CN113955653A - Self-climbing tower crane and multi-cylinder jacking system thereof - Google Patents
Self-climbing tower crane and multi-cylinder jacking system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113955653A CN113955653A CN202111181963.2A CN202111181963A CN113955653A CN 113955653 A CN113955653 A CN 113955653A CN 202111181963 A CN202111181963 A CN 202111181963A CN 113955653 A CN113955653 A CN 113955653A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 197
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/348—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes the erection being operated by jacks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/20—Control systems or devices for non-electric drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/46—Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
- B66C23/34—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes
- B66C23/346—Self-erecting cranes, i.e. with hoisting gear adapted for crane erection purposes with locking devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
- F15B21/041—Removal or measurement of solid or liquid contamination, e.g. filtering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
- F15B21/042—Controlling the temperature of the fluid
- F15B21/0423—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
- F15B21/087—Control strategy, e.g. with block diagram
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-climbing tower crane and a multi-cylinder jacking system thereof, which comprise a main jacking hydraulic system with a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders (107), a main jacking pump (1), a plurality of electric proportional directional control valves (3) and a controller, wherein each main jacking oil cylinder is provided with a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of a piston rod; the plurality of electric proportional reversing valves and the plurality of main jacking oil cylinders are arranged in one-to-one correspondence and are used for controlling the action switching of the corresponding main jacking oil cylinders; the controller is used for synchronously controlling the main jacking oil cylinders and is configured to correspondingly adjust the opening of the oil passing valve port of each electric proportional directional valve according to the displacement detection value of each piston rod, so that the flow of hydraulic oil entering the oil cylinders is controlled, and the speed and the displacement of the piston rods are adjusted. The multi-cylinder synchronous jacking system can detect the displacement of the piston rods in real time, controls the opening of the proportional valve in a closed loop manner, ensures the consistent displacement of the piston rods of the multiple cylinders, realizes the synchronous jacking of the multiple cylinders, does not need shutdown deviation correction and manual intervention, and has high safety and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of construction machinery, and particularly relates to a self-climbing tower crane and a multi-cylinder jacking system thereof.
Background
In the building construction process, the construction height of the tower crane needs to be continuously adjusted to meet the operation requirement, and the self-climbing tower crane can utilize the jacking system equipped by the self-climbing tower crane to continuously increase or reduce the operation height according to the construction requirement. Along with the requirement of construction on the jacking rapidity is higher and higher, the tower crane is required to have higher jacking speed and longer jacking stroke, and meanwhile, the stability and the safety of the jacking process need to be guaranteed. Wherein, the synchronism of the large tower crane plays a decisive role in the jacking safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-climbing tower crane and a multi-cylinder jacking system thereof, which have better jacking synchronization performance and higher safety.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides a multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane, which comprises a main jacking hydraulic system for jacking a climbing frame, wherein the main jacking hydraulic system comprises:
each main jacking oil cylinder is provided with a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the piston rod;
the main jacking pump pumps oil for a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders connected in parallel;
the plurality of electric proportional reversing valves are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of main jacking oil cylinders and are used for controlling action switching of the corresponding main jacking oil cylinders; and
and the controller is used for synchronously controlling the plurality of main jacking oil cylinders and is configured to correspondingly adjust the opening of the oil passing valve port of each electric proportional directional valve according to the displacement detection value of each piston rod of the plurality of displacement sensors, so that the oil flow entering the oil cylinder is controlled, and the speed and the displacement of the piston rod can be adjusted.
In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to:
in the jacking operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower crane step jacking distance, controlling to stop the corresponding electric proportional directional valve; and
and in the tower descending operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower descending distance of the tower crane, controlling to stop the corresponding electric proportional directional valve.
In some embodiments, the main jacking pump is a proportional pump or a fixed displacement pump driven by a variable frequency motor, and the proportional pump or the variable frequency motor is electrically connected with the controller.
In some embodiments, the main jacking pump is a multi-pump that is both electrically connected to the controller.
In some embodiments, a bypass oil return line is connected to the rodless cavity oil line of the main jacking oil cylinder, and a bypass solenoid valve for controlling the on-off of the oil return line is arranged in the bypass oil return line.
