CN113957228A - Heat treatment process for transmission motor shaft - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for transmission motor shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113957228A CN113957228A CN202111177035.9A CN202111177035A CN113957228A CN 113957228 A CN113957228 A CN 113957228A CN 202111177035 A CN202111177035 A CN 202111177035A CN 113957228 A CN113957228 A CN 113957228A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of processing of transmission motor shafts, and particularly discloses a heat treatment process for a transmission motor shaft. The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps: charging; pre-cleaning; preheating: heating to 810 and 830 ℃, and keeping for 20-40 min; carburizing and quenching; then cleaning; and (6) tempering. The heat treatment process for the transmission motor shaft can effectively reduce the possibility of deformation of the spline at the end part of the motor shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of transmission motor shaft machining, in particular to a transmission motor shaft heat treatment process.
Background
The motor shaft is a rotating body with high rotating speed and less support, and in the motor, the power of the motor is mainly transmitted to an accessory connected with the motor shaft so as to achieve the purpose of driving the relevant accessory to rotate. The motor shaft is mainly made of steel, and is usually subjected to heat treatment in the manufacturing process, so that the motor shaft has high strength, excellent toughness, excellent plasticity and the like, and excellent mechanical properties.
The heat treatment processing generally comprises quenching and tempering, wherein after quenching, the internal stress of the motor shaft is increased, the motor shaft is brittle, and the tempering is combined to eliminate the stress, so that the toughness of the motor shaft is enhanced, the strength of the motor shaft is adjusted, and the mechanical property of the motor shaft is shaped. The combination of quenching and tempering can effectively ensure that the motor shaft has excellent mechanical properties, and is a mode for processing the motor shaft widely used by most enterprises at present.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor finds that after the motor shaft is subjected to heat treatment, the size of the motor shaft is easily deformed, and especially the size deformation of the spline at the end of the motor shaft is obvious. Therefore, how to optimize the heat treatment process to improve the dimensional deformation of the motor shaft is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the motor shaft spline is subjected to size deformation in the heat treatment process, the application provides a heat treatment process of a transmission motor shaft.
The heat treatment process for the transmission motor shaft adopts the following technical scheme:
the heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
charging;
pre-cleaning;
preheating: heating to 810 and 830 ℃, and keeping for 20-40 min;
carburizing and quenching;
then cleaning;
and (6) tempering.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature of carburizing and quenching is generally about 900-.
Preferably, after the charging, a preliminary heat treatment operation is carried out, in particular: heating to 920-940 ℃, keeping for 170-190min, cooling, and then preheating.
By adopting the technical scheme, the motor shaft is subjected to the pre-heat treatment operation, the metal structure crystal grains can be refined, the defects of component segregation, banded structures and the like of the raw material of the motor shaft are improved, the uniformity of the internal structure of the raw material is improved, and the possibility of deformation of the motor shaft is reduced.
Preferably, when charging, the motor shaft is supported by the support plate, and the support plate is provided with a plurality of oil passing holes.
Preferably, the hole diameter of the oil passing holes is 10-12mm, and the distance between the adjacent oil passing holes is 28-32 mm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the backup pad to effectively support the motor shaft, reduce the motor shaft and produce the possibility of warping under self gravity, simultaneously, ensure the circulation of quenching oil with the help of passing the oilhole to under the prerequisite that can make the motor shaft quench hard, also can reduce the possibility that the motor shaft produced the deformation.
Preferably, the carburizing and quenching specifically comprises the following operations:
s1, soaking, heating to 890-910 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20-40min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, a strong infiltration stage, wherein the temperature is kept at 890-910 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept at 110-130 min;
s3, a diffusion stage, wherein the temperature is kept at 890-910 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75 percent and kept for 80-100 min;
s4, a temperature reduction and soaking stage, wherein the temperature is maintained at 790 and 810 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75 percent, and the temperature is maintained for 20-40 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃ and 140 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil groove at 20Hz, and keeping the stirring speed for 20-40 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the activated carbon atoms generated by the carburizing medium are favorably dissolved into the surface austenite of the motor shaft, and the activated carbon atoms are favorably diffused towards the inside of the motor shaft, so that the performances of the motor shaft, such as strength, impact toughness, wear resistance and the like, are enhanced. Meanwhile, the motor shaft is cooled by hot oil for relieving the cooling speed of the motor shaft, so that the phenomena of uneven cooling and large stress generated in the rapid cooling process of the motor shaft and easy deformation of the motor shaft can be reduced.
