CN103556395A - All-degradation heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction polylactic acid/ natural fiber composite material interior trim part with gradient structure, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
All-degradation heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction polylactic acid/ natural fiber composite material interior trim part with gradient structure, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103556395A CN103556395A CN201310530037.0A CN201310530037A CN103556395A CN 103556395 A CN103556395 A CN 103556395A CN 201310530037 A CN201310530037 A CN 201310530037A CN 103556395 A CN103556395 A CN 103556395A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an all-degradation heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction polylactic acid/ natural fiber composite material interior trim part with a gradient structure, and a preparation method of the composite material interior trim part. The interior trim part comprises the following components by weight percent: 35-60% of polylactic acid fiber, 8-10% of fire retardant and the balance of natural fiber, wherein the total weight of the components is 100%. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the polylactic acid fiber and the natural fiber; treating the mixture by the fire retardant, and then evenly carding; after that, lapping to form a sheet; needling and carrying out thermal forming to obtain a composite fiber felt, wherein the polylactic acid fiber is hollow short fiber. The fiber felt has a multilayered structure including a linear macromolecular structure of polylactic acid, a high crystallization orientation structure of the natural fiber, a semi-opening type hollow structure of the polylactic acid fiber, a microfiber pore structure of the natural fiber and a gap structure among the fibers. The special gradient structure has the functions of heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction, and the frequency range of shock absorption and noise reduction can be expanded; when the all-degradation heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction polylactic acid/ natural fiber composite material interior trim part is used for a transportation tool, the comfort of a passenger can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of polymer materials, be specifically related to a kind of inside gadget being composited by half perforating hollow acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric and fire retardant and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fibrous felt is mainly used in the equipment such as automobile, household electrical appliances, and to reach the object of heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction, but at present, the raw material of fibrous felt are mainly derived from petroleum derivation macromolecular material.No matter from the source of material or the discarded object of material, all to environment, caused very large pressure.Selecting suitable Biodegradable material to replace petroleum derivation macromolecular material is the effective way addressing this problem.
In biodegradated polymer materal, PLA (PLA) has good degradation property, biocompatibility and good mechanical performance.PLA is that the L-type lactic acid polymerizes with starch, carbohydrate fermentation forms, and all agricultural product, can extract Starch Production PLA such as corn etc.Its discarded object degradation through microorganism in soil or water is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, can not pollute, and be a kind of ecomaterial of sustainable development.Natural fabric has the advantages such as density is low, higher, cheap than performance, aboundresources, degradable, in recent years, becomes the material that people receive much concern, and becomes the focus of whole world research.
Sound-absorbing material can be divided into three kinds according to sound-absorbing principle: porous type: as asbestos, glass wool and flexible polyurethane foam etc.; Plate (film) oscillating mode: as laminate, hard fiber board, slabstone etc.; Sympathetic response type: as empty hard fiber board, porose plasterboard and porose metallic plate etc.Porous sound absorbing mechanism refers to the air duct that has the Shi， space, trickle space that much interconnects to form when material internal, can be modeled as the pipe configuration forming by forming many tubules or capillary between solid frame.When sound wave is passed on a skill of craft to others, because of different from the acoustic vibration speed in the middle of pipe near tube wall in tubule, the interior friction being caused by speed difference between medium, making acoustic vibration Conversion of Energy is that heat energy is absorbed.Resonance acoustical absorption mechanism refers to the generation vibration under the exciting of sound wave of resonant structure in material, the object of vibration due to self interior friction and with the friction of air, a part of acoustic energy is transformed into heat energy and consumes.According to principle of conservation of energy, the energy of these damages is all from making object that the energy of the sound wave of vibration occur.Because different structures and object have eigentone separately, when the intrinsic frequency of frequency of sound wave and object structures approaches, will there is covibration, now the vibration of structure and object is the strongest, it is maximum that amplitude and vibration velocity reach, also just at most, sonic system number is maximum at its resonant frequency place for the acoustic energy consuming.Polymer has feature sound absorption spectrum, and material acoustical absorbance properties is relevant with polymer molecular structure and morphological character, also relevant with its AD HOC in glass transition region． molecular motion.Under the sound wave effect of molecule segment motion in characteristic frequency, produce resonance, acoustic energy is fully absorbed.But after all, the quality of sound-absorbing effect all with material layer in air layer closely related.In addition, the existence of air layer is for the heat insulation certain effect that also played.