In some embodiments, the displacement sensor includes an internal displacement sensor disposed within the cylinder barrel and an external displacement sensor disposed outside the cylinder barrel.
In some embodiments, the multi-cylinder jacking system further comprises an anemometer, and the controller is electrically connected with the anemometer and is configured to control and adjust the pumping oil flow of the main jacking pump or the opening degree of an oil passing valve port of the electric proportional directional valve according to the wind speed measurement value of the anemometer.
In some embodiments, the multi-cylinder jacking system further comprises a beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system, the beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system comprising:
the auxiliary oil cylinder is used for assisting the jacking cross beam;
the auxiliary jacking pump pumps oil for the auxiliary oil cylinder or the main jacking oil cylinder;
the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve is used for controlling the action switching of the auxiliary oil cylinder, an oil inlet at one side of the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve is connected with the auxiliary jacking pump through an auxiliary pumping oil path, and a working oil port at the other side of the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve is connected with the auxiliary oil cylinder through an auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path;
an oil inlet on one side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve is connected with the auxiliary pumping oil way, and a working oil port on the other side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve is connected with the main jacking oil cylinder through an auxiliary jacking working oil way; and
and the oil pumping reversing valve is arranged in the auxiliary pumping oil path and is used for switching oil pumping towards the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve or the auxiliary jacking reversing valve.
In some embodiments, the auxiliary lift-up directional valve and the oil pumping directional valve are manual valves.
In some embodiments, a ball valve or a throttle valve is provided in the auxiliary jacking working oil path.
In some embodiments, a hydraulic regulating valve is arranged in the auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path, and the hydraulic regulating valve comprises a check valve and an adjustable throttle valve which are arranged in parallel.
In some embodiments, the multi-cylinder jacking system further comprises a manual pump hydraulic system comprising:
the manual pump pumps oil for the auxiliary oil cylinder; and
and an oil inlet at one side of the manual reversing valve is connected with the manual pump, and a working oil port at the other side of the manual reversing valve is connected to the working oil way of the auxiliary oil cylinder.
In some embodiments, the main jacking cylinder is jacked between the climbing frame and a step of a lower tower body standard section; the main jacking oil cylinder is connected with a jacking cross beam used for removing or entering the step, and the auxiliary oil cylinder is connected with and drives the jacking cross beam.
The multi-cylinder jacking system further comprises a cooling and filtering hydraulic system, and the cooling and filtering hydraulic system comprises an oil tank, a filter clean oil pump, a cooling device and an oil liquid filtering device which are sequentially connected in series in a cooling and filtering closed loop circuit.
In addition, the invention also provides a self-climbing tower crane, which comprises the multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane.
The self-climbing tower crane and the multi-cylinder jacking system thereof are additionally provided with the displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the piston rod of the main jacking oil cylinder and the electric proportional reversing valve for controlling the action switching of the main jacking oil cylinder, and the combination of the displacement sensor and the electric proportional reversing valve can detect the displacement of the piston rod in real time, control the opening of the proportional valve in a closed loop manner, ensure the consistent displacement of the piston rods of the two oil cylinders, and thus stably and reliably execute the operation of lifting and lowering the tower. Furthermore, the combination of the electric proportional pump and the proportional valve can ensure that the flow of the oil pump is stably changed when the oil pump is started and stopped, and the micro-positioning performance is good due to the fact that the small flow is matched with the small opening of the proportional valve when the oil pump is in position slightly.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams of a jacking process of a single-cylinder jacking structure in a conventional self-climbing tower crane;
fig. 4 illustrates a connection structure of a main jacking cylinder and a jacking cross member;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cylinder jacking structure of a conventional dual cylinder jacking structure;
FIG. 6 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a self-climbing tower crane with a conventional double-cylinder jacking structure;
FIG. 7 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 8 and 9 respectively show the main lifting hydraulic system on the left side and the beam swinging and emergency lifting hydraulic system on the right side in fig. 7 in a partially enlarged manner.
