CN113959321A - Miniature space three-dimensional displacement testing device and displacement calculation method - Google Patents
Miniature space three-dimensional displacement testing device and displacement calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113959321A CN113959321A CN202111283875.3A CN202111283875A CN113959321A CN 113959321 A CN113959321 A CN 113959321A CN 202111283875 A CN202111283875 A CN 202111283875A CN 113959321 A CN113959321 A CN 113959321A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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Abstract
A miniature space three-dimensional displacement testing device and a displacement calculation method belong to the technical field of testing equipment. According to the test device, the probe moves along with the test point, the linear resistance displacement meter rotates, the expansion quantity value of the linear resistance pull rod is measured by the linear resistance displacement meter, and the rotation angle of the linear resistance displacement meter is measured by the nine-axis sensor arranged on the linear resistance displacement meter. S2, determining a corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system, and determining three-dimensional coordinates (0, L1, 0) of an initial test point; s4, calculating to obtain a distance L2 from the test point to the axis of the rotating shaft; s5, calculating three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of a test point Q; s6, obtaining a displacement vector (b, a-L1, c) of the test point. The invention can meet the displacement test of most of test structural members, has small volume, flexible installation position, low production cost and higher precision, and can accurately and efficiently realize the test of the space three-dimensional displacement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment, and particularly relates to a displacement test device and a displacement calculation method.
Background
For the loading test of some tested large-scale structural parts, the structural parts often comprise complex curved surfaces, meanwhile, the displacement of certain specific points needs to be tested in a test to measure the deformation condition of the structural parts in the loading process, and the displacement value is used as an important measurement standard of structural deformation and is important for the design and improvement of the structural parts.
At present, the displacement test of a large structural member in the loading test process on the market usually adopts a traditional linear displacement meter, including a laser displacement meter and the like, while a unidirectional displacement meter can only test the displacement in one direction, and meanwhile, in the deformation process of the structural member under load, the measured unidirectional displacement usually has great errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and further provides a small-sized space three-dimensional displacement testing device and a displacement calculation method which are stable, reliable and convenient to use; the real-time monitoring of the displacement of the fixed point in the loading test process of the large structural member can be met, and the displacement in each direction can be accurately obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a small space three-dimensional displacement testing device comprises a linear resistance displacement meter, a displacement meter clamping device, a rotating shaft, a displacement meter fixing device and a nine-shaft sensor; the linear resistance displacement meter is rotatably installed on the displacement meter fixing device, a probe of the linear resistance displacement meter is fixed with the test point, the probe moves along with the test point, the linear resistance displacement meter rotates, a pull rod of the linear resistance displacement meter extends or shortens along with the rotation of the linear resistance displacement meter, the stretching quantity value of the pull rod is measured by the linear resistance displacement meter, and the rotation angle of the linear resistance displacement meter is measured by a nine-axis sensor installed on the linear resistance displacement meter.
A displacement calculation method comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting a space three-dimensional displacement testing device, and enabling a probe to correspond to a testing point;
s2, determining a corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system according to the initial linear resistance displacement meter placement position and the rotating shaft axis position, and simultaneously determining three-dimensional coordinates (0, L1, 0) of the initial test point in a set coordinate system;
s3, in the loading process of the structural part, measuring the rotation angle of the whole linear resistance displacement meter in real time through a nine-axis sensor;
s4, calculating to obtain a distance L2 from the test point to the axis of the rotating shaft through a linear resistance displacement meter;
s5, calculating three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of the point Q of the test point in a set coordinate system in real time;
s6, obtaining displacement vectors (b, a-L1, c) of the test point in three directions under a set coordinate system;
and S7, drawing a real-time displacement curve of the test point by using a computer, and displaying a real-time displacement value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can meet the displacement test of most of test structural members, has small volume, flexible installation position, low production cost and higher precision, and can accurately and efficiently realize the test of the space three-dimensional displacement.
