CN113957851A - Ecological restoration structure of reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation and restoration method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structure of reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation and restoration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ecological restoration structure of a pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation and a restoration method thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydro-fluctuation belt restoration. The invention utilizes the shallow pit type bionic cave habitat to carry out shallow surface modification on the porous structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and creates the bionic cave environment suitable for plant growth in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir pond. The bionic cave structure reserves partial soil moisture and partial nutrients of the hydro-fluctuation belt, intercepts partial nutrients in water, provides growth conditions for a seed bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt, enables the habitat of the bionic cave of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank pond to be more beneficial to plant survival and organism inhabitation, and constructs a bionic habitat so as to achieve the effect of ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wetland restoration, in particular to a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration structure based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation and a restoration method thereof.
Background
With the development of social economy and the gradual deepening of ecological civilization construction, the state strengthens the protection and restoration work of the wetland, and the protection and restoration of the wetland ecology become important contents. With the promotion of high-quality development, the ecological quality is continuously improved, and the restoration technical requirements in the field of wetland ecological restoration are higher and higher. The research on the ecological restoration method of the pond-type wetland hydro-fluctuation belt is always a difficult problem to overcome in the field. Therefore, the ecological restoration treatment of the hydro-fluctuation belt becomes a difficult point in the ecological restoration of the wetland in the pond; how to build a growing environment with multiple plant communities and plant diversity in the hydro-fluctuation zone of a pond becomes an important development direction in the technical field.
At present, an ecological restoration method for a pond type wetland hydro-fluctuation belt is based on certain terrain reconstruction and uses a single vegetation community restoration method, but because of factors such as water level elevation, flooding stress and the like, vegetation growth is influenced, and the restoration effect cannot reach an ideal state. The method is particularly suitable for treating the river warehousing hydro-fluctuation belt of gentle slope terrain. But is not suitable for other steep hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir wetland. In the related technology, the ecological restoration and water and soil conservation method for the wide gentle slope hydro-fluctuation belt of the large hydraulic engineering is used for the ecological restoration of the wide gentle slope hydro-fluctuation belt of the large hydraulic engineering, but is not suitable for the ecological restoration of the general hydro-fluctuation belt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art and provides a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration structure based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation and a restoration method thereof.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the ecological restoration structure of the reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation comprises a hydro-fluctuation belt and a bionic cave structure arranged on the hydro-fluctuation belt, the slope of the upstream surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt is not less than 60 degrees, a seed reservoir is placed in the bionic cave structure, and trees are planted in the bionic cave structure.
Preferably, the bionic cave structure comprises a plurality of cave zones arranged according to different water levels, holes are arranged on each cave zone at intervals, and the depth H and the projection length L of the holes on each cave zone along the rising of the water level are gradually increased; the seed bank is located at the hole opening of the hole at each water level, the arbor is planted in the hole opening of the hole at the middle water level and the high water level and close to the hole opening, and the arbor is planted according to the condition that the treetop of the arbor exceeds the water surface by 0.5-1 m.
Preferably, the depth of the holes is 0.2-0.6m, the horizontal projection length of the holes is 0.6-1m, and the interval between adjacent holes of each hole band is 1-2 m.
Preferably, the diameter length of the hole gradually increases from the opening to the inside of the hole, and is 150 degrees away from the water facing surface of the falling zone below the hole.
Preferably, the arbor is sequoia tsugae.
The invention also discloses a method for restoring the ecology of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation, wherein a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and a seed storehouse and a tree are placed in the bionic cave structure.
Preferably, when the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
Preferably, the treatment is to lay the sludge at the bottom layer of the hydro-fluctuation belt on the bionic cave structure.
