CN113958607A - Porous static pressure air bearing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous static pressure air bearing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113958607A CN113958607A CN202111286661.1A CN202111286661A CN113958607A CN 113958607 A CN113958607 A CN 113958607A CN 202111286661 A CN202111286661 A CN 202111286661A CN 113958607 A CN113958607 A CN 113958607A
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 16
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
- F16C32/0603—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
- F16C32/0614—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings
- F16C32/0618—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings via porous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
- F16C32/0681—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load
Abstract
The invention discloses a porous static pressure air bearing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the porous static pressure air bearing comprises a stainless steel base material and a porous throttling layer, and the formula of the porous throttling layer comprises the following components: the preparation method comprises the following steps of processing a stainless steel base material; step two, surface treatment of a stainless steel base material; step three, preparing a porous throttling layer blank; step four, sintering and forming; step five, fine machining; according to the invention, through improving the formula components of the porous throttling layer, all the components in the porous throttling layer are combined into a whole, so that the porous throttling layer is prevented from being blocked by scraps generated in the processing process, and the inorganic filler is blown out by high-pressure air in the using process, and meanwhile, the porous throttling layer is firmly combined with the stainless steel base material, so that the airflow is prevented from flowing out of a joint surface during ventilation; the invention carries out chromium stripping treatment on the stainless steel base material in the process, thereby improving the yield in sintering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air bearings, in particular to a porous static pressure air bearing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The static pressure air bearing is a sliding bearing which can be applied to the working conditions of high speed, high precision and high rigidity, and has the characteristics of extremely low friction coefficient, zero abrasion, theoretically unlimited service life and the like, and the throttling technology is the core technology of the static pressure air bearing and has great influence on the rigidity, the bearing capacity, the stability and the like of the bearing; the traditional static pressure air bearing often adopts the forms of small hole throttling, surface throttling, slit throttling and the like, the porous throttling technology is widely concerned by the static pressure air bearing industry in recent years, and the porous throttling static pressure air bearing is considered to have higher bearing capacity, more excellent overturn resistance and lower air consumption than the traditional throttling form;
the existing porous throttling bearing adopts a porous graphite material, a porous sintered alloy and other modes, the porous graphite material is combined with a metal back material such as an aluminum alloy and the like by utilizing the characteristic that the graphite material can form a porous structure after being sintered, so that porous throttling is realized, but the graphite material has lower strength, smaller porosity and larger brittleness, and has an expansion coefficient which is obviously different from that of steel commonly used by a mechanical device, and the graphite material is easy to generate the phenomena of smaller air flow, lower bearing capacity and rigidity when being used as an air bearing material, the bearing is easy to generate scraps and the like in the processing or using process;
CN1493420A discloses a porous hydrostatic air bearing using stainless steel as substrate metal and a porous sintered alloy layer on the surface, which can obtain air bearing material and product with satisfactory performance, but still has the following disadvantages:
firstly, the porous sintered alloy layer contains 2-10% of inorganic substance particles (graphite and other materials) which have chemical properties too different from those of the sintered alloy layer and cannot be well combined together during sintering, but are dispersed in the alloy layer, and when the air bearing is used, high-pressure air can cause part of the inorganic particles to be blown out of the bearing, influence the performance of the bearing and have adverse effect on the cleanness of the surrounding environment;
secondly, the strength of the porous sintered alloy layer can be greatly influenced by the addition of the inorganic substance particles, so that a large amount of fine scraps are generated under the action of cutting force during bearing processing to block the porous throttling layer;
thirdly, it can improve the bonding strength of stainless steel and a sintered alloy layer by electroplating nickel and copper on the surface of stainless steel, but the surface of stainless steel contains a certain proportion of chromium, which may be oxidized during sintering, thereby adversely affecting the bonding strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a porous static pressure air bearing and a method for manufacturing the same, which solves the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a porous static pressure air bearing comprises a stainless steel base material and a porous throttling layer, wherein the inner wall of the stainless steel base material is fixedly connected with the porous throttling layer, and the porous throttling layer comprises the following components in formula: tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder.
Preferably, the porous throttling layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-15% of tin powder, 20-35% of nickel powder, 0.5-1.0% of phosphorus copper powder, 0.1-10% of composite graphene powder, 0.1-0.3% of molybdenum disulfide powder and the balance of copper powder.
Preferably, the inner wall of the stainless steel base material is provided with a first air groove, the inner wall of the first air groove is provided with a second air groove in a distributed manner, the number of the second air grooves is at least one, the outer wall of the stainless steel base material is provided with at least one air hole, and the air hole penetrates through the stainless steel base material and is communicated with the second air groove.
Preferably, an electroplating layer is arranged on the surface of the stainless steel substrate combined with the porous throttling layer, the electroplating layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a nickel-plated layer with the thickness of 1-10 mu m, and the surface layer is a copper-plated layer with the thickness of 25-35 mu m.