2. Compared with the traditional linear displacement meter, the invention can reduce the error in one direction, has high measurement precision, can additionally test displacement values in other directions, and can observe the displacement change condition in the loading test process in real time.
3. The displacement calculation of the invention is rigorous, accurate and precise, the calculation method is universal, and the programming can be realized.
4. The invention has convenient installation and disassembly and high test efficiency, and is easy to carry out unique test on the spatial displacement of the large-scale complex structural member.
5. The test data of the invention can be transmitted in real time, and the computer carries out programmed automatic operation and displays the displacement change and the displacement data value of the test point in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the calculation method of the present invention;
in fig. 1: 1. a linear resistance displacement meter; 2. a pull rod; 3. a probe; 4. a displacement meter holding device; 5. a rotating shaft; 6. a displacement meter fixing device; 7. a nine-axis sensor; 8. the cross beam is provided with a plurality of cross beams,
in fig. 2: the point O represents the axis position of the rotating shaft, the point P represents an initial displacement test point, the point Q represents the tail end position of the test point after the structure is deformed, the vector PQ is the displacement value of the real test point, and the space coordinate of the point P is (0, L1, 0); the space coordinates of the point Q are (b, a, c), the original length of OP is L1, the length of OQ after the structural member is deformed is L2, alpha 1 is the included angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the X axis, alpha 3 is the included angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the Y axis, and alpha 2 is the included angle between OQ and the XY plane.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and provides a small-sized spatial three-dimensional displacement measuring device, including a linear resistance displacement meter 1, a displacement meter holding device 4, a rotating shaft 5, a displacement meter fixing device 6, and a nine-axis sensor 7; the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is rotatably installed on the displacement meter fixing device 6, the probe 3 of the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is fixed with the test point, the probe 3 moves along with the test point, the linear resistance displacement meter 1 rotates, the pull rod 2 of the linear resistance displacement meter 1 extends or shortens simultaneously in the rotating process, the expansion quantity value of the pull rod 2 is measured by the linear resistance displacement meter 1, and the rotation angle of the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is measured by the nine-axis sensor 7 installed on the linear resistance displacement meter 1.
In this embodiment, the nine-axis sensor 7 can accurately measure the rotation angle and the angular velocity of the device, and perform real-time monitoring and data transmission of test data through wifi signals.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the first embodiment, in which the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is attached to a displacement meter holding device 4, the displacement meter holding device 4 is rotatably attached to a displacement meter fixing device 6 via a rotating shaft 5, and the displacement meter fixing device 6 is used to fix the entire test apparatus. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the axis of the rotary shaft 5 is provided perpendicular to the linear resistance displacement meter 1, the connection between the rotary shaft 5 and the holding device 4 is a ball joint, and the axis of the rotary shaft 5 is initially held perpendicular to the linear resistance displacement meter 1.
The degree of the rotating shaft can be changed to adapt to the installation of the device, and meanwhile, the rotating shaft 5 can ensure that the whole device can rotate in a large range in space.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, which further defines a specific embodiment, and in the present embodiment, the tip of the probe 3 is roughened to increase the friction force between the probe 3 and the surface of the test point, so as to prevent the probe from sliding relative to the test point during the test. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the fourth embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment is further limited to the second embodiment, in which the main body of the displacement meter holding device 4 is a U-shaped holding plate, and the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is disposed in a U-shaped notch of the U-shaped holding plate and fixed by a bolt.
In this embodiment, the U-shaped clamping plate is provided with a threaded hole, and is in threaded connection with the bolt, so that the bolt can be supported against the linear resistance displacement meter 1, and the fixation of the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is realized.
In the present embodiment, the linear resistance displacement meter 1 is configured to hold a clamping force by a bolt, and to be slidable on the linear resistance displacement meter 1 to adjust a clamping position and change a clamping angle.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment is further limited to the second embodiment, in this embodiment, the displacement meter fixing device 6 may be of any specification, and the displacement meter fixing device 6 may be fixed on the cross beam 8 of the testing machine or may clamp a magnet, so that the whole testing device is attracted to the metal frame of the testing machine, and the whole device is flexible and changeable and plays a role in fixing. The other components and the connection mode are the same as those of the second embodiment.
