CN113959344A - A new method of laser measurement of roadway surface displacement - Google Patents

A new method of laser measurement of roadway surface displacement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113959344A
CN113959344A CN202111255610.2A CN202111255610A CN113959344A CN 113959344 A CN113959344 A CN 113959344A CN 202111255610 A CN202111255610 A CN 202111255610A CN 113959344 A CN113959344 A CN 113959344A
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roadway
laser
operation screen
surface displacement
measurement
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刘洪涛
霍天宏
陈小港
郭晓菲
罗茗
韩子俊
韩洲
罗紫龙
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

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Abstract

本发明为一种新型巷道表面位移激光测量方法，涉及巷道表面位移监测技术领域。传统十字布点方法存在测量精度较低，适用巷道断面有限，测量繁琐耗时耗力，故发明一种新型巷道表面位移激光测量方法，本发明设计了一种多功能便携式巷道表面位移激光自动测量装置，此装置测量精度高，适用不同类型巷道断面，操作便捷，省时省力。使用本发明方法，借助此装置可一次性精确获取测点分别到巷道顶、底板和左、右帮的4项距离参数，多次测量可分别得出左帮、右帮、顶板、底板，以及巷道宽度和高度的6项位移变化量，可全面反映巷道表面位移变化情况，在为矿山及各类地下工程巷道支护设计和支护效果评价提供精确的量化指标方面具有重大意义。

Figure 202111255610

The invention relates to a novel roadway surface displacement laser measurement method, which relates to the technical field of roadway surface displacement monitoring. The traditional cross-point distribution method has low measurement accuracy, limited applicable roadway cross-section, and the measurement is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, a new type of roadway surface displacement laser measurement method is invented. The invention designs a multi-functional portable roadway surface displacement laser automatic measurement device , This device has high measurement accuracy, is suitable for different types of roadway sections, is convenient to operate, saves time and effort. Using the method of the present invention, with the aid of this device, four distance parameters from the measuring point to the top, bottom plate, left and right sides of the roadway, respectively, can be accurately obtained at one time, and the left side, right side, top plate, bottom plate, and The six displacement changes of roadway width and height can comprehensively reflect the change of roadway surface displacement, which is of great significance in providing accurate quantitative indicators for roadway support design and support effect evaluation in mines and various underground works.

