CN113959499A - Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof - Google Patents

Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113959499A
CN113959499A CN202111293482.0A CN202111293482A CN113959499A CN 113959499 A CN113959499 A CN 113959499A CN 202111293482 A CN202111293482 A CN 202111293482A CN 113959499 A CN113959499 A CN 113959499A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
equipment
data
deep
ecological environment
sea
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202111293482.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113959499B (en
Inventor
贾永刚
朱宪明
范智涵
王林森
朱娜
胡聪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ocean University of China
Original Assignee
Ocean University of China
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ocean University of China filed Critical Ocean University of China
Priority to CN202111293482.0A priority Critical patent/CN113959499B/en
Publication of CN113959499A publication Critical patent/CN113959499A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113959499B publication Critical patent/CN113959499B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment in deep sea mining, which is characterized in that a monitoring device is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-drop cover, the middle layer is an observation cabin, and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin. The monitoring device sequentially checks the performance of the monitoring and early warning station; laying equipment; working of the equipment; data transmission; analyzing data; evaluating the index; evaluating the model; monitoring and early warning; the working process of equipment recovery or maintenance. By the technical scheme, the deep sea mining operation environment of the whole space and the whole period is effectively monitored in real time for a long time, and an evaluation method and early warning are given. The method fills the gap of the regulations of the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment remote monitoring early warning and evaluation method, adopts a communication path of a submarine-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, and can remotely monitor and evaluate the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment at the mobile terminal after being processed based on a large data platform, so that the monitoring early warning and evaluation are more convenient and faster.

Description

Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of submarine exploration and the technical field of marine engineering geology, in particular to an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment of deep-sea mining and an evaluation method thereof.
Background
The ocean exploration in recent decades shows that the ocean with the depth of thousands of meters contains abundant mineral resources, and the ocean has a plurality of types, huge reserves, extremely high grade and huge development and utilization prospects. The deep sea ore is rich in important elements of manganese, cobalt, nickel, rare earth and the like in industrial production, and the reserves are far higher than the reserves on land. If safe and efficient commercial exploitation can be realized and the influence on the marine ecological environment is well controlled, abundant marine minerals will become a substitute resource for onshore minerals in the future and meet the economic development requirements of the future human society. With the continuous development of research work in the field of submarine mining, the geological environment around the mining seabed is greatly influenced.
Since the 21 st century, due to the research and development of China in the field of deep sea submarine mining, a submarine mining environment observation networking with multiple groups and multiple measuring points is urgently needed to be established based on a large data digital platform technology in the future. Therefore, a conveniently, quickly, accurately and long-term monitoring networking commercially-applicable deep-sea mining seabed ecological environment monitoring device and an environmental influence evaluation method are urgently needed, monitoring early warning and safety guarantee are provided for the deep-sea resource exploitation and ocean engineering development environment in China, and evaluation of the seabed ecological environment is achieved.
The invention patent application with the application number of 202010951681.5 discloses a geological environment monitoring system and a method suitable for deep sea polymetallic nodule mining engineering. At present, evaluation parameters aiming at the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment are incomplete and inaccurate, and most importantly, no evaluation method aiming at the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule mining ecological environment exists, continuous and effective work can not be realized, long-term real-time remote monitoring and early warning of seabed-air-sky-ground can not be realized, and a set of integral monitoring station device and a corresponding use evaluation method are not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment and an evaluation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment is characterized in that the monitoring device is of a hollow frame structure and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-falling cover, the middle layer is an observation cabin, and the lower layer is a sitting-bottom bearing cabin;
the top of the anti-drop cover is provided with four hoisting rings;
the middle layer observation cabin body of the monitoring device is of a cubic structure and is divided into four layers from top to bottom, wherein the four layers are sequentially divided into a first observation layer, a second observation layer, a third observation layer and a fourth observation layer;
the device comprises a first observation layer, a sediment particle catcher, an ultra-short base line and a beacon, wherein the first observation layer is provided with an upward speed measurement acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler, the sediment particle catcher, the ultra-short base line and the beacon;
the second observation layer is provided with data storage equipment, acoustic communication equipment and data transmission equipment, the acoustic communication equipment is arranged at the center of the second observation layer in a penetrating manner, and the data storage equipment and the data transmission equipment are respectively arranged on the left back side and the right front side of the acoustic communication equipment and on the upper surface of the second observation layer; the data transmission device comprises a data processing device, the data processing device is connected with the data storage device, and the data processing device is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array;
the seawater battery array is arranged at the central position of the third observation layer, the PH sensor and the methane sensor are respectively arranged on the left rear side and the left front side of the seawater battery array and penetrate through the third observation layer, the natural potential probe rod is arranged on the right side of the seawater battery array, the top of the natural potential probe rod is placed on the self-adaptive buckle, and the lower part of the natural potential probe rod penetrates through the third observation layer and the fourth observation layer in sequence;
a natural potential probe rod, a high-precision pressure gauge, a thermohaline turbidimeter, a high-precision underwater camera, an underwater exploring lamp, a downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor sequentially penetrate through the upper right side of the fourth observation layer, the high-precision underwater camera and the underwater exploring lamp are positioned at the central position of the fourth observation layer, the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow profiler, the thermohaline turbidimeter is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera, the high-precision pressure gauge is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera, and the natural potential probe rod is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera;
sit end and bear cabin including preventing empting annular hoop, the top of preventing empting annular hoop is provided with square frame, be provided with the auto-lock lifting hook that a plurality of can observe the layer separation with the fourth on square frame's the top frame, square frame's four corners all is through the top of fixed connection bracing piece, the middle part fixed connection of bracing piece is on preventing empting annular hoop, the bottom swing joint of bracing piece has the seat end and bears the tray, there is self-adaptation balancing unit through connecting rod fixed mounting on preventing empting annular hoop's the centre of a circle position.
As preferred scheme, monitoring devices's fretwork frame construction adopts high-strength withstand voltage waterproof material.
Preferably, the anti-drop cover is made of a high-strength magnesium-iron alloy material frame.
As a preferred scheme, the observation cabin outer shell adopts a magnesium-iron high-strength alloy material frame.
As the preferred scheme, the self-adaptation buckle comprises 2 symmetrical semi-annular buckle main bodies and loosening screws respectively arranged on two sides of the self-adaptation buckle main bodies.
As preferred scheme, the material of semi-annular buckle main part is high-strength composite plastic.
