CN113954468A - Laminated sound absorption material with impedance change composite structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Laminated sound absorption material with impedance change composite structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113954468A
CN113954468A CN202111222679.5A CN202111222679A CN113954468A CN 113954468 A CN113954468 A CN 113954468A CN 202111222679 A CN202111222679 A CN 202111222679A CN 113954468 A CN113954468 A CN 113954468A
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sound absorption
composite structure
surface layer
laminated
fabric
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支超
齐立泽
余灵婕
孟家光
薛涛
王永臻
刘亚明
程燕婷
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Xian Polytechnic University
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Xian Polytechnic University
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/13—Alginic acid or derivatives thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14—Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
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Abstract

The invention discloses a laminated sound absorption material with an impedance change composite structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of functional materials. The sound absorption material comprises a three-dimensional space fabric, and a polyurethane layer and an aerogel layer are sequentially filled in the three-dimensional space fabric from the lower surface layer to the upper surface layer. The sound absorption material provided by the invention is light and thin, has low density and has good sound absorption performance in air.

Description

Laminated sound absorption material with impedance change composite structure and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a laminated sound absorption material with an impedance change composite structure and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aerogel material has excellent performances such as high specific surface area, high porosity and low density, and has a sound absorption mechanism of a porous material and a damping material, but the application of the aerogel material in the sound absorption material is severely limited due to poor mechanical property and high production cost. However, the sodium alginate aerogel has the advantages of biodegradability, abundant resources, low price and environmental friendliness, and can be further researched for sound absorption.
The polyurethane porous foam material has the advantages of light weight, good heat and sound insulation, superior sound absorption performance, convenient processing and forming, low cost and the like, and is a sound absorption material with wide application. However, the existing polyurethane sound absorption materials have the problems of narrow sound absorption frequency band and difficult effective absorption of common middle and low frequency sound waves, and meanwhile, the absolute mechanical properties of the polyurethane materials are still insufficient, which seriously limits the further application of the materials.
The micro-perforated plate sound absorption structure is characterized in that the diameter of a perforation is reduced to be less than 1mm on the basis of the sound absorption structure of an ordinary perforated plate. The sound absorption material adopting the structure has the characteristics of high sound absorption coefficient at the resonant frequency, good low-frequency sound absorption performance and wide sound absorption frequency band. Meanwhile, relevant researches show that if fillers such as fibers penetrate into micropores of the micro-perforated plate, the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the micro-perforated plate can be further improved, and the sound absorption frequency band of the micro-perforated plate is widened.
The existing sound absorption materials generally have the defects of poor low-frequency sound absorption performance, insufficient mechanical property and the like, and the layer and the sound absorption materials have the problem that the layer and the materials are easy to layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of poor low-and-medium-frequency sound absorption performance, weak mechanical property and the like of the sound absorption material in the background technology, and provides the sound absorption material with the laminated impedance change composite structure, the preparation method and the application thereof.
The invention provides a laminated sound absorption material with an impedance change composite structure, which comprises a three-dimensional spacing fabric, wherein a polyurethane layer and an aerogel layer are sequentially filled in the three-dimensional spacing fabric from a lower surface layer to an upper surface layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the sound absorption material is 7-15 mm, and the density is 0.2-1 g/cm3。
Preferably, the lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacing fabric are both knitted fabrics formed by compounding of a chaining structure and a weft insertion structure; the lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected through a plurality of continuous spacer filaments.
More preferably, the chain knitting yarns of the chain knitting structure are terylene; the weft insertion yarns of the weft insertion tissues are carbon fiber tows.
Preferably, the thickness of the polyurethane layer and the thickness of the aerogel layer respectively account for one half of the thickness in the three-dimensional spacing fabric.
