium-iron high-strength alloy material frame and is of a high-pressure waterproof structure.
As shown in fig. 5, an upward speed measurement acoustic doppler flow profiler 2, a sediment particle trap 3, an ultra-short baseline 4 and a beacon 5 are arranged on a first observation layer 201, a plurality of self-locking hooks 6 are connected to a top frame of the first observation layer 201, and the sediment particle trap 3 is arranged in the center of the first observation layer 201 in a penetrating manner and has a function of capturing sediments in all directions in the sea bottom. The upward velocity measurement acoustic doppler flow profiler 2 is arranged at the left side of the sediment particle trap 3 and also penetrates through the upper surface of the first observation layer 201, and the ultra-short baseline 4 and the beacon 5 are respectively arranged at the right front side and the right rear side of the sediment particle trap 3 and arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer 201;
As shown in fig. 6, the second observation layer 202 is provided with a data storage device 7, an acoustic communication device 8 and a data transmission device 9, the acoustic communication device 8 is penetratingly provided at a central position of the second observation layer 202, and the data storage device 7 and the data transmission device 9 are respectively provided at left and right rear sides and right front sides of the acoustic communication device 8 and on an upper surface of the second observation layer 202; the data storage device 7 mainly collects and stores data, a self-service battery and an externally connected seawater battery array 10 are arranged in the data storage device 7, double power supply guarantee is achieved, and the working time is long and lasting. The data transmission equipment 9 comprises data processing equipment which is connected with the data storage equipment 7, a self-service battery and an externally connected seawater battery array 10 are arranged in the data processing equipment, double power supply guarantee is achieved, a data storage space is guaranteed, and the working time is long and lasting. Firstly, according to positioning equipment arranged on the upper portion of a first observation layer 201, the position of the positioning equipment is located on the first observation layer 201, the position of an ultra-short baseline 4 and a beacon 5 of the positioning equipment is corrected, then a data transmission system carries out simple processing on collected and stored data and transmits the data through an acoustic communication device, the data are transmitted to a sea surface buoy, then to an empty-based Beidou satellite navigation communication platform, then to an sky-based ocean monitoring platform, finally to a ground environment monitoring center big data platform, and finally are monitored in real time through a mobile terminal, and a data transmission path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground-mobile terminal is formed; the power supply device is a high-voltage-resistant seawater battery array 10, can continuously work, and the seawater battery array 10 can continuously supply power for a long time based on the existing device power and energy consumption. The acoustic communication equipment 8 realizes long-term instant communication, firstly, the equipment working data is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through the acoustic communication equipment 8, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the data is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, after the processing is carried out based on a big data platform, monitoring and early warning are carried out according to the existing seabed mining environment evaluation indexes, and finally, synchronous communication APP can be developed to carry out the display of real-time monitoring data result analysis.
As shown in fig. 7, a seawater battery array 10, a PH sensor 11, a methane sensor 12, an adaptive buckle 13 and a natural potential probe 14 are arranged on the third observation layer 203, the seawater battery array 10 is arranged at the center of the third observation layer 203, the PH sensor 11 and the methane sensor 12 are respectively arranged at the left back side and the left front side of the seawater battery array 10 and penetrate through the third observation layer 203, and the methane sensor 12 ensures early warning of shallow gas change in the submarine mining environment. Natural potential probe rod 14 sets up on sea water battery array 10's right side, and natural potential probe rod 14's top is placed on self-adaptation buckle 13, and self-adaptation buckle 13 includes the semi-ring shape buckle main part 30 of 2 symmetries to and set up the screw 31 of relaxing in its both sides respectively. The semi-annular buckle main body 30 is made of plastic. As shown in fig. 13 to 16, the adaptive buckle 13 is a device that can be adjusted according to the working requirement of the probe, the adaptive buckle 13 is adjusted according to the state of the probe during operation, firstly, the working principle of the adaptive buckle 13 is according to the gravity of the natural potential probe 14, the probe and the buckle move in a certain space during installation, when the device enters water, the probe will penetrate into the seabed due to the gravity, and the buckle will block the end of the probe at this time, so as to ensure that the probe no longer moves, and when the device penetrates into the seabed, the buckle will block the probe, so as to ensure that the natural potential probe 14 can monitor the dynamic change of the boundary layer of the seabed in real time. The erosion deposition process of the seabed can be conveniently monitored in the bottoming process, and the change of the boundary region of the seabed in deep sea mining can be further explored. The lower part of the natural potential probe rod 14 sequentially penetrates through the third observation layer 203 and the fourth observation layer 204; the main principle is based on the principle of natural potential difference of different environmental fields, and the dynamic and erosion deposition of the boundary layer of the seabed in deep sea mining can be monitored by utilizing the solid reference electrode of the natural potential probe without supplying power to the electrode.