According to the preferable scheme, the self-locking lifting hook comprises a self-locking lifting hook main body, the self-locking lifting hook main body is of an E-shaped structure, the upper opening and the lower opening of the self-locking lifting hook main body are of an openable annular structure capable of accommodating an upper layer of frame rod piece and a lower layer of frame rod piece, a self-locking lifting hook connecting shaft is arranged at the top end of the middle of the self-locking lifting hook main body, two closed circular arcs of the openable self-locking lifting hook main body annular structure are connected to the self-locking lifting hook connecting shaft, and the end parts of the closed circular arcs and the upper end and the lower end of the self-locking lifting hook main body are provided with mutual occlusion grooves.
As the preferred scheme, the bottom of the seat bottom bearing tray is fixedly provided with a seat bottom penetration probe, the center of the seat bottom bearing tray is movably provided with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the tail end of the supporting rod.
As a preferred scheme, the anti-toppling annular hoop, the square frame and the supporting rod adopt high-strength alloy frameworks.
An evaluation method of an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for deep-sea mining ecological environment comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): and (3) checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station: the external three-part main body frame of the monitoring station is separable, is connected by using a high-strength hook, and can open the top anti-drop cover for inspection and maintenance. The observation cabin 102 is used for installing and placing the monitoring sensor and the monitoring equipment, carrying out communication inspection on the acoustic communication equipment, then sending an instruction to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, operating according to a corresponding program, carrying out charging and discharging inspection on the seawater battery array, and carrying out working assembly after the seawater battery array is intact. And (3) hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection.
Step (2): arranging equipment: confirm observation equipment and correctly set up, can use scientific investigation ship's A frame crane to follow the holistic order of submerged buoy from last hoist and mount into water down, according to the stable vertical back of level, the free fall formula whereabouts can use no cable unhook cloth to put, when equipment entered the surface of water, can carry out artifical or mechanical unhook.
And (3): the operation of the equipment: when the equipment is in bottom contact, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the communication is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally the ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command can be sent back to carry out long-term work.
And (4) data transmission: firstly, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system and then is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground mobile terminal, and real-time dynamic evaluation index data is formed after the communication path is processed based on a large data platform. Obtaining the data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, PH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like.
And (5) analyzing data: according to the obtained data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like, the environmental influence factors during the exploitation of the deep sea bottom polymetallic nodule are further analyzed: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential. The influence factors are comprehensively analyzed according to specific parameters provided by the equipment to obtain specific influence factors for exploitation of the deep sea polymetallic nodules.
Step (6) of evaluating the index: according to the influence factors influencing the exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, further establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1) Degree of disturbance of deposit: (f 2) Dissolved oxygen (1)f 3) pH value of (1)f 3) Turbidity (b) tof 5) Salinityf 6) Temperature (c)f 7) Pressure (a)f 8) Oxidation-reduction potential (C)f 9) Natural potential (1)f 10) The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment. Wherein A is the turbidity of the water body, B is the temperature, C is the biological activity of the seabed, D is the biological diversity, E is the oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items in total, and the main influence relationship can be explained by a polynomial. Firstly, carrying out normalization and dimensionless processing on the influence factor data to display the normalization processing of the data:
Figure 167935DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation. Normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; then, the data sets after the processing are checked for each level, and the threshold values of the indexes of each aspect are determinedAnd (3) performing weight analysis according to a threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight ratio meeting the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
whereina 1,……a 10The method comprises the steps of assigning weights (expressed by percentages and added to be 100%) for main purposes, and establishing an effective analysis weight structure according to key factors of specific indexes and specific data analysis results;f'and performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index to determine the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step.
And (7): and (6) evaluating the model. According to specific data of evaluation indexes, the deep sea mining ecological environment is divided into a multilevel standard (three or more odd-numbered types are required and can be determined according to requirements) according to the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard, the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multilevel standard (the odd-numbered type level standard more than three levels), accurate planning is carried out according to the disturbance severity, and the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment.
The experience level and each quality index of the quality of the seabed ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n i 。n i andn j respectively the number and evaluation of the evaluation index dataThe number of the price indexes is 5. The lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade isNStage (odd class standard above three).
Each index value (as an abscissa) and the number grade (ordinate) of the deep sea bottom mining are in a monotonic relationship, and is judged to be the highest grade when the index exceeds a certain set threshold, is judged to be the lowest grade when the index value is lower than the set threshold, and is judged to be the medium grade when the index value is between the two types of limits, which is a function relationship that is limited in the upper and lower directions and has quick and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of the deep sea mining ecological environment quality grade model, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For model parameters, the main 5 parameters are described herein, and the following optimization functions are used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index can be analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and an odd number according to requirements. Finally, a specific final evaluation level value can be calculated.
And (8): monitoring and early warning: according to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors can be analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site can be focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm can be predicted and analyzed, and effective means can be rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, the expert can be asked to discuss the situation according to the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments.
And (9) equipment recovery or maintenance: when the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the equipment, the hook can be recovered by using an ROV underwater robot according to the coordinate indication and the station arrangement, the ROV can be hung to the upper anti-drop cover hanging ring and can be pulled upwards to float with the monitoring equipment, and finally, the recovery is realized; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a structure-separable deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station, which can be assembled separately before being laid, can be replaced, checked and maintained freely, can reduce the internal and external pressure difference of the monitoring station through hollow arrangement after being laid, can be detached and maintained for problematic parts after being recovered, and has more convenient operation and long-term safe monitoring technical means; the bottom bearing cabin can be adaptive and horizontal to adjust water level, and the bottom penetration probe and the bearing device can effectively fit the bottom and the seabed. This design has combined boundary layer environmental monitoring device's advantage, and can lay for a long time, if there is not special condition, the recovery operation is not considered in sustainable work to once lay alright accomplish the operation, with lower research and development cost and operation risk, satisfied submarine mining ecological environment's real-time supervision demand simultaneously, carried out real-time long-term effectual monitoring to the mining operation environment of full space full cycle.
2. The communication mode of the invention fills the blank of the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment remote monitoring and early warning, adopts the communication path of the submarine-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, and can remotely monitor the deep-sea mining submarine ecological environment on the mobile terminal after the processing based on the big data platform, so that the monitoring and early warning are more convenient and faster.
3. The evaluation method is designed comprehensively, overcomes the defects of the previous environmental monitoring evaluation method, fills the blank of the deep-sea mining ecological environment monitoring method, increases the living indexes of organisms and the influence on the surrounding water body in the mining process, relates to a physical ocean, biochemical, hydromechanical and other comprehensive evaluation system, and is an important supplement of the existing submarine mining ecological environment monitoring evaluation mode.