Description of the reference numerals
101 foundation 102 tower body standard knot
103 climbing frame 104 upper part of tower crane
105 roller 106 step
107 main jacking oil cylinder 108 jacking cross beam
109 link plate 110 mechanical connection structure
111 introduction system 112 standard section of tower body to be introduced
113 auxiliary oil cylinder
1 main jacking pump 2 safety valve
3 electric proportional reversing valve 4 by-pass electromagnetic valve
5 built-in displacement sensor of balance valve 6
7 external displacement sensor 8 anemoscope
9 oil tank 10 auxiliary jacking pump
11 oil pumping reversing valve 12 auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve
13 hydraulic control valve 14 auxiliary jacking reversing valve
15 ball valve 16 hand pump
17 manual reversing valve 18 filtering clean oil pump
19 cooling device 20 oil filter device
L0 main jacking oil cylinder working oil path L1 auxiliary pumping oil path
L2 auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path L3 auxiliary jacking working oil path
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The following describes a self-climbing tower crane and a multi-cylinder jacking system thereof according to the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the tower crane comprises a tower body vertically extending upwards from a foundation 101 and a tower crane upper part 104 positioned at the top end of the tower body, wherein the tower body comprises a plurality of tower body standard sections 102 which are connected in an upward stacking manner. The jacking system of the tower crane is located at the tower body part and generally comprises a jacking hydraulic system, a climbing frame 103, a step 106, a hanging plate 109 and other structural components. The climbing frame 103 is sleeved outside the tower body standard knot 102 and can move upwards or downwards along the main chord outside the tower body standard knot 102 through a roller 105 with a guiding function.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, when the tower crane needs to be lifted up, the hanging plate 109 is firstly positioned to the step 106 of the next tower crane standard pitch 102, the mechanical connection structure 110 between the upper part 104 (i.e. the lifting load) and the tower crane standard pitch 102 at the lower part of the tower crane is released, and at this time, the lifting load is mechanically connected with the climbing frame 103. Next, starting a jacking hydraulic system, feeding oil into a rodless cavity of a main jacking oil cylinder 107, connecting the head of a piston rod of the main jacking oil cylinder with a jacking cross beam 108, supporting the piston rod on a step 106 of a tower body standard joint 102 at the lower part, and supporting a jacking load and a climbing frame 103 by the main jacking oil cylinder 107; continuously keeping the state, the piston rod extends, the cylinder body outside the oil cylinder rises and drives the jacking load and the climbing frame 103 to rise for a certain distance. After the step is lifted to a proper distance, the hanging plate 109 is hung into the next step 106 and is mechanically positioned, so that the lifting operation of one step is completed. At this time, the upper lifted load and climbing frame 103 are reliably connected and positioned with the step 106 of the lower tower body standard knot 102 through the hanging plate 109, and the lifting distance, namely a step interval, between the lifting load and climbing frame 103 and the lower tower body standard knot 102 is left. Further, as shown in fig. 3, the jacking hydraulic system shifts to feed oil through the reversing valve, so that the rod cavity of the main jacking cylinder 107 is fed with oil, the piston rod retracts, the head of the piston rod is connected with the jacking cross beam 108, and the next step is entered to prepare for jacking in the second step. The above operation is repeated to raise the upper jacking load and climbing frame 103 to a height above one tower standard knot 102. At this time, the tower body standard knot 112 to be introduced can be loaded through the introduction system 111, and is positioned, connected and locked, so that one-time jacking operation of the tower crane is completed. The lowering operation is similar to the above-mentioned lifting operation, and is not described herein again.
In the jacking operation, for the tower crane connected by the tenon between the tower body standard sections 102, the tenon entering operation step is needed for the final 'positioning' of the tower body standard section 112 to be introduced due to the length of the embedded tenon between the tower body standard sections 102. Similarly, for tower descending operation, when the standard section of the tower body to be led out is led out, the tenon 'tenoning' operation also needs to be completed.
The embodiment shown in fig. 1-3 uses a single main jacking cylinder 107 to perform either the jacking operation or the lowering operation. For a large tower crane, because the jacking load is large, two or more oil cylinders are increasingly required for jacking, for example, as shown in fig. 5, double oil cylinders symmetrically arranged on two sides of a tower body are adopted for jacking. The multi-cylinder jacking system can guarantee enough jacking force during jacking, but has the problem of multi-cylinder jacking synchronization, synchronous jacking of multiple oil cylinders is required to be guaranteed, jacking speeds of the two oil cylinders are required to be adjusted at any time during jacking operation, jacking displacements on two sides are guaranteed to be consistent, and the tower crane cannot tilt.