As shown in fig. 8, a natural potential probe 14, a high-precision pressure gauge 15, a temperature and salinity deep turbidimeter 16, a high-precision underwater camera 17, an underwater probe lamp 18, a downward speed measurement acoustic doppler flow profiler 20 and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 sequentially penetrate through the upper right side of the fourth observation layer 204, the high-precision underwater camera 17 and the underwater probe lamp 18 are located at the central position of the fourth observation layer 204, and power is supplied by the seawater battery array 10. The downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler current profiler 20 is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp 18, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler current profiler 20, the thermohaline turbidimeter 16 is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera 17, and parameters such as temperature, salinity, pressure, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and the like can be observed. The high-precision pressure gauge 15 is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera 17, and the natural potential probe 14 is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera 17; compared with the prior design, the multi-parameter measurement of the PH sensor 11, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 and the like enables the evaluation index of the submarine mining ecological environment to be more comprehensive and accurate, and the evaluation standard of the submarine mining ecological environment, including the influence of submarine carbon source carbon sink and submarine physicochemical environment, aiming at the submarine microbial environment and the submarine physicochemical environment, is more in line with the double-carbon target of China.
First observation layer 201, second observation layer 202, third observation layer 203, fourth observation layer 204 can arrange according to the instrument, can be full-space observe monitoring station near sea area, make things convenient for whole signal reception and equipment observation, including sediment granule catch etc. can be very big make things convenient for the observation of instrument and have the beneficial effect to preventing unexpected striking etc..
The data evaluation method for the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station of the deep-sea mining ecological environment is more advanced than the previous method, and a set of evaluation rules covering the whole space and the whole time can be formed according to the monitoring results of the monitored flow velocity, the particulate matter concentration, the sediment flux, the sediment deposition direction, the sediment thickness, the interface flow velocity, the dissolved oxygen, the PH value, the water turbidity, the salinity, the temperature, the methane concentration, the chlorophyll, the water pressure, the oxidation-reduction potential, the natural potential, the underwater high-definition image and the like of the submarine mining environment, and the indexes can be verified mutually.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the sitting bottom bearing compartment 103 includes the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the square frame 32 is arranged above the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the self-locking hooks 6 which can be separated from the fourth observation layer 204 are arranged on the top frame of the square frame 32, the four corners of the square frame 32 are all arranged on the top end of the support rod 33 in a fixed connection manner, the middle of the support rod 33 is fixedly connected to the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the bottom end of the support rod 33 is movably connected with the sitting bottom bearing tray 24, and the self-adaptive balancing device 22 is fixedly arranged on the circle center position of the anti-toppling annular hoop 21 through the connecting rod. The device seat bottom is stressed more uniformly by the connection mode, the overall stability of the device is facilitated, the overall stability strength of the device seat bottom bearing cabin 103 is improved, and the deep sea bottom operation is facilitated. The observation cabin 102 and the sitting bottom bearing cabin 103 are both designed in a separable mode, monitoring equipment of an internal monitoring station is replaced and maintained in the aspect of the observation cabin and the sitting bottom bearing cabin, the frames can be connected through a high-strength self-locking structure, the tensile strength and the use performance are guaranteed, and the service life of the monitoring equipment and the equipment updating capacity are prolonged due to the separable cabin structure. As shown in fig. 17 and 20, a seat penetrating probe 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the seat carrying tray 24, a rotating shaft 23 is movably installed at the center of the seat carrying tray 24, and the rotating shaft 23 is connected to the end of the supporting rod 33. The rotating shaft 23 can move, and is matched with the self-adaptive level adjusting device 22, so that the rotating shaft is closely attached to the sea surface when bottoming is guaranteed, the equipment stability of the monitoring