4. The design is simple in structure, the arrangement of the places can be observed at will, the equipment damage risk is reduced, the comprehensive use cost is low, the internal integration is simple, the marine geological environment monitoring station is an important supplement to the existing marine geological environment monitoring station at present, the monitoring of the deep-sea mining seabed ecological environment is of great significance, and the technical reference is provided for future monitoring and early warning platform networking.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the drop-off prevention cover;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the anti-slip cover
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main structure of the observation cabin;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first observation layer;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second observation layer;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third observation layer;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth observation layer;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a bottom deck structure;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the bottom pod structure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the self-locking hook in an operating state;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a self-locking hook in a released state;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a closed arc groove;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an adaptive plastic semi-annular snap;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a natural potential probe penetration process;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the working state of the natural potential probe;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a structure of a pedestal carrying tray;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the rotation of the tray;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a seated bottom penetration probe penetration process;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a seated position of the pedestal penetration probe;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the overall communication system;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of an evaluation protocol method;
wherein, the corresponding relationship between the reference numbers and the components in fig. 1 to fig. 22 is:
1-lifting a lifting ring, 2-upward speed measurement acoustic Doppler flow profiler, 3-sediment particle catcher, 4-ultrashort baseline, 5-beacon, 6-connecting self-locking lifting hook, 7-data storage device, 8-acoustic communication device, 9-data transmission device, 10-seawater battery array, 11-PH sensor, 12-methane sensor, 13-adaptive buckle, 14-natural potential probe rod, 15-high precision pressure gauge, 16-temperature salt deep turbidimeter, 17-high precision underwater camera, 18-underwater probe lamp, 19-chlorophyll fluorescence sensor, 20-downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler flow profiler, 21-anti-toppling annular hoop, 22-adaptive balancing device and 23-rotating shaft, 24-a seat bottom bearing tray, 25-a seat bottom penetration probe, 26-a self-locking hook main body, 27-a closed arc groove, 28-a self-locking hook connecting shaft, 29-a closed arc, 30-a self-adaptive plastic semi-annular buckle, 31-a loose screw, 32-a square frame and 33-a supporting rod.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and the evaluation method thereof according to the embodiment of the invention are specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 20.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for an ecological environment of deep-sea mining, wherein a monitoring device is of a hollow frame structure, and the hollow frame structure of the monitoring device is made of a high-strength pressure-resistant waterproof material. The monitoring device is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-drop cover 101, the middle layer is an observation cabin 102, and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin 103; this device is divided into the three-layer with instrument monitoring station, and the integrality of assurance equipment that layered design can be fine prevents instability when equipment is placed, and equipment wholeness is higher, and the design of inner space does benefit to monitoring devices's internal integration.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, four hoisting rings 1 are arranged on the top of the anti-drop cover 101; the anti-drop cover 101 is made of a high-strength magnesium-iron alloy material frame.
As shown in fig. 4, the middle observation cabin 102 of the monitoring device has a cubic structure, which is divided into four layers from top to bottom, and sequentially divided into a first observation layer 201, a second observation layer 202, a third observation layer 203, and a fourth observation layer 204; the design ensures the maximum observation efficiency and also improves the utilization rate of the internal space. The shell of the observation cabin 102 is made of a magnesium-iron high-strength alloy material frame and is of a high-pressure waterproof structure.
As shown in fig. 5, an upward velocity measurement acoustic doppler flow profiler 2, a sediment particle trap 3, an ultra-short baseline 4 and a beacon 5 are arranged on a first observation layer 201, a plurality of self-locking hooks 6 are connected to a top frame of the first observation layer 201, and the sediment particle trap 3 is arranged in the center of the first observation layer 201 in a penetrating manner and has a function of trapping sediment in all directions on the seabed. The upward velocity measurement acoustic Doppler current profiler 2 is arranged at the left side of the sediment particle catcher 3 and also penetrates through the upper surface of the first observation layer 201, and the ultra-short baseline 4 and the beacon 5 are respectively arranged at the right front side and the right rear side of the sediment particle catcher 3 and are arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer 201;
as shown in fig. 6, the second observation layer 202 is provided with a data storage device 7, an acoustic communication device 8 and a data transmission device 9, the acoustic communication device 8 is disposed through the center of the second observation layer 202, and the data storage device 7 and the data transmission device 9 are disposed on the left rear side and the right front side of the acoustic communication device 8, respectively, and are disposed on the upper surface of the second observation layer 202; the data storage device 7 is mainly used for collecting and storing data, a self-service battery and an externally connected seawater battery array 10 are arranged in the data storage device 7, double power supply guarantee is achieved, and the working time is long and lasting. The data transmission equipment 9 comprises data processing equipment, the data processing equipment is connected with the data storage equipment 7, a self-service battery and an externally connected seawater battery array 10 are arranged in the data processing equipment, double power supply guarantee is achieved, a data storage space is guaranteed, and the working time is long and lasting. Firstly, according to positioning equipment arranged on the upper part of a first observation layer 201, the position of the positioning equipment is positioned in the first observation layer 201, the position of an ultra-short baseline 4 and a beacon 5 of the positioning equipment is corrected, then a data transmission system simply processes collected and stored data and transmits the data through an acoustic communication device, the data are transmitted to a sea surface buoy, then to an air-based Beidou satellite navigation communication platform, then to a space-based ocean monitoring platform, finally to a ground environment monitoring center big data platform, and finally are monitored in real time through a mobile terminal, so that a data transmission path of a seabed-sea surface-air-space-ground-mobile terminal is formed; the power supply equipment is a high-voltage-resistant seawater battery array 10, can continuously work, and the seawater battery array 10 can continuously supply power for a long time based on the existing equipment power and energy consumption. The acoustic communication equipment 8 realizes long-term instant communication, firstly, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through the acoustic communication equipment 8, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the working data is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-earth-mobile terminal, after the processing is carried out based on a large data platform, monitoring and early warning are carried out according to the existing evaluation index of the seabed mining environment, and finally, synchronous communication APP can be developed to carry out the display of real-time monitoring data result analysis.