Preferably, the temperature in the tempering operation is 180-.
By adopting the technical scheme, the internal stress and brittleness of the motor shaft after quenching can be reduced, and the high hardness and high strength of the motor shaft are kept.
Preferably, in the pre-cleaning, a cleaning solvent is used for vacuum soaking and cleaning the motor shaft, and the cleaning temperature is 110-.
Preferably, in the post-cleaning, a cleaning solvent is adopted to perform vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft, and the cleaning temperature is 110-.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, on the one hand, reduce the influence of the remaining oil stain in motor shaft surface to heat treatment quality, on the other hand, reduce and can produce a large amount of flue gases in follow-up tempering operation, and then can influence the possibility that tempering equipment and staff are healthy.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. this application is through increasing the operation of preheating for the temperature rising speed of motor shaft obtains slowing down, has reduced the thermal stress that the motor shaft produced under high temperature, thereby has reduced the possibility that the motor shaft takes place to warp after the thermal treatment processing.
2. The method and the device have the advantages that the operation of pre-heat treatment is added, so that the composition segregation and the banded structure in the raw materials of the motor shaft are improved, and the deformation of the motor shaft is reduced.
3. This application has reduced the possibility that the motor shaft produces the deformation because of self gravity through changing the mode of loading.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a charge supported on a motor shaft by a support net.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the charge supported by the support plate on the motor shaft.
Fig. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a motor shaft in comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic photograph of a motor shaft in example 5.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a motor shaft; 2. a loading frame; 3. a support net; 4. a support plate; 41. and an oil passing hole.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
The spline at the end of the motor shaft is deformed during the heat treatment process mainly due to the action of thermal stress and tissue stress generated inside the motor shaft during the heat treatment process, and besides, the deformation of the spline at the end of the motor shaft is also influenced by the gravity of the motor shaft and the raw material components of the motor shaft. In contrast, the applicant researches and discovers that the defects of component segregation and the like of the motor shaft raw material can be effectively improved and the uniformity of the internal structure of the raw material can be improved by adding the pre-heat treatment operation in the existing process; the operation of preheating is added before the carburizing and quenching process, so that the temperature is increased in a step shape, the thermal stress generated by the motor shaft at high temperature can be reduced, and the problem of deformation of the spline at the end part of the motor shaft is further solved.
In addition, the traditional charging method adopts a supporting net to support the motor shaft, and the perforated supporting plate is used for supporting the motor shaft by changing the charging mode, so that the possibility of spline deformation caused by the self gravity of the motor shaft can be reduced. Synthesize above improvement scheme, but the deformation's of the spline emergence possibility of greatly reduced motor shaft tip, this application is just based on above-mentioned discovery is made.
The equipment for cleaning the motor shaft in the application is an HWBV vacuum soaking cleaning machine which is purchased from Jiangsu Fengdong; the carburizing and quenching equipment is an UBG series box type multipurpose furnace, which is manufactured by Jiangsu Toyodong, the carburizing atmosphere type is a dripping type atmosphere, the carrier gas is methanol, and the enriching agent is propane; the equipment used for tempering is a box-type tempering furnace, which is purchased from Jiangsu Fengdong; the equipment used for shot blasting is a suspension type shot blasting machine which is purchased from Jiangsu Fengdong manufacturing; the hydrocarbon solvent used in the cleaning is a cleaning agent conventionally used in the field, and D30 solvent oil is used in the application and is purchased from Jinxin flying Yuxiang commercial and trade in Jinan.
The motor shaft used in the application is hollow, one end of the motor shaft is provided with an internal spline, the rod spanning distance of the upper end of the spline before heat treatment is 26.572mm, and the rod spanning distance of the lower end of the spline is 26.532 mm; the other end has an inner diameter of 28mm and an outer diameter of 32 mm.
Examples
Example 1
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, and supporting the motor shaft by using a supporting net as shown in figure 1;
pre-cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
preheating, namely putting the cleaned motor shaft and the loading frame into a furnace, heating to 810 ℃, and keeping for 20 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 890 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept for 110 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the carbon potential is kept for 80 min;
s4, cooling and soaking, wherein the temperature is maintained at 790 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the temperature is maintained for 20 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil tank at 20Hz, and keeping for 20 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 110 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Example 2
The present example differs from example 1 only in that the temperature is raised beforehand, the cleaned motor shaft is placed in a furnace together with a charging frame, and the temperature is raised to 820 ℃ for 30 min.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that the temperature is raised in advance, the cleaned motor shaft is put into a furnace together with a charging frame, and the temperature is raised to 830 ℃ for 40 min.