Therefore, the invention discloses a multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7 to 9, the multi-cylinder jacking system first comprises a main jacking hydraulic system for jacking the climbing frame 103 and the upper load, the main jacking hydraulic system comprising:
the system comprises a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders 107, wherein each main jacking oil cylinder 107 is provided with a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of a piston rod;
the main jacking pump 1 pumps oil for a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders 107 connected in parallel;
the plurality of electric proportional directional valves 3 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of main jacking cylinders 107 and are used for controlling the action switching of the corresponding main jacking cylinders 107; and
and the controller is used for synchronously controlling the plurality of main jacking oil cylinders 107 and is configured to correspondingly adjust the opening of the oil passing valve port of each electric proportional directional valve 3 according to the displacement detection value of each piston rod of the plurality of displacement sensors, so that the flow of the hydraulic oil entering the main jacking oil cylinders 107 can be controlled, and the speed and the displacement of the piston rods can be adjusted.
The pumping pressure oil of the main jack pump 1 is distributed in parallel to each electric proportional directional valve 3, and then is connected to the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the main jack cylinder 107 through the corresponding main jack cylinder working oil passage L0. A balance valve 5 for locking return oil is arranged in a working oil path L0 of the main jacking oil cylinder, and a safety valve 2 for pressure oil overflow is arranged in a pumping oil path. Obviously, if the two main jacking cylinders 107 are synchronous, the switching valve positions and the opening degrees of the oil through valve ports of the left and right electro-proportional directional valves 3 should be the same. However, when the piston rods of the two master lift cylinders 107 are different in extension length due to a difference in lift loads that may exist, etc., it is necessary to adjust the piston extension speed.
In the invention, the displacement sensor is provided to detect the extension length of each piston rod in real time and transmit the extension length to the controller, and the controller can correspondingly and reversely adjust the opening degree of the oil-passing valve port of each electric proportional directional valve 3 according to the displacement detection value of each piston rod, namely, if the extension length of the piston is relatively large, the opening degree of the valve port is reduced, so that the extension speed of the piston is slowed. Certainly, in the specific implementation process, a conversion formula suitable for the tower crane can be formed according to specific working conditions, so that the piston extension speed can be effectively adjusted in time, the displacement deviation of the piston rod of each main jacking cylinder 107 is ensured to be within an allowable range, and the safety and reliability of jacking operation are improved.
Two main jacking cylinders 107 are taken as an example in fig. 7 and 8, but obviously the invention is not limited to the main jacking cylinders, and three cylinders, four cylinders or more cylinders can be symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the climbing frame. In addition, it should be noted that the electric proportional directional valve 3 not only can realize valve position switching to control the extension or retraction of the piston rod of the oil cylinder, but also can correspondingly change the oil feeding speed of the pressure oil through valve port opening degree adjustment, and the electric proportional directional valve 3 can be an electromagnetic proportional valve and/or an electro-hydraulic proportional valve, which is not limited in the present invention.
Compared with the prior double-cylinder jacking hydraulic system shown in fig. 6, because the load of each cylinder is uneven, the left and right sides of the cylinder are asynchronous during jacking, so that the tower crane inclines, and safety accidents are easy to happen. When the jacking is asynchronous left and right, the jacking needs to be suspended, manual interference can be carried out, the adjustment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the asynchronous value of the displacement of the piston rods of the two oil cylinders needs to be frequently and manually measured in the jacking process, and the numerical value cannot be obtained manually in time during quick jacking. The tower crane is large in impact and poor in safety when being started, stopped and slightly positioned (step-in, step-out, tenon-out and tenon-in). In addition, the existing jacking system has no emergency function, when a main system breaks down, the tower crane is suspended in the air and only supported by the balance valve, and the safety is extremely poor. The invention obviously realizes the synchronous jacking of multiple cylinders, can dynamically detect the displacement of the piston rods of the two oil cylinders due to the arrangement of the displacement sensor, can accurately determine the displacement deviation of the left oil cylinder and the right oil cylinder, can automatically adjust the opening of the two electro-proportional valves according to the deviation without stopping to ensure that the displacement deviation of the oil cylinders on the two sides is within an allowable range, and can automatically adjust the opening of the reversing valve without stopping, correcting and manually detecting. And as will be explained below, the variable displacement pump is used to control the output of the oil and avoid large instant impacts.