As shown in fig. 7, a seawater battery array 10, a PH sensor 11, a methane sensor 12, an adaptive buckle 13 and a natural potential probe 14 are arranged on the third observation layer 203, the seawater battery array 10 is arranged at the center of the third observation layer 203, the PH sensor 11 and the methane sensor 12 are respectively arranged at the left back side and the left front side of the seawater battery array 10 and penetrate through the third observation layer 203, and the methane sensor 12 ensures the shallow gas change warning in the submarine mining environment. The natural potential probe 14 is arranged on the right side of the seawater battery array 10, the top of the natural potential probe 14 is placed on the adaptive buckle 13, and the adaptive buckle 13 comprises 2 symmetrical semi-annular buckle main bodies 29 and loosening screws 30 respectively arranged on two sides of the adaptive buckle main bodies. The semi-annular buckle main body 29 is made of plastic. As shown in fig. 13 to 16, the adaptive buckle 13 is a device that can be adjusted according to the working requirement of the probe, the adaptive buckle 13 is adjusted according to the state of the probe during the operation, firstly, the working principle of the adaptive buckle 13 is according to the gravity of the natural potential probe 14, the probe and the buckle can move in a certain space during the installation, when the device is submerged, the probe can penetrate into the seabed due to the action of the gravity when being subjected to the action of the gravity, the buckle can block the end of the probe at the moment to ensure that the probe can not move any more, and when the device penetrates into the seabed, the buckle can block the probe to ensure that the natural potential probe 14 can monitor the dynamic change of the seabed boundary layer in real time. The erosion deposition process of the seabed can be conveniently monitored during bottoming, and the change of the boundary region of the seabed in deep-sea mining can be further explored. The lower part of the natural potential probe 14 sequentially penetrates through the third observation layer 203 and the fourth observation layer 204; the main principle is based on the principle of natural potential difference of different environmental fields, and the dynamic and erosion deposition of the boundary layer of the seabed of the deep sea mining can be monitored by using the solid-state reference electrode of the natural potential probe without supplying power to the electrode.
As shown in fig. 8, a natural potential probe 14, a high-precision pressure gauge 15, a temperature and salinity deep turbidimeter 16, a high-precision underwater camera 17, an underwater probe lamp 18, a downward speed measurement acoustic doppler flow profiler 20 and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 sequentially penetrate through the upper right side of the fourth observation layer 204, the high-precision underwater camera 17 and the underwater probe lamp 18 are located at the central position of the fourth observation layer 204, and power is supplied by the seawater battery array 10. The downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler current profiler 20 is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp 18, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed measurement acoustic Doppler current profiler 20, the thermohaline turbidimeter 16 is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera 17, and parameters such as temperature, salinity, pressure, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and the like can be observed. The high-precision pressure gauge 15 is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera 17, and the natural potential probe 14 is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera 17; compared with the prior design, the multi-parameter measurement of the PH sensor 11, the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor 19 and the like enables the evaluation index of the submarine mining ecological environment to be more comprehensive and accurate, and the evaluation index is specific to the deep sea microbial environment, the marine physical and chemical environment, including the influence of submarine carbon source carbon sink and the submarine ecological environment.
First observation layer 201, second observation layer 202, third observation layer 203, fourth observation layer 204 can arrange according to the instrument, can be full-space observe monitoring station near sea area, make things convenient for whole signal reception and equipment observation, including sediment granule catch etc. can be very big make things convenient for the observation of instrument and have the beneficial effect to preventing unexpected striking etc..
The data evaluation method for the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station of the deep-sea mining ecological environment is more advanced than the previous method, and a set of evaluation rules covering the whole space and the whole time can be formed according to the monitoring results of the monitored flow velocity, the particulate matter concentration, the sediment flux, the sediment deposition direction, the sediment thickness, the interface flow velocity, the dissolved oxygen, the PH value, the water turbidity, the salinity, the temperature, the methane concentration, the chlorophyll, the water pressure, the oxidation-reduction potential, the natural potential, the underwater high-definition image and the like of the submarine mining environment, and the indexes can be verified mutually.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the sitting bottom bearing compartment 103 includes the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the square frame 31 is arranged above the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the self-locking hooks 6 which can be separated from the fourth observation layer 204 are arranged on the top frame of the square frame 31, the four corners of the square frame 31 are all arranged on the top end of the support rod 32 in a fixed connection manner, the middle of the support rod 32 is fixedly connected to the anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the bottom end of the support rod 32 is movably connected with the sitting bottom bearing tray 24, and the circle center of the anti-toppling annular hoop 21 is fixedly provided with the self-adaptive balancing device 22 through the connecting rod. The equipment bottom bearing is more uniformly stressed by the connection mode, the overall stability of the equipment is facilitated, the overall stability strength of the equipment bottom bearing cabin 103 is improved, and the deep sea bottom operation is facilitated. The observation cabin 102 and the sitting bottom bearing cabin 103 are both designed to be separable, monitoring equipment of an internal monitoring station is replaced and maintained, the frames can be connected through a high-strength self-locking structure, the tensile strength and the use performance are guaranteed, the separable cabin structure increases the service life of the monitoring equipment and the equipment updating capacity. As shown in fig. 17 and 20, a seat penetration probe 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the seat bearing tray 24, a rotating shaft 23 is movably installed at the center of the seat bearing tray 24, and the rotating shaft 23 is connected to the end of the support rod 32. The rotating shaft 23 can move, and is matched with the self-adaptive level adjusting device 22, so that the rotating shaft is closely attached to the sea surface when bottoming is guaranteed, the equipment stability of the monitoring equipment is guaranteed, the rotating shaft is made of a high-strength pressure-resistant corrosion-resistant material, long-term monitoring operation can be normally carried out on the seabed with the uneven seabed, the whole device can carry out remote real-time communication, and a more advanced evaluation method for data of the in-situ monitoring device influenced by the submarine mining ecological environment is provided. When the tray contacts the bottom, the tray can be adjusted according to the inclination angle of the seabed, after the tray is seated due to gravity, the tray can be quickly attached to the seabed, then along with the penetration of the seated bottom penetration probe 25, the tray is attached to the seabed interface to be stable according to the self-adaptive horizontal adjusting device 22, and after the tray is stable, real-time monitoring work can be carried out. The anti-toppling annular hoop 21, the square frame 31 and the support rod 32 adopt high-strength alloy frameworks. The bearing of high temperature and high pressure environment is ensured, the tolerance of materials is ensured, a self-adaptive horizontal adjusting device 22 is arranged at a position 0.5m away from the seabed, the equipment is ensured to touch the bottom and prevent inclination, an anti-toppling annular hoop 21 is arranged around the bottom bearing cabin frame, and an anti-toppling effect can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the self-locking hook 6 includes a self-locking hook main body 26, the self-locking hook main body 26 is of an E-shaped structure, the upper and lower openings are openable and closable loop structures capable of accommodating upper and lower two layers of frame rods, a self-locking hook connecting shaft 28 is arranged at the top end of the middle portion of the self-locking hook main body 26, two closed circular arcs 29 of the loop structures of the openable and closable self-locking hook main body 26 are connected to the self-locking hook connecting shaft 28, and the end portions of the closed circular arcs 29 and the upper and lower ends of the self-locking hook main body 26 are provided with mutual engagement grooves. The locking device has the functions of rotation and locking, is simple, efficient and convenient to work, the end part of the closed arc 29 is provided with a groove, the opening and closing of the self-locking lifting hook 6 can be realized, and the overall stability after the closing is ensured.