Example 4
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, and supporting the motor shaft by using a supporting net as shown in figure 1;
pre-cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
pre-heat treatment, placing the motor shaft and the charging frame in a furnace, heating to 920 ℃, keeping for 170min, taking out the motor shaft, and cooling to room temperature, or in other embodiments, placing the motor shaft in a front chamber in the furnace for slow cooling for 90 min;
preheating, namely putting the motor shaft and the charging frame into a furnace, heating to 810 ℃, and keeping for 20 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 890 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept for 110 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the carbon potential is kept for 80 min;
s4, cooling and soaking, wherein the temperature is maintained at 790 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the temperature is maintained for 20 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil tank at 20Hz, and keeping for 20 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 110 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 only in that, in the preliminary heat treatment, the motor shaft was placed in a furnace together with the charging frame, heated to 930 ℃ for 180min, and then taken out and cooled to room temperature.
Example 6
This example differs from example 4 only in that, in the preliminary heat treatment, the motor shaft was placed in a furnace together with the charging frame, heated to 940 ℃ for 190min, and then taken out and cooled to room temperature.
Example 7
This example differs from example 4 only in that, in the preliminary heat treatment, the motor shaft was placed in a furnace together with the charging frame, heated to 970 ℃, held for 180min, and then taken out and cooled to room temperature.
Example 8
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, as shown in fig. 2, a support plate provided with oil passing holes is adopted to support the motor shaft, the oil passing holes in the support plate are uniformly distributed, the aperture of each oil passing hole is 10mm, and the distance between every two adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm;
pre-cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
preheating, namely putting the cleaned motor shaft and the loading frame into a furnace, heating to 810 ℃, and keeping for 20 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 890 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept for 110 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the carbon potential is kept for 80 min;
s4, cooling and soaking, wherein the temperature is maintained at 790 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the temperature is maintained for 20 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil tank at 20Hz, and keeping for 20 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 110 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Example 9
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 8 is that the diameter of the oil passing holes is 11mm, and the distance between the adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm.
Example 10
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 8 is only that the hole diameter of the oil passing holes is 12mm, and the distance between the adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm.
Example 11
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 8 is only that the hole diameter of the oil passing holes is 6mm, and the distance between the adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm.
Example 12
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, and supporting the motor shaft by using a supporting net as shown in figure 1;
the method comprises the following steps of firstly cleaning, namely soaking and cleaning a motor shaft in vacuum by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 120 ℃;
preheating, namely putting the cleaned motor shaft and the loading frame into a furnace, heating to 810 ℃, and keeping for 20 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 900 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 30min without controlling;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.95 percent and keeping for 120 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.75 percent and keeping for 90 min;
s4, cooling and soaking, wherein the temperature is kept at 800 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the carbon potential is kept for 30 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 130 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil tank at 20Hz, and keeping for 30 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 120 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 190 ℃ for 110 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Example 13
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, and supporting the motor shaft by using a supporting net as shown in figure 1;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out front cleaning, namely carrying out vacuum soaking cleaning on a motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 130 ℃;
preheating, namely putting the cleaned motor shaft and the loading frame into a furnace, heating to 810 ℃, and keeping for 20 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 910 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 40min without controlling;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, keeping the temperature at 910 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.95 percent and keeping for 130 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, keeping the temperature at 910 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.75 percent and keeping for 100 min;
s4, cooling and soaking, keeping the temperature at 810 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping for 40 min;
s5, in the cooling stage, the oil temperature is kept at 140 ℃, the stirring speed of the oil groove is 20Hz, and the stirring time is kept for 40 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 130 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ for 130 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Example 14