Before the testing device is used, the spatial position of the device and the positions of the probes 3 and the testing points are fixed according to the specific size and the testing requirements of a testing structural member, the structural member deforms in the loading testing process of the structural member, the corresponding testing points move spatially, the probes 3 move along with the testing points, the integral testing device rotates around a rotating shaft 5, a pull rod 2 extends or shortens simultaneously in the following rotating process, the magnitude of the value can be measured by a linear resistance displacement meter 1, the rotating angle under a set coordinate system can be measured by a nine-axis sensor 7, and the spatial three-dimensional displacement of the testing points in the loading process of the structural member is calculated by the calculating method adopted by the invention, so that the integral programming can be realized for real-time monitoring of the displacement testing points.
In this embodiment, the end of the rotary shaft 5 is connected to the displacement fixing device 6 by a screw, and the application length of the rotary shaft 5 can be changed by adjusting the protruding portion of the end of the rotary shaft 5.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and provides a displacement calculation method including the steps of:
s1, mounting a space three-dimensional displacement testing device according to the geometric shape of the structural part and the position of a test point, and enabling a probe 3 to correspond to the test point to ensure that the test is smoothly carried out;
s2, determining a corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system according to the initial placing position of the linear resistance displacement meter 1 and the axis position of the rotating shaft 5, and simultaneously determining three-dimensional coordinates (0, L1, 0) of an initial test point under a set coordinate system;
s3, in the loading process of the structural member, due to the fact that the structure deforms, the space position of the test point changes, the pull rod 2 extends or compresses, the linear resistance displacement meter 1 rotates along with the movement of the position of the test point, and the rotation angle of the whole linear resistance displacement meter 1 is measured in real time through the nine-axis sensor 7;
s4, calculating to obtain a distance L2 from the test point to the axis of the rotating shaft through the linear resistance displacement meter 1;
s5, calculating three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of the point Q of the test point in a set coordinate system in real time;
s6, obtaining displacement vectors (b, a-L1, c) of the test point in three directions under a set coordinate system; if necessary, the displacement value of the test point in other three-dimensional coordinate systems can be calculated according to a space coordinate axis conversion formula.
And S7, drawing a real-time displacement curve of the test point by using a computer, and displaying a real-time displacement value.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2, which further defines a sixth specific embodiment, and in the present embodiment, the three-dimensional coordinate system in S2 has the axis of the rotation shaft (5) and the straight line where the initial test point is located as the Y-axis, and the axis position is the origin of the coordinate system. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and the present embodiment further defines a seventh embodiment, and in the present embodiment, in S3, the values measured by the nine-axis sensor (7) are values α 1, α 2, and α 3, where α 1 is an angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the X axis, α 2 is an angle between OQ and the XY plane, and α 3 is an angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the Y axis. The other components and the connection mode are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: referring to fig. 2, this embodiment is described as a specific embodiment, which is further limited, in this embodiment, in S5, three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of the point Q of the test point are calculated according to the space vector algorithm of the rectangular coordinate system of the three-dimensional space, the calculation formula is,
c＝L2*sin∠2
b＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠3
a＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠1
x＝b＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠3
y＝a-L1＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠1-L1
z＝c＝L2*sin∠2
wherein: and X, Y and Z represent displacement values of the test point in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction under a set coordinate system. The other components and the connection mode are the same as those of the eighth embodiment.