Figure 202111255610

Description

Novel laser measurement method for roadway surface displacement
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway surface displacement monitoring, and particularly relates to a multifunctional portable roadway surface displacement laser automatic measuring device which is designed, 4 distance parameters from a measuring point to a left side wall, a right side wall, a top plate and a bottom plate of a roadway can be rapidly and respectively measured through a special structure of the measuring device, the height and the level of a laser measuring operation screen are adjusted through unique supporting and horizontal equipment, the roadway surface displacement measuring process is realized, and therefore, the roadway surface displacement measuring method which is convenient to operate, accurate in measurement, time-saving, labor-saving and suitable for various sections is formed. The method is suitable for measuring the displacement of the surface of the mine and various underground engineering roadways.
Background
The roadway surface relative displacement is a comprehensive index for evaluating the roadway support quality and is a final result of interaction between the support and surrounding rocks. The method aims to clarify the change rule of the roadway surface displacement time, find the relation between the roadway surrounding rock movement and the supporting parameters, provide reliable basic data for reasonable supporting design and provide quantitative indexes for accurately evaluating the supporting effect. Therefore, the measurement of the relative displacement of the surface of the roadway is an essential link for the development of roadway work, the traditional measuring method of the tape and the tape needs two persons to cooperate with the straightening of the length measured by the whole section, the manual measuring method can cause that two ends of the tape are not positioned on the same horizontal line or the tape in the middle section is bent due to gravity, and the integral operation is inconvenient when the height of the roadway is measured. According to the actual field measurement condition, the invention designs and invents the tunnel surface displacement measurement method which is convenient to operate, accurate in measurement, time-saving and labor-saving and suitable for various sections by improving the measurement accuracy and realizing the detailed research on the relative displacement of the left side wall, the right side wall, the top plate and the bottom plate of the tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a novel laser measurement method for roadway surface displacement, which can be used for quickly and conveniently realizing the accurate measurement of the surface displacement of a left side wall, a right side wall, a top plate and a bottom plate of a roadway in the process of measuring the roadway surface displacement, is time-saving and labor-saving, and is suitable for the roadways with various sections.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method, wherein a multifunctional portable roadway surface displacement laser automatic measuring device is independently designed in the method and used for adjusting the height and the level of a laser measuring operation screen through unique supporting and horizontal equipment to realize the roadway surface displacement measuring process, so that the roadway surface displacement measuring method which is convenient to operate, accurate in measurement, time-saving and labor-saving and suitable for various sections is formed.
The device mainly comprises five parts, namely a tripod, a telescopic supporting rod, a leveling tripod head, a flat plate support and a laser measurement operation screen, wherein the tripod is a telescopic adjustable tripod, each support leg pipe is provided with a 50cm fixed section and two telescopic sections which are respectively 45cm and 35cm, the adjusting angle of each support leg pipe is 0-30 degrees, and the tripod can stably support the whole equipment within the height of 1.1-1.3 m under the condition of a complex bottom plate surface; the telescopic support rod is an internal locking type telescopic rod and is provided with a 30cm fixed section and a 20cm telescopic section, and when the required length is reached, the internal spring buckle is popped out to fix the length of the whole telescopic rod; the leveling cradle head and the support rod are fixed into a whole, the cradle head and the internal rotating ball are fixed into a whole, and the rotating ball is fixed after the whole cradle head is leveled by combining the rotating cradle head with the water level on the upper part; the flat plate support is aligned to the extending direction of the whole roadway through the central line of the upper part, the clamping groove of the flat plate support is 21cm long, 15cm wide and 2.5cm thick, and the two sides of the clamping groove and the middle section of the bottom of the clamping groove are left out, so that the laser emission is not influenced; the laser measurement operation screen is an operation screen combined with a laser sensing distance measuring device, the length of the operation screen is 20cm, the width of the operation screen is 15cm, the thickness of the operation screen is 2cm, the laser sensing distance measuring device is respectively arranged at the centers of four side surfaces of the operation screen, four data of the distances from a measuring point to two sides and between a top plate and a bottom plate are displayed in a data table of the screen through buttons 'start' and 'OK' of the screen, any one or more of the four laser sensing distance measuring devices can be selectively closed if the four data need to be measured independently, and the data can be led out to a computer through a USB interface.
The invention relates to a novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method, which mainly comprises the following two parts in the working principle and the measuring steps:
s1 Assembly of measuring device
The tripod leg pipe selects suitable angle to open, adjust every leg pipe extension segment length according to bottom plate surface roughness, every 10cm is equipped with a card hole, twist through the knob makes leg pipe length fixed, adjust the tripod and install the bracing piece on the threaded rod of tripod after stable, the telescopic link is equipped with a card hole every 3cm, the position control telescopic link extension length of popping out through the inside spring buckle of control telescopic link, the height is equipped to the thick adjustment cover of tripod, and the telescopic link is then for fine setting. The leveling cloud platform is fixed at the telescopic link front end, adjusts the cloud platform that links to each other with inside roating sphere, combines the spirit level on cloud platform upper portion to transfer whole cloud platform to the level, and fixed knob through the cloud platform both sides is fixed with inside roating sphere, realizes the fixed level of whole cloud platform, later puts into the plate holder through the card post of cloud platform, aims at whole tunnel extending direction through the upper portion central line, and the back is fixed plate holder, has just so realized the level and the stability of whole equipment.