In the prior art, a part of schemes adopt an enlarged single oil cylinder scheme, so that the tower crane structure is large in size and unreasonable in arrangement. Moreover, when the jacking system adopts a large-stroke oil cylinder, the existing scheme cannot quickly measure the asynchronous value of the displacement of the piston rods of the two oil cylinders, so that the asynchronous of the oil cylinders cannot be accurately eliminated, and the safe jacking cannot be guaranteed. And the quick jacking of the long-stroke oil cylinder cannot be adapted. In the other scheme, the two oil cylinders are arranged on the same side, and the cylinder barrels are welded or rigidly connected together mechanically, so that the two oil cylinders cannot be synchronous when the tower is lowered. Obviously, the invention does not have the problem of the similar structure being too bulky, and does not need to make special design and installation arrangement for the main jacking oil cylinder 107.
Further, the controller is further configured to:
in the jacking operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower crane step jacking distance, controlling and stopping the corresponding electric proportional reversing valve 3;
and in the tower descending operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower descending distance of the tower crane, controlling to stop the corresponding electric proportional directional valve 3.
In the invention, because the stepping distance of each step is kept unchanged, and the displacement of each step of the descending tower is also a determined value, the jacking can be ensured to reach the stepping distance of the tower crane or the descending tower can be automatically stopped after reaching the stepping distance according to the detection of the displacement of the piston rod, thereby realizing the automatic jacking and automatic descending operation without manual intervention.
In addition, the main jacking pump 1 shown in fig. 8 adopts a proportional pump electrically connected with the controller, and proportional control oil is output, so that the flow of the output oil can be stably reduced or increased, micro-displacement jacking can be realized, the stability and no impact of starting, stopping and micro-positioning of the tower crane can be ensured, and the micro-mobility is good. Of course, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the main jacking pump 1 shown in fig. 8 may also be a fixed displacement pump driven by a variable frequency motor, and the variable frequency motor is electrically connected with a controller to smoothly control the change of the flow rate of the pumped oil. Optionally, the main jacking pump 1 may also adopt a multi-connected pump electrically connected to the controller, and the pump units are started or stopped as required to realize gradual change of the pumped oil.
When the tower is lowered, the rodless cavity oil circuit of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 returns oil, and the cross section area of the rodless cavity is obviously larger than that of the rod cavity, so that the oil return amount of the rodless cavity oil circuit is obviously larger than that of the jacking oil circuit when the tower is lowered, the oil flow of an oil return port of the electric proportional directional valve 3 is increased rapidly, the pressure loss is large, and the system generates heat. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7 and 8, a bypass return oil passage is connected to the rodless chamber oil passage of the main jack cylinder 107, and a bypass solenoid valve 4 for controlling the opening and closing of the return oil passage is provided in the bypass return oil passage. Therefore, when the tower is lowered, part of the oil return of the rodless cavity oil way of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 directly returns to the oil tank 9 through the bypass electromagnetic valve 4, the stable work of the electric proportional directional valve 3 is ensured, and the system impact is reduced.
In fig. 7 and 8, more than one displacement sensor is provided, including an internal displacement sensor 6 disposed inside the cylinder and an external displacement sensor 7 disposed outside the cylinder, so as to detect the displacement of the piston rod more accurately and increase the detection reliability.
