CN113951497A - Method for improving stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for improving stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951497A CN113951497A CN202111411751.9A CN202111411751A CN113951497A CN 113951497 A CN113951497 A CN 113951497A CN 202111411751 A CN202111411751 A CN 202111411751A CN 113951497 A CN113951497 A CN 113951497A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 108010074686 Selenoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 46
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N isomaltose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O1 DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-RTPHMHGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;dihydrogen phosphate;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N Isomaltose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O AYRXSINWFIIFAE-SCLMCMATSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/045—Organic compounds containing nitrogen as heteroatom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/32—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using phonon wave energy, e.g. sound or ultrasonic waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, a product and application thereof, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing water-soluble selenium-enriched protein and a water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%; s2, adding glucan into the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to the glucan is 1:1, so as to obtain a reaction solution, and adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 7-9; and S3, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment and pulsed electric field treatment on the reaction liquid to obtain a water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan graft product. The invention adopts a unique extraction process to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, and further carries out ultrasonic treatment and pulse electric field assisted moist heat treatment on the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to obtain a water-soluble selenium-enriched protein-glucan grafted product with excellent stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food engineering, in particular to a method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, a product and application thereof.
Background
Proteins and polysaccharides are the two most important types of biomacromolecules in a food emulsifying system and are main factors influencing the structure and texture of food. Proteins act as emulsifiers in colloidal systems because they can form an adsorption layer on the liquid-liquid or gas-liquid interface to reduce interfacial tension, and polysaccharides are commonly used as stabilizers because of their good thickening and water-holding properties. The covalent bond combined protein and polysaccharide form a graft, which not only retains the surface activity of the protein, but also has the hydrophilic property of the polysaccharide, and has higher adaptability to environmental conditions compared with a mixture formed by weak interaction of protein and polysaccharide.
The water-soluble plant selenoprotein has the advantages of high selenium content ratio, good water solubility, easy absorption and the like, but has the defects of poor stability and easy deterioration, so the problem of how to improve the stability of the water-soluble plant selenoprotein is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein and a product and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose that the blockage cannot occur, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing water-soluble selenium-enriched protein and a water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%;
s2, adding glucan into the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to the glucan is 1:1, so as to obtain a reaction solution, and adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 7-9;
and S3, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment and pulsed electric field treatment on the reaction liquid to obtain a water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan graft product.
Preferably, in step S1, the step of preparing the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein comprises:
s11, drying and crushing the selenium-rich raw materials, and sieving the selenium-rich raw materials with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich raw material powder;
s12, stirring the mixture in a stirrer according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-20) (g/ml) adding the selenium-rich raw material powder and distilled water, and extracting for 2-3h at 15-25 ℃ and at a stirring speed of 100-; filtering under reduced pressure after extraction to obtain a first selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and first filter residue;
s13, adding a Tris-HCl buffer solution with the weight 2-3 times that of the first filter residue into the first filter residue for homogenization to obtain a homogenate; adding the Tris-HCl buffer solution with the volume 15 times that of the homogenate, and leaching for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-25 ℃; centrifuging for 15-20min under the condition of 8000r/min of 5000-;
s14, adding disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the weight 2-3 times of that of the first precipitate into the first precipitate, and carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 10-15min at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ under the conditions of 300-500W; filtering under reduced pressure after ultrasonic extraction is finished to obtain a third selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and second filter residue;
s15, combining the first selenoprotein extracting solution, the second selenoprotein extracting solution and the third selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a crude selenoprotein extracting solution, and concentrating the crude selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a selenoprotein concentrated solution;
s16, adding ammonium sulfate into the selenium-enriched protein concentrated solution until the saturation degree is 95%, standing for 10-12h at 4 ℃, centrifuging for 10-15min at 3000-;
s17, adding water into the second precipitate, adding the second precipitate into a dialysis bag after the second precipitate is completely dissolved, and dialyzing in distilled water for 18-24 hours; the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 3000-;
and S18, freeze-drying the dialyzed solution to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein.
Preferably, the stirrer is a magnetic stirrer.
Preferably, in step S15, the concentrating includes: and (3) placing the crude extract of the selenium-enriched protein extracting solution into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 12-15% of the original volume at 50-55 ℃ under the condition of 0.12-0.15 MPa.
Preferably, in step S3, the ultrasonic processing includes: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an ultrasonic water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the water bath temperature of 55-65 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 200W for 20-30 min.
Preferably, in step S3, the pulsed electric field processing includes: and treating the reaction liquid by adopting a pulse electric field with the frequency of 1000Hz and 30kV, wherein the pulse treatment time is 1000-1500 mu s.
