CN113957225A - Optimization method for heating process of plate blank of roller-hearth heat treatment furnace - Google Patents
Optimization method for heating process of plate blank of roller-hearth heat treatment furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN113957225A CN113957225A CN202111210658.1A CN202111210658A CN113957225A CN 113957225 A CN113957225 A CN 113957225A CN 202111210658 A CN202111210658 A CN 202111210658A CN 113957225 A CN113957225 A CN 113957225A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace, which comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of the roller-hearth heat treatment furnace, taking a model of plate blank movement and a model of radiant tube heating into consideration, and taking the time for the plate blank to reach austenitizing temperature obtained by simulation and the heat preservation time suggested by documents as the heating time and the heat preservation time of a new heating process of the plate blank, so that the precision of the plate blank heating process and the quality of the plate blank after heat treatment can be improved, and the method has potential application prospect and practical value in the field of steel industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and engineering, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace.
Background
The purpose of the heat treatment is to improve the mechanical properties of the material, such as toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, etc. Heating of the material is an important part of the heat treatment process. In view of the continuous development of the technology, the requirements for the heat treatment are increasing, especially the precision and uniformity of the temperature zone inside the slab. However, obtaining an accurate temperature inside the slab by means of a measuring device is a difficult task. Therefore, a suitable numerical model becomes a powerful tool for temperature field prediction. It not only predicts the temperature distribution of the slab and furnace, but also optimizes the slab heating process, determines the cause of slab temperature fluctuation, and identifies potential improvements to the furnace. Significant progress has been made in recent years in practical and commercial applications.
Through analytical studies on the heating process used in the current plant, it was found that the plant heated the slab only through the heating process determined by empirical formula (1), where 1.3 is the heating coefficient, 8 is the slab thickness, 25 is the holding time, and ± 5 is the allowable time error. The heating process thus determined has certain errors that may have a certain negative impact on the quality of the heat-treated slabs.
t＝1.3×h+25±5 (1)
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an optimization method for a heating process of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace slab, so as to solve the problem that the heating process of the roller-hearth heat treatment slab in the prior art is lack of a method for determining proper heating parameters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace comprises the following steps:
and 3, determining the time for completely transforming the plate blank (4) into austenite according to the simulated temperature change curve, wherein the time for completely transforming into austenite is the heating time.
The invention is further improved in that:
preferably, in the step 2, in the process of simulating the three-dimensional numerical model, a Rearizable k-epsilon turbulence model, a DO radiation model and an EDC combustion model are selected.
Preferably, in step 2, the movement of the slab (2) on the transport rollers (2) is achieved by an elastic smoothing method in the dynamic grid technology.
Preferably, in the step 2, three thermocouples are arranged on the lower surface, three thermocouples are arranged on the central layer, and three thermocouples are arranged on the upper surface;
the thermocouples on the two outer sides of the lower surface are arranged on one diagonal line of the slab (4), and the thermocouples on the two outer sides of the upper surface are arranged on the other diagonal line of the slab (4); the three thermocouples of the central layer are arranged on the central line of the slab (4).
Preferably, in step 2, the set value is 50K.
Preferably, in step 3, the slab (4) is kept warm after it has been completely transformed into austenite in the heating furnace.
Preferably, in the step 1, the outer wall (9) of the radiant tube (4) is a double-sided wall, and both sides of the outer wall (9) of the radiant tube are infinite thin-wall areas.
Preferably, in step 2, two infinite thin-wall regions are coupled, and in the simulation process, the coupled wall surfaces perform radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer.
Preferably, in the step 1, a three-dimensional geometric model of the radiant tube (4), the slab (3) and the transport roller (2) in the heating furnace is established, and the three-dimensional geometric model is subjected to unstructured grid division to obtain a three-dimensional numerical model.