Preferably, the granularity of the tin powder, the phosphorus copper powder, the nickel powder, the composite graphene powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the copper powder is 25-500 mu m.
Preferably, the composite graphene powder is copper-coated graphene powder with copper on the surface, which is obtained by graphene through a chemical plating method, wherein the weight percentage of graphene is 25-90%.
A preparation method of a porous static pressure air bearing comprises the steps of processing a stainless steel substrate; step two, surface treatment of a stainless steel base material; step three, preparing a porous throttling layer blank; step four, sintering and forming; step five, fine machining;
in the first step, the stainless steel substrate is processed to a required size, and an air hole, a first air groove and a second air groove are processed on the surface of the stainless steel substrate;
in the second step, the stainless steel substrate processed in the first step is subjected to acid cleaning, chromium removing treatment, secondary acid cleaning, nickel plating, copper plating and other processes in sequence, so that the electroplated layer on the surface of the stainless steel substrate reaches the required thickness;
in the third step, mixing tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder according to the formula proportion of the porous throttling layer, and pressing the mixture in a mould to prepare a blank of the porous throttling layer;
in the fourth step, the blank of the porous throttling layer prepared in the third step is placed on the surface of a stainless steel base material, and is sintered and formed at a high temperature under a certain pressure and in a reducing atmosphere;
in the fifth step, the stainless steel substrate and the porous throttling layer assembly sintered in the fourth step are machined to required sizes.
Preferably, in the third step, the pressure for pressing and forming the porous throttling layer blank is 100-700 MPa.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the sintering and forming temperature of the porous throttling layer blank is 800-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through improving the formula components of the porous throttling layer, all the components in the porous throttling layer are combined into a whole, so that the porous throttling layer is prevented from being blocked by scraps generated in the processing process, and the inorganic filler is blown out by high-pressure air in the using process, and meanwhile, the porous throttling layer is firmly combined with the stainless steel base material, so that the airflow is prevented from flowing out of a joint surface during ventilation; the invention carries out chromium stripping treatment on the stainless steel base material in the process, thereby improving the yield in sintering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view sectional structure diagram of a stainless steel substrate according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a stainless steel base material; 2. air holes; 3. a first gas tank; 4. a second gas tank; 5. a porous throttle layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a technical solution provided by the present invention is:
example 1:
a porous static pressure air bearing comprises a stainless steel base material 1 and a porous throttling layer 5, wherein the inner wall of the stainless steel base material 1 is fixedly connected with the porous throttling layer 5, and the formula of the porous throttling layer 5 comprises: tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder; the inner wall of the stainless steel base material 1 is provided with a first air groove 3, the inner wall of the first air groove 3 is distributed with second air grooves 4, the number of the second air grooves 4 is at least one, the outer wall of the stainless steel base material 1 is provided with at least one air hole 2, and the air hole 2 penetrates through the stainless steel base material 1 and then is communicated with the second air grooves 4; an electroplated layer is arranged on the surface of the combination of the stainless steel substrate 1 and the porous throttling layer 5, the electroplated layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a nickel-plated layer with the thickness of 5 mu m, the surface layer is a copper-plated layer with the thickness of 30 mu m; the granularity of the tin powder, the phosphorus copper powder, the nickel powder, the composite graphene powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the copper powder is 100 mu m; the composite graphene powder is copper-coated graphene powder with copper on the surface, which is obtained by graphene through a chemical plating method, wherein the weight percentage of graphene is 40%.
A preparation method of a porous static pressure air bearing comprises the steps of processing a stainless steel substrate; step two, surface treatment of a stainless steel base material; step three, preparing a porous throttling layer blank; step four, sintering and forming; step five, fine machining;
in the first step, a 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel substrate 1 is processed into a shaft sleeve with the inner diameter of 20mm, the outer diameter of 35mm and the length of 20mm, a through hole with the diameter of 3mm is processed in the middle of the length direction to serve as an air hole 2, and a second air groove 4 with the width of 3mm and the depth of 3mm is processed in the middle of a first air groove 3;
in the second step, the stainless steel substrate 1 processed in the first step is sequentially subjected to acid pickling, then is soaked in a chromium stripping solution for 60min, is taken out and cleaned, is subjected to acid pickling again, and then is sequentially electroplated with 5 mu m of nickel and 30 mu m of copper;
adding tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder into a V-shaped mixer in proportion to prepare mixed powder, wherein the weight ratio of each component in the mixed powder is shown in table 1, putting the mixed powder into a die, and pressing the mixed powder into a cylindrical blank under 400MPa, wherein the blank has the size of 15mm in inner diameter, 20mm in outer diameter and 20mm in length;
in the fourth step, the blank prepared in the third step is pressed into the stainless steel substrate 1 treated in the second step, and is sintered for 45 minutes at 900 ℃ in an ammonia decomposition atmosphere;
in the fifth step, the stainless steel substrate 1 and the porous throttling layer 5 which are sintered in the fourth step are machined into a radial air bearing product with the inner diameter of 16mm, the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 18 mm.