S2, measuring by a measuring device
Before the laser measurement operation screen is placed, a power key on the side of the screen is turned on, the time and the position of the measuring point are input through a button, then the set operation screen is placed into a clamping groove of a flat support, a start key is clicked, four laser sensing distance measuring devices are started to emit four beams of measurement laser, the distances from a transmitting point to a left side, a top plate and a bottom plate are measured, and the distances from the transmitting point to the left side, the right side, the top plate and the bottom plate are respectively a1′、a2′、b1′、b2' present in the operation screen data table is that the measured distance plus the half width and half length of the operation screen are programmed respectively, and the width and height of the lane are a and b respectively.
Namely:
left upper: a is1＝a1′+100
And (3) right upper: a is2＝a2′+100
Top plate: b1＝b1′+75
A bottom plate: b2＝b2′+75
Lane width: a ═ a1′+a2′+200
Lane height: b ═ b1′+b2′+150
If a certain position is wanted to be measured independently, a closing key can be clicked, then a laser sensor in a certain direction is chosen to be closed according to a direction key of a screen, and when the measurement is completed, an OK key is clicked, data can be automatically stored, and if the data is wanted to be exported to a computer through a USB (universal serial bus) adapter. When the next measuring point needs to be measured, the operation screen is taken out, the whole set of support is moved to the next measuring point, the tripod and the leveling pan-tilt are finely adjusted, the operation screen with the set time and position is placed into the clamping groove, and the data information of the next measuring point can be obtained by starting.
The gain effect of the invention is as follows: the novel roadway surface displacement laser measurement method has the advantages that the designed laser automatic measurement device is used for supporting the measurement operation screen horizontally stably, the laser sensing distance measurement device is controlled to emit laser, 4 distance parameters from a measurement point to a left side wall, a right side wall, a top plate and a bottom plate are obtained accurately at one time, 6 displacement variable quantities from the left side wall, the right side wall, the top plate and the bottom plate to the width and the height of a roadway can be obtained through multiple measurements, the roadway surface displacement change condition can be reflected comprehensively, and the method has great significance in providing accurate quantitative indexes for supporting design and supporting effect evaluation of mines and various underground engineering roadways.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings which are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced to provide a more complete and better understanding of the present invention and to easily understand the advantages thereof, but the drawings described herein are provided to provide further explanation of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an unnecessary limitation of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is an assembly schematic diagram of a measuring device for the novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly step a of the novel roadway surface displacement laser measurement method measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly step b of the novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the measurement device of the novel roadway surface displacement laser measurement method of the invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The invention relates to a novel roadway surface displacement laser measurement method, which is mainly applied to roadway displacement measurement. Which comprises the following steps:
s1 Assembly of measuring device
The tripod leg pipe selects suitable angle to open, adjust every leg pipe extension segment length according to bottom plate surface roughness, every 10cm is equipped with a card hole, twist through the knob makes leg pipe length fixed, adjust the tripod and install the bracing piece on the threaded rod of tripod after stable, the telescopic link is equipped with a card hole every 3cm, the position control telescopic link extension length of popping out through the inside spring buckle of control telescopic link, the height is equipped to the thick adjustment cover of tripod, and the telescopic link is then for fine setting. The leveling cloud platform is fixed at the telescopic link front end, adjusts the cloud platform that links to each other with inside roating sphere, combines the spirit level on cloud platform upper portion to transfer whole cloud platform to the level, and fixed knob through the cloud platform both sides is fixed with inside roating sphere, realizes the fixed level of whole cloud platform, later puts into the plate holder through the card post of cloud platform, aims at whole tunnel extending direction through the upper portion central line, and the back is fixed plate holder, has just so realized the level and the stability of whole equipment.
S2, measuring by a measuring device
Before the laser measurement operation screen is placed, a power key on the side of the screen is turned on, the time and the position of the measuring point are input through a button, then the set operation screen is placed in a clamping groove of a flat support, a 'start' key is clicked, four laser sensing distance measuring devices are started to emit four beams of measuring laser, if a certain position is required to be measured independently, a 'close' key can be clicked, then a laser sensor in a certain position is selected to be closed according to a direction key of the screen, an 'OK' key is clicked when the measurement is completed, the data can be automatically stored, and if the data is required to be led out, the data can be led out to a computer through a USB adapter. When the next measuring point needs to be measured, the operation screen is taken out, the whole set of support is moved to the next measuring point, the tripod and the leveling pan-tilt are finely adjusted, the operation screen with the set time and position is placed into the clamping groove, and the data information of the next measuring point can be obtained by starting.

