CN113951375A - Method for producing functional feed additive by using cold water fish viscera waste - Google Patents
Method for producing functional feed additive by using cold water fish viscera waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951375A CN113951375A CN202111392878.0A CN202111392878A CN113951375A CN 113951375 A CN113951375 A CN 113951375A CN 202111392878 A CN202111392878 A CN 202111392878A CN 113951375 A CN113951375 A CN 113951375A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- viscera
- cold water
- water fish
- fish
- parts
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dibutyl-6-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1CCCC SPSPIUSUWPLVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additive production, in particular to a method for producing a functional feed additive by using waste cold water fish viscera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additive production, in particular to a method for producing a functional feed additive by utilizing internal organ waste of cold water fish.
Background
Compared with bulk fresh water fish, the cold water fish has higher nutritive value and tender meat quality, so that the cold water fish has wide market prospect. The viscera of cold water fish comprises: the total weight of the parts of the heart, the liver, the intestines, the stomach, the swim bladder, the gallbladder and the like accounts for 1/4-1/3 of the whole fish, but the edible value of the fish is not as high as that of fish, and the fish is mostly used as waste, thereby causing resource waste and environmental pollution. With the annual expansion of the culture scale of cold water fish, how to effectively utilize viscera wastes of slaughtered and divided cold water fish becomes the most concerned problem.
Compared with the common fishes, the cold water fish culture period is generally longer, for example, the culture period of the Russian sturgeon is as long as 7 years from the culture of the Russian sturgeon to the production of caviar, so that the organ tissues of the cold water fish are extremely rich in nutrient contents, and the cold water fish is rich in various essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, trace elements and the like and can be used as a potential functional additive in poultry feed. The internal organ waste of the cold water fish obtained by cutting is easy to decay and deteriorate if the internal organ waste is not treated in time, and the value of further development is lost.
In the prior art, a chinese patent document with an authorization publication number of CN102349594B and an authorization publication date of 2013, month 01 and 23 is proposed to solve the above technical problems, and the technical scheme disclosed in the patent document is as follows: a comprehensive utilization method of fish viscera comprises cleaning and mincing fish viscera, hydrolyzing with acidic protease, fermenting with lactobacillus and yeast, extracting fish oil, and making into functional polypeptide feed additive and fish viscera protein feed.
In the actual use process, the following problems can occur in the technical scheme:
(1) the raw materials of the comparison document are viscera of common grass carps, the proposal utilizes the action of microorganisms to decompose fish viscera enzymatic hydrolysate to generate functional peptide feed, and various types of hydrolysate are produced by random reaction, and the hydrolysate is unstable and cannot utilize the characteristic of sufficient essential amino acid in the viscera of cold water fish.
(2) The scheme is not subjected to fermentation regulation and control treatment, fermentation products are randomly generated, and functional fermentation products cannot be effectively enriched.
(3) In the comparison document, the main functional component in the powder product produced by spray drying is mostly active peptide, and lactobacillus cells without certain activity are available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for producing a functional feed additive by using cold water fish viscera waste, which is used for producing the feed additive rich in various functional components by using the cold water fish viscera waste as a lactobacillus fermentation substrate after being rapidly treated, can effectively solve the problems of unstable products and insufficient utilization of necessary amino acid, and produces lactobacillus cells with certain activity.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for producing a functional feed additive by using cold water fish viscera waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. pulping the viscera of the cold water fish;
b. adding 0.1-0.3% w/w trypsin and 0.02-0.03% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, performing enzymolysis for 5-6 hours at 30-35 ℃, and performing fine filtration to obtain an enzymolysis fine filtration solution;
c. preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
enzymolysis and fine filtration: 400-500 parts, distilled water: 500-600 parts of glucose: 15-20 parts of yeast extract: 2-3 parts of sodium acetate: 3-4 parts of ammonium citrate: 2-3 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate: 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate: 0.2-0.3 parts of manganese sulfate: 0.04-0.06 parts of dibutyl hydroxy toluene: 0.1-0.2 parts;
d. after the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing for 25-30 minutes at the temperature of 110-115 ℃ and the pressure of 0.05-0.07 Mpa, taking out, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
e. activating the lactobacillus strains, transferring the activated lactobacillus strains into an MRS liquid culture medium, performing enrichment culture for 24-36 hours, adding the liquid culture medium subjected to proliferation into the fish viscera liquid culture medium obtained in the step d according to the volume ratio of 1: 18-1: 25, and performing anaerobic culture for 10-14 hours;
f. adding 10% of strong brine according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 10 to enable the final concentration of sodium chloride to reach 1% -2%, and keeping the concentration at 25-30 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain fermentation liquor;
g. coarsely filtering the fermentation liquor, and then respectively mixing maltodextrin with the polymerization degree of 18-20, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 15. 1: 10-1: 15. 1: 30-1: 40 and 1: 500-1: adding the raw materials in a weight ratio of 800, uniformly mixing, and performing spray drying treatment to obtain powder;
h. and g, mixing the powder obtained in the step g with anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 5: 1-10: 1, controlling the water content of the mixed powder to be below 5%, and finally carrying out vacuum packaging.