Also provided is a product prepared by the above method.
Also provides an application of the product in preparing a beverage, and the beverage is prepared by blending the product with concentrated fruit juice/concentrated vegetable juice.
The oral liquid is prepared by mixing the product with concentrated ferment juice, isomaltose hypgather, inulin, resistant dextrin and momordica grosvenori glucoside.
Preferably, the product of claim 7 comprises, in parts by weight: concentrating the enzyme juice: isomaltooligosaccharide: inulin: resistant dextrin: mogroside 1: (8-10): (0.2-0.5): (0.2-0.3): (0.1-0.2): (0.01-0.02).
The invention mainly adopts various selenium-rich raw materials, firstly adopts a unique extraction process to process the various selenium-rich raw materials to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein with high yield and good purity, and further adopts ultrasonic treatment and pulse electric field assisted moist heat treatment to the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein-glucan grafted product with excellent stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the grafting yield of comparative example 1 with the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the free amino acid content of a glycosylated sample under three conditions;
FIG. 3 shows the stability of the glycosylated selenium-enriched protein of the present invention at different pH values;
FIG. 4 shows the stability of the glycosylated selenium-enriched protein of the present invention at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing water-soluble selenium-enriched protein and a water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%;
s2, adding glucan into the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to the glucan is 1:1, so as to obtain a reaction solution, and adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 7-9 by using hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution;
s3, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment and pulsed electric field treatment on the reaction liquid to obtain a water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan grafted product; specifically, the ultrasonic treatment comprises: putting the reaction solution into an ultrasonic water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment under the conditions of water bath temperature of 55-65 ℃ (preferably 60 ℃) and ultrasonic power of 200W for 20-30min (preferably 25 min); the pulsed electric field treatment comprises: treating the reaction liquid by adopting a pulse electric field with the frequency of 1000Hz and 30kV, wherein the pulse treatment time is 1000-1500 mu s (preferably 1200 mu s);
specifically, in step S1, the step of preparing the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein includes:
s11, drying and crushing the selenium-rich raw materials, and sieving the selenium-rich raw materials with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich raw material powder; in the embodiment, the selenium-rich raw materials comprise selenium-rich oyster mushroom, selenium-rich soybean and selenium-rich cardamine violifolia, and the selenium-rich oyster mushroom comprises the following components in percentage by weight: selenium-rich mushroom: selenium-rich soybean: selenium-rich cardamine violifolia (berk.) nakai in a ratio of 1:1: 2: 3, the selenium-enriched protein can be provided by various selenium-enriched plant raw materials, and meanwhile, the various selenium-enriched raw materials can pass through different types and different contents of nutrient elements, such as amino acid, mineral substances, vitamins and the like, so that the product is rich in overall nutrition and reasonable in collocation;
s12, stirring the mixture in a stirrer (preferably a magnetic stirrer) according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-20) (weight volume ratio m/v, specifically g/ml) (preferably 1:18) adding the selenium-rich raw material powder and distilled water, and extracting for 2-3h at 15-25 deg.C (preferably 20 deg.C) and stirring speed of 100-; filtering under reduced pressure after extraction to obtain a first selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and first filter residue;
s13, adding a Tris-HCl buffer solution with the weight 2-3 times that of the first filter residue into the first filter residue for homogenization to obtain a homogenate; adding the Tris-HCl buffer solution with the volume 15 times that of the homogenate, and leaching for 24 hours under the condition of 15-25 ℃ (preferably 20 ℃); centrifuging for 15-20min under the condition of 8000r/min of 5000-; wherein the Tris-HCl buffer solution contains 0.1-0.2mol/L NaCl, has a pH value of 7-8 and has a concentration of 0.01-0.02 mol/L;
s14, adding 2-3 times of disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution into the first precipitate, and performing ultrasonic extraction at 300-500W (preferably 400W) at 15-20 deg.C for 10-15min (preferably 12 min); filtering under reduced pressure after ultrasonic extraction is finished to obtain a third selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and second filter residue;
s15, combining the first selenoprotein extracting solution, the second selenoprotein extracting solution and the third selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a crude selenoprotein extracting solution, and concentrating the crude selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a selenoprotein concentrated solution; wherein the concentrating comprises: placing the crude selenium-enriched protein extract in a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under reduced pressure at 50-55 deg.C (preferably 52 deg.C) and 0.12-0.15MPa to 12-15% (preferably 13%) of the original volume;
s16, adding ammonium sulfate into the selenium-enriched protein concentrated solution until the saturation degree is 95%, standing for 10-12h at 4 ℃, centrifuging for 10-15min at 3000-;
s17, adding water into the second precipitate, adding the second precipitate into a dialysis bag after the second precipitate is completely dissolved, and dialyzing in distilled water for 18-24 hours; the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 3000-5000Da (preferably 3500 Da);
and S18, freeze-drying the dialyzed solution to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein.
Example 2:
this example provides a product prepared by the method described in example 1.
Example 3:
this example provides the use of the product of example 2 in the preparation of a beverage prepared by blending, sterilizing, and filling the product of example 2 with concentrated fruit/vegetable juice.
Example 4:
this example provides an application of the product of example 2 in preparing an oral liquid, which is prepared by blending, sterilizing, and filling the product of example 2 with concentrated ferment juice, isomaltooligosaccharide, inulin, resistant dextrin, mogroside, and the like; and the product described in example 2, in parts by weight: concentrating the enzyme juice: isomaltooligosaccharide: inulin: resistant dextrin: mogroside 1: (8-10): (0.2-0.5): (0.2-0.3): (0.1-0.2): (0.01-0.02) (preferably 1:9:0.4:0.25:0.15: 0.015).
The corresponding plant selenoprotein prepared by the method of patent application No. 201410645462.9, "a method for preparing pure natural plant selenoprotein" was used as comparative example 1, and was tested with the water-soluble selenoprotein prepared by the method of the present invention (hereinafter, all "water-soluble selenoprotein") to obtain the purity, yield and appearance of the selenoprotein, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 yield, purity and appearance of selenoproteins
| Yield (%) | Purity (%) | Appearance of the product | |
| Comparative example 1 | 58.47±1.33 | 72.14±1.22 | Light yellow particles and obvious impurities |
| The invention | 84.49±1.12 | 92.22±1.50 | White powder without obvious impurity |
Therefore, in the process of preparing the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein, the concentrated solution is prepared by adopting a water extraction, double buffer solution and ultrasonic treatment mode, and then the concentrated solution is subjected to salting out and dialysis, so that the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein in the raw materials can be fully analyzed, and most impurities are removed, thereby greatly improving the yield, the purity and the appearance quality of the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein.
The preparation method and the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein of the invention are subjected to various evaluation tests as follows:
1. effect of glycosylation modification
The water-soluble selenoprotein and the glucan are subjected to glycosylation modification through a conventional wet-heat reaction, the product is used as a comparative example 2, the water-soluble selenoprotein and the glucan are subjected to glycosylation modification through ultrasonic and pulsed electric field treatment in the step S3 in the embodiment 1, and the product is the following embodiment 1.
The reaction effect of glycosylation modification was evaluated by the degree of grafting and the free amino acid content.
1) Degree of grafting
The TNBS method is adopted for determination: 1mL of the product samples of comparative example 2 and example 1 was added with 1m L0.1% SDS solution to prepare 0.2% (w/v) protein solution, and mixed well. 0.4mL of the sample solution was added with 2mL of phosphate solution (pH 8.2) and 1mL of 0.1% (w/v) TNBS reagent in this order, and mixed well. After the reaction was carried out in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min in the absence of light, 2mL of HCl (0.1mol/L) was added to terminate the reaction. Standing at room temperature for 30min, treating with distilled water instead of sample as blank, adjusting to zero, measuring absorbance at 340nm, and calculating grafting ratio of the grafting product obtained by glycosylation modification at reaction time of 60min, with the result shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, in the example 1 of the present invention, under the condition of ultrasound + pulsed electric field assisted wet heat method, the grafting rate of the protein-dextran graft product reaches 21.8% when the reaction is carried out for 60min, while in the comparative example 2, the grafting rate is only 5.8%, because the protein reactive group can be exposed by the ultrasound + pulsed electric field treatment in the present invention, the glycosylation reaction is easy to be carried out, the sugar grafting is facilitated, and thus the grafting rate of the glycosylation modification can be significantly increased.
2) Free amino acid content
Measured by o-phthalaldehyde method. The content of free amino acid in the glycosylated sample under the three conditions of ultrasonic treatment, pulsed electric field treatment and ultrasonic synergistic pulsed electric field treatment is respectively measured, and the selenoprotein which is not glycosylated and grafted is taken as a comparative example 3. First, 40mg of collarbaldehyde was dissolved in 1mL of methanol, then 25mL of 10mM sodium tetraborate, 2.5mL of 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 100. mu.L of β -mercaptoethanol were added in that order, and finally, the solution was diluted to a volume of 50mL to form the phthalaldehyde reagent. 4mL of o-phthalaldehyde reagent was mixed with 200. mu.L of the sample solution (5mg/mL) and then subjected to a water bath at 37 ℃ for 2 min. The absorbance value of the sample at 340nm was determined. A lysine solution with a certain concentration gradient is used for drawing a standard curve, and the measurement result of the amino acid content is shown in figure 2.
In the early stage of the Maillard reaction, lysine and arginine in proteins exhibit the form of free amino groups on the side chains, so these two amino acids are mainly affected by the external action, i.e., the carbonyl groups of reducing sugars react with them by glycosylation to change the content of free amino groups. As shown in fig. 2, the free amino acid content of the treated protein-glucose graft product was significantly reduced compared to the untreated selenoprotein, especially the free amino acid content was minimized after the ultrasonic-co-pulsed electric field treatment. The ultrasonic wave has the effects of mechanical mass transfer, heating, cavitation and the like, so that the structure becomes flexible and loose, the application of a pulse electric field improves the cell wall breakage rate, and the component dissolution rate is increased. Under the combined action of the ultrasonic wave and the pulse electric field, more free amino acid is provided for the grafting degree reaction, so that the glycosylation reaction is promoted.
2. Determination of emulsion stability
The determination of the emulsification stability adopts a turbidity method, the water-soluble selenoprotein (namely the selenoprotein in a figure 3) and the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan graft product (namely the selenoprotein after glycosylation modification in the figure 3) are respectively prepared into 1mg/mL solution, 15mL protein solution and 5mL soybean oil are added into a test tube, the emulsion is processed for 1min by a 20000r/min high-speed dispersion instrument, 50 muL of the emulsion is rapidly sampled from the bottom of the test tube at 0min and 10min respectively, the solution is diluted by 100 times by 1mg/mL SDS solution, and the absorbance value of the sample is determined at 500nm by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the emulsifying index (EAI, 2/g) and the emulsifying stability index (ESI, min), and the result is shown in the figure 3.
Wherein, DF is a dilution factor, and DF is 101; rho is protein concentration, g/mL; phi is optical path, and phi is 0.01 m; theta is the fraction of the oil phase, and theta is 0.25; a0 is the absorbance value of the sample at 0 min; a10 is the absorbance of the sample at 10 min.
As can be seen from fig. 3, under different pH conditions, the emulsification stability of the water-soluble selenoprotein is significantly improved after glycosylation modification, which indicates that the glycosylation modification can significantly enhance the stability of the water-soluble selenoprotein under different pH environments.
3. Determination of thermal stability
The water-soluble selenoprotein (the selenoprotein in figure 4) and the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan graft product (the selenoprotein after glycosylation modification in figure 4) are respectively dissolved in 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) to prepare a 4mg/mL sample solution, then the sample solution is heated for 1h at different temperatures (60-100 ℃), the protein content is determined by adopting a Lowry method after the sample solution is cooled to room temperature, and the light absorption value of a sample at 500nm is determined by utilizing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a standard curve. The thermal stability was calculated from the protein content in the sample and the protein content in the solution, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
It can be seen from fig. 4 that the thermal stability of the selenoprotein after glycosylation modification is obviously better than that of the selenoprotein extract at the temperature of more than 60 ℃, and almost no change exists, particularly, the thermal stability is still close to 80% at the temperature of 100 ℃, which shows that the glycosylation modification can obviously enhance the stability of the water-soluble selenoprotein in different temperature environments.
4. Selenium enrichment related efficacy evaluation experiment
After 40 SPF-grade ICR mice (each half of male and female, the weight is 18-22g) are selected and fed with basal feed adaptively for 1 week, 5 groups are divided into 5 groups according to the weight, namely a blank group, high, medium and low dose groups of the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan grafted product of the invention and a positive control group (namely the plant selenoprotein of the comparative example 1), 10 mice are fed in cages. The high, medium and low dose groups were gavaged with 100. mu.g/kg, 75. mu.g/kg and 50. mu.g/kg per day, the blank group was given distilled water of the same volume, the positive control group was given 80. mu.g/kg per day, each group was fed with basal diet, water was freely drunk, food intake was recorded per day, and body weight was weighed per week. After feeding for 4 weeks, the animals were transferred to a metabolism cage for 3d metabolism experiment, and feces were collected.
Uniformly mixing the feed and the sample, and sieving the mixture by a 20-mesh sieve; the stools were ashed at 500 ℃ for 24 hours in a muffle furnace, digested, measured for selenium content by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and the selenium absorption rate was calculated according to the following formula, the results of which are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 absorption Effect of selenium by mice
As can be seen from table 3 above, after the high, medium and low doses of the water-soluble selenoprotein-dextran graft product of the present invention were administered, the content of selenium in the mouse feces was slightly increased compared to the blank group, indicating that most of selenium was absorbed and utilized by the mouse, and only a small amount of selenium was not absorbed, wherein the effect of the low dose group was most significant. The reason why the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan grafted product can ensure the stability of the selenoprotein in different environments and make the selenoprotein not easy to decompose and lose efficacy is that the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan grafted product can obviously improve the absorptivity of the mice to selenium and exert the health care effect of trace selenium element, and the effect of a high-dose group is most obvious.
In conclusion, the invention mainly adopts various selenium-rich raw materials, firstly adopts a unique extraction process to process the various selenium-rich raw materials so as to obtain the water-soluble selenoprotein with high yield and good purity, and further adopts ultrasonic treatment and pulse electric field assisted wet heat treatment to the water-soluble selenoprotein to obtain the water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan grafted product with excellent stability.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the stability of water-soluble selenium-enriched protein is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing water-soluble selenium-enriched protein and a water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution with the mass fraction of 5-10%;
s2, adding glucan into the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein solution, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein to the glucan is 1:1, so as to obtain a reaction solution, and adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 7-9;
and S3, sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment and pulsed electric field treatment on the reaction liquid to obtain a water-soluble selenoprotein-glucan graft product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the step of preparing the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein comprises:
s11, drying and crushing the selenium-rich raw materials, and sieving the selenium-rich raw materials with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich raw material powder;
s12, stirring the mixture in a stirrer according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: (15-20) (g/ml) adding the selenium-rich raw material powder and distilled water, and extracting for 2-3h at 15-25 ℃ and at a stirring speed of 100-; filtering under reduced pressure after extraction to obtain a first selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and first filter residue;
s13, adding a Tris-HCl buffer solution with the weight 2-3 times that of the first filter residue into the first filter residue for homogenization to obtain a homogenate; adding the Tris-HCl buffer solution with the volume 15 times that of the homogenate, and leaching for 24 hours at the temperature of 15-25 ℃; centrifuging for 15-20min under the condition of 8000r/min of 5000-;
s14, adding disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the weight 2-3 times of that of the first precipitate into the first precipitate, and carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 10-15min at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ under the conditions of 300-500W; filtering under reduced pressure after ultrasonic extraction is finished to obtain a third selenium-enriched protein extracting solution and second filter residue;
s15, combining the first selenoprotein extracting solution, the second selenoprotein extracting solution and the third selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a crude selenoprotein extracting solution, and concentrating the crude selenoprotein extracting solution to obtain a selenoprotein concentrated solution;
s16, adding ammonium sulfate into the selenium-enriched protein concentrated solution until the saturation degree is 95%, standing for 10-12h at 4 ℃, centrifuging for 10-15min at 3000-;
s17, adding water into the second precipitate, adding the second precipitate into a dialysis bag after the second precipitate is completely dissolved, and dialyzing in distilled water for 18-24 hours; the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 3000-;
and S18, freeze-drying the dialyzed solution to obtain the water-soluble selenium-enriched protein.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the agitator is a magnetic agitator.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in step S15, the concentrating comprises: and (3) placing the crude extract of the selenium-enriched protein extracting solution into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under reduced pressure to 12-15% of the original volume at 50-55 ℃ under the condition of 0.12-0.15 MPa.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the sonication comprises: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an ultrasonic water bath, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at the water bath temperature of 55-65 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 200W for 20-30 min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the pulsed electric field processing comprises: and treating the reaction liquid by adopting a pulse electric field with the frequency of 1000Hz and 30kV, wherein the pulse treatment time is 1000-1500 mu s.
7. A product prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the product of claim 7 in the preparation of a beverage prepared by blending the product of claim 7 with fruit/vegetable juice concentrates.
9. Use of the product of claim 7 in the preparation of an oral liquid, wherein the oral liquid is prepared by blending the product of claim 7 with concentrated enzyme juice, isomaltooligosaccharide, inulin, resistant dextrin, mogroside.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the product according to claim 7 comprises, in parts by weight: concentrating the enzyme juice: isomaltooligosaccharide: inulin: resistant dextrin: mogroside 1: (8-10): (0.2-0.5): (0.2-0.3): (0.1-0.2): (0.01-0.02).
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