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, as shown in fig. 2, a support plate provided with oil passing holes is adopted to support the motor shaft, the oil passing holes in the support plate are uniformly distributed, the aperture of each oil passing hole is 10mm, and the distance between every two adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm;
pre-cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
preheating, namely placing the motor shaft and the charging frame in a furnace, heating to 930 ℃, keeping for 180min, then taking out the motor shaft, and cooling to room temperature, wherein in other embodiments, the motor shaft can also be placed in a front chamber in the furnace for slow cooling for 90 min;
preheating, namely putting the motor shaft and the charging frame into a furnace, heating to 820 ℃, and keeping for 30 min;
carburizing and quenching: s1, soaking, heating to 900 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 30min without controlling;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.95 percent and keeping for 120 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.75 percent and keeping for 90 min;
s4, cooling, keeping the temperature at 800 ℃, controlling the carbon potential at 0.75%, and keeping for 30 min;
s5, cooling by using Deng Wen graded quenching oil, keeping the oil temperature at 130 ℃, the oil tank stirring speed at 20Hz, and keeping for 30 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 120 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 190 ℃ for 120 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft comprises the following steps:
loading, namely loading a motor shaft into a loading frame, wherein one end of the motor shaft, which is provided with a spline, is placed upwards, and supporting the motor shaft by using a supporting net as shown in figure 1;
pre-cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
carburizing and quenching: putting the cleaned motor shaft and a loading frame into a furnace, and then performing carburizing and quenching operation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking, heating to 890 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, in the strong infiltration stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept for 110 min;
s3, in the diffusion stage, the temperature is kept at 890 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75%, and the carbon potential is kept for 80 min;
s4, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil groove at 20Hz, and keeping for 20 min;
cleaning, namely performing vacuum soaking cleaning on the carburized and quenched motor shaft by adopting a hydrocarbon solvent, wherein the cleaning temperature is 110 ℃;
tempering, namely placing the motor shaft and the loading frame in a tempering furnace, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 110 min;
checking, namely detecting the surface hardness of the motor shaft;
and (4) shot blasting, namely placing a motor shaft in the shot blasting machine, and performing shot blasting operation according to the operation instruction of the shot blasting machine.
Performance test
Test one: for the motor shafts subjected to heat treatment in examples 1 to 3, 12 to 13, and 1, 10 samples were taken, and the effective hardened layer depth of the surface of each group of samples was measured by using a Shanghai constant-MH-6 micro Vickers hardness tester in accordance with GB/T9451-2005 determination of the total hardened layer depth or the effective hardened layer depth of the thin surface of the steel member, and GB/T4340.1-1999 part 1 of the Metal Vickers hardness test: test methods, the surface hardness of the test specimens was measured using a Shanghai Hengyi VH-5 Vickers hardness tester, and the measurement results were averaged for each group. In addition, referring to GB/T3478.1-2008 'cylindrical straight tooth involute spline', the rod span distances of the upper end and the lower end of the spline of each sample are respectively measured, if the rod span distances of the upper end and the lower end of the spline fall within the range of 26.457-26.557mm, the test is qualified, and the dimensional deformation of the spline in the heat treatment process of the motor shaft is controlled.
Table 1 test results of test one
Referring to table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the deformation of the splines at the end of the motor shaft is significantly improved in examples 1 to 3, 12 and 13, the yield can reach more than 80%, and the effective hardened layer depth and the surface hardness of the motor shaft are relatively excellent, which indicates that the possibility of deformation after heat treatment processing of the splines at the end of the motor shaft can be effectively improved by increasing the preheating operation before carburizing and quenching.
The yield of the motor shaft in the embodiments 12 and 13 is lower than that in the embodiments 2 and 3, which shows that the change of the carburizing and quenching process parameters has little effect on controlling the spline deformation and mainly influences the effective hardened layer depth and the surface hardness of the motor shaft.
And (2) test II: by taking example 5 and comparative example 1 as examples, 1 sample was taken, and the metallographic structure of each group of samples was examined by using a Zeiss metallographic microscope Axio Observer 3m in accordance with GB/T13298-. In addition, for the motor shafts subjected to heat treatment processing in examples 4 to 7 and comparative example 1, 10 samples are respectively taken, the dimension of the cross-rod distance between the upper end and the lower end of the spline of each sample is respectively measured with reference to GB/T3478.1-2008 "cylindrical straight tooth involute spline", and if the cross-rod distance dimension of the upper end and the lower end of the spline falls within the range of 26.457-26.557mm, the test is qualified, which indicates that the spline dimensional deformation is controlled during the heat treatment process of the motor shaft.