Anticreep cover 101, survey cabin 102 and sit end bearing cabin 103 and all be separable design, conveniently carry out the monitoring facilities replacement and the maintenance of inside monitoring station, and the auto-lock structure of available high strength is connected between the frame, guarantees tensile strength and performance, and separable cabin body structure has increased monitoring devices's life and equipment renewal ability. The connection of anticreep cover 101, survey cabin 102 and sit end bearing cabin 103 use and be connected self-locking lifting hook 6, self-locking lifting hook 6 has both guaranteed the connection between each structure of device, by the convenient separation and the maintenance of having guaranteed equipment, 8 self-locking lifting hooks 6 on four directions of linking frame are fixed to self-locking lifting hook 6, self-locking lifting hook 6 will pass two parts frame member bind together, be connected upper portion and the frame of lower part through self-locking lifting hook 6 respectively, such design makes two parts of equipment can link together, the stability of equipping the structure and the separable attribute of equipping the structure have been guaranteed, the life and the equipment renewal ability of monitoring station have been increased.
The evaluation method of the deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station shown in fig. 21 and 22 comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): and checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station. The external three-part main body frame of the monitoring station can be separated and connected by using a high-strength hook. The top drop-off prevention cover 101 can be opened first for inspection and maintenance. The observation cabin 102 is used for installing and placing the monitoring sensor and the monitoring equipment, carrying out communication inspection on the acoustic communication equipment, then sending an instruction to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, operating according to a corresponding program, carrying out charging and discharging inspection on the seawater battery array, and carrying out working assembly after the seawater battery array is intact. And (3) hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin 103, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection.
Step (2): and (4) laying equipment. Confirm observation equipment and correctly set up, can use scientific investigation ship's A frame crane to follow the holistic order of submerged buoy from last hoist and mount into water down, according to the stable vertical back of level, the free fall formula whereabouts can use no cable unhook cloth to put, when equipment entered the surface of water, can carry out artifical or mechanical unhook.
And (3): and (4) working of the equipment. When the equipment is in bottom contact, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the communication is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally the ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command can be sent back to carry out long-term work.
And (4) transmitting data. Firstly, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system and then is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally, a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground mobile terminal, and real-time dynamic evaluation index data is formed after the communication path is processed based on a large data platform. Obtaining the data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, PH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like.
And (5) analyzing data: according to the obtained data such as flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential, underwater high-definition image and the like, the environmental influence factors during the exploitation of the deep sea bottom polymetallic nodule are further analyzed: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential. The influence factors are comprehensively analyzed according to specific parameters provided by the equipment to obtain specific influence factors for exploitation of the deep sea polymetallic nodules.
Step (6) of evaluating the index: according to the influence factors influencing the exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, further establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1) Degree of disturbance of deposit: (f 2) Dissolved oxygen (1)f 3) pH value of (1)f 3) Turbidity (b) tof 5) Salinityf 6) Temperature (c)f 7) Pressure (a)f 8) Oxidation-reduction potential (C)f 9) Natural potential (1)f 10) The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment. Wherein A is the turbidity of the water body, B is the temperature, C is the biological activity of the seabed, D is the biological diversity, E is the oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items in total, and the main influence relationship can be explained by a polynomial. Firstly, carrying out normalization and dimensionless processing on the influence factor data to display the normalization processing of the data:
Figure 553917DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation. Normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; and then aiming at the processed data setsConfirming each level, determining the threshold value of each aspect index, and performing weight analysis according to the threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight proportion meeting the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
whereina 1,……a 10The method comprises the steps of assigning weights (expressed by percentages and added to be 100%) for main purposes, and establishing an effective analysis weight structure according to key factors of specific indexes and specific data analysis results;f'and performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index to determine the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step.
And (7): and (6) evaluating the model. According to specific data of evaluation indexes, the deep sea mining ecological environment is divided into a multilevel standard (three or more odd-numbered types are required and can be determined according to requirements) according to the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard, the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multilevel standard (the odd-numbered type level standard more than three levels), accurate planning is carried out according to the disturbance severity, and the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment.
The experience level and each quality index of the quality of the seabed ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n i 。n i andn j the number of the evaluation index data and the number of the evaluation indexes are respectively, and the number of the indexes is 5. The lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade isNStage (odd class standard above three).
Each index value (as an abscissa) and the number grade (ordinate) of the deep sea bottom mining are in a monotonic relationship, and is judged to be the highest grade when the index exceeds a certain set threshold, is judged to be the lowest grade when the index value is lower than the set threshold, and is judged to be the medium grade when the index value is between the two types of limits, which is a function relationship that is limited in the upper and lower directions and has quick and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of the deep sea mining ecological environment quality grade model, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For model parameters, the main 5 parameters are described herein, and the following optimization functions are used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index can be analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and an odd number according to requirements. Finally, a specific final evaluation level value can be calculated.
And (8): and monitoring and early warning. According to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors can be analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site can be focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm can be predicted and analyzed, and effective means can be rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, the expert can be asked to discuss the situation according to the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments.