The step a specifically comprises the following steps: cleaning and draining the viscera of the cold water fish, adding 0.3-0.5 times of distilled water and 0.2-0.3 times of crushed ice by weight, and pulping.
The cleaning in the step a specifically comprises the following steps: rinsing the fabric in clear water for 2-3 times according to the proportion of 1:8 w/w-1: 10w/w, wherein the clear water contains 0.3-0.5 per mill of sodium isoascorbate.
Before the step a, the method also comprises the following steps: slaughtering and cutting, quickly taking out the viscera of the cold water fish, and freezing and storing at the temperature of-18 to-25 ℃ for later use; the frozen cold water fish viscera are naturally thawed under the refrigeration condition, namely at the temperature of 3-5 ℃, and are cleaned after being completely thawed.
The fine filtration in the step b specifically refers to: and (3) carrying out rough filtration for 2-3 times by using gauze, collecting rough-filtered filtrate, and carrying out fine filtration by using a drum-type micro-filter to obtain enzymolysis fine-filtered solution.
The lactobacillus strain comprises lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus brevis and lactobacillus casei.
The cold water fish comprises snakehead, sturgeon, salmon and trout.
The spray drying treatment in the step g specifically comprises the following steps: the high-speed centrifugal spray drier is used for processing, the air inlet amount is controlled to be 30-40 liters/hour, the material inlet amount is controlled to be 20-30 milliliters/minute, the air inlet temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-90 ℃.
And g, after the powder is obtained in the step g, cooling the powder to room temperature in a sealed metal box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method takes the common cold water fish viscera in the market as a development object, combines the characteristics of good protein and amino acid resources of the tissue organs of the cold water fish, takes the cold water fish viscera after enzymolysis as a substrate of target lactic acid bacteria, and converts the substrate into active ingredients with bacteriostatic function and antioxidant function by adjusting fermentation process parameters (temperature, salt content, culture medium components and the like), such as: bacteriocin, antioxidant peptide and the like, compared with a comparison document, the invention has stronger purposiveness and definite product, and the comparison document only depends on the random reaction of microorganisms to produce various types of hydrolysis products.
The average value is obtained through multiple tests, and finally the content of crude protein in the feed additive reaches 30.5 percent; DPPH fromThe radical scavenging capacity reaches 16.9 percent; acid-resistant pichia pastoris is used as an indicator bacterium, the bacteriostatic ability of fungi is 16.5 mm, and the viable count of lactobacillus in the product reaches 107～109CFU/g。
2. The main functional components in the powder products produced by spray drying of the comparison documents are mostly active peptides, while the lactobacillus fermentation process of the invention also realizes the proliferation of target lactobacillus, and improves the activity of the lactobacillus in the spray drying and storage periods by adding protective agents (trehalose, lactalbumin, maltodextrin and the like) to prevent the lactobacillus from dying greatly. Therefore, the final product of the invention contains the lactic acid bacteria cells with certain activity besides various functional metabolic products.
3. Compared with the internal organs of common grass carps, the raw materials of the comparison documents aim at the internal organs of the common grass carps, the internal organs of the cold water fish aim at the internal organs of the cold water fish, the cold water fish has a longer culture period and more abundant necessary amino acids compared with the common grass carps, such as: lysine is more favorable as a substrate of the target lactic acid bacterium, and thus is more favorable for conversion into a functional peptide by the lactic acid bacterium.