The displacement calculation method adopts a measurement coordinate system, calculates the displacement of the test point under the measurement coordinate system in a space coordinate transformation mode, adopts data remote transmission in the whole test process, and simultaneously obtains the real-time displacement change condition of the test point under the set coordinate system through computer programming operation.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional displacement testing arrangement in miniature space which characterized in that: comprises a linear resistance displacement meter (1), a displacement meter clamping device (4), a rotating shaft (5), a displacement meter fixing device (6) and a nine-axis sensor (7); linear resistance displacement meter (1) rotates and installs on displacement meter fixing device (6), probe (3) and test point of linear resistance displacement meter (1) are fixed, probe (3) are followed the test point and are taken place to be removed, linear resistance displacement meter (1) is along with rotating, pull rod (2) of linear resistance displacement meter (1) take place to extend or shorten simultaneously following pivoted in-process, the flexible numerical value of pull rod (2) is measured by linear resistance displacement meter (1), and measure the rotation angle of linear resistance displacement meter (1) by nine sensors (7) of installing on linear resistance displacement meter (1).
2. A compact, three-dimensional, spatial displacement testing apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the linear resistance displacement meter is characterized in that the linear resistance displacement meter (1) is installed on a displacement meter clamping device (4), the displacement meter clamping device (4) is rotatably installed on a displacement meter fixing device (6) through a rotating shaft (5), and the displacement meter fixing device (6) is used for fixing the whole testing device.
3. A compact, three-dimensional, spatial displacement testing apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the head end of the probe (3) is roughened to prevent relative sliding with the test point.
4. A compact, three-dimensional, spatial displacement testing apparatus, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the main body of the displacement meter clamping device (4) is a U-shaped clamping plate, and the linear resistance displacement meter (1) is arranged in a U-shaped notch of the U-shaped clamping plate and fixed through bolts.
5. A compact, three-dimensional, spatial displacement testing apparatus, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: displacement meter fixing device (6) can be fixed on crossbeam (8) of testing machine or can the centre gripping magnet, make testing arrangement wholly adsorb on the metal frame of testing machine.
6. A displacement calculation method using the compact spatial three-dimensional displacement test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a space three-dimensional displacement testing device, and enabling a probe (3) to correspond to a testing point;
s2, determining a corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system according to the initial placing position of the linear resistance displacement meter (1) and the axis position of the rotating shaft (5), and simultaneously determining three-dimensional coordinates (0, L1, 0) of the initial test point in a set coordinate system;
s3, in the loading process of the structural part, measuring the integral rotation angle of the linear resistance displacement meter (1) in real time through the nine-axis sensor (7);
s4, calculating to obtain a distance L2 from the test point to the axis of the rotating shaft through the linear resistance displacement meter (1);
s5, calculating three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of the point Q of the test point in a set coordinate system in real time;
s6, obtaining displacement vectors (b, a-L1, c) of the test point in three directions under the set coordinate system.
And S7, drawing a real-time displacement curve of the test point by using a computer, and displaying a real-time displacement value.
7. The displacement calculation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the three-dimensional coordinate system in the S2, a straight line where the axis of the rotating shaft (5) and the initial test point are located is taken as a Y axis, and the axis position is taken as the origin of the coordinate system.
8. The displacement calculation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the S3, the values measured by the nine-axis sensor (7) are values of alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3, wherein alpha 1 is an included angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the X axis, alpha 2 is an included angle between OQ and the XY plane, and alpha 3 is an included angle between the projection of OQ on the XY plane and the Y axis.
9. The displacement calculation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: at S5, three-dimensional coordinates (b, a, c) of the point Q of the test point are calculated according to the space vector algorithm of the rectangular coordinate system of the three-dimensional space,
c＝L2*sin∠2
b＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠3
a＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠1
x＝b＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠3
y＝a-L1＝L2*cos∠2*sin∠1-L1
z＝c＝L2*sin∠2
wherein: and X, Y and Z represent displacement values of the test point in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction under a set coordinate system.
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2021
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| CN102494651A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-13 | 南京林业大学 | Displacement meter for measuring arbitrary angle |
| CN106679559A (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-05-17 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Actual measurement device and method of ultrahigh earth-rock dam internal 3D deformation |
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