equipment is guaranteed, the rotating shaft is made of a high-strength pressure-resistant corrosion-resistant material, long-term monitoring operation can be normally carried out on the seabed with the uneven seabed, the whole device can carry out remote real-time communication, and a more advanced evaluation method for data of the in-situ monitoring device influenced by the submarine mining ecological environment is provided. When the tray contacts the bottom, the tray can be adjusted according to the inclination angle of the seabed, after the tray is seated due to gravity, the tray can be quickly attached to the seabed, then along with the penetration of the seated bottom penetration probe 25, the tray is attached to the seabed interface to be stable according to the self-adaptive horizontal adjusting device 22, and after the tray is stable, real-time monitoring work can be carried out. The anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the square frame 32 and the support rod 33 adopt high-strength alloy frameworks. The bearing of high temperature and high pressure environment is ensured, the tolerance of materials is ensured, a self-adaptive horizontal adjusting device 22 is arranged at a position 0.5m away from the seabed, the equipment is ensured to touch the bottom and prevent inclination, an anti-toppling annular hoop 21 is arranged around the bottom bearing cabin frame, and an anti-toppling effect can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the self-locking hook 6 includes a self-locking hook main body 26, the self-locking hook main body 26 is in an E-shaped structure, the upper and lower openings are openable and closable loop structures capable of accommodating upper and lower two layers of frame rods, a self-locking hook connecting shaft 28 is arranged at the top end of the middle portion of the self-locking hook main body 26, two closed circular arcs 29 of the loop structures of the openable and closable self-locking hook main body 26 are connected to the self-locking hook connecting shaft 28, and closed circular arc grooves 27 which are engaged with each other are formed in the end portions of the closed circular arcs 29 and the upper and lower ends of the self-locking hook main body 26. The locking device has the functions of rotation and locking, is simple, efficient and convenient to work, the end part of the closed arc 29 is provided with a groove, the opening and closing of the self-locking lifting hook 6 can be realized, and the overall stability after the closing is ensured.
Anticreep cover 101, survey cabin 102 and sit end bearing cabin 103 and all be separable design, conveniently carry out the monitoring facilities replacement and the maintenance of inside monitoring station, and the auto-lock structure of available high strength is connected between the frame, guarantees tensile strength and performance, and separable cabin body structure has increased monitoring devices's life and equipment renewal ability. The connection of anticreep cover 101, survey cabin 102 and sit end bearing cabin 103 use and be connected self-locking lifting hook 6, self-locking lifting hook 6 has both guaranteed the connection between each structure of device, by the convenient separation and the maintenance of having guaranteed equipment, 8 self-locking lifting hooks 6 on four directions of linking frame are fixed to self-locking lifting hook 6, self-locking lifting hook 6 will pass two parts frame member bind together, be connected upper portion and the frame of lower part through self-locking lifting hook 6 respectively, such design makes two parts of equipment can link together, the stability of equipping the structure and the separable attribute of equipping the structure have been guaranteed, the life and the equipment renewal ability of monitoring station have been increased.
The evaluation method of the deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station shown in fig. 21 and 22 comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): and checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station. The external three-part main body frame of the monitoring station can be separated and connected by using a high-strength hook. The top drop-off prevention cover 101 can be opened first for inspection and maintenance. The observation cabin 102 is used for installing and placing the monitoring sensor and the monitoring equipment, carrying out communication inspection on the acoustic communication equipment, then sending an instruction to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, operating according to a corresponding program, carrying out charging and discharging inspection on the seawater battery array, and carrying out working assembly after the seawater battery array is intact. And (3) hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin 103, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection.
Step (2): and (4) laying equipment. Confirm observation equipment and correctly set up, can use scientific investigation ship's A frame crane to follow the holistic order of submerged buoy from last hoist and mount into water down, according to the stable vertical back of level, the free fall formula whereabouts can use no cable unhook cloth to put, when equipment entered the surface of water, can carry out artifical or mechanical unhook.