In addition, when the height of the tower crane is higher and higher, especially when the height reaches hundreds of meters, the influence of external environmental factors on the safety and stability of the tower crane is larger and larger. In the jacking operation process, because the height of the tower crane changes and the ambient wind speed changes, whether jacking and the jacking operation speed are determined manually can only be determined, so that the insecurity of jacking operation is increased. In the present embodiment, the lifting operation speed can be adjusted in real time according to the wind speed. The multi-cylinder jacking system comprises an anemoscope 8, and the controller is electrically connected with the anemoscope 8. The controller can control the stopping operation or adjust the operation speed of the jacking operation and the like according to the wind speed measured value of the anemoscope 8, namely, the oil pumping flow of the main jacking pump 1 or the opening degree of an oil passing valve port of the electric proportional directional valve 3 and the like are adjusted.
In addition, the multi-cylinder jacking system of the invention can also comprise a beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system with an auxiliary oil cylinder 113, which is mainly used for completing the swing of the jacking beam 108 and ensuring that the beam is removed or enters the step 106. In an emergency state, for example, when the main jacking hydraulic system breaks down, the emergency hydraulic system can also be used for the tower crane to descend or ascend, so that the tower crane is ensured not to be suspended in the air in an emergency, and the machine can be stopped reliably.
Referring to fig. 7 and 9, the beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system includes:
an auxiliary cylinder 113 for assisting the main lift cylinder 107;
the auxiliary jacking pump 10 pumps oil for the auxiliary oil cylinder 113 or the main jacking oil cylinder 107;
the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve 12 is used for controlling the action switching of the auxiliary oil cylinder 113, an oil inlet at one side of the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve 12 is connected with the auxiliary jacking pump 10 through an auxiliary pumping oil path L1, and a working oil port at the other side is connected with the auxiliary oil cylinder 113 through an auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path L2;
an oil inlet of one side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve 14 is connected with an auxiliary pumping oil path L1, and a working oil port of the other side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve is connected with the main jacking oil cylinder 107 through an auxiliary jacking working oil path L3; and
and an oil pumping direction changing valve 11 provided in the auxiliary pumping oil path L1 and configured to change the pumping oil toward the auxiliary cylinder direction changing valve 12 or the auxiliary lift-up direction changing valve 14.
In the present embodiment, the main jack cylinder 107 is supported between the climbing frame 103 and the step 106 of the lower tower standard knot 102. The main jacking cylinder 107 is connected with a jacking cross beam 108 for removing or entering the step 106, specifically, during jacking, the piston rod head of the main jacking cylinder 107 is connected with the jacking cross beam 108, and the jacking cross beam 108 of the large cylinder is heavy, so that in the embodiment, the auxiliary cylinder 113 is added to push the jacking cross beam to enter or separate from the step 106, so as to reduce labor intensity, namely, the auxiliary cylinder 113 is connected with and drives the jacking cross beam 108. However, it should be noted that this is only an example, and the connection structure and the driving structure of the auxiliary cylinder 113 for assisting the main lift cylinder 107 to lift are not limited to this.
Therefore, in an emergency state, the lifting operation can be carried out by utilizing the swing of the cross beam and the emergency lifting hydraulic system, the tower crane cannot hover in the air, and the safety is higher. Specifically, in an emergency state, when the main jacking hydraulic system fails to complete the jacking or lowering operation, the beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system can complete the jacking or lowering operation, the ball valve 15 arranged in the auxiliary jacking working oil path L3 is firstly opened, the illustrated two-position three-way oil pumping reversing valve 11 is arranged at the right position, and the pumping oil of the auxiliary jacking pump 10 sequentially passes through the auxiliary pumping oil path L1, the oil pumping reversing valve 11, the auxiliary jacking reversing valve 14 and the auxiliary jacking working oil path L3 to reach the rodless cavity or the rod cavity of the main jacking oil cylinder 107, so that the piston rod of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 correspondingly extends or retracts. The three-position four-way valve 14 is arranged on the right side, so that oil enters the rodless cavity of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 and is in a tower lifting state, and the three-position four-way valve is arranged on the left side, so that oil enters the rod cavity of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 and is in a tower lowering state.
The auxiliary jacking reversing valve 14 and the oil pumping reversing valve 11 are both manual valves, so that the auxiliary jacking pump 10 can finish oil pumping of the main jacking oil cylinder 107 in an emergency state through manual intervention. Certainly, the auxiliary jacking reversing valve 14 and the oil pumping reversing valve 11 may also be electromagnetic valves, for example, but need to form reliable interlocking with each electric proportional reversing valve 3, so as to avoid that the main jacking pump 1 and the auxiliary jacking reversing valve 14 pump oil for a plurality of main jacking cylinders 107 connected in parallel at the same time, which results in rapid jacking speed increase and safety risk.