Preferably, the treatment specifically comprises the steps of adding nutrient soil at the bottom of the bionic cave structure, then placing a seed bank, and finally spraying biomass-based liquefied resin containing a foaming agent with the viscosity of more than 6500mPa.s above the seed bank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the shallow pit type bionic cave habitat to carry out shallow surface modification on the porous structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and creates the bionic cave environment suitable for plant growth in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir pond. The bionic cave structure has different sizes at different water level lines for the holes, can effectively retain partial soil moisture and partial nutrients in the hydro-fluctuation belt, and can intercept partial nutrients in water, thereby providing growth conditions for seed banks of the hydro-fluctuation belt, leading the habitat of the bionic cave in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir pond to be more favorable for plant survival and biological inhabitation, constructing the bionic habitat, and achieving the effect of ecological restoration. In addition, when the soil petrochemical of upstream face or desertification, probably no longer adapt to the growth of vegetation, consequently, through being fixed in the hole with the sedimentary mud in falling and falling area bottom to provide the nutrition demand of seed bank, moreover, through foamer and living beings base liquefied resin, after foaming itself has a large amount of abundant holes, does not influence the respiratory demand and the moisture demand of seed bank, can prevent the washing away of unrestrained simultaneously, protects the location and the later stage growth demand of seed bank better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a hydro-fluctuation belt of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a hydro-fluctuation belt of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the hole of the present invention;
in the figure, 100-falling zone, A-high water level, 200-high water level hole water seal line, B-normal water level, 300-normal water level hole water seal line, C-low water level, 400-low water level hole water seal line, 500-hole, 600-seed bank, 700-arbor.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, the ecological restoration structure of the reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation comprises a hydro-fluctuation belt 100 and a bionic cave structure arranged on the hydro-fluctuation belt 100, wherein the slope of the upstream surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt 100 is not less than 60 degrees, and a seed reservoir 600 and a tree 700 are placed in the bionic cave structure. The bionic cave structure reserves partial soil moisture and partial nutrients of the hydro-fluctuation belt, intercepts partial nutrients in water, provides growth conditions for seed banks and trees of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and enables the habitat of the bionic cave of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank to be more beneficial to plant survival and organism inhabitation, for example, some amphibians inhabit in holes, and other microorganisms live in the holes to build a bionic habitat, so that the ecological restoration effect is achieved.
As embodiment 1 of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features:
the bionic cave structure comprises a plurality of cave zones arranged according to different water levels, 3 cave zones are arranged according to a high water level A, a normal water level B and a low water level C in the embodiment, due to the expansion relationship of the water level lines, the distance between every two adjacent cave zones is 1-3m, preferably 2.5m, holes 500 are arranged on each cave zone at intervals, the intervals are 1-2m, preferably 1.5m, and the rising hole depth H and the hole projection length L of the holes 500 on each cave zone along the water level are gradually increased; the depth H of the holes in the high water level hole water seal line 200 area is not more than 0.6m, the depth H of the holes in the normal water level hole water seal line 300 area is not more than 0.4m, the depth H of the holes in the low water level area 400 is not more than 0.2m, as the low water level hole water seal line 400 area is close to the water area or is positioned in the water area all the year round, the soil humidity in the water area is larger, and the normal water level and the high water level can generate a falling zone due to the rising amplitude of the water level, and the soil humidity in the water area is smaller, the hole depth on the two water level areas is larger, larger water quantity can be stored in the dry period, the soil moisture and partial nutrients can be effectively ensured, the seed bank 600 is positioned in the hole of the hole 500 at each water level and close to the hole, the sunlight can be favorably obtained, the photosynthesis is carried out, the arbor 700 is planted in the hole of the normal water level area and the high water level area and close to the hole, the pressure of the side slope is prevented from being too high due to the growth of the arbor, the arbor is planted according to the condition that the treetop of the arbor exceeds the water surface by 0.8m, and the arbor is preferably selected from the China fir.
The diameter length of the holes 500 is gradually increased from the opening to the inside of the holes, so that the water storage is more facilitated, the holes and the water facing surface of the water-falling zone 100 below the holes are in a shape of 100-150 degrees, the water-falling zone is in a shape of 120 degrees in the embodiment, the arrangement is particularly suitable for a steep water-falling zone, the bionic cave structure and the water facing surface are arranged at a certain angle, when the water level is lowered, the water storage effect can be better achieved, and meanwhile, the holes cannot be easily corroded by wave water or buried.