And (3): and (4) working of the equipment. When the equipment is in bottom contact, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the communication is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally the ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command can be sent back to carry out long-term work.
And (4) transmitting data. Firstly, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system and then is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground mobile terminal, and real-time dynamic evaluation index data is formed after the communication path is processed based on a large data platform. Obtaining the data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, PH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like.
And (5) analyzing data: according to the obtained data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like, the environmental influence factors during the exploitation of the deep sea bottom polymetallic nodule are further analyzed: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential. The influence factors are comprehensively analyzed according to specific parameters provided by the equipment to obtain specific influence factors for exploitation of the deep sea polymetallic nodules.
Step (6) of evaluating the index: according to the influence factors influencing the exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, further establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1) Degree of disturbance of deposit: ( f 2) Dissolved oxygen (1)f 3) pH value of (1)f 3) Turbidity (b) tof 5) Salinityf 6) Temperature (c)f 7) Pressure (a)f 8) Oxidation-reduction potential (C)f 9) Natural potential (1)f 10) The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment. Wherein A is the turbidity of the water body, B is the temperature, C is the biological activity of the seabed, D is the biological diversity, E is the oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items in total, and the main influence relationship can be explained by a polynomial. Firstly, carrying out normalization and dimensionless processing on the influence factor data to display the normalization processing of the data:
Figure 557553DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation. Normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; then, aiming at the processed data sets, confirming each level, determining the threshold value of each aspect index, and performing weight analysis according to the threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight proportion which accords with the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
whereina 1,……a 10Establishing an effective analysis weight structure for the main assignment weight (expressed by percentage, and added to be 100%), according to key factors of specific indexes and by combining specific data analysis results; f'And performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index to determine the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step.
And (7): and (6) evaluating the model. According to specific data of evaluation indexes, the deep sea mining ecological environment is divided into a multilevel standard (three or more odd-numbered types are required and can be determined according to requirements) according to the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard, the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multilevel standard (the odd-numbered type level standard more than three levels), accurate planning is carried out according to the disturbance severity, and the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment.
The experience level and each quality index of the quality of the seabed ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n j 。n i andn j the number of the evaluation index data and the number of the evaluation indexes are respectively, and the number of the indexes is 5. The lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade isNStage (more than three stages)Odd class level criteria).
Each index value (as an abscissa) and the number grade (ordinate) of the deep sea bottom mining are in a monotonic relationship, and is judged to be the highest grade when the index exceeds a certain set threshold, is judged to be the lowest grade when the index value is lower than the set threshold, and is judged to be the medium grade when the index value is between the two types of limits, which is a function relationship that is limited in the upper and lower directions and has quick and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
Whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of the deep sea mining ecological environment quality grade model, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For model parameters, the main 5 parameters are described herein, and the following optimization functions are used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index can be analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and an odd number according to requirements. Finally, a specific final evaluation level value can be calculated.
And (8): and monitoring and early warning. According to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors can be analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site can be focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm can be predicted and analyzed, and effective means can be rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, the expert can be asked to discuss the situation according to the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments.
And (9) recovering or maintaining the equipment. When the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the service life, the hook can be recovered by using an ROV underwater robot according to the coordinate indication and the station arrangement, the ROV can be hung to the upper anti-drop cover 101 hanging ring, the ROV can be pulled upwards together with the monitoring equipment to float upwards, and finally the recovery is realized; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "plurality" or "a plurality" refer to two or more, and unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "connected", "mounted", "fixed", and the like are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present specification, the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The evaluation method of the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment is characterized in that the monitoring station is of a hollow frame structure and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-drop cover (101), the middle layer is an observation cabin (102), and the lower layer is a sitting-bottom bearing cabin (103);
the top of the anti-falling cover (101) is provided with four hoisting rings (1);
the main body of a middle layer observation cabin (102) of the monitoring station is of a cubic structure, and the middle layer observation cabin is divided into four layers from top to bottom, namely a first observation layer (201), a second observation layer (202), a third observation layer (203) and a fourth observation layer (204) in sequence;
the sediment particle capturing device comprises a first observation layer (201), and is characterized in that an upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler (2), a sediment particle capturing device (3), an ultra-short baseline (4) and a beacon (5) are arranged on the first observation layer (201), a plurality of self-locking hooks (6) are connected to a frame on the top of the first observation layer (201), the sediment particle capturing device (3) is arranged at the center of the first observation layer (201) in a penetrating manner, the upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler (2) is arranged on the left side of the sediment particle capturing device (3) and is also arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer (201) in a penetrating manner, and the ultra-short baseline (4) and the beacon (5) are respectively arranged on the right front side and the right rear side of the sediment particle capturing device (3) and are arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer (201);
The second observation layer (202) is provided with a data storage device (7), an acoustic communication device (8) and a data transmission device (9), the acoustic communication device (8) is arranged at the center of the second observation layer (202) in a penetrating manner, and the data storage device (7) and the data transmission device (9) are respectively arranged at the left back side and the right front side of the acoustic communication device (8) and arranged on the upper surface of the second observation layer (202); the data storage device (7) is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array (10), the data transmission device (9) comprises a data processing device, the data processing device is connected with the data storage device (7) and is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array (10),
the seawater battery array (10), the PH sensor (11), the methane sensor (12), the self-adaptive buckle (13) and the natural potential probe rod (14) are arranged on the third observation layer (203), the seawater battery array (10) is arranged at the center of the third observation layer (203), the PH sensor (11) and the methane sensor (12) are respectively arranged on the left rear side and the left front side of the seawater battery array (10) and penetrate through the third observation layer (203), the natural potential probe rod (14) is arranged on the right side of the seawater battery array (10), the top of the natural potential probe rod (14) is placed on the self-adaptive buckle (13), and the lower portion of the natural potential probe rod (14) penetrates through the third observation layer (203) and the fourth observation layer (204) in sequence;
A natural potential probe rod (14), a high-precision pressure gauge (15), a thermohaline turbidimeter (16), a high-precision underwater camera (17), an underwater exploring lamp (18), a downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20) and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor (19) sequentially penetrate through the upper right side of the fourth observation layer (204), the high-precision underwater camera (17) and the underwater exploring lamp (18) are positioned at the central position of the fourth observation layer (204), the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20) is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp (18), the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor (19) is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20), the thermohaline turbidimeter (16) is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera (17), the high-precision pressure gauge (15) is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera (17), the natural potential probe rod (14) is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera (17);
the sitting bottom bearing cabin (103) comprises an anti-toppling annular hoop (21), a square frame (32) is arranged above the anti-toppling annular hoop (21), a plurality of self-locking lifting hooks (6) separated from a fourth observation layer (204) are arranged on a frame at the top of the square frame (32), four corners of the square frame (32) are fixedly connected with the top end of a supporting rod (33), the middle part of the supporting rod (33) is fixedly connected to the anti-toppling annular hoop (21), the bottom end of the supporting rod (33) is movably connected with a sitting bottom bearing tray (24), and a self-adaptive balancing device (22) is fixedly arranged at the circle center position of the anti-toppling annular hoop (21) through a connecting rod;
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): and (3) checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station: three main body frames outside the monitoring station are separated and connected by using a high-strength hook; firstly, opening a top anti-drop cover 101 for inspection and maintenance, installing and placing a monitoring sensor and monitoring equipment in an observation cabin 102, carrying out communication inspection on acoustic communication equipment, then giving an instruction to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, operating according to a corresponding program, carrying out charging and discharging inspection on a seawater battery array, and carrying out working assembly after the seawater battery array is intact; hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin 103, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection;
step (2): arranging equipment: confirming that the observation equipment is correctly arranged, hoisting the underwater buoy into water from top to bottom by using an A-frame crane of the scientific investigation ship according to the integral sequence of the underwater buoy, after the underwater buoy is horizontally stable and vertical, falling in a free-falling mode, laying the underwater buoy by using a cable-free unhooking way, and performing manual or mechanical unhooking when the equipment enters the water surface;