The damping noise reduction performance of material is relevant with the damping characteristic of material, and the basic principle of damping makes systems attempt return to inactive state by energy dissipation exactly in vibration processes.Viscoelastic material has larger fissipation factor, higher damping capacity, and show best damping capacity in its glass transition region.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of current fibrofelt aspect heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction, provide that a kind of degradable is heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction PLA Composite Fiber inside gadget and preparation method thereof.
The present invention proposes has heat insulation, sound insulation, the compound fully degraded inside gadget material of noise reduction PLA/natural fabric of gradient-structure, by acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric, fire retardant three parts, formed, described composite fibre inside gadget is comprised of acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric and fire retardant, the percentage that each component accounts for gross weight is: acid fiber by polylactic 35%～60%, fire retardant 8%～10%, all the other are natural fabric, and its gross weight meets 100%; Described composite fibre inside gadget has multilayered structure, and in macrostructure, composite comprises the pore structure between the inner fento of the half perforating hollow structure, natural fabric of acid fiber by polylactic, the gap structure of fibrofelt etc.From molecular chain structure angle, composite has the linear macromolecule structure of synthesizing polylactic acid, the high crystalline orientation structure of natural fabric.This special gradient-structure makes fibrofelt have heat insulation, sound insulation and decrease of noise functions, and multi-level structure is widened the frequency range of material vibration-absorbing and reducing noise.
In the present invention, described composite fibre inside gadget material has good heat insulation, sound insulation, decrease of noise functions.
In the present invention, described composite fibre inside gadget material is comprised of degradable natural fabric and acid fiber by polylactic.Therefore, composite fibre interior material can be degradable under certain environment condition.
In the present invention, described acid fiber by polylactic has hollow structure.
In the present invention, described fire retardant is environment-friendly type phosphorus system or aluminium hydroxide fire retardant.
In the present invention, described natural fabric is one or more in hemp, linen fibre, tossa, sisal fiber, cotton fiber, viscose or bamboo fibre.
In the present invention, the draw ratio of described natural fabric is 5-100.
In the present invention, described composite fibre interior material has special macrostructure: the pore structure between half perforating hollow structure of acid fiber by polylactic, the inner fento of natural fabric, the gap structure of fibrofelt etc.This special construction, makes to have a large amount of hollow structures in fibrofelt, has formed air duct, when sound wave imports into, fiber tube wall is different from the acoustic vibration speed in pipe, and the interior friction being caused by speed difference between medium, makes acoustic wave energy be converted into heat energy and absorb.
In the present invention, the material that forms composite fibrofelt has special macromolecular structure: PLA is that linear polyester, the large molecules align of natural fabric are tight, and the degree of orientation is large.They are formed by thousands of little molecule aggregations, slip, rotation due to macromolecular chain and chain, the rotation of key, configuration, conformation etc. make it have higher viscoplasticity, this character makes macromolecular material become a kind of good damping material, sound wave and vibration can be converted into heat energy, thereby reach the effect of sound-absorbing and antidetonation.And the material of different molecular chain structures has different viscoplasticity, the sound-absorbing of material, noise reduction frequency are different, thereby the sound-absorbing of complex fiber material, noise reduction frequency are broad.
The present invention proposes a kind ofly have that gradient-structure degradable is heat insulation, the preparation method of sound insulation, noise reduction PLA/natural fabric composite fibre inside gadget, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) by weight acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric are mixed in mixer, obtain blended fiber;
(2), by weight blended fiber is processed with fire retardant, the method that fire retardant is processed is that blended fiber is immersed in to post-drying in retardant solution;
(3) blended fiber of handling well is sent into after carding machine combing, the parallel fibre sheet material that is overlapped to form in lapping machine;
(4) fibre sheet material is sent into needing machine and carried out acupuncture, needle plate, by up and down reciprocatingly acupuncture, is brought the part staple fibre in fibre sheet material into vertical direction, makes the primary filament felt that acts in collusion crisscross, then sends into multiple thorn machine and make fibrofelt;
(5) the good composite fibrofelt of acupuncture is carried out hot-forming, hot-forming temperature, at 130-150 ℃, obtains the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric.Involved in the present invention have that gradient-structure is heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction fully-degradable polylactic acid/natural-fiber composite material inside gadget material, the pore structure with gradient, therefore different strands has different glass transition temperatures, has heat insulation, sound insulation preferably, anti-acoustic capability in wider temperature range and frequency.And selecting biodegradable synthetic fiber and natural fabric is raw material, belongs to the composite of environmental friendliness, sustainable development.