Example 2:
the formulations of the mixed powders are as in example 1 and are given in Table 1.
Example 3:
the formulations of the mixed powders are as in example 1 and are given in Table 1.
Example 4:
the formulations of the mixed powders are as in example 1 and are given in Table 1.
Example 5:
the contents were the same as example 1, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 12Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 1.
Example 6:
the contents were the same as example 1, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 12Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 1.
Example 7:
the contents were the same as example 1, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 12Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 1.
Example 8:
the contents were the same as example 1, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 30Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 1.
Example 9:
the contents were the same as example 1, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 30Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 comparative table of ingredients for examples 1-9.
Example 10:
a porous static pressure air bearing comprises a stainless steel base material 1 and a porous throttling layer 5, wherein the inner wall of the stainless steel base material 1 is fixedly connected with the porous throttling layer 5, and the formula of the porous throttling layer 5 comprises: tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder; an electroplated layer is arranged on the surface of the combination of the stainless steel substrate 1 and the porous throttling layer 5, the electroplated layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a nickel-plated layer with the thickness of 3 mu m, the surface layer is a copper-plated layer with the thickness of 25 mu m; the granularity of the tin powder, the phosphorus copper powder, the nickel powder, the composite graphene powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the copper powder is 100 mu m; the composite graphene powder is copper-coated graphene powder with copper on the surface, which is obtained by graphene through a chemical plating method, wherein the weight percentage of graphene is 40%.
A preparation method of a porous static pressure air bearing comprises the steps of processing a stainless steel substrate; step two, surface treatment of a stainless steel base material; step three, preparing a porous throttling layer blank; step four, sintering and forming; step five, fine machining;
in the first step, 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel is processed into a circular plate with the diameter of 54mm and the thickness of 20mm, 2 circular air grooves are processed on the surface of the circular plate, the center positions of the air grooves are respectively phi 20mm and phi 40mm, the width and the depth of each air groove are both 2mm, an air inlet hole with the diameter of 3mm and the depth of 25mm is drilled from the center direction of the thickness, and two phi 2mm are drilled from the circular air grooves and communicated with the air inlet hole;
in the second step, the stainless steel substrate 1 processed in the first step is sequentially subjected to acid pickling, then is soaked in a chromium stripping solution for 60min, is taken out and cleaned, is subjected to acid pickling, and then is sequentially electroplated with 3 mu m nickel and 25 mu m copper;
in the third step, adding tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder into a V-shaped mixer in proportion to prepare mixed powder, wherein the weight ratio of each component in the mixed powder is shown in table 2, putting the mixed powder into a die, and pressing the mixed powder into a circular plate blank under 400MPa, wherein the circular plate blank has the size of 54mm in diameter and 4mm in thickness;
in the fourth step, the circular plate blank prepared in the third step is pressed into the stainless steel substrate 1 treated in the second step, and is sintered for 45 minutes at 920 ℃ in an ammonia decomposition atmosphere;
in the fifth step, the stainless steel substrate 1 and the porous throttling layer 5 which are sintered in the fourth step are machined to form a thrust air bearing product with the diameter of 54mm and the thickness of 20mm, wherein the porous throttling layer 5 is 2mm, and the substrate is 18mm in thickness.
Example 11
The formulations of the mixed powders are as in example 10 and are given in Table 2.
Example 12
The formulations of the mixed powders are as in example 10 and are given in Table 2.
Example 13
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 30Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Example 14
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 30Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Example 15
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 30Cr13, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Example 16
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 06Cr18Ni11Ti, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Example 17
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 06Cr18Ni11Ti, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Example 18
The same procedure as in example 10 was conducted, except that the material of the stainless steel substrate 1 was 06Cr18Ni11Ti, and the formulation of the mixed powder was as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 comparative table of ingredients of examples 10-18.
The products obtained in the above examples were tested for the bonding strength of the porous throttling layer 5 and the stainless steel substrate 1 and the porosity of the porous throttling layer 5, and the test results are shown in table 3, wherein the bonding strength is tested with reference to GB 12948; the test of the throttling porosity is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, processing a prepared sample, removing a stainless steel substrate 1, and only reserving a porous throttling layer 5;
secondly, fully drying the sample in an oven and measuring the mass of the sample;
thirdly, putting the sample into water, and vacuumizing to ensure that the sample fully absorbs water; then taking out and wiping off the moisture on the surface;
finally, the weight of the sample after water absorption was weighed, and the volume fraction of the absorbed water was calculated from the water absorption weight, the water density, and the theoretical density of the alloy material of the porous throttling layer 5 as the porosity of the porous throttling layer 5.