Preferably, in step 1, after the three-dimensional geometric model is gridded, the unstructured grids of the radiant tube (4) and the slab (3) are encrypted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace, which comprises the steps of establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of the roller-hearth heat treatment furnace, taking a model of plate blank movement and a model of radiant tube heating into consideration, and taking the time for the plate blank to reach austenitizing temperature obtained by simulation and the heat preservation time suggested by documents as the heating time and the heat preservation time of a new heating process of the plate blank, so that the precision of the plate blank heating process and the quality of the plate blank after heat treatment can be improved, and the method has potential application prospect and practical value in the field of steel industry.
(1) Compared with the heating process determined by the traditional empirical formula, the heating process determined by numerical simulation in the method has higher precision and accuracy, and the quality of the plate blank after heat treatment can be improved.
(2) The numerical model established by the method can optimize the slab heating process, determine the reason of slab temperature fluctuation and identify the potential improvement of the heating furnace.
(3) Compared with the heating process determined by an empirical formula, the heating process determined by numerical simulation has higher precision and accuracy, and has potential application prospect and practical value in the field of iron and steel industry.
Furthermore, all heat exchange models are considered in the simulation process, and the heat transfer precision in the simulation process is guaranteed.
Further, the slab continuously moves in the simulation process, so that the state of the slab in the heating furnace can be really reduced.
Further, three thermocouples are provided on each layer, and the thermocouples on each layer are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center point of the slab, so that it is possible to obtain curves of the center portion and the side portions of the slab.
Furthermore, the grids after the radiant tubes and the plate blanks are divided are encrypted, so that the simulation process of the heat radiation source and the heat receiving source is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing a heating process of a slab in a roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional numerical model of a roller hearth furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flowchart of step S1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional numerical model of a part of a roll-bottom type heat treatment furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a grid of a roller hearth furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a thermocouple of an embodiment of the present invention in a specific position on a slab;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the average temperature variation of the slab in the roller hearth heat treatment furnace obtained through simulation and experiment according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a detailed flowchart of step S3 in FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the temperature variation of the slab in the roller hearth heat treatment furnace obtained by simulation in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-furnace body; 2-transport rollers; 3-a plate blank; 4-a radiant tube; 5-a gas inlet; 6-primary air inlet; 7-a secondary air inlet; 8-lining tube; 9-the outer wall of the radiant tube; 10-flue gas outlet
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace, which is based on a device system comprising a furnace body 1, a conveying roller 2, a plurality of plate blanks 3 on the conveying roller and a plurality of radiant tubes 4 on two sides of the furnace body 1, and particularly, referring to fig. 2 and 4, the conveying roller 2 is arranged at the lower part inside the furnace body 4, the conveying roller 2 is arranged at equal intervals along the conveying direction of the furnace body 4, the plate blanks 3 are placed on the conveying roller 2, and the conveying roller 2 rotates to drive the plate blanks 3 to move towards the advancing direction. A plurality of dry radiant tubes 4 are arranged on two side wall surfaces of the furnace body 4, and the radiant tubes 4 emit heat and are added with the plate blank 3. The radiant tube 4 comprises a radiant tube outer wall 9, the end part of the radiant tube 4 connected with the side wall of the furnace body 1 is set as the rear end, and the end part of the radiant tube 4 spraying out flame is the front end. The inner lining pipe 8 is arranged in the radiation pipe 4 in sequence along the direction from back to front, the lining pipe 8 is divided into a front end part 81 and a rear end part 82, the front end part 81 and the rear end part 82 are communicated through a connecting pipe, a gas inlet 5 is arranged at the center position of the front end part 81, the annular part of the front end part 81 surrounding the gas inlet 5 is a primary air inlet 6, the annular part between the front end part 81 and the outer wall 9 of the radiation pipe is a smoke outlet 10, after air and gas are mixed in the front end part 81, the air and the gas enter the rear end part 82 through the connecting pipe to be combusted, and the front end surface of the rear end part 82 is provided with a secondary air inlet 7. Referring to fig. 1, the simulation method based on the device of the method comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the structure of the heat treatment furnace to be simulated, the spatial structure and distribution of the radiant tubes 4 and the self structure and arrangement of the plate blank 3 and the transport rollers 2, a three-dimensional numerical model is established, referring to fig. 3, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
a three-dimensional geometric model of the heat treatment furnace is established according to the spatial structure of the furnace body of the heat treatment furnace and all parts in the furnace body, in the model, the outer wall 9 of the radiant tube between the fluid domain in the radiant tube 4 and furnace gas is modeled into a double-sided wall, and the inner wall and the outer wall on both sides of the double-sided wall are unique infinite thin-wall regions. The wall areas on both sides of the outer wall 9 of the radiant tube are coupled as coupling wall conditions for radiation and convection heat transfer.