4. In the invention, four feeding-safe lactobacillus strains are preferably selected, and at the final stage of fermentation, a specific stress environment is created for the lactobacillus by adding a certain concentration of salt and adjusting the temperature, so that the lactobacillus cells in the stationary stage effectively convert substrates into specific bioactive components. The components such as organic acid, bacteriocin and the like generated by the lactobacillus in the fermentation can be called as natural bacteriostatic components to replace or partially replace antibiotics, and besides, the product is also rich in various functional components in fish viscera and in the fermentation process, such as: active peptide, vitamin, mineral substance, essential fatty acid, etc. to achieve the purpose of healthy cultivation of poultry.
5. The invention uses the zymolyte of the viscera of the cold water fish as a nutrient substance for the growth of the lactic acid bacteria, replaces or partially replaces expensive industrialized culture medium ingredients, and reduces the production cost.
6. Through the antioxidation of the dibutylhydroxytoluene and the quick acid production effect of the anaerobic fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria, the oxidation and rancidity of fat components in the internal organs of the fish are avoided, and the problem that the subsequent production is influenced by the traditional acidification method is solved.
7. In the invention, distilled water and crushed ice are added in the pulping process, the addition amount is specially set according to the characteristics of the viscera of the cold water fish, and the addition of the crushed ice can also offset the heat generated in the pulping process, thereby avoiding the high-temperature inactivation of active substances in the pulp.
8. According to the invention, the formula of the fish viscera liquid culture medium is a lactobacillus culture formula obtained by optimizing an enzymolysis refined liquid serving as a main nitrogen source, and dibutyl hydroxy toluene and monostearin are added, wherein the dibutyl hydroxy toluene has the function of antioxidation, active substances such as functional lipid of the enzymolysis refined liquid are prevented from being oxidized and inactivated, and the monostearin has the function of emulsification, so that the whole liquid culture medium system is more stable and is not easy to delaminate or precipitate.
9. In the invention, the dried powder is mixed with the anhydrous glucose powder to achieve the purpose of conditioning, so that the moisture content of the lactobacillus powder is reduced by the high-humidity lactobacillus powder and the low-humidity anhydrous glucose powder, and the purpose of effectively storing the lactobacillus is achieved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As a basic embodiment of the present invention, the present invention includes a method for producing a functional feed additive using cold water fish viscera waste, comprising the steps of:
a. pulping viscera of cold water fish, wherein the cold water fish is specifically snakehead.
b. Adding 0.1% w/w trypsin and 0.02% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, performing enzymolysis at 30 deg.C for 5 hr, and fine filtering to obtain enzymolysis fine filtrate.
c. Preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
400 parts of enzymolysis refined filtrate, 500 parts of distilled water, 15 parts of glucose, 2 parts of yeast extract, 3 parts of sodium acetate, 2 parts of ammonium citrate, 2 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.04 part of manganese sulfate and 0.1 part of dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
d. After the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing at 110 deg.C and 0.05Mpa for 25 min, taking out, and cooling to room temperature.
e. And (d) activating the lactobacillus strains, transferring the activated lactobacillus strains into an MRS liquid culture medium, performing enrichment culture for 24 hours, adding the liquid culture medium subjected to proliferation into the fish viscera liquid culture medium obtained in the step (d) according to the volume ratio of 1:18, and performing anaerobic culture for 10-14 hours at 37 ℃.
f. Adding 10% concentrated saline water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to ensure that the final concentration of sodium chloride reaches 1%, and keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain fermentation liquor.
g. Coarsely filtering the fermentation liquor, and respectively mixing maltodextrin with polymerization degree of 18, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the ratio of 1: 10. 1: 10. 1: 30 and 1: 500, and after uniformly mixing, carrying out spray drying treatment to obtain powder.
h. And g, mixing the powder obtained in the step g with anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 5:1, controlling the moisture content of the mixed powder to be below 5%, and finally carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 2
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention includes a method for producing a functional feed additive using cold water fish viscera waste, comprising the steps of:
a. pulping the viscera of the cold water fish, which comprises the following steps: cleaning sturgeon viscera, draining, adding 0.3 weight times of distilled water and 0.2 weight times of crushed ice, and pulping. Wherein, washing specifically means: rinsing the fabric in clear water for 2-3 times according to the proportion of 1:8w/w, wherein the clear water contains 0.3 per thousand of sodium isoascorbate.
b. Adding 0.3% w/w trypsin and 0.03% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, performing enzymolysis for 6 hours at 35 ℃, coarsely filtering for 2-3 times by using gauze, collecting coarsely filtered filtrate, and performing fine filtration by using a rotary drum type micro-filter to obtain enzymolysis fine-filtered solution.
c. Preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
500 parts of enzymolysis refined filtrate, 600 parts of distilled water, 20 parts of glucose, 3 parts of yeast extract, 4 parts of sodium acetate, 3 parts of ammonium citrate, 3 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.06 part of manganese sulfate and 0.2 part of dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
d. After the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing at 115 deg.C and 0.07 Mpa for 30 min, taking out, and cooling to room temperature.
e. And (d) activating the lactobacillus strains, transferring the activated lactobacillus strains into an MRS liquid culture medium, performing proliferation culture for 36 hours, adding the liquid culture medium after proliferation into the fish viscera liquid culture medium in the step (d) according to the volume ratio of 1:25, and performing anaerobic culture for 14 hours.
f. Adding 10% concentrated saline water according to the weight ratio of 1:10 to ensure that the final concentration of sodium chloride reaches 2%, and keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain fermentation liquor.
g. Coarsely filtering the fermentation liquor, and respectively mixing maltodextrin with the polymerization degree of 20, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the ratio of 1: 15. 1: 15. 1: 40 and 1: adding the raw materials in the weight ratio of 800, uniformly mixing, and performing spray drying treatment to obtain powder.
h. And g, mixing the powder obtained in the step g with anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 10:1, controlling the moisture content of the mixed powder to be below 5%, and finally carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 3
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention includes a method for producing a functional feed additive using cold water fish viscera waste, comprising the steps of:
a. pulping salmon viscera.
b. Adding 0.2% w/w trypsin and 0.02% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, performing enzymolysis at 32 deg.C for 5.5 hr, and fine filtering to obtain enzymolysis fine filtrate.
c. Preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
450 parts of enzymolysis refined filtrate, 520 parts of distilled water, 16 parts of glucose, 3 parts of yeast extract, 3.5 parts of sodium acetate, 2 parts of ammonium citrate, 3 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 0.23 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 part of manganese sulfate and 0.15 part of dibutyl hydroxy toluene.
d. After the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing at 113 deg.C and 0.06 Mpa for 28 min, taking out, and cooling to room temperature.
e. And d, activating the lactobacillus strains, transferring the activated lactobacillus strains into an MRS liquid culture medium, performing enrichment culture for 24-36 hours, adding the liquid culture medium subjected to the enrichment culture into the fish viscera liquid culture medium obtained in the step d according to the volume ratio of 1:20, and performing anaerobic culture for 12 hours.
f. Adding 10% concentrated saline water according to the weight ratio of 1:6 to ensure that the final concentration of sodium chloride reaches 1%, and keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 1.2 hours to obtain fermentation liquor.
g. Coarsely filtering the fermentation liquor, and respectively mixing maltodextrin with the polymerization degree of 19, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the ratio of 1: 11. 1: 13. 1: 35 and 1: 600, uniformly mixing, performing spray drying treatment to obtain powder, and cooling the powder to room temperature in a closed metal box. Wherein, the spray drying treatment specifically refers to: the high-speed centrifugal spray drier is used for processing, the air inlet amount is controlled to be 30-40 liters/hour, the material inlet amount is controlled to be 20-30 milliliters/minute, the air inlet temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-90 ℃.
h. And g, mixing the powder obtained in the step g with anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 6:1, controlling the moisture content of the mixed powder to be below 5%, and finally carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 4
As a best mode for carrying out the invention, referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, the invention comprises a method for producing a functional feed additive by using internal organ wastes of cold water fish, comprising the following steps:
a. pulping viscera of cold water fish, wherein the cold water fish is specifically salmon and trout.
The cold water fish is slaughtered and cut, then the viscera of the cold water fish are quickly taken out, and the cold water fish is frozen and stored at the temperature of-18 to-25 ℃ for later use. The temporary storage is carried out by freezing to ensure that the active ingredients in the product are not lost. Naturally thawing frozen cold water fish viscera under a refrigeration condition, namely at the temperature of 3-5 ℃, rinsing for 2-3 times in clear water according to the proportion of 1:10w/w after complete thawing, cleaning, and draining after cleaning. The clear water contains 0.5 per mill of sodium isotretinoin, and the addition of sodium isotretinoin antioxidant can prevent the active substances from being oxidized and inactivated in the cleaning process.
The cleaned internal organs of the cold water fish are pre-cut into meat particles with the size of about 3 multiplied by 3 cm by a knife, the meat particles are placed in a meat pulp machine, 0.4 time of distilled water and 0.25 time of crushed ice are added, and the mixture is pulped for 20 to 30 minutes at 300 to 500 revolutions per minute. Wherein the meat pulp machine can be selected from DJ-100 model of Tokyo mechanical science and technology Limited in the city. In the beating process, a rotor in the beating machine rotates at a high speed, heat is generated by friction, broken ice is added to offset the heat generated in the beating process, high-temperature inactivation of active substances in slurry is avoided, and the addition amounts of the broken ice and water have great correlation with the characteristics of the viscera of the cold water fish.
b. Adding 0.2% w/w trypsin and 0.025% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, carrying out enzymolysis for 5-6 hours at 30-35 ℃, carrying out rough filtration for 2-3 times by using gauze, collecting rough filtration filtrate, and carrying out fine filtration by using a rotary drum type micro-filter to obtain enzymolysis fine filtration. Among them, trypsin can be selected from industrial grade of biological technology limited of hong Kong Shengxia. The rotary drum type microfilter may be of the type tzwl from Shandong Tang Zheng environmental engineering, Inc.
c. Preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
450 parts of enzymolysis refined filtrate, 550 parts of distilled water, 18 parts of glucose, 2.5 parts of yeast extract, 3.5 parts of sodium acetate, 2.5 parts of ammonium citrate, 2.5 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, 0.25 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 part of manganese sulfate and 0.15 part of butylated hydroxytoluene. The formula is a lactobacillus culture formula obtained by optimizing enzymolysis refined liquid serving as a main nitrogen source, and dibutyl hydroxy toluene and monostearin are added, wherein the function of the dibutyl hydroxy toluene is antioxidant, active substances such as functional lipid of the enzymolysis refined liquid are prevented from being oxidized and inactivated, and the function of the monostearin is emulsified, so that the whole liquid culture medium system is more stable and is not easy to delaminate or precipitate.
d. And after the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the pressure of 0.07 Mpa for 25-30 minutes, taking out, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
e. Selecting lactobacillus strains, wherein the lactobacillus strains comprise four strains, namely lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus brevis and lactobacillus casei. The four lactobacillus strains are activated and then transferred into an MRS liquid culture medium, and are subjected to enrichment culture at 37 ℃ for 24-36 hours, so that the cell concentration of the lactobacillus is increased, and more active ingredients are generated. And finally, adding the liquid culture medium after proliferation into the fish viscera liquid culture medium obtained in the step d according to the volume ratio of 1:20, and carrying out anaerobic culture at 37 ℃ for 10-14 hours.
f. Adding 10% of concentrated saline water according to the weight ratio of 1:8 to enable the final concentration of sodium chloride to reach 1.5%, and keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain fermentation liquor.
g. After the fermentation liquor is coarsely filtered by gauze, respectively mixing maltodextrin with the polymerization degree of 18-20, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the ratio of 1: 15. 1: 10. 1: 40 and 1: 700, and after being uniformly mixed, carrying out spray drying treatment, namely treating by using a high-speed centrifugal spray dryer, controlling the air inlet amount to be 30-40L/h, the material inlet amount to be 20-30 mL/min, the air inlet temperature to be 140-160 ℃, and the air outlet temperature to be 80-90 ℃, obtaining light yellow powder, and then cooling to room temperature in a sealed metal box to avoid moisture absorption. The high-speed centrifugal spray dryer can be DFR type of large peak spray drying equipment of Wuxi city.
h. Because the moisture content of the lactobacillus powder which is just sprayed and dried is generally higher than 8%, and the lower the moisture content of the lactobacillus powder which is effectively stored is, the better the moisture content of the lactobacillus powder is, the powder obtained in the step g is mixed with the anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 8:1, the moisture content of the lactobacillus powder is reduced, the moisture content of the mixed powder is controlled to be lower than 5%, the aim of effectively storing the lactobacillus is achieved, and finally the powder is vacuum-packaged in an aluminum foil bag.
Through a plurality of tests, the final functional feed additive is detected, and the obtained key indexes are as follows:
(1) the content of crude protein reaches 30.5 percent,
(2) the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity reaches 16.9 percent,
(3) the bacteriostatic ability of the fungus, the bacteriostatic circle is 16.5 mm (acid-resistant pichia pastoris is taken as an indicator),
(4) the viable count of the lactobacillus reaches 107 to 109 CFU/g.
In summary, after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art should make various other modifications without creative efforts according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present disclosure, which are within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing a functional feed additive by using cold water fish viscera waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. pulping the viscera of the cold water fish;
b. adding 0.1-0.3% w/w trypsin and 0.02-0.03% w/w dibutylhydroxytoluene, performing enzymolysis for 5-6 hours at 30-35 ℃, and performing fine filtration to obtain an enzymolysis fine filtration solution;
c. preparing a fish viscera liquid culture medium, wherein the formula is as follows:
enzymolysis and fine filtration: 400-500 parts, distilled water: 500-600 parts of glucose: 15-20 parts of yeast extract: 2-3 parts of sodium acetate: 3-4 parts of ammonium citrate: 2-3 parts of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate: 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate: 0.2-0.3 parts of manganese sulfate: 0.04-0.06 parts of dibutyl hydroxy toluene: 0.1-0.2 parts;
d. after the fish viscera liquid culture medium is completely dissolved, sterilizing for 25-30 minutes at the temperature of 110-115 ℃ and the pressure of 0.05-0.07 Mpa, taking out, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
e. activating the lactobacillus strains, transferring the activated lactobacillus strains into an MRS liquid culture medium, performing enrichment culture for 24-36 hours, adding the liquid culture medium subjected to proliferation into the fish viscera liquid culture medium obtained in the step d according to the volume ratio of 1: 18-1: 25, and performing anaerobic culture for 10-14 hours;
f. adding 10% of strong brine according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 10 to enable the final concentration of sodium chloride to reach 1% -2%, and keeping the concentration at 25-30 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain fermentation liquor;
g. coarsely filtering the fermentation liquor, and then respectively mixing maltodextrin with the polymerization degree of 18-20, lactalbumin, trehalose and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 15. 1: 10-1: 15. 1: 30-1: 40 and 1: 500-1: adding the raw materials in a weight ratio of 800, uniformly mixing, and performing spray drying treatment to obtain powder;
h. and g, mixing the powder obtained in the step g with anhydrous glucose powder according to the weight ratio of 5: 1-10: 1, controlling the water content of the mixed powder to be below 5%, and finally carrying out vacuum packaging.
2. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step a specifically comprises the following steps: cleaning and draining the viscera of the cold water fish, adding 0.3-0.5 times of distilled water and 0.2-0.3 times of crushed ice by weight, and pulping.
3. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cleaning in the step a specifically comprises the following steps: rinsing the fabric in clear water for 2-3 times according to the proportion of 1:8 w/w-1: 10w/w, wherein the clear water contains 0.3-0.5 per mill of sodium isoascorbate.
4. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the step a, the method also comprises the following steps: slaughtering and cutting, quickly taking out the viscera of the cold water fish, and freezing and storing at the temperature of-18 to-25 ℃ for later use; the frozen cold water fish viscera are naturally thawed under the refrigeration condition, namely at the temperature of 3-5 ℃, and are cleaned after being completely thawed.
5. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fine filtration in the step b specifically refers to: and (3) carrying out rough filtration for 2-3 times by using gauze, collecting rough-filtered filtrate, and carrying out fine filtration by using a drum-type micro-filter to obtain enzymolysis fine-filtered solution.
6. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lactobacillus strain comprises lactobacillus lactis, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus brevis and lactobacillus casei.
7. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cold water fish comprises snakehead, sturgeon, salmon and trout.
8. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spray drying treatment in the step g specifically comprises the following steps: the high-speed centrifugal spray drier is used for processing, the air inlet amount is controlled to be 30-40 liters/hour, the material inlet amount is controlled to be 20-30 milliliters/minute, the air inlet temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-90 ℃.
9. The method for producing a functional feed additive using the waste of the viscera of the cold water fish as claimed in claim 8, wherein: and g, after the powder is obtained in the step g, cooling the powder to room temperature in a sealed metal box.
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| CN101433345A (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-05-20 | 江南大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of abodominal organs of grass carp |
| CN102349594A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-02-15 | 湘潭大学 | Method for carrying out comprehensive utilization on fish guts |
| CN108504588A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-07 | 青岛九和宜生生物科技有限公司 | A kind of compound micro-ecological preparation and its preparation method and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101433345A (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-05-20 | 江南大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of abodominal organs of grass carp |
| CN102349594A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-02-15 | 湘潭大学 | Method for carrying out comprehensive utilization on fish guts |
| CN108504588A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-07 | 青岛九和宜生生物科技有限公司 | A kind of compound micro-ecological preparation and its preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20220121 |