And (9) recovering or maintaining the equipment. When the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the service life, the hook can be recovered by using an ROV underwater robot according to the coordinate indication and the station arrangement, the ROV can be hung to the upper anti-drop cover 101 hanging ring, the ROV can be pulled upwards together with the monitoring equipment to float upwards, and finally the recovery is realized; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "plurality" or "a plurality" refer to two or more, and unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "connected," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment is characterized in that the monitoring device is of a hollow frame structure and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is an anti-falling cover (101), the middle layer is an observation cabin (102), and the lower layer is a sitting bottom bearing cabin (103);
the top of the anti-falling cover (101) is provided with four hoisting rings (1);
the main body of a middle layer observation cabin (102) of the monitoring device is of a cubic structure, and is divided into four layers from top to bottom, namely a first observation layer (201), a second observation layer (202), a third observation layer (203) and a fourth observation layer (204) in sequence;
the sediment particle capturing device comprises a first observation layer (201), and is characterized in that an upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler (2), a sediment particle capturing device (3), an ultra-short baseline (4) and a beacon (5) are arranged on the first observation layer (201), a plurality of self-locking hooks (6) are connected to a frame on the top of the first observation layer (201), the sediment particle capturing device (3) is arranged at the center of the first observation layer (201) in a penetrating manner, the upward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler (2) is arranged on the left side of the sediment particle capturing device (3) and is also arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer (201) in a penetrating manner, and the ultra-short baseline (4) and the beacon (5) are respectively arranged on the right front side and the right rear side of the sediment particle capturing device (3) and are arranged on the upper surface of the first observation layer (201);
the second observation layer (202) is provided with a data storage device (7), an acoustic communication device (8) and a data transmission device (9), the acoustic communication device (8) is arranged at the center of the second observation layer (202) in a penetrating manner, and the data storage device (7) and the data transmission device (9) are respectively arranged on the left rear side and the right front side of the acoustic communication device (8) and on the upper surface of the second observation layer (202); the data storage device (7) is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array (10), the data transmission device (9) comprises a data processing device, the data processing device is connected with the data storage device (7) and is internally provided with a self-use battery and an externally connected seawater battery array (10),
the seawater battery array (10), the PH sensor (11), the methane sensor (12), the self-adaptive buckle (13) and the natural potential probe rod (14) are arranged on the third observation layer (203), the seawater battery array (10) is arranged at the center of the third observation layer (203), the PH sensor (11) and the methane sensor (12) are respectively arranged on the left rear side and the left front side of the seawater battery array (10) and penetrate through the third observation layer (203), the natural potential probe rod (14) is arranged on the right side of the seawater battery array (10), the top of the natural potential probe rod (14) is placed on the self-adaptive buckle (13), and the lower portion of the natural potential probe rod (14) penetrates through the third observation layer (203) and the fourth observation layer (204) in sequence;
a natural potential probe rod (14), a high-precision pressure gauge (15), a thermohaline turbidimeter (16), a high-precision underwater camera (17), an underwater exploring lamp (18), a downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20) and a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor (19) sequentially penetrate through the upper right side of the fourth observation layer (204), the high-precision underwater camera (17) and the underwater exploring lamp (18) are positioned at the central position of the fourth observation layer (204), the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20) is arranged on the left side of the underwater exploring lamp (18), the chlorophyll fluorescence sensor (19) is arranged on the left rear side of the downward speed-measuring acoustic Doppler flow-velocity profiler (20), the thermohaline turbidimeter (16) is arranged on the right rear side of the high-precision underwater camera (17), the high-precision pressure gauge (15) is arranged on the right front side of the high-precision underwater camera (17), the natural potential probe rod (14) is arranged on the right side of the high-precision underwater camera (17);
sit end bearing cabin (103) including preventing empting annular hoop (21), the top of preventing empting annular hoop (21) is provided with square frame (31), be provided with self-locking lifting hook (6) that a plurality of can be separated with fourth observation layer (204) on the top frame of square frame (31), the top of fixed connection bracing piece (32) is all passed through in the four corners of square frame (31), the middle part fixed connection of bracing piece (32) is on preventing empting annular hoop (21), the bottom swing joint of bracing piece (32) has the seat end to bear tray (24), it has self-adaptation balancing unit (22) through connecting rod fixed mounting to prevent empting on the centre of a circle position of annular hoop (21).
2. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, wherein a hollow frame structure of the monitoring device is made of a high-strength pressure-resistant waterproof material.
3. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-drop shield (101) is made of a high-strength magnesium-iron alloy material frame.
4. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment is characterized in that a magnesium-iron high-strength alloy material frame is adopted as an outer shell of the observation cabin (102).
5. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, characterized in that the adaptive buckle (13) comprises 2 symmetrical semi-annular buckle bodies (29) and loosening screws (30) respectively arranged at two sides thereof.
6. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 5, characterized in that the semi-annular buckle main body (29) is made of high-strength composite plastic.
7. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the ecological environment of deep sea mining according to claim 1, wherein the self-locking hook (6) comprises a self-locking hook main body (26), the self-locking hook main body (26) is of an E-shaped structure, the upper opening and the lower opening of the self-locking hook main body are openable and closable annular structures capable of accommodating upper and lower two layers of frame rods, a self-locking hook connecting shaft (28) is arranged at the top end of the middle part of the self-locking hook main body (26), two closed circular arcs (29) of the annular structures of the openable and closable self-locking hook main body (26) are connected to the self-locking hook connecting shaft (28), and mutually meshed grooves are formed in the end parts of the closed circular arcs (29) and the upper end and the lower end of the self-locking hook main body (26).
8. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, wherein a seat penetration probe (25) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the seat bearing tray (24), a rotating shaft (23) is movably installed at the center of the seat bearing tray (24), and the rotating shaft (23) is connected to the tail end of the support rod (32).
9. The in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-toppling annular hoop (21), the square frame (31) and the supporting rod (32) adopt high-strength alloy frameworks.