More preferably, the polyurethane layer is made of soft foam polyurethane; the aerogel layer is made of sodium alginate, and the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 350-550 mPa.s; the porosity of the soft foam polyurethane is 20-50%.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the laminated sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure, which comprises the following steps:
weaving a three-dimensional spacer fabric;
immersing the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric into aerogel with a certain liquid level height, freezing, and then freeze-drying;
and then immersing the lower surface layer of the freeze-dried three-dimensional space fabric into a polyurethane precursor solution with a certain liquid level height, foaming, and forming to obtain the laminated impedance change composite structure sound absorption material.
Preferably, the polyurethane precursor solution is formed by mixing polyether polyol and isocyanate; wherein the volume ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 2: 1.
Preferably, the freezing temperature is-20 to-18 ℃, the freezing time is 10 to 16 hours,
the temperature during freeze drying is-100 to-70 ℃, and the time is 40 to 50 hours.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the laminated sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure in middle and low frequency sound absorption.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the laminated sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure, the sodium alginate aerogel and the polyurethane are compounded with the three-dimensional spacer fabric, the obtained sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure has the characteristics of both the cavity resonance sound absorption material and the impedance change sound absorption material, meanwhile, the three-dimensional spacer fabric is added to form micro-perforations with the aperture being the diameter of the spacer wire and filled with the spacer wire in the material, the medium-low frequency sound absorption performance of the material is further improved, and the mechanical performance of the material can be obviously improved due to the good buffering performance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric. In addition, the controllable adjustment of the sound absorption and mechanical properties of the sound absorption material with the three-dimensional spacing fabric/aerogel/polyurethane impedance change composite structure can be realized by adjusting the difference of the three-dimensional spacing fabric parameters and the height ratios of aerogel and polyurethane, so that the requirements of the sound absorption material in various fields are met.
The surface layer of the three-dimensional spacing fabric is a knitted fabric formed by compounding a chaining structure and a weft insertion structure, so that the longitudinal extensibility can be reduced, and the structural stability of the surface layer is facilitated.
The weft insertion yarns adopt carbon fiber tows, show high strength along the fiber axial direction, have relatively small buckling degree in a surface tissue as the weft insertion yarns, and can be greatly stored and exerted.
The aerogel is composed of sodium alginate, has the excellent characteristics of light weight, high porosity and the like, and has good reprocessing performance.
The viscosity of the sodium alginate is 350-550 mPa.s, which is medium viscosity. Good air holes can be formed after the cold drying to form a cavity structure, and sound waves can be effectively absorbed through cavity resonance and waveform conversion.
The sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure is light and thin, low in density and good in sound absorption performance in air.
The laminated sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure can be used as a building sound absorption material and can meet the application requirements of various fields of aerospace, transportation and buildings.
The preparation method of the laminated impedance change composite structure sound absorption material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, mild reaction conditions and short preparation period, and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorption material provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and implemented by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not meant to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials used are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The sound absorption material with the laminated impedance change composite structure, disclosed by the invention, comprises a three-dimensional spacing fabric 1, wherein a polyurethane layer 3 and an aerogel layer 2 are sequentially filled in the three-dimensional spacing fabric 1 from the lower surface layer to the upper surface layer. The lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected through a plurality of continuous spacer filaments 11, wherein the spacer filaments are polyester monofilaments with the diameter of 0.2 mm. The thickness of the polyurethane layer and the thickness of the aerogel layer respectively account for one half of the thickness in the three-dimensional space fabric.
The lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional space fabric 1 adopted in the following embodiment are both knitted fabrics formed by compounding a chaining structure and a weft insertion structure; the chain knitting yarns of the chain knitting tissues are terylene; the weft insertion yarns of the weft insertion tissues are carbon fiber tows.
The polyurethane layer adopted in the following embodiment is made of soft foam polyurethane; the aerogel layer is made of sodium alginate; the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 350-550 mPa.s; the porosity of the soft foam polyurethane is 20-50%.
The three-dimensional spacer fabric used in the following examples was woven using a double needle bed raschel warp knitting machine.