Example 2: a bionic micro-cave habitat transformation-based ecological restoration method for a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized in that a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream face of a hydro-fluctuation belt 100, and a seed reservoir 600 is placed in the bionic cave structure.
When the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt 100 is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
The treatment is to lay the sludge at the bottom layer of the hydro-fluctuation belt on the bionic cave structure.
Example 3: a bionic micro-cave habitat transformation-based ecological restoration method for a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized in that a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream face of a hydro-fluctuation belt 100, and a seed reservoir 600 is placed in the bionic cave structure.
When the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt 100 is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
The treatment specifically comprises the steps of adding nutrient soil at the bottom of the bionic cave structure, then placing a seed bank 600, and finally spraying biomass-based liquefied resin which has the viscosity of 7000mPa.s and contains 3 wt% of foaming agent above the seed bank 600, wherein the biomass-based liquefied resin can be purchased lignin-based trialdehyde glue, and the foaming agent can be glycine. After spraying, waiting for the foaming to be completed, fixing the prefabricated framework during foaming by adopting the prefabricated framework, and after foaming is completed, moving out the prefabricated framework.
The nutrient soil is a mixture of wood fiber mud carbon, perlite and organic fertilizer (dry cow dung) in a mass ratio of 1:1: 4.
Example 4: a bionic micro-cave habitat transformation-based ecological restoration method for a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized in that a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream face of a hydro-fluctuation belt 100, and a seed reservoir 600 is placed in the bionic cave structure.
When the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt 100 is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
The treatment specifically comprises the steps of adding nutrient soil at the bottom of the bionic cave structure, then placing a seed bank 600, and finally spraying biomass-based liquefied resin which has the viscosity of 8000mPa.s and contains 4 wt% of foaming agent above the seed bank 600, wherein the biomass-based liquefied resin can be purchased lignin-based trialdehyde glue, and the foaming agent can be glycine. After spraying, waiting for the foaming to be completed, fixing the prefabricated framework during foaming by adopting the prefabricated framework, and after foaming is completed, moving out the prefabricated framework. The nutrient soil is a mixture of wood fiber mud carbon, perlite and organic fertilizer (dry cow dung) in a mass ratio of 1:1: 4.
Example 5: a bionic micro-cave habitat transformation-based ecological restoration method for a reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized in that a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream face of a hydro-fluctuation belt 100, and a seed reservoir 600 is placed in the bionic cave structure.
When the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt 100 is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
The treatment specifically comprises the steps of adding nutrient soil at the bottom of the bionic cave structure, then placing a seed bank 600, and finally spraying biomass-based liquefied resin which is 7500mPa.s in viscosity and contains 3.5 wt% of foaming agent above the seed bank 600, wherein the biomass-based liquefied resin can be purchased lignin-based trialdehyde glue, and the foaming agent can be glycine. After spraying, waiting for the foaming to be completed, fixing the prefabricated framework during foaming by adopting the prefabricated framework, and after foaming is completed, moving out the prefabricated framework. The nutrient soil is a mixture of wood fiber mud carbon, perlite and organic fertilizer (dry cow dung) in a mass ratio of 1:1: 4.
The method is characterized in that a test is carried out in a hydro-fluctuation belt selection area which is larger than or equal to 60 degrees in a national wetland park of Zhuxi Wan, soil is sandy, 6 equal areas are divided, a seed bank is directly sprinkled on the hydro-fluctuation belt to serve as a blank control group, a seed bank is sprinkled on a bionic cave structure to serve as a comparative example 1, and the rest is carried out by referring to the embodiment mode, wherein the dry season is 10 months per year to 3 months in the next year; the flood period is 4 months to 9 months per year.
Arranging vegetation on the hydro-fluctuation belt in steps: (i.e., seed bank)
In the high water level region 200: the seed bank adopts Saururi herba, and the arbor is Taxodi chinensis;
in the normal water level region 300: the seed bank adopts water Liao, and the arbor is Taxus chinensis;
in the low water level area 400: the seed bank adopts marsh malus asiatica.
After the test, the vegetation coverage rate is calculated. See in particular the table below.
It can be seen from the above table that, this embodiment is when being directed against the steep slope that this embodiment is more than or equal to 60, vegetation coverage is higher than the comparative example, can know through the analysis of comparative example 1, mainly because through adding mud or increasing nutrient soil, can increase the nutrient substance that the seedbank needs, do benefit to the growth of seedbank, the survival rate is high, moreover through foamer and living beings base liquefied resin, after foaming itself has abundant hole in a large number, do not influence the respiratory demand and the moisture demand of seedbank, can prevent the erodeing of unrestrained water simultaneously, protect the location and the later stage growth demand of seedbank better. Analysis of the blank control group shows that the bionic cave structure reserves part of soil moisture and part of nutrients of the hydro-fluctuation belt, intercepts part of nutrients in water, provides growth conditions for a seed bank of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and enables the habitat of the bionic cave of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the bank pond to be more favorable for plant survival and organism inhabitation so as to achieve the effect of ecological restoration; meanwhile, the embodiment 3-5 is higher than the embodiment 2, the adhesive force of the sludge in sandy soil is possibly insufficient, and the possibility of being washed exists.
The above additional technical features can be freely combined and used in superposition by those skilled in the art without conflict.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the technical solutions that achieve the objects of the present invention by basically the same means are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ecological restoration structure of the reservoir and pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation is characterized by comprising a hydro-fluctuation belt (100) and a bionic cave structure arranged on the hydro-fluctuation belt (100), wherein the slope of the upstream surface of the hydro-fluctuation belt (100) is not less than 60 degrees, a seed reservoir (600) is placed in the bionic cave structure, and a tree is planted in the bionic cave structure.
2. The ecological restoration structure of the pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation of claim 1, which is characterized in that the bionic cave structure comprises a plurality of cave belts arranged according to different water levels, holes (500) are arranged on each cave belt at intervals, and the depth of the holes (500) on each cave belt along the rising of the water level and the projection length of the holes are gradually increased; the seed bank is located at the hole of the hole (500) at each water level, the arbor is planted in the hole of the middle water level and the hole of the high water level and close to the hole, and the arbor is planted according to the condition that the treetop of the arbor exceeds the water surface by 0.5-1 m.
3. The ecological restoration structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse and pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation of claim 2, wherein the depth of the hole (500) is 0.2-0.6m, the horizontal projection length of the hole (500) is 0.6-1m, and the interval between adjacent holes of each cave belt is 1-2 m.
4. The ecological restoration structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse and pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter length of the hole (500) gradually increases from the opening to the inside of the hole, and the hydro-fluctuation belt (100) below the hole has a water facing surface of 100-150 °.
5. The ecological restoration structure of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation of claim 1, wherein the arbor is the taxus chinensis.
6. A method for restoring ecology of a pond hydro-fluctuation belt based on bionic micro-cave habitat transformation is characterized in that a bionic cave structure is constructed on the upstream face of a hydro-fluctuation belt (100), and a seed bank (600) and a tree are placed in the bionic cave structure.
7. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse and pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation of claim 6, characterized in that when the upstream soil of the hydro-fluctuation belt (100) is hard or sandy, the soil is treated after the bionic cave structure is constructed.
8. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse and pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the treatment is specifically to lay the sludge on the bottom layer of the hydro-fluctuation belt on the bionic cave structure.
9. The ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt of the storehouse pond based on the bionic micro-cave habitat transformation as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the treatment is specifically to add nutrient soil at the bottom of the bionic micro-cave structure, then place the seed storehouse (600), and finally spray the biomass-based liquefied resin containing foaming agent with viscosity of more than 6500mPa.s above the seed storehouse (600).
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