10. The evaluation method of the in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station for the deep-sea mining ecological environment according to claim 1, comprising the following specific steps:
step (1): and (3) checking the performance of the monitoring and early warning station: the three parts of the main body frame outside the monitoring station can be separated and connected by using a high-strength hook; firstly, the top anti-drop cover 101 can be opened for inspection and maintenance, the observation cabin 102 is used for installing and placing the monitoring sensor and the monitoring equipment, the acoustic communication equipment is subjected to communication inspection, then an instruction is sent to the equipment in advance to see whether the internal equipment works normally or not, the operation is carried out according to a corresponding program, the seawater battery array is subjected to charge-discharge inspection, and the operation and assembly can be carried out after the seawater battery array is intact; hoisting the separation instrument by using a crane, then installing the self-adaptive horizontal equipment section to the under-seat bearing cabin 103, fixing by using bolts, and finally completing the connection of the whole equipment and finishing the inspection;
step (2): arranging equipment: confirming that the observation equipment is correctly arranged, hoisting the underwater buoy into water from top to bottom by using an A-frame crane of the scientific investigation ship according to the integral sequence of the underwater buoy, after the underwater buoy is horizontally stable and vertical, falling in a free-falling mode, and laying the underwater buoy by using a cable-free unhooking way, wherein when the equipment enters the water surface, manual or mechanical unhooking can be carried out;
and (3): the operation of the equipment: when the equipment is in bottom contact, the working data of the equipment is transmitted to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, the sea surface buoy is directly communicated to a satellite communication system, then the communication is transmitted to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally a ground marine environment monitoring center forms a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-sky-earth-ground-mobile terminal, so that the position calibration is ensured, and when the equipment normally works and reads, a command can be sent back to carry out long-term work;
and (4): data transmission: firstly, transmitting equipment working data to a sea surface buoy through acoustic communication equipment, directly communicating the sea surface buoy to a satellite communication system, then transmitting the data to a sea control communication base station in the sky, and finally forming a communication path of a seabed-sea surface-air-sky-ground mobile terminal by a ground marine environment monitoring center, and forming real-time dynamic evaluation index data after processing based on a large data platform; obtaining flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential and underwater high-definition image data;
and (5): and (3) data analysis: according to the obtained flow velocity, particle concentration, sediment flux, sediment deposition direction, sediment thickness, interface flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, water turbidity, salinity, temperature, methane concentration, water pressure, oxidation-reduction potential, natural potential and underwater high-definition image data, further analyzing environmental influence factors during exploitation of the deep sea bottom polymetallic nodule: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential;
and (6): review ofThe price index is as follows: according to the influence factors influencing the exploitation of the deep sea seabed polymetallic nodule: hydrodynamic force, sediment disturbance degree, dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, salinity, temperature, pressure, oxidation-reduction potential and natural potential, further establishing influence factor components, and designing the influence factors into hydrodynamic force according to the research environment of deep sea polymetallic nodule exploitationf 1) Degree of disturbance of deposit: (f 2) Dissolved oxygen (1)f 3) pH value of (1)f 3) Turbidity (b) tof 5) Salinityf 6) Temperature (c)f 7) Pressure (a)f 8) Oxidation-reduction potential (C)f 9) Natural potential (1)f 10) The main evaluation indexes are established as follows: water turbidity, water temperature, benthic organism activity, benthic organism diversity, redox environment; wherein A is set as water turbidity, B is set as temperature, C is set as seabed biological activity, D is set as biological diversity, E is set as oxidation-reduction environment, the evaluation method has 5 items in total, the main influence relationship can be explained by a polynomial, firstly, the influence factor data is normalized and dimensionless processed to display the standardized processing of the data:
Figure 694938DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,xis the original data of the image data,uis the mean value of the samples and is,σis the sample standard deviation; normalizing the data to a standard normal distribution data set with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1; then, aiming at the processed data sets, confirming each level, determining the threshold value of each aspect index, and performing weight analysis according to the threshold value to obtain an evaluation weight proportion which accords with the national quality approval:
A= a 1 f 1 '+ a 2 f 2 '+ a 3 f 3 '+ a 4 f 4 '+……+ a 10 f 10 '
……
E=e 1 f 1 '+e 2 f 2 '+e 3 f 3 '+e 4 f 4 '+……+e 10 f 10 '
whereina 1,……a 10The method comprises the steps of assigning weights (expressed by percentages and added to be 100%) for main purposes, and establishing an effective analysis weight structure according to key factors of specific indexes and specific data analysis results;f'performing polynomial analysis fitting on each evaluation index for the result of normalization processing, determining the correlation of each parameter, and further performing modeling and model evaluation on the parameters of the next step;
and (7): and (3) model evaluation: according to specific data of evaluation indexes, the deep sea mining seabed ecological environment quality standard is divided into a multi-level standard (three or more odd-numbered types are required and can be determined according to requirements), the lowest quality is a first-level standard, the highest quality is a multi-level standard (the odd-numbered type standard more than three levels), accurate planning is carried out according to the severity of disturbance, and the real-time forecasting system at the mobile phone terminal can quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the deep sea mining ecological environment;
the experience level and each quality index of the quality of the seabed ecological environment of deep-sea mining are respectivelyw（i) Andz（1，1）、z（2，2）、……、z（n i ，5），i=1，2，……，n i ；n i andn j the number of the evaluation index data and the number of the evaluation indexes are respectively, and the number of the indexes is 5; the lowest submarine mining ecological environment has a quality grade of 1, and the highest grade isNStage (odd class standard of more than three stages); each index value (as abscissa) and the number grade (ordinate) of the deep sea bottom mining are in monotonic relation, and when the index exceeds a certain predetermined threshold, the index is determined as the most suitableThe high level is determined as the lowest level when the index value is lower than a predetermined threshold, and the medium level when the index value is between the two types of limit values, which is a function relationship that is limited up and down and has rapid and complex middle section change, namely:
w'(i)=N/(1+e m z i +m z i m n(1)(1,)(2)(2,)+…+( 5 z n)( 5 i,))
whereinw'(i) Is a calculated value of the deep sea mining ecological environment quality grade model, which does not exceed the positive number of N,m(j)(j=1,……,5) For model parameters, the main 5 parameters are described herein, and the following optimization functions are used to select the parameters:
Miny(m(n 1),…,m(n 5 ))=|w'(1)-w(1)|+|w'(2)-w(2)|+…+|w'(ni)-w(ni)|
the specific evaluation index can be analyzed and rated according to the monitoring data of the deep sea mining ecological environment remote monitoring early warning station, and is at least more than three levels and an odd number according to requirements; finally, a specific final evaluation grade value can be calculated;
and (8): monitoring and early warning: according to the final value of the grade of the evaluation standard model monitored in real time, the deep-sea mining ecological environment is effectively monitored and early warned, the worst standard and the worst factors can be analyzed according to the final value of the evaluation standard, a three-level warning threshold value is formed, and when three-level warning is performed, the site can be focused; when the secondary alarm responds, the development trend of the secondary alarm can be predicted and analyzed, and effective means can be rapidly adopted; when the first-level alarm responds, the expert can be asked to discuss the situation according to the situation, and a final resolution is formed and reported to relevant departments;
and (9): equipment recovery or maintenance: when the service life of the equipment is over, or parts are damaged in the middle of the service life, the hook can be recovered by using an ROV underwater robot according to the coordinate indication and the station arrangement, the ROV can be hung to the upper anti-drop cover 101 hanging ring, the ROV can be pulled upwards together with the monitoring equipment to float upwards, and finally the recovery is realized; reading the equipment data, replacing the consumable materials and preparing for distribution again or at the next observation place.