and (3): the operation of the equipment: when the equipment is bottomed, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the communication is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command is sent back to carry out long-term work;
And (4): data transmission: firstly, transmitting equipment working data to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, directly communicating the sea surface buoy to a satellite communication system, then transmitting the data to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally forming a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground mobile terminal by a ground marine environment monitoring center, and forming real-time dynamic evaluation index data after processing based on a large data platform; obtaining flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential and underwater high-definition image data;
and (5): and (3) data analysis: analyzing environmental influence factors during exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule according to the obtained flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential and underwater high-definition image data: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential;
And (6): evaluation indexes: according to the influence factors: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, PH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1Degree of disturbance of depositf 2Dissolved oxygenf 3pH value off 3Turbidity of the solutionf 5Salinity of the waterf 6Temperature off 7Pressure, pressuref 8Oxidation reduction potentialf 9Natural potentialf 10The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment; wherein A is set as water turbidity, B is set as temperature, C is set as seabed biological activity, D is set as biological diversity, E is set as oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items, the main influence relationship is described by a polynomial, firstly, the influence factor data is normalized and subjected to dimensionless treatment to display the standardized treatment of the data:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation; normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; then, aiming at the processed data sets, confirming each level, determining the threshold value of each aspect index, and performing weight analysis according to the threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight proportion which accords with the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
Whereina 1,……a 10The weight is mainly assigned and is expressed by percentage, the sum is 100%, and an effective analysis weight structure is established according to key factors of specific indexes and by combining specific data analysis results;f'performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index to determine the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step;
and (7): and (3) model evaluation: according to specific data of evaluation indexes, dividing the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment into multi-level standards according to the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard, namely, the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard is divided into three levels or more, wherein the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multi-level standard, and the odd-level standards of the three levels or more are adopted, and accurate planning is performed according to the severity of disturbance, so that the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment;
the experience level and each quality index of the quality of the submarine ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n j ；n i andn j the number of the evaluation index data and the number of the evaluation indexes are respectively, and the index number of the method is 5; the lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade is NThe odd-number class standards of more than three levels; each index value is in a monotonous relation between the abscissa as the abscissa and the ordinate as the quantity grade of the deep sea bottom mining, is judged to be the highest grade when the index exceeds a certain set threshold, is judged to be the lowest grade when the index value is lower than the set threshold, and is judged to be the medium grade when the index value is between the two types of limit values, and the function relation is limited up and down and has quick and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of the deep sea mining ecological environment quality grade model, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For the model parameters, here the main 5 parameters, the following optimization functions were used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index is analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and odd according to requirements; finally, calculating to obtain a specific final value of the evaluation grade;
and (8): monitoring and early warning: according to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors are analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site is focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm is predicted and analyzed, and effective means are rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, according to the situation, the relevant experts are asked to discuss the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments;
And (9): equipment recovery or maintenance: when the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the service life, according to the coordinate indication and station arrangement, the ROV underwater robot is used for recovering the hook, the ROV is hung to the upper anti-drop cover 101 lifting ring, the monitoring equipment is driven to upwards pull and float, and finally recovery is achieved; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
2. The evaluation method of the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive buckle (13) comprises 2 symmetrical semi-annular buckle bodies (30) and loosening screws (31) respectively arranged at two sides of the adaptive buckle bodies.
3. The evaluation method of the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the ecological environment of deep sea mining according to claim 1, wherein the self-locking hook (6) comprises a self-locking hook body (26), the self-locking hook body (26) is of an E-shaped structure, the upper opening and the lower opening of the self-locking hook body are of openable and closable annular structures capable of accommodating upper and lower two layers of frame rods, a self-locking hook connecting shaft (28) is arranged at the top end of the middle part of the self-locking hook body (26), two closed circular arcs (29) of the annular structures of the openable and closable self-locking hook body (26) are connected to the self-locking hook connecting shaft (28), and closed circular arc grooves (27) which are meshed with each other are formed in the end part of the closed circular arcs (29) and the upper end and the lower end of the self-locking hook body (26).
4. The evaluation method for the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, wherein a seat penetrating probe (25) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the seat bearing tray (24), a rotating shaft (23) is movably installed at the center of the seat bearing tray (24), and the rotating shaft (23) is connected to the tail end of the supporting rod (33).
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