Wherein, the cylinder asynchronization of the left and right master lift cylinders 107 can be eliminated by adjusting each ball valve 15. Of course, the ball valve 15 may be replaced with a throttle valve. The hydraulic pressure adjusting valve 13 is provided in the auxiliary cylinder working oil path L2, and as shown in fig. 9, the hydraulic pressure adjusting valve 13 includes a check valve and an adjustable throttle valve which are arranged in parallel, and can be used for adjusting and eliminating the cylinder asynchronization of the left and right auxiliary cylinders 113.
In addition, the multi-cylinder jacking system of the invention can also comprise a manual pump hydraulic system. Referring to fig. 7 and 9, the manual pump hydraulic system includes:
a manual pump 16 for pumping oil to the auxiliary oil cylinder 113; and
and in the manual reversing valve 17, an oil inlet at one side of the manual reversing valve 17 is connected with the manual pump 16, and a working oil inlet at the other side of the manual reversing valve 17 is connected to an auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path L2.
When the beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic systems have faults, the auxiliary oil cylinder 113 can be driven by a manual pump hydraulic system to swing the jacking beam 108. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a hydraulic regulating valve 13 is closed, a manual reversing valve 17 is arranged at the right position in a manual pump set, a manual pump 16 is shaken, a piston rod of an auxiliary oil cylinder 113 can be retracted, and a jacking cross beam 108 is removed from a step 106; the manual reversing valve 17 of the manual pump set is arranged at the left position, and the manual pump 16 is shaken, so that the piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder 113 can extend out, and the jacking cross beam 108 enters the step 106.
In addition, the multi-cylinder jacking system can also comprise a cooling and filtering hydraulic system so as to ensure that the whole multi-cylinder jacking system works at a reasonable hydraulic oil temperature and cleanliness. As an example, as shown in fig. 9, the cooling and filtering hydraulic system comprises a tank 9, a filtrate pump 18, a cooling device 19 and an oil filter device 20, which are arranged in series in sequence in a cooling and filtering closed loop circuit.
On the basis, the invention also discloses a self-climbing tower crane, which comprises the multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane. In the self-climbing tower crane of the invention, the electric proportional pump and the proportional valve groupCombination of Chinese herbsThe use can ensure that the tower crane is started, stopped and slightly positioned stably without impact. The opening degree of the proportional valve can be automatically adjusted in the jacking process, synchronization of the left oil cylinder and the right oil cylinder is guaranteed, and automatic jacking operation can be carried out. The oil passing amount of the proportional valve can be reduced during tower descending operation, and system impact is reduced. The anemoscope measures the wind speed in real time in the operation process, transmits the wind speed value to the controller, and the system dynamically adjusts the jacking speed to ensure the jacking safety.
Compared with the prior art, can automatic jacking, reduce intensity of labour. The jacking operation can be automatically synchronized, an emergency jacking system is also arranged, the wind speed can be measured in real time, the jacking speed can be adjusted, and the safety is high. In addition, the system has good micro-mobility, and is stable in starting and stopping without impact. For the jacking operation of a large tower crane, the scheme of the invention has high efficiency and better safety in multi-cylinder, long-stroke and quick jacking operation.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides a multi-cylinder jacking system from climbing formula tower machine, its characterized in that, multi-cylinder jacking system includes the main hydraulic system that rises that is used for climbing frame (103) jacking, main hydraulic system that rises includes:
the system comprises a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders (107), wherein each main jacking oil cylinder (107) is provided with a displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of a piston rod;
the main jacking pump (1) pumps oil for a plurality of main jacking oil cylinders (107) which are connected in parallel;
the electric proportional reversing valves (3) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the main jacking oil cylinders (107) and are used for controlling action switching of the corresponding main jacking oil cylinders (107); and
and the controller is used for synchronously controlling the plurality of main jacking oil cylinders (107) and is configured to correspondingly adjust the opening degree of the oil passing valve port of each electric proportional directional valve (3) according to the respective piston rod displacement detection values of the plurality of displacement sensors.