Claims (3)

1.一种新型巷道表面位移激光测量方法，其特征在于，设计发明了一种多功能便携式巷道表面位移激光自动测量装置，通过此测量装置的特殊结构能同时快速分别测量测点到巷道左、右帮以及顶、底板的4项距离参数，激光测量操作屏通过独特的支撑和水平装备调节高度以及水平，实现巷道表面位移测量过程，从而形成一种简单便捷、测量精准、省时省力且适用各种类型断面的巷道表面位移测量方法。1. a novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method is characterized in that, a kind of multifunctional portable roadway surface displacement laser automatic measuring device has been designed and invented, through the special structure of this measuring device, the measuring point can be quickly measured to the left side of the roadway, The four distance parameters of the right side and the top and bottom plate, the laser measurement operation screen adjusts the height and level through the unique support and leveling equipment, realizes the process of roadway surface displacement measurement, thus forming a simple, convenient, accurate measurement, time-saving and labor-saving and suitable for Method for measuring roadway surface displacement for various types of sections. 所述测量装置主要包括三脚架，可伸缩支撑杆，调平云台，平板支架，激光测量操作屏，其中三脚架为一种可伸缩调节的三脚支架，每个支架腿管有一段50cm的固定段和两段分别为45cm和35cm的伸缩段，支架腿管的调节角度为0°～30°，实现复杂底板面情况下三脚架在1.1m～1.3m高度内稳固支持整个装备；可伸缩支撑杆为内锁式伸缩杆，安装在三脚架的螺纹杆上，有一段30cm的固定段和一段20cm的伸缩段，当达到所需长度时，内部弹簧卡扣弹出，将整个伸缩杆长度固定；调平云台是和支撑杆固定为一体，云台和内部的旋转球固定一体，通过旋转云台结合上部的水准器，将整个云台调至水平后固定旋转球，以达到云台的整体固定；平板支架是可安装在云台平面上，通过上部中心线对准整条巷道延伸方向，后固定平板支架，平板支架卡槽大小为21cm×15cm×2.5cm，并且卡槽的两侧及底部中间段空出，不影响激光的发出；激光测量操作屏是结合了激光传感测距装置的操作屏，操作屏的大小为20cm×15cm×2cm，在操作屏四个侧面的中心分别安装激光传感测距装置，通过屏幕的按钮“启动”和“OK”将测点到两帮以及顶底板距离的四个数据显示在屏幕的数据表内，数据的导出可通过USB接口导出到计算机。The measuring device mainly includes a tripod, a retractable support rod, a leveling head, a flat support, and a laser measurement operation screen, wherein the tripod is a telescopic and adjustable tripod, and each support leg has a fixed section of 50cm and The two telescopic sections are 45cm and 35cm respectively, and the adjustment angle of the leg tube of the bracket is 0°~30°, so that the tripod can stably support the whole equipment within the height of 1.1m~1.3m under the condition of complex floor surface; the retractable support rod is the inner The lock-type telescopic rod is installed on the threaded rod of the tripod. There is a fixed section of 30cm and a telescopic section of 20cm. When the required length is reached, the internal spring buckle pops out to fix the length of the entire telescopic rod; level the head It is fixed with the support rod, and the gimbal and the inner rotating ball are fixed as one. By combining the rotating gimbal with the upper level, the entire gimbal is adjusted to the level and then the rotating ball is fixed to achieve the overall fixation of the gimbal; It can be installed on the pan/tilt plane, aligning the extension direction of the entire roadway through the upper center line, and then fix the plate bracket. The laser measurement operation screen is an operation screen combined with a laser sensor ranging device. The size of the operation screen is 20cm × 15cm × 2cm, and the laser sensor measurement is installed in the center of the four sides of the operation screen. From the device, through the buttons "Start" and "OK" on the screen, the four data of the distance from the measuring point to the two sides and the top and bottom plates are displayed in the data table of the screen, and the data can be exported to the computer through the USB interface. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型巷道表面位移激光测量方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：2. a kind of novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1、测量装置的组装S1. Assembly of the measuring device 三脚架腿管选择合适的角度打开，根据底板表面粗糙程度调节每根腿管伸出段长度，每隔10cm设有一处卡孔，通过旋钮的拧入使腿管长度固定，在三脚架调节稳定之后将支撑杆安装在三脚架的螺纹杆上，伸缩杆每隔3cm设有一处卡孔，通过控制伸缩杆内部弹簧卡扣的弹出的位置控制伸缩杆伸出长度，三脚架粗调整套装备高度，而伸缩杆则为细调。调平云台固定在伸缩杆前端，调节和内部旋转球相连的云台，结合云台上部的水准器将整个云台调至水平，通过云台两侧的固定旋钮将内部旋转球固定，实现整个云台的固定水平，之后将平板支架通过云台的卡柱放入，通过上部中心线对准整条巷道延伸方向，后固定平板支架，这样就实现了整套装备的水平以及稳定。Select the appropriate angle to open the tripod leg tube, adjust the length of each leg tube extension according to the roughness of the bottom plate surface, and set a clamping hole every 10cm. The length of the leg tube can be fixed by screwing in the knob. The support rod is installed on the threaded rod of the tripod. The telescopic rod is provided with a clamping hole every 3cm. The extension length of the telescopic rod is controlled by controlling the pop-up position of the spring clip inside the telescopic rod. is fine-tuned. The leveling gimbal is fixed at the front end of the telescopic rod, adjust the gimbal connected to the internal rotating ball, and adjust the entire gimbal to the level by combining the level on the upper part of the gimbal. To fix the level of the whole pan/tilt, then put the tablet bracket through the clamping column of the pan/tilt, align the extension direction of the entire roadway through the upper center line, and then fix the tablet bracket, so as to realize the level and stability of the whole set of equipment. S2、测量装置测量S2, measuring device measurement 在放入激光测量操作屏之前，将屏幕侧边的电源键打开，通过按钮输入该测点的时间和位置，之后将设置好的操作屏放入平板支架的卡槽内，点击“启动”键，四个激光传感测距装置启动，发出四束测量激光，若想要单独测量某一位置，可点击“关闭”键，然后根据屏幕的方向键选择要关闭某个方位的激光传感器，测量完成时点击“OK”键，数据便会自动保存，如想要导出数据可通过USB转接口导出到计算机中。当需要进行下一个测点时，只需将操作屏拿出，将整套支架移至下一测点，微调三脚架和调平云台后，将设置好时间和位置的操作屏放入卡槽内，启动便可得下一个测点的数据信息。Before placing the laser measurement operation screen, turn on the power button on the side of the screen, input the time and position of the measuring point through the button, and then put the set operation screen into the card slot of the tablet bracket, and click the "Start" button , the four laser sensor ranging devices are activated and emit four measuring laser beams. If you want to measure a certain position alone, you can click the "Close" button, and then select the laser sensor to close a certain position according to the direction keys on the screen, and measure Click the "OK" button when finished, and the data will be automatically saved. If you want to export the data, you can export it to the computer through the USB transfer interface. When the next measuring point is needed, just take out the operation screen, move the whole set of brackets to the next measuring point, fine-tune the tripod and level the gimbal, and put the operation screen with the set time and position into the card slot , start to get the data information of the next measuring point. 3.根据权利要求1-2所述的一种新型巷道表面位移激光测量方法，操作屏开启激光传感测距装置以后，发射点到左、右帮和顶、底板的距离都被测出分别为a1′、a2′、b1′、b2′，呈现在操作屏数据表内的是通过程序编写分别在所测的距离加操作屏半宽和半长，并且巷道的宽和高分别为a和b。3. A kind of novel roadway surface displacement laser measuring method according to claim 1-2, after the operation screen turns on the laser sensing ranging device, the distances from the emission point to the left and right sides and the top and bottom plates are all measured respectively. For a 1 ', a 2 ', b 1 ', b 2 ', what is presented in the data table of the operation screen is the measured distance plus the half-width and half-length of the operation screen, and the width and height of the roadway. a and b, respectively. 即：which is: 左帮：a1＝a1′+100Left Gang: a 1 = a 1 ′+100 右帮：a2＝a2′+100Right gang: a 2 =a 2 ′+100 顶板：b1＝b1′+75Top plate: b 1 =b 1 ′+75 底板：b2＝b2′+75Bottom plate: b 2 =b 2 ′+75 巷宽：a＝a1′+a2′+200Lane width: a=a 1 ′+a 2 ′+200 巷高：b＝b1′+b2′+150Lane height: b=b 1 ′+b 2 ′+150 多次测量可分别得出左帮、右帮、顶板、底板，以及巷道宽度和高度的6项位移变化量，可全面反映巷道表面位移变化情况。Multiple measurements can respectively obtain 6 displacement changes of the left side, right side, top plate, bottom plate, and the width and height of the roadway, which can fully reflect the change of the surface displacement of the roadway.
CN202111255610.2A 2021-10-27 2021-10-27 A new method of laser measurement of roadway surface displacement Pending CN113959344A (en)

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CN115183681A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-10-14 深圳大学 A kind of structure displacement laser measurement method and system

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CN109373923A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-02-22 中国矿业大学(北京) A kind of monitoring system and method for mining tunnel surrouding rock deformation
CN210664350U (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-06-02 西安科技大学 Roadway surface displacement measuring device
CN112033285A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-12-04 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 Roadway section displacement measuring system and measuring method

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CN109373923A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-02-22 中国矿业大学(北京) A kind of monitoring system and method for mining tunnel surrouding rock deformation
CN210664350U (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-06-02 西安科技大学 Roadway surface displacement measuring device
CN112033285A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-12-04 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 Roadway section displacement measuring system and measuring method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN115183681A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-10-14 深圳大学 A kind of structure displacement laser measurement method and system

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