And carrying out non-structural grid division on the established three-dimensional geometric model of the heat treatment furnace to obtain a three-dimensional numerical model, as shown in figure 5.
S2: according to preset parameters, carrying out numerical simulation on the heating process in the furnace by using simulation software Fluent, and verifying a simulation result;
according to preset parameters, numerical simulation of the heating process in the furnace by using simulation software Fluent comprises the steps of introducing a divided mesh model of the heat treatment furnace into Fluent, and selecting a readable k-epsilon turbulence model, a DO (discrete coordinate) radiation model and an EDC (vortex dissipation concept) combustion model, wherein the three models have higher precision and practicability for describing the combustion and radiation of flame under the turbulence condition. According to the material properties of the slab, thermophysical parameters (including density, thermal conductivity coefficient, specific heat capacity and the like) of the slab (in the embodiment, a steel plate is selected) are set, then related parameters of gas flow and air flow of a burner in a radiant tube and boundary conditions of a furnace wall, the steel plate and a roller way are set, the movement of the slab on a transport roller is realized by an elastic fairing method in a moving grid technology, finally, the total time step length is set, and solution calculation is started by a finite volume method to obtain the temperature change of the slab in the heating time of the prior art.
Thermocouples are arranged in the plate blank 3 to respectively measure the temperature changes of different depths and different positions of different plate blanks. More specifically, referring to fig. 6, three thermocouples # 1, #4, #7 are placed on the lower surface of the slab 3 along the thickness direction of the slab 3, three thermocouples # 2, #5, #8 are placed on the central surface of the slab 3, and three thermocouples # 3, #6, #9 are placed on the upper surface of the slab 3. Wherein #1 and #7 are on the diagonal of the slab 3, #3 and #9 are on the other diagonal of the slab 3, and #2 and #8 are on the center line of the slab 3. #4, #5, and #6 are all disposed at the middle position of the slab 3 and on the center line. Each thermocouple is connected with the temperature recorder, so that the temperature recorder can display the temperature change rule of each thermocouple.
The temperature change of the slab heating process is verified through a black box experiment.
S3: determining a new heating process according to the heating time of the plate blank determined by the simulation result and the suggested heat preservation time;
the time of the plate blank reaching the austenitizing temperature obtained according to the simulation result is used as the heating time of the new plate blank heating process;
the holding time of the slab material according to the proposal of the document is taken as the holding time of the slab new heating process.
Example one
Step S1, establishing a three-dimensional numerical model according to the structure of the heat treatment furnace to be simulated, the spatial structure and distribution of the radiant tube burners, and the self structure and arrangement of the plate blank and the conveying roller;
a three-dimensional numerical model of the heat treatment furnace is established according to the space structure of the outer furnace body and the inner parts of the heat treatment furnace, and the furnace body 1, the transport rollers 2, the plurality of slabs 3 on the transport rollers and the space structures of the plurality of radiant tubes 4 on two sides of the furnace body 1 are shown in figure 2.
Wherein, referring to fig. 3, step S1 includes:
s11, establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the heat treatment furnace according to the spatial structure of the furnace body of the heat treatment furnace and the internal parts of the furnace body;
in the three-dimensional numerical model of a part in the furnace, a furnace body 1, a conveying roller 2, a plate blank 3, a radiant tube 4, a fuel gas inlet 5, a primary air inlet 6, a secondary air inlet 7, an inner lining tube 8, a radiant tube outer wall 9 and a smoke outlet 10 are shown in figure 4. The gas in the radiant tube is sprayed out from a gas inlet 5 and is mixed with the air sprayed out from a primary air inlet 6 and a secondary air inlet 7 to be combusted in the radiant tube. The outer walls 9 of the radiant tubes are heated to a high temperature, and the slab 3 is indirectly heated in the furnace by radiant heat exchange. The radiant tubes 4 with the length of 3250mm and 1760mm are arranged in the furnace in a staggered way. In this model, the outer radiant tube wall 9 between the fluid field inside the radiant tube and the furnace gas is modeled as a so-called "double wall", with each side of the wall being a unique infinite thin-wall region. The wall areas on both sides are coupled as coupling wall conditions (radiant tube outer wall 9) for radiation and convection heat transfer.
And step S12, carrying out non-structural grid division on the established three-dimensional numerical model of the heat treatment furnace.
And generating the non-structural tetrahedral mesh according to the established three-dimensional numerical model of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace by using a mesh dividing tool. In order to improve the heat exchange accuracy of the radiant tube as a heat source and the calculation accuracy in the slab heating process, the radiant tube and the grids of the slab portion are encrypted, and particularly refer to fig. 5. The side length of the grid in the radiant tube is 15mm, and the maximum side length of the grid in the hearth is 150 mm. The growth rate of the grid from the radiant tubes and the slabs to the hearth was 1.5.
Step S2, according to preset parameters, using simulation software Fluent to carry out numerical simulation on the heating process in the furnace, and verifying the simulation result;
the divided grid model of the heat treatment furnace is led into the Fluent, a Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, a DO radiation model and an EDC combustion model are selected, thermophysical parameters (including density, heat conductivity coefficient, specific heat capacity and the like) of a plate blank (a steel plate is selected in the embodiment) are set according to the material attribute of the plate blank, then related parameters of gas flow and air flow of a burner in a radiation tube and boundary conditions of a furnace wall, a steel plate and a roller way are set, the movement of the plate blank on a transport roller is realized by an elastic fairing method in a dynamic grid technology, finally, the total time step length is set, and the solution calculation is started by a finite volume method to obtain the temperature change of the plate blank in the 60-minute heating process of the original heating process.
The heating process of the slabs was tested using a "black box" consisting of a temperature recorder and a thermocouple. Thermocouples were placed at various locations within the plate as measurement points, as shown in FIG. 6. The thermocouple is also connected to a temperature recorder which moves with the slab and acquires the slab temperature distribution during reheating. Thermocouples were inserted from the upper surface of the slab and edge thermocouples were positioned 250mm from the slab edge. In fig. 6, [ #1, #4, #7] are measuring points with a depth of about 24mm representing the lower surface of the slab, [ #2, #5, #8] are measuring points with a depth of about 13mm representing the central plane of the slab, and [ #3, #6, #9] are measuring points with a depth of about 3mm representing the upper surface of the slab. The average temperature of the slab is the average of the readings at the measurement points [ #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9 ]. As shown in fig. 7, the simulation of the average slab temperature is in good agreement with the experimental results with a maximum deviation of 41K, which is sufficient for heating processes with target temperatures above 1150K.
And step S3, determining a new heating process according to the heating time of the plate blank determined by the simulation result and the suggested heat preservation time.
Wherein, referring to fig. 8, step S3 includes:
step S31, the time of the slab reaching the austenitizing temperature obtained according to the simulation result is used as the heating time of the slab new heating process;
in order to obtain an accurate heating time of the slab, it is necessary to obtain a time for the entire slab to reach the austenitizing temperature (the time for both the surface and the center of the slab to reach the austenitizing temperature). According to the simulation result, the time for the whole slab to accurately reach the austenitizing temperature can be obtained, and particularly, the time is shown in fig. 9. The used plate blank material is low-carbon steel, the austenitizing temperature range is 1173K-1193K (900 ℃ -920 ℃), the surface and the center of the plate blank reach 1173K (900 ℃) (austenitizing temperature) in 45 minutes, and therefore the plate blank is used as the heating time of the new plate blank heating process.
And step S32, taking the holding time of the slab material as the holding time of the slab new heating process according to the suggested holding time of the slab material.