CN202111293482.0A 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof Active CN113959499B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111293482.0A CN113959499B (en) 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111293482.0A CN113959499B (en) 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113959499A true CN113959499A (en) 2022-01-21
CN113959499B CN113959499B (en) 2022-06-14

Family

ID=79469019

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111293482.0A Active CN113959499B (en) 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113959499B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115235434A (en) * 2022-08-01 2022-10-25 中国海洋大学 Long-term monitoring system for deep-sea internal wave disturbed submarine boundary layer environment and working method
CN116367176A (en) * 2022-11-30 2023-06-30 哈尔滨工程大学 Master-slave type submarine reference station control screen setting method

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102331275A (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-01-25 中国海洋大学 Penetration probe-based deep sea multi-element comprehensive observation system
US20130054034A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Hydril Usa Manufacturing Llc Method, device and system for monitoring subsea components
CN106841311A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-06-13 青岛海洋地质研究所 A kind of preventing seabed base multiple spot original position long-term observation system
CN107767064A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-06 青岛理工大学 The monitoring and warning criterion and method of Geological and Ecological Environment quality
CN207680026U (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-08-03 青岛易而固五金汽配有限公司 A kind of swing suspension hook with carbine
CN109520567A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-26 深圳先进技术研究院 A kind of sea-farming water quality early-warning method
CN210786063U (en) * 2019-09-19 2020-06-19 山东镒安东霖防火设备有限公司 Fire extinguisher with fixed structure of preventing empting
CN111950918A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-17 江苏电力交易中心有限公司 Market risk assessment method based on electric power transaction data
CN113269395A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-17 佛山市奥博环保技术有限公司 Water environment risk pre-judging method and system based on pressure state feedback framework
CN113277007A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-20 华能(广东)能源开发有限公司海门电厂 Anti-overturning device for offshore operation
CN113408878A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-09-17 山东电工电气集团有限公司 Cable tunnel running state evaluation method based on multi-source information and area control system

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102331275A (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-01-25 中国海洋大学 Penetration probe-based deep sea multi-element comprehensive observation system
US20130054034A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Hydril Usa Manufacturing Llc Method, device and system for monitoring subsea components
CN106841311A (en) * 2017-01-18 2017-06-13 青岛海洋地质研究所 A kind of preventing seabed base multiple spot original position long-term observation system
CN107767064A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-03-06 青岛理工大学 The monitoring and warning criterion and method of Geological and Ecological Environment quality
CN207680026U (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-08-03 青岛易而固五金汽配有限公司 A kind of swing suspension hook with carbine
CN109520567A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-26 深圳先进技术研究院 A kind of sea-farming water quality early-warning method
CN210786063U (en) * 2019-09-19 2020-06-19 山东镒安东霖防火设备有限公司 Fire extinguisher with fixed structure of preventing empting
CN111950918A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-17 江苏电力交易中心有限公司 Market risk assessment method based on electric power transaction data
CN113277007A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-08-20 华能(广东)能源开发有限公司海门电厂 Anti-overturning device for offshore operation
CN113269395A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-17 佛山市奥博环保技术有限公司 Water environment risk pre-judging method and system based on pressure state feedback framework
CN113408878A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-09-17 山东电工电气集团有限公司 Cable tunnel running state evaluation method based on multi-source information and area control system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
YU KANAJI 等: "Estimating abundance of Risso’s dolphins using a hierarchical Bayesian habitat model: A framework for monitoring stocks of animals inhabiting a dynamic ocean environment", 《DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II》 *
解则晓 等: "全海深原位测试装置控制系统设计", 《海洋技术学报》 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115235434A (en) * 2022-08-01 2022-10-25 中国海洋大学 Long-term monitoring system for deep-sea internal wave disturbed submarine boundary layer environment and working method
CN116367176A (en) * 2022-11-30 2023-06-30 哈尔滨工程大学 Master-slave type submarine reference station control screen setting method
CN116367176B (en) * 2022-11-30 2024-05-10 哈尔滨工程大学 Master-slave type submarine reference station control screen setting method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113959499B (en) 2022-06-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN113959499B (en) Deep-sea mining ecological environment in-situ long-term automatic monitoring station and evaluation method thereof
CN104567820B (en) Submarine target center search system
CN108955764B (en) Deep sea engineering geological environment in-situ long-term real-time observation system and method
CN107024244B (en) Marine site hydrate mining environment three-dimensional monitoring system
CN115588276B (en) Marine geological disaster remote monitoring and early warning station and monitoring and early warning method
CN107545250A (en) A kind of ocean floating motion Real-time Forecasting System based on the remote sensing of wave image and artificial intelligence
CN105752300A (en) Modular Autonomous Underwater Robot
CN109062230A (en) Underwater auxiliary oil recovery robot control system and dynamic localization method
US20220098958A1 (en) Deep-sea submarine gas hydrate collecting method and production house
CN112033383B (en) Deep sea polymetallic nodule mining engineering geological environment monitoring system and method
CN104776834A (en) Deep-sea floor pore water pressure long-term observation automatic laying system and deep-sea floor pore water pressure long-term observation automatic laying method
CN104792452B (en) A kind of automatic lifting without cable formula deep-sea floor pore water pressure long-term observation device
CN206579794U (en) The twin float single point mooring system of intelligent deep-sea breeding facility
CN211167300U (en) Intelligent water surface comprehensive monitoring buoy device
CN109866895A (en) Preventing seabed base
US20230408336A1 (en) Modular-reconfigurable long-term in-situ monitoring device and monitoring method
CN215219212U (en) Seabed multi-physical-field collecting station
CN212059536U (en) Sampling device for water quality testing
CN110954472B (en) Deep sea metal structure protection effect monitoring device and early warning method
CN115078691A (en) Geological monitoring method and system for hydrate in seabed stratum space
CN111891294A (en) Ocean intelligent node three-dimensional observation system
CN208223481U (en) A kind of direct-connected subglacial fixing layer position ocean observation apparatus
Zugno et al. PlaCE-A case study of an offshore asset conversion for multiple eco-sustainable re-use in the Adriatic Sea
CN115235434B (en) Long-term monitoring system for deep sea internal wave disturbance submarine boundary layer environment and working method
CN210347178U (en) Split type deep sea movable television grab bucket

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant