CN113952932B - Mineral product for radionuclide adsorption and fixation and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Mineral product for radionuclide adsorption and fixation and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113952932B CN113952932B CN202110911387.6A CN202110911387A CN113952932B CN 113952932 B CN113952932 B CN 113952932B CN 202110911387 A CN202110911387 A CN 202110911387A CN 113952932 B CN113952932 B CN 113952932B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a mineral product for radionuclide adsorption and fixation, and preparation and application thereof, wherein the mineral product is modified halloysite with amino and/or mercapto grafted on the surface. The invention has the advantages of good product adsorption and fixation effects, simple preparation method flow, convenient application method, short sintering time, low energy consumption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of adsorption and in-situ nuclide fixation of modified halloysite.
Background
Nuclear energy has been widely used in nuclear power plants and military applications. However, the development of the nuclear industry inevitably generates a large amount of spent fuel and nuclear waste, which presents serious challenges to the human living environment. One type of concern that may be particularly relevant in high level waste treatment is the medium life of fission products, particularly 90 Sr (half-life 28.8 a) 137 Cs (half-life 30.2 a), radiation beta-radiationLines and gamma rays. The high nuclear waste disposal in China adopts internationally recognized deep geological disposal technical route, the radionuclide is fixed or contained in the solidified base material by means of the solidified base material (glass, mineral or ceramic, ceramic-glass and the like), and then the radionuclide is fully isolated from the biosphere in the deep underground disposal warehouse as far as possible. However, the existing synthesis of the solidified body generally requires complicated equipment and process conditions, and has high raw material cost, long sintering time and high energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost, long sintering time, high energy consumption and the like of the prior product or method for fixing the nuclide raw material, and provides an organosilane modified halloysite used as a nuclide adsorption and fixation object, which has the advantages of simple preparation, low utilization cost and low energy consumption. The invention also provides a preparation and application method of the product.
The invention firstly discloses the following technical scheme:
mineral products for radionuclide adsorption and immobilization are modified halloysite grafted with amino and/or mercapto functional groups on the surface.
In the scheme, halloysite is a 1:1 dihedral layered silicate mineral, is generally tubular in shape, and has a relatively high specific surface area.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the modification is achieved by an organosilane containing an amino group and/or a mercapto group, such as an aminosilane and/or a mercaptosilane.
The aminosilane of the above embodiment is a compound having the formula R-Si-NH 2 The mercaptosilane refers to an organosilane having the structural formula R-Si-SH.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the organosilane is selected from one or more of 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl- γ -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane.
The invention further provides a method for preparing the mineral product, which comprises the following steps:
and adding halloysite into the organosilane solution, carrying out heating reflux reaction for 6-24h at 80-120 ℃, separating the obtained solid, and drying to obtain the mineral product.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the halloysite and the organosilane are in a ratio of: at normal temperature, each 1-10 mL of organosilane is used for modifying 2-10 g of halloysite.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the solvent of the solution of organosilane is selected from one or more of ethanol, ethanol-water mixture, toluene, n-hexane, etc.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the preparation method comprises:
1-10 mL of the organosilane is dissolved in 50-200 mL of organic solvent to obtain an organosilane solution, then 2-10 g of halloysite is added, and the mixture is heated and subjected to reflux reaction for 6-24h under the stirring of the rotating speed of 200-800 rpm; and performing centrifugal separation, washing the solid product by using an organic solvent, and finally, drying the obtained solid in an oven at 100-120 ℃ to obtain the mineral product.
The invention further provides a method of application of the mineral product described above, comprising:
the mineral product is added to an aqueous solution of radionuclides to adsorb the nuclides.
Preferably, the addition amount is: the ratio of the mass of the mineral product to the volume of the aqueous solution of the nuclide is 0.5g/L to 1g/L, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of the nuclide is 100mg/L to 5000mg/L.
Preferably, the adsorption process comprises: and adding the mineral product into the water solution of the nuclide, adsorbing for 5-120 min under the stirring of 400-500 rpm, centrifuging, and drying the solid product.
More preferably, the adsorption time is 30 to 60 minutes.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the application method comprises:
calcining the mineral product adsorbed with the radionuclide at 900-1200 ℃ to fix the adsorbed radionuclide.
Preferably, the temperature rising rate of the calcination is 10-50 ℃/min.
Preferably, the calcination time is 1 to 3 hours.
The principle of the invention comprises: through covalent grafting of organosilane and halloysite surface hydroxyl, functional groups such as amino, mercapto and the like are introduced to the halloysite surface to form effective adsorption sites, in the adsorption process, nuclides and halloysite surface functional groups undergo a complexation reaction and are adsorbed on the surface of a modified halloysite inner cavity, in the fixing process, under the heating condition of 900-1200 ℃, the halloysite nano-tube undergoes collapse end capping, nuclides adsorbed in the halloysite inner cavity are fixed in the nano-tube, and adsorption and in-situ fixation of the nuclides in the halloysite inner cavity are realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method, organosilane is fully utilized to carry out covalent grafting modification on halloysite, and functional groups are introduced to the surface of the halloysite inner cavity, so that the surface of the halloysite inner cavity becomes a main adsorption site of nuclide; compared with other common halloysite modification methods (such as acid/alkali etching treatment, heat treatment, surfactant modification treatment and the like), the organosilane grafting modification can stably graft specific functional groups on the surface of a halloysite inner cavity, so that the fixed-point adsorption of nuclides on the surface of the halloysite inner cavity is realized.
The application method of the invention utilizes the collapse end capping of the halloysite nanotube at the two ends of 900-1200 ℃, thereby fixing the adsorbed nuclide in situ in the halloysite nanotube; compared with other nuclide adsorption mineral materials (such as zeolite, synthetic mesoporous silica, montmorillonite and the like), the organosilane modified halloysite has higher adsorption quantity on nuclides, and the high-temperature collapse end capping of the halloysite nanotube has better curing effect on adsorbed nuclides, and the immobilized nuclides have better leaching resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of an organosilane modified halloysite sample in example 1
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of an organosilane modified halloysite sample in example 1
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of example 1Halloysite as-is and fixed nuclide Sr 2+ And (5) a transmission electron microscope contrast diagram of the organosilane modified halloysite sample.
FIG. 4 is a sample pair of organosilane modified halloysite to simulated nuclide Sr in example 2 2+ Adsorption profile of (2).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but it should be understood that the examples and drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All reasonable variations and combinations that are included within the scope of the inventive concept fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Organosilane modified halloysite was prepared by the following procedure:
(1) 10mL of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane was dissolved in 200mL of ethanol, 10g of halloysite was added, heated and reacted under reflux for 24 hours with stirring at 400rpm, followed by centrifugation, washing 3 times with ethanol solvent, oven-drying at 105℃and grinding and sieving through a 100 mesh sieve. An organosilane modified halloysite sample was obtained. The structure of the halloysite is characterized to obtain an infrared spectrogram of the halloysite before and after the organosilane modification shown in the figure 1 and a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrogram of the organosilane modified halloysite shown in the figure 2, and the figure 1 shows that the halloysite has typical stretching vibration peaks of inner surface hydroxyl and inner hydroxyl and are respectively positioned at 3698cm -1 And 3626cm -1 . After the halloysite is grafted and modified by silane, 2933cm of halloysite is newly appeared -1 is-CH 2 The asymmetric stretching vibration of (2) shows that the organosilane was successfully grafted on the halloysite surface. From FIG. 2 it can be seen that the organosilane hydrolyzes to form T 2 And T 3 And the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the halloysite are grafted on the surface of the halloysite through a dehydration condensation reaction.
Radionuclide Sr by modifying halloysite with obtained organosilane 2+ Is as follows:
(2) Adding the obtained organosilane modified halloysite to the simulated radionuclide Sr 2+ In solution to modify erlotingThe stone mass/nuclide concentration meter was added in an amount of 0.5 g/(g/L), and the solid product was dried at 100℃by rapidly stirring with a stirrer at 500rpm for 2 hours, followed by centrifugal separation.
The adsorption and fixation are carried out by the following steps:
(3) Placing the solid product obtained in the step (2) in a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a muffle furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, calcining for 2 hours, naturally cooling to normal temperature, and taking out to obtain the fixed simulated radionuclide Sr 2+ Is a modified halloysite of (c).
And (3) performing transmission electron microscope characterization on the halloysite (a) and the organosilane modified halloysite (b) which is obtained by adsorbing Sr and calcining and fixing in situ, wherein as shown in figure 3, the halloysite is hollow tubular shape before calcining, the ports at the two ends of the calcined halloysite nanotube show obvious collapse, and the hollow tubular shape is converted into a solid rod shape.