2. The multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, wherein said controller is further configured to:
in the jacking operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower crane step jacking distance, controlling to stop the corresponding electric proportional directional valve (3); and
and in the tower descending operation process, after the displacement detection value of the piston rod reaches the preset tower descending distance of the tower crane, the corresponding electric proportional reversing valve (3) is controlled to be stopped.
3. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the main jacking pump (1) is a proportional pump or a constant displacement pump driven by a variable frequency motor, and the proportional pump or the variable frequency motor is electrically connected with the controller.
4. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the main jacking pump (1) is a multi-connected pump electrically connected with the controller.
5. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, wherein the rodless cavity oil way of the main jacking cylinder (107) is connected with a bypass oil return way, and a bypass electromagnetic valve (4) for controlling the on-off of the oil return way is arranged in the bypass oil return way.
6. Multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, wherein said displacement sensors comprise an internal displacement sensor (6) arranged inside the cylinder barrel and an external displacement sensor (7) arranged outside the cylinder barrel.
7. The multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, further comprising an anemometer (8), wherein the controller is electrically connected with the anemometer (8) and configured to control and adjust the pump oil flow of the main jacking pump (1) or the opening degree of an oil-passing valve port of the electric proportional directional valve (3) according to the wind speed measurement value of the anemometer (8).
8. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system, wherein the beam swing and emergency jacking hydraulic system comprises:
an auxiliary cylinder (113) for assisting the main lift cylinder (107);
the auxiliary jacking pump (10) is used for pumping oil for the auxiliary oil cylinder (113) or the main jacking oil cylinder (107);
the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve (12) is used for controlling the action switching of the auxiliary oil cylinder (113), an oil inlet at one side of the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve (12) is connected with the auxiliary jacking pump (10) through an auxiliary pumping oil path (L1), and a working oil port at the other side of the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve is connected with the auxiliary oil cylinder (113) through an auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path (L2);
an oil inlet at one side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve (14) is connected with the auxiliary pumping oil way (L1), and a working oil port at the other side of the auxiliary jacking reversing valve is connected with the main jacking oil cylinder (107) through an auxiliary jacking working oil way (L3); and
and the oil pumping reversing valve (11) is arranged in the auxiliary pumping oil path (L1) and is used for switching oil pumping towards the auxiliary oil cylinder reversing valve (12) or the auxiliary jacking reversing valve (14).
9. The multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary jacking directional control valve (14) and the oil pumping directional control valve (11) are manual valves.
10. The multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 8, wherein a ball valve (15) or a throttle valve is arranged in the auxiliary jacking working oil path (L3).
11. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 8, wherein a hydraulic regulating valve (13) is arranged in the auxiliary oil cylinder working oil path (L2), and the hydraulic regulating valve (13) comprises a check valve and an adjustable throttle valve which are arranged in parallel.
12. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 8, further comprising a manual pump hydraulic system, said manual pump hydraulic system comprising:
a manual pump (16) for pumping oil to the auxiliary oil cylinder (113); and
and an oil inlet of one side of the manual reversing valve (17) is connected with the manual pump (16), and a working oil port of the other side of the manual reversing valve (17) is connected to the auxiliary oil cylinder working oil way (L2).
13. The multi-cylinder jacking system of a self-climbing tower crane according to claim 8, wherein the main jacking cylinder (107) is jacked between the climbing frame (103) and the step (106) of the lower tower body standard knot (102); the main jacking oil cylinder (107) is connected with a jacking cross beam (108) used for removing or entering the step (106), and the auxiliary oil cylinder (113) is connected with and drives the jacking cross beam (108).
14. The multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to claim 1, further comprising a cooling and filtering hydraulic system, wherein the cooling and filtering hydraulic system comprises an oil tank (9), a filtered oil pump (18), a cooling device (19) and an oil filtering device (20) which are sequentially arranged in series in a cooling and filtering closed loop circuit.
15. A self-climbing tower crane is characterized by comprising the multi-cylinder jacking system of the self-climbing tower crane according to any one of claims 1-14.
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