TABLE 2 test results of test two
As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen from the metallographic photograph of the motor shaft in comparative example 1 that the distribution of pearlite and ferrite has a banding tendency, whereas it can be seen from the metallographic photograph of the motor shaft in example 5 shown in fig. 4 that the distribution of pearlite and ferrite is equiaxed. The banded distribution of pearlite and ferrite easily causes the transverse properties of the raw material to be low, thereby reducing the impact toughness and the reduction of area of the raw material and easily causing deformation of parts during heat treatment processing. Combining the metallographic photographs in the embodiment 5 and the comparative example 1, it can be known that the preliminary heat treatment step added in the application for the motor shaft can effectively improve the defects of internal component segregation, banded structures and the like of the raw materials, so that the uniformity of the internal structure of the raw materials is improved, and the possibility of deformation of the spline at the end part of the motor shaft is reduced.
And (3) test III: for the heat-treated motor shafts of examples 1 and 8 to 11, 10 samples were taken, respectively, and the motor shaft was cut along the axis of the hole in the middle of the motor shaft to expose the inner surface of the hole, and the effective hardened layer depth of the inner hole surface of the motor shaft and the hardness at a position 0.1mm from the inner hole surface were measured by the above method, and the results of each set were averaged. And (3) respectively measuring the cross-rod distance sizes of the upper end and the lower end of the spline of each sample by referring to GB/T3478.1-2008 'cylindrical straight tooth involute spline', and if the cross-rod distance sizes of the upper end and the lower end of the spline fall within the range of 26.457-26.557mm, determining that the test sample is qualified, and indicating that the size deformation of the spline in the heat treatment process of the motor shaft is controlled.
TABLE 3 test results of test three
As can be seen from table 3, after the charging mode is changed, the spline deformation size at the end of the motor shaft in examples 8 to 10 is controlled, which indicates that the supporting plate can enhance the stress mode and stress area of the motor shaft and reduce the possibility of deformation of the motor shaft due to its own weight at high temperature, compared with the case of supporting the motor shaft by using the supporting net; meanwhile, the oil passing holes are formed according to the range disclosed by the application, so that the circulation of quenching oil can be effectively ensured, hardening of the motor shaft is facilitated, and the deformation of the motor shaft is further reduced.
The method for detecting the qualified rate of the motor shaft is adopted by aiming at 10 motor shaft samples in the embodiment 14, the detected qualified rate is 100%, and therefore, in the heat treatment processing of the motor shaft, the possibility that the spline at the end part of the motor shaft is deformed can be better reduced by combining the heat treatment in advance, the temperature rise in advance and the change of the charging mode, and the processed motor shaft can better meet the production requirements of enterprises.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The heat treatment process of the transmission motor shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
charging;
pre-cleaning;
preheating: heating to 810 and 830 ℃, and keeping for 20-40 min;
carburizing and quenching;
then cleaning;
and (6) tempering.
2. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after charging, carrying out a preliminary heat treatment operation, specifically: heating to 920-940 ℃, keeping for 170-190min, cooling, and then preheating.
3. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when feeding, the motor shaft is supported by the supporting plate, and the supporting plate is provided with a plurality of oil passing holes.
4. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the aperture of the oil passing holes is 10-12mm, and the distance between every two adjacent oil passing holes is 30 mm.
5. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concrete operations of carburizing and quenching are as follows:
s1, soaking, heating to 890-910 ℃, keeping the carbon potential for 20-40min without controlling the carbon potential;
s2, a strong infiltration stage, wherein the temperature is kept at 890-910 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.95 percent, and the temperature is kept at 110-130 min;
s3, a diffusion stage, wherein the temperature is kept at 890-910 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75 percent and kept for 80-100 min;
s4, a temperature reduction and soaking stage, wherein the temperature is maintained at 790 and 810 ℃, the carbon potential is controlled at 0.75 percent, and the temperature is maintained for 20-40 min;
s5, cooling, keeping the oil temperature at 120 ℃ and 140 ℃, keeping the stirring speed of the oil groove at 20Hz, and keeping the stirring speed for 20-40 min.
6. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the annealing operation, the temperature is 180-.
7. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the front cleaning, a cleaning solvent is adopted to carry out vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft, and the cleaning temperature is 110-130 ℃.
8. The heat treatment process for the shaft of the transmission motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the post-cleaning, a cleaning solvent is adopted to carry out vacuum soaking cleaning on the motor shaft, and the cleaning temperature is 110-130 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117448733A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-01-26 | 安徽天瑞精密汽车零部件有限公司 | Heat treatment process for main shaft of large rotary hydraulic motor of excavator |
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