Example 2
Organosilane modified halloysite was prepared by the following procedure:
(1) 5mL of mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane was dissolved in 100mL of ethanol, 10g of halloysite was added, heated and refluxed with stirring at 400rpm for 12 hours, then centrifuged, washed 3 times with ethanol solvent, oven-dried at 105℃and ground and sieved through a 100 mesh sieve. An organosilane modified halloysite sample was obtained.
Radionuclide Sr by modifying halloysite with obtained organosilane 2+ Is as follows:
(2) Adding the organosilane modified halloysite obtained in the step (1) to a radionuclide Sr 2+ The amount added to the solution was 0.5 g/(g/L) (based on the mass/nuclide concentration of the modified halloysite). The solid product was dried at 100℃by rapid stirring at 500rpm for 2 hours using a stirrer, followed by centrifugation. The adsorption curve is shown in figure 4, and the organosilane adsorbent is used for adsorbing Sr for 30 minutes 2+ The adsorption amount of the catalyst is up to 321mg/g.
The adsorption and fixation are carried out by the following steps:
placing the solid product obtained in the step (2) in a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a muffle furnace at a speed of 10 ℃/mHeating in to 1100 ℃, calcining for 2h, naturally cooling to normal temperature, and taking out to obtain the fixed simulated radionuclide Sr 2+ Is a modified halloysite of (c).
Example 3
Organosilane modified halloysite was prepared by the following procedure:
(1) 5mL of mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane was dissolved in 100mL of ethanol, 10g of halloysite was added, heated and refluxed with stirring at 400rpm for 12 hours, then centrifuged, washed 3 times with ethanol solvent, oven-dried at 105℃and ground and sieved through a 100 mesh sieve. An organosilane modified halloysite sample was obtained.
Radionuclide Sr by modifying halloysite with obtained organosilane 2+ Is as follows:
(2) Adding the organosilane modified halloysite obtained in the step (1) to a radionuclide Sr 2+ To the solution, 1 g/(g/L) (based on the modified halloysite mass/nuclide concentration) was added. The solid product was dried at 100℃by rapid stirring at 500rpm for 2 hours using a stirrer, followed by centrifugation. According to the adsorption curve, the organic silane adsorbent adsorbs Sr for 30 minutes 2+ The adsorption amount of the catalyst is up to 585mg/g.
The adsorption and fixation are carried out by the following steps:
placing the solid product obtained in the step (2) in a magnetic boat, placing the magnetic boat in a muffle furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, calcining for 2 hours, naturally cooling to normal temperature, and taking out to obtain the fixed simulated radionuclide Sr 2+ Is a modified halloysite of (c).
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the concept of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of application of a mineral product for radionuclide adsorption and immobilization, characterized by: it comprises the following steps:
adding the mineral product into an aqueous solution containing radionuclide strontium to adsorb nuclides; calcining the mineral product adsorbed with the radionuclide strontium at 900-1200 ℃ to fix the adsorbed nuclide in situ; wherein the mineral product is modified halloysite grafted with amino and/or mercapto functional groups on the surface.
2. The application method according to claim 1, wherein: the modification is achieved by means of organosilanes containing amino groups and/or mercapto groups.
3. The application method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the organosilane is selected from one or more of 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane.
4. A method of use according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the preparation of the mineral product comprises: and adding halloysite into the solution of the organosilane containing the amino groups and/or the mercapto groups, carrying out heating reflux reaction for 6-24 hours at 80-120 ℃, and then separating and drying the obtained solid to obtain the mineral product.
5. The application method according to claim 4, wherein: the mixture ratio of the halloysite to the organosilane is as follows: and at normal temperature, modifying 2-10 g of halloysite per 1-10 mL of organosilane.
6. The application method according to claim 4, wherein: the solvent of the organosilane solution is one or more selected from ethanol, ethanol-water mixture, toluene and n-hexane.
7. The application method according to claim 4, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1-10 mL of organosilane is dissolved in 50-200 mL of organic solvent to obtain an organosilane solution, 2-10 g of halloysite is added, and the mixture is heated and subjected to reflux reaction for 6-24 hours under stirring at a rotating speed of 200-800 rpm; and performing centrifugal separation, washing the solid product by using an organic solvent, and finally, drying the obtained solid in an oven at 100-120 ℃ to obtain the mineral product.
8. The application method according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the mass of the mineral product to the volume of the nuclide aqueous solution is 0.5 g/L-1 g/L, wherein the concentration of the nuclide aqueous solution is 100 mg/L-5000 mg/L.
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