The following examples will be illustrated using the provided method of making a laminated resistance change composite structural sound absorbing material.
Example 1
A preparation method of a laminated sound absorption material with a resistance change composite structure comprises the following steps:
step 1: the three-dimensional spacer fabric is woven by a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine with 6 guide bars in total of GB 1-GB 6, wherein the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the fabric are both warp knitting spacer fabrics with a chain and weft insertion, yarns carried on GB2 and GB5 are polyester multifilaments of 300D/96F, carbon fiber tows carried on GB1 and GB6, and polyester monofilaments with the diameter of 0.2mm are carried on GB3 and GB 4; the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB1 and GB2 on a front needle bed, the lower surface layer of the fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB5 and GB6 on a rear needle bed, and the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected by the spacer yarn by alternately knitting the two guide bars GB3 and the two guide bars GB4 on the front needle bed and the rear needle bed to form the three-dimensional spacer fabric; the obtained fabric has a thickness of 7.5mm and an areal density of 920g/m2(ii) a After the fabric is off the machine, cutting the three-dimensional space fabric into layers with the required size;
step 2: pouring sodium alginate into deionized water, stirring in a stirrer for 6 hr, and standing at relative humidity of 63% and temperature of 15 deg.C for 24 hr;
and step 3: pouring the solution after standing into a culture dish with a certain liquid level height, and putting the cut three-dimensional space fabric into the culture dish;
and 4, step 4: freezing the culture dish at-16 deg.C for 12 hr, and freeze drying at-80 deg.C for 48 hr;
and 5: polyether glycol and isocyanate are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to form polyurethane precursor solution, the polyurethane precursor solution is poured into a mold, the three-dimensional space fabric which is cooled and dried is placed into the mold, the mold is closed and foamed to form the soft foam polyurethane, the whole operation is carried out at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, and then the soft foam polyurethane is kept stand for 20 hours under the condition;
step 6: after molding, opening the die, and standing to obtain the sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure; it has a thickness of 7mm and a density of 0.2g/cm3
Example 2
A preparation method of a laminated sound absorption material with a resistance change composite structure comprises the following steps:
step 1: the three-dimensional spacer fabric is woven by a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine with 6 guide bars in total of GB 1-GB 6, wherein the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the fabric are both warp knitting spacer fabrics with a chain and weft insertion, yarns carried on GB2 and GB5 are polyester multifilaments of 300D/96F, carbon fiber tows carried on GB1 and GB6, and polyester monofilaments with the diameter of 0.2mm are carried on GB3 and GB 4; the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB1 and GB2 on a front needle bed, the lower surface layer of the fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB5 and GB6 on a rear needle bed, and the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected by the spacer yarn by alternately knitting the two guide bars GB3 and the two guide bars GB4 on the front needle bed and the rear needle bed to form the three-dimensional spacer fabric; the obtained fabric has a thickness of 7mm and an areal density of 900g/m2(ii) a After the fabric is off the machine, cutting the three-dimensional space fabric into layers with the required size;
step 2: pouring sodium alginate into deionized water, stirring in a stirrer for 6 hr, and standing at relative humidity of 60% and temperature of 12 deg.C for 24 hr;
and step 3: pouring the solution after standing into a culture dish with a certain liquid level height, and putting the cut three-dimensional space fabric into the culture dish;
and 4, step 4: freezing the culture dish at-16 deg.C for 10 hr, placing the culture dish in a freeze drier, and freeze drying at-80 deg.C for 50 hr;
and 5: polyether glycol and isocyanate are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to form polyurethane precursor solution, the polyurethane precursor solution is poured into a mold, the three-dimensional space fabric which is cooled and dried is placed into the mold, the mold is closed and foamed to form the soft foam polyurethane, the whole operation is carried out at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, and then the soft foam polyurethane is kept stand for 20 hours under the condition;
step 6: after molding, opening the die, and standing to obtain the sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure; the thickness is 10mm, and the density is 0.5g/cm3
Example 3
A preparation method of a laminated sound absorption material with a resistance change composite structure comprises the following steps:
step 1: the three-dimensional spacer fabric is woven by a double-needle bed Raschel warp knitting machine with 6 guide bars in total of GB 1-GB 6, wherein the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the fabric are both warp knitting spacer fabrics with a chain and weft insertion, yarns carried on GB2 and GB5 are polyester multifilaments of 300D/96F, carbon fiber tows carried on GB1 and GB6, and polyester monofilaments with the diameter of 0.2mm are carried on GB3 and GB 4; the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB1 and GB2 on a front needle bed, the lower surface layer of the fabric is knitted by two guide bars GB5 and GB6 on a rear needle bed, and the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected by the spacer yarn by alternately knitting the two guide bars GB3 and the two guide bars GB4 on the front needle bed and the rear needle bed to form the three-dimensional spacer fabric; the obtained fabric has a thickness of 8mm and an areal density of 950g/m2(ii) a After the fabric is off the machine, cutting the three-dimensional space fabric into layers with the required size;
step 2: pouring sodium alginate into deionized water, stirring in a stirrer for 6 hr, and standing at 20 deg.C and 65% relative humidity for 24 hr;
and step 3: pouring the solution after standing into a culture dish with a certain liquid level height, and putting the cut three-dimensional space fabric into the culture dish;
and 4, step 4: freezing the culture dish at-16 deg.C for 16h, placing the culture dish in a freeze drier, and freeze drying at-80 deg.C for 40 h;
and 5: polyether glycol and isocyanate are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the volume ratio of 2:1 to form polyurethane precursor solution, the polyurethane precursor solution is poured into a mold, the three-dimensional space fabric which is cooled and dried is placed into the mold, the mold is closed and foamed to form the soft foam polyurethane, the whole operation is carried out at the ambient temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, and then the soft foam polyurethane is kept stand for 20 hours under the condition;
step 6: after molding, opening the die, and standing to obtain the sound absorption material with the impedance change composite structure; the thickness is 15mm, and the density is 1g/cm3
To illustrate the sound absorption performance of a laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorbing material provided by the present invention, example 1 was tested for its correlation performance.
According to the GB/T18696.22002 standard, an impedance tube test system is adopted to carry out sound absorption coefficient test in the frequency range of 100-6300 Hz, the average sound absorption coefficient reaches 0.30, certain sound absorption effect is achieved, particularly, the average sound absorption coefficient can reach more than 0.79 in the range of 3000-4000 Hz, compared with other frequency bands, the sound absorption effect is better, the highest sound absorption coefficient can reach 0.96, a second absorption peak appears in the range of 5500 Hz-6300 Hz, multi-band sound absorption can be achieved, and data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Sound absorption Properties of Sound absorbent according to GB/T18696.22002 Standard test example 1
Frequency (Hz) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Average Highest point of the design
Coefficient of sound absorption 0.10 0.13 0.62 0.52 0.16 0.28 0.30 0.96
According to the CB3674-1995 standard, an underwater acoustic material standing wave tube is adopted to carry out underwater acoustic absorption coefficient test in the frequency range of 300-4000 Hz, the average acoustic absorption coefficient reaches 0.31, particularly, the acoustic absorption performance is rapidly improved in the frequency range of 800-1200 Hz, the average acoustic absorption coefficient reaches 0.48, compared with other frequency bands, the underwater acoustic absorption coefficient has a better acoustic absorption effect, the highest acoustic absorption coefficient reaches 0.75, and the underwater acoustic absorption coefficient can effectively absorb medium and low frequency bands. In addition, a second absorption peak appears in the range of 3800 Hz-4000 Hz, multi-band sound absorption is realized, and the data are shown in Table 2:
table 2 shows the sound absorption properties of the sound absorbers according to test example 1 of CB3674-1995 Standard
Frequency (Hz) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Average Highest point of the design
Coefficient of sound absorption 0.72 0.31 0.31 0.36 0.23 0.24 0.43 0.31 0.75
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the sound-absorbing material with a laminated impedance change composite structure provided by the invention has a wide sound-absorbing frequency band in water and air, and has a high sound-absorbing coefficient at an absorption peak and good overall sound-absorbing performance. In addition, through adjusting material structural parameters, the sound absorption performance of the material in different frequency bands can be accurately controlled, and the sound absorption requirements of different external environments are met.
In summary, according to the laminated sound-absorbing material with the impedance change composite structure provided by the invention, the sodium alginate aerogel, the polyurethane and the three-dimensional spacer fabric are compounded to obtain the sound-absorbing material with the impedance change composite structure, which has the characteristics of both the cavity resonance sound-absorbing material and the impedance change sound-absorbing material, and meanwhile, the three-dimensional spacer fabric is added to form micro-perforations with the diameter of the spacer wires and filled with the spacer wires in the material, so that the medium-low frequency sound-absorbing performance of the material is further improved, and the good buffering performance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can obviously improve the mechanical performance of the material. In addition, the controllable adjustment of the sound absorption and mechanical properties of the sound absorption material with the three-dimensional spacing fabric/aerogel/polyurethane impedance change composite structure can be realized by adjusting the difference of the three-dimensional spacing fabric parameters and the height ratios of aerogel and polyurethane, so that the requirements of the sound absorption material in various fields are met.
The present invention describes preferred embodiments and effects thereof. Additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. The sound absorption material with the laminated impedance change composite structure is characterized by comprising a three-dimensional space fabric, wherein a polyurethane layer and an aerogel layer are sequentially filled in the three-dimensional space fabric from a lower surface layer to an upper surface layer.
2. The laminated resistance change composite structure sound-absorbing material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound-absorbing material has a thickness of 7 to 15mm and a density of 0.2 to 1g/cm3。
3. The laminated impedance-varying composite structure sound-absorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are both knitted fabrics formed by compounding a pillar stitch and a weft-inserted stitch; the lower surface layer and the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric are connected through a plurality of continuous spacer filaments.
4. The laminated impedance-varying composite structural sound absorbing material of claim 3, wherein the pillar yarns of the pillar weave are polyester; the weft insertion yarns of the weft insertion tissues are carbon fiber tows.
5. The laminated impedance-varying composite structural sound absorbing material of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane layer and the aerogel layer each comprise one-half of the thickness within the three-dimensional spacer fabric.
6. The laminated impedance-varying composite structural sound absorbing material of claim 5, wherein the polyurethane layer is made of soft foam polyurethane; the aerogel layer is made of sodium alginate, and the viscosity of the sodium alginate is 350-550 mPa.s; the porosity of the soft foam polyurethane is 20-50%.
7. A method for producing a laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorbing material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
weaving a three-dimensional spacer fabric;
immersing the upper surface layer of the three-dimensional spacer fabric into aerogel with a certain liquid level height, freezing, and then freeze-drying;
and then immersing the lower surface layer of the freeze-dried three-dimensional space fabric into a polyurethane precursor solution with a certain liquid level height, foaming, and forming to obtain the laminated impedance change composite structure sound absorption material.
8. The method for producing a laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorbing material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyurethane precursor solution is a mixture of polyether polyol and isocyanate; wherein the volume ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate is 2: 1.
9. The method for preparing the laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorption material according to claim 7, wherein the freezing temperature is-20 to-18 ℃, the freezing time is 10 to 16 hours,
the temperature during freeze drying is-100 to-70 ℃, and the time is 40 to 50 hours.
10. Use of the laminated resistance change composite structure sound absorbing material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for sound absorption at medium and low frequencies.
CN202111222679.5A 2021-10-20 2021-10-20 Laminated sound absorption material with impedance change composite structure and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN113954468A (en)

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