According to the recommendations of the literature, the holding time of the mild steel used is 0.8 minutes per millimetre of metal thickness, this time the slab thickness is 27mm, so that the holding time of the slab new heating process is 22 minutes. The oven time of the determined new heating process of the slab is 67min compared with the original heating process (the oven time of the slab is 60 min).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for optimizing a heating process of a plate blank of a roller-hearth heat treatment furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of a radiant tube (4), a plate blank (3) and a transport roller (2) in a heating furnace;
step 2, simulating and solving a three-dimensional numerical model; in the simulation process, the plate blank (3) moves on the conveying roller (2) to obtain a simulated temperature change curve of the plate blank (3) within the originally set heating time, wherein the simulated temperature change curve is a simulated temperature change curve of the central point of the plate blank (4); thermocouples are respectively arranged on the lower surface, the central layer and the upper surface of the slab (4), all the thermocouples are connected to a temperature recorder together, and the temperature recorder obtains an experimental temperature change curve of the central point of the slab (4) within the originally set heating time; when the change rules of the simulated temperature change curve and the experimental temperature change curve are the same and the temperature difference value between the two curves at the same time point is smaller than a set value, determining that the establishment of the three-dimensional numerical model meets the requirements, and executing the step 3; otherwise, correcting the three-dimensional numerical model;
and 3, determining the time for completely transforming the plate blank (4) into austenite according to the simulated temperature change curve, wherein the time for completely transforming into austenite is the heating time.
2. The method for optimizing the heating process of the plate blank of the roller hearth type heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, in the process of simulating the three-dimensional numerical model, a readable k-epsilon turbulence model, a DO radiation model and an EDC combustion model are selected.
3. The optimization method for the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2, the slab (2) is moved on the transport roller (2) by an elastic smoothing method in a moving grid technology.
4. The method for optimizing the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, three thermocouples are arranged on the lower surface, three thermocouples are arranged on the central layer, and three thermocouples are arranged on the upper surface;
the thermocouples on the two outer sides of the lower surface are arranged on one diagonal line of the slab (4), and the thermocouples on the two outer sides of the upper surface are arranged on the other diagonal line of the slab (4); the three thermocouples of the central layer are arranged on the central line of the slab (4).
5. The method for optimizing the heating process of the slab in the roll hearth heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein the set value in the step 2 is 50K.
6. The optimization method for the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the slab (4) is kept warm after being completely transformed into austenite in the heating furnace.
7. The method for optimizing the heating process of the slab in the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the outer wall (9) of the radiant tube (4) is a double-sided wall, and both sides of the outer wall (9) of the radiant tube are infinite thin-wall areas.
8. The method for optimizing the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2, the two infinite thin-wall regions are coupled, and in the simulation process, the coupled wall surfaces are subjected to radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer.
9. The optimization method of the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth type heat treatment furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, a three-dimensional geometric model of the radiant tube (4), the slab (3) and the transport roller (2) in the heating furnace is established, and after the three-dimensional geometric model is subjected to unstructured gridding, a three-dimensional numerical model is obtained.
10. The optimization method for the heating process of the slab of the roller hearth heat treatment furnace according to claim 9, wherein in the step 1, after the three-dimensional geometric model is gridded, the non-structural grids of the radiant tube (4) and the slab (3) are encrypted.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010275631A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-12-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Heat treatment method for thick steel plate in direct fired roller-hearth type continuous heat treatment furnace and radiant-tube roller-hearth type continuous heat treatment furnace |
| CN103146906A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-06-12 | 首钢总公司 | Parameter adjustment and control method for two-stage control model of walking beam heating furnace |
| CN111931363A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-13 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Motion simulation method for plate blank of roller-hearth heating furnace |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010275631A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-12-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Heat treatment method for thick steel plate in direct fired roller-hearth type continuous heat treatment furnace and radiant-tube roller-hearth type continuous heat treatment furnace |
| CN103146906A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-06-12 | 首钢总公司 | Parameter adjustment and control method for two-stage control model of walking beam heating furnace |
| CN111931363A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-13 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Motion simulation method for plate blank of roller-hearth heating furnace |
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