feature of the present invention:
The special gradient-structure of inside gadget composite prepared by the present invention makes composite fibrofelt have heat insulation, sound insulation and decrease of noise functions, and multi-level structure is widened the frequency range of material vibration-absorbing and reducing noise, during as the inside gadget of means of transport, can improve passenger's comfortableness.Composite fibre inside gadget material is comprised of degradable natural fabric and acid fiber by polylactic, and therefore, composite fibre interior material can be degradable under certain environment condition, is a kind of composite of environmentally friendly, sustainable development.Can be used for different heat insulation, sound insulations and noise reduction environment, can be used for automobile, heat insulation, the sound insulation of electric equipment and noise reduction, also can be used for the relevant places such as building, equipment sound insulation and noise reduction.
The specific embodiment
embodiment 1
Take PLA doughnut 30 kg, hemp 24 kg, mix, and after processing, send into opener shredding mixing, shredding with 6 kg phosphate flame retardants; Blended fiber after shredding is sent into carding machine combing, then sends into lapping machine cross lapping, and it is 1.3-2.5m/s that control lapping machine drags curtain speed; The net of completing is sent in needing machine and carried out pre-needling, continue to be fed into afterwards main needing machine and carry out acupuncture, needing machine pin density is 400 pins/m
2, punch frequency is 510 times/min, finally at 140 ℃, hot-forming, clean, after dry composite fibre inside gadget material.The performance of gained composite fibre inside gadget material is as table 1:
The performance of table 1 composite fibre inside gadget material
embodiment 2
Take PLA doughnut 36 kg, hemp 19.2 kg, mix, and after processing, send into opener shredding mixing, shredding with 4.8 kg phosphate flame retardants; Blended fiber after shredding is sent into carding machine combing, then sends into lapping machine cross lapping, and it is 1.3-2.5m/s that control lapping machine drags curtain speed; The net of completing is sent in needing machine and carried out pre-needling, continue to be fed into afterwards main needing machine and carry out acupuncture, needing machine pin density is 500 pins/m
2, punch frequency is 510 times/min, finally at 150 ℃, hot-forming, clean, after dry composite fibre inside gadget material.The performance of gained composite fibre inside gadget material is as table 2:
The performance of table 1 composite fibre inside gadget material
Claims (6)
- One kind have that gradient-structure degradable is heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction PLA/natural fabric composite fibre inside gadget, it is characterized in that described composite fibre inside gadget is comprised of acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric and fire retardant, the percentage by weight of each component is: acid fiber by polylactic 35%～60%, fire retardant 8%～10%, all the other are natural fabric, its gross weight meets 100%, and wherein acid fiber by polylactic is hollow core staple fibers; Described composite fibre inside gadget has multilayered structure, in macrostructure, comprises half perforating hollow structure, the pore structure between the fento of natural fabric inside and the gap structure of fibrofelt of acid fiber by polylactic; From molecular chain structure angle, composite fibre inside gadget has the linear macromolecule structure of synthesizing polylactic acid, the high crystalline orientation structure of natural fabric; This gradient-structure makes fibrofelt have heat insulation, sound insulation and decrease of noise functions, and multi-level structure is widened the frequency range of material vibration-absorbing and reducing noise.
- 2. the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric according to claim 1, is characterized in that described natural fabric is selected from one or more in hemp, linen fibre, tossa, sisal fiber, cotton fiber, viscose or bamboo fibre.
- 3. the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric according to claim 1, the draw ratio that it is characterized in that described natural fabric is 5-100.
- 4. the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fire retardant be in environment-friendly type phosphorus system or aluminium hydroxide fire retardant any.