Table 3 comparative table of product properties for examples 1-18.
Based on the above, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the composite graphene material is added into the formula of the porous throttling layer 5 and is sintered together with the copper alloy powder, and the composite graphene material with copper electroplated on the surface can greatly enhance the bonding strength of graphene and other components in the porous throttling layer 5, the composite graphene material can effectively enhance the strength and toughness of the porous throttling layer 5, so that excessive debris can not be generated during bearing processing to block the pores of the porous throttling layer 5; the invention adds the phosphorus copper powder into the formula of the porous throttling layer 5, thereby properly increasing the content of phosphorus element, forming more liquid phase structures during sintering, improving the wettability of the alloy layer and the base material and being effective for increasing the yield; according to the invention, the stainless steel substrate 1 is subjected to chromium stripping treatment before electroplating, so that the chromium content on the surface of the stainless steel substrate 1 can be effectively reduced, the interface bonding during sintering is greatly enhanced, and the yield is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (9)
1. A porous hydrostatic air bearing comprising a stainless steel substrate (1) and a porous throttle layer (5), characterized in that: the inner wall of the stainless steel base material (1) is fixedly connected with a porous throttling layer (5), and the formula of the porous throttling layer (5) comprises: tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder.
2. A porous hydrostatic air bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the mass percentage of each component of the porous throttling layer (5) is as follows: 10-15% of tin powder, 20-35% of nickel powder, 0.5-1.0% of phosphorus copper powder, 0.1-10% of composite graphene powder, 0.1-0.3% of molybdenum disulfide powder and the balance of copper powder.
3. A porous hydrostatic air bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the stainless steel base material is characterized in that a first air groove (3) is formed in the inner wall of the stainless steel base material (1), second air grooves (4) are formed in the inner wall of the first air groove (3) in a distributed mode, at least one second air groove (4) is formed in the number of the second air grooves, air holes (2) are formed in the outer wall of the stainless steel base material (1), at least one air hole (2) is formed in the number of the air holes, and the air holes (2) are communicated with the second air grooves (4) after penetrating through the stainless steel base material (1).
4. A porous hydrostatic air bearing according to claim 1, wherein: an electroplated layer is arranged on the surface of the stainless steel substrate (1) combined with the porous throttling layer (5), the electroplated layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a nickel-plated layer with the thickness of 1-10 mu m, and the surface layer is a copper-plated layer with the thickness of 25-35 mu m.
5. A porous hydrostatic air bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the tin powder, the phosphorus copper powder, the nickel powder, the composite graphene powder, the molybdenum disulfide powder and the copper powder is 25-500 mu m.
6. A porous hydrostatic air bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the composite graphene powder is copper-coated graphene powder with copper on the surface, which is obtained by graphene through a chemical plating method, wherein the weight percentage of graphene is 25-90%.
7. A preparation method of a porous static pressure air bearing comprises the steps of processing a stainless steel substrate; step two, surface treatment of a stainless steel base material; step three, preparing a porous throttling layer blank; step four, sintering and forming; step five, fine machining; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, the stainless steel substrate (1) is processed to a required size, and the air holes (2), the first air grooves (3) and the second air grooves (4) are processed on the surface of the stainless steel substrate;
in the second step, the stainless steel substrate (1) processed in the first step is subjected to acid cleaning, chromium removing treatment, secondary acid cleaning, nickel plating, copper plating and other working procedures in sequence, so that the electroplated layer on the surface of the stainless steel substrate reaches the required thickness;
in the third step, mixing tin powder, nickel powder, phosphorus copper powder, composite graphene powder, molybdenum disulfide powder and copper powder according to the formula proportion of the porous throttling layer (5), and pressing the mixture in a die to form a blank of the porous throttling layer (5);
in the fourth step, the blank of the porous throttling layer (5) prepared in the third step is placed on the surface of the stainless steel base material (1) and is sintered and formed at high temperature under certain pressure and in a reducing atmosphere;
in the fifth step, the stainless steel base material (1) and the porous throttling layer (5) combined body sintered in the fourth step is machined to the required size.
8. The method of manufacturing a porous hydrostatic air bearing of claim 7, wherein: in the third step, the pressure for pressing and forming the blank of the porous throttling layer (5) is 100-700 MPa.
9. The method of manufacturing a porous hydrostatic air bearing of claim 7, wherein: in the fourth step, the sintering and forming temperature of the blank of the porous throttling layer (5) is 800-1000 ℃, and the pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa.
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| US6342306B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-01-29 | Oiles Corporation | Bearing material for porous hydrostatic gas bearing and porous hydrostatic gas bearing using the same |
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