- 5. the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric according to claim 1, the linear macromolecule structure that it is characterized in that the synthesizing polylactic acid of described formation composite fibre inside gadget: PLA is that linear polyester, the large molecules align of natural fabric are tight, and the degree of orientation is large; They are formed by thousands of little molecule aggregations.
- 6. a preparation method for the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:(1) by weight acid fiber by polylactic, natural fabric are mixed in mixer, obtain blended fiber;(2), by weight blended fiber is processed with fire retardant, the method that fire retardant is processed is that blended fiber is immersed in to post-drying in retardant solution;(3) blended fiber of handling well is sent into after carding machine combing, the parallel fibre sheet material that is overlapped to form in lapping machine;(4) fibre sheet material is sent into needing machine and carried out acupuncture, needle plate, by up and down reciprocatingly acupuncture, is brought the part staple fibre in fibre sheet material into vertical direction, makes the primary filament felt that acts in collusion crisscross, then sends into multiple thorn machine and make fibrofelt;(5) the good composite fibrofelt of acupuncture is carried out hot-forming, hot-forming temperature, at 130-150 ℃, obtains the compound fully degraded inside gadget of PLA/natural fabric.
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| CN104711757A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2015-06-17 | 安徽一隆羽绒有限公司 | Novel chemical fiber cotton |
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| CN105951300A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 怀宁县鑫源无纺布有限公司 | Environment-friendly flame retardant non woven |
| CN105951298A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 怀宁县鑫源无纺布有限公司 | Environment-friendly and easily degradable non woven |
| CN106048885A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 华南理工大学 | Composite sound insulation material comprising cellulose fibers and nanofibers and preparation method of composite sound insulation material |
| CN106149197A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107012587A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of natural environmental-protective type flaxen fiber enhancing degradable polyalcohol group felt material and its composite board and preparation method |
| CN111424369A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-17 | 南通大学 | Activated carbon fiber sound-absorbing felt with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN111519347A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 青岛博时阻燃织物有限公司 | Polyester fiberboard based on hemp straw waste and production process thereof |
| CN111519348A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 青岛博时阻燃织物有限公司 | Polyester fiberboard based on jute straw waste and production process thereof |
| CN112779670A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 杭州朝盛塑业有限公司 | Needled heat-insulation non-woven fabric and production process thereof |
| CN112853611A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-28 | 东华大学 | Water-repellent sisal non-woven fabric packaging bag material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112981708A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-06-18 | 宁波霓科新材料有限公司 | Degradable hybrid fiber breathable felt, preparation method and drying method thereof |
| CN115960445A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-14 | 东华大学 | Surface-modified long bamboo fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite board and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104711757A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2015-06-17 | 安徽一隆羽绒有限公司 | Novel chemical fiber cotton |
| CN105754145A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of degradable composite materials for cars |
| CN106149197B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-10-09 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105951298A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 怀宁县鑫源无纺布有限公司 | Environment-friendly and easily degradable non woven |
| CN106048885A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-10-26 | 华南理工大学 | Composite sound insulation material comprising cellulose fibers and nanofibers and preparation method of composite sound insulation material |
| CN106149197A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of hybrid structure biodegradable composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106048885B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-06-19 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of cellulose fiber peacekeeping nanofiber composite sound isolating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105951300A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-21 | 怀宁县鑫源无纺布有限公司 | Environment-friendly flame retardant non woven |
| CN107012587A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of natural environmental-protective type flaxen fiber enhancing degradable polyalcohol group felt material and its composite board and preparation method |
| CN111424369A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-17 | 南通大学 | Activated carbon fiber sound-absorbing felt with gradient structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN111519347A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 青岛博时阻燃织物有限公司 | Polyester fiberboard based on hemp straw waste and production process thereof |
| CN111519348A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-11 | 青岛博时阻燃织物有限公司 | Polyester fiberboard based on jute straw waste and production process thereof |
| CN112853611A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-28 | 东华大学 | Water-repellent sisal non-woven fabric packaging bag material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112779670A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 杭州朝盛塑业有限公司 | Needled heat-insulation non-woven fabric and production process thereof |
| CN112981708A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-06-18 | 宁波霓科新材料有限公司 | Degradable hybrid fiber breathable felt, preparation method and drying method thereof |
| CN115960445A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-14 | 东华大学 | Surface-modified long bamboo fiber reinforced polylactic acid composite board and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |