CN113949949A - Optical waveguide route switching design method based on steering design - Google Patents
Optical waveguide route switching design method based on steering design Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013041 optical simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
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- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an optical waveguide route exchange design method based on a turning design, wherein N optical paths are defined as a group, the same group of optical paths perform intra-group route exchange through 0-90-degree turning, and all the optical paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching. The invention can realize the routing exchange among different waveguide channels in the same group of optical channels, and can realize different optical wiring distribution by controlling the turning position of the optical channel according to different routing relations, thereby meeting different requirements. Before and after the light path turns, all the light paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching, and the method is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process and has great feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguides, in particular to an optical waveguide route switching design method based on a steering design.
Background
Current research on optical waveguide routing switching focuses mainly on wiring design among multiple optical path groups, and compared with the optical path switching research inside an optical path group of a fiber-optic flexible board, the research is less, and as shown in fig. 1, the typical characteristics of the research on waveguide routing switching by a resident are shown. Foreign technologies regarding optical waveguide routing switching are mainly distributed to routing switching between different ports, such as optical paths of the same port on the left side are adjusted to different output ports on the right side in fig. 1 (a); fig. 1(b) outputs the left-end optical path at different ports of the right-end output end after optical splitting and routing adjustment; fig. 1(c) is a diagram in which the optical paths of the left end 3 ports are adjusted by the optical paths and then output from the right end 3 ports to implement route switching.
As can be clearly seen from fig. 1, when the optical paths perform route switching, the relative positional relationship of the optical paths from top to bottom does not change, and the relationship from top to bottom is maintained, for example, in fig. 1(c), when the third group of optical paths on the left side is adjusted to the first and second groups on the right side, and when the 3 optical paths on the third group of optical paths are adjusted to the first group of ports on the right side output end, the relative positions of the three optical paths from top to bottom do not change; when the three optical waveguides in the middle of the left third group of optical path are adjusted to the right second group, the relative positions of the three optical waveguides are not changed.
Data research finds that routing exchange does not relate to the inside of different ports, and optical routing exchange functions inside the same group of optical paths can be realized through optical fiber space crossing in an optical fiber flexible plate shown in fig. 2.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical waveguide route exchange design method based on a turning design, which can realize route exchange among different waveguide optical paths in the same group, and can realize different optical wiring distribution by controlling the turning positions of the optical paths according to different routing relations so as to meet different requirements. After the light paths are turned forwards and backwards, all the light paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching, and the method is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process and has great feasibility.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme, according to the optical waveguide route switching design method based on the turning design, N optical paths are defined into a group, the same group of optical paths realize the route switching in the group through 0-90-degree turning, and all the optical paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching.
Further, the same group of optical paths perform intra-group routing switching through 45-degree turning or 90-degree turning; when different routing relations exist, different optical wiring distribution is realized by controlling the turning position of the optical path.
Furthermore, each optical path in the same group carries out route switching through 90-degree turning at the optical waveguide turning position, a 45-degree reflecting surface is designed at the 90-degree turning position, and all the optical paths in the same group are parallel before route switching and after route switching.
Furthermore, each optical path in the same group is 90 DEG turned and then is 90 DEG crossed with the rest (N-1) optical paths.
Furthermore, after the light splitting passage turns 90 degrees, the light splitting passage does not intersect with other light passages according to the turning position, and after the other light passages turn 90 degrees, the light splitting passage randomly intersects with one or more other light passages according to the turning position.
Furthermore, the waveguide optical paths in the same group perform optical path input and output position conversion at the optical waveguide straight line transmission position through two 45-degree turns, so that routing exchange is realized, and all the optical paths in the same group are parallel before and after the routing exchange; and when the optical path carries out route switching, the optical path randomly crosses with one or more other optical paths at 45 degrees or 90 degrees according to the difference of the first 45-degree turning positions.
Furthermore, each optical path in the same group carries out optical path input and output position conversion at a straight line transmission position through two 45-degree turns to realize route switching.
Further, the light splitting passages in the same group perform light path input and output position conversion at a straight line transmission position through two 45-degree turns to realize route switching.
Furthermore, the photoetching material sequentially comprises a substrate, a lower cladding, an optical waveguide core layer and an upper cladding from bottom to top; the optical waveguide core layer adopts a refractive index n1The lower cladding and the upper cladding both adopt the refractive index n2And n is a waveguide glue, and1＞n2an optical waveguide core layer having a desired optical waveguide shape made by photolithography according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
The invention also provides an optical waveguide route exchange product, which comprises an optical waveguide core layer, wherein the optical waveguide core layer is photoetched to form a required optical waveguide shape by adopting the method.
The invention also provides an optical waveguide routing coupling cascade structure product, which comprises an optical waveguide core layer, wherein the optical waveguide core layer is photoetched to form a required optical waveguide shape by adopting the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can realize the high-efficiency steering of the optical path by performing 90-degree turning at the optical waveguide turning position and designing the turning angle of the 45-degree reflecting surface at the turning position, the corresponding relation of the optical path is changed after the turning, and the routing exchange among different waveguide optical paths in the group is realized. The invention can also perform 45-degree steering at the optical waveguide linear transmission position to realize the route exchange of the optical waveguide linear transmission position in the group. Meanwhile, the invention can realize different waveguide optical path wiring by controlling the turning position of the optical path according to different routing relations so as to meet different requirements. After the optical paths are turned forwards and backwards, all the optical paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching, the method is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process and has great feasibility, and the optical waveguides are crossed in the same layer when crossed, so that the optical waveguide plate can be thinner to a certain extent. Simulation experiments show that when optical signals are transmitted in the waveguide, energy loss hardly exists when the optical signals pass through 45-degree intersection and 90-degree intersection, and the energy loss can be ignored, so that the optical waveguide fiber is feasible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is three examples of existing optotypes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional optical fiber flexible board in which optical fiber space crosses to complete routing switching;
FIG. 3 is a prior art U-shaped optical waveguide routing schematic;
FIG. 4 is an example 1 of the present invention employing a quarter turn and adding a 45 reflective surface at the optical waveguide turning location;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is an example 1 of the present invention for routing switching using a 45 ° turn at the optical waveguide straight transmission position;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an example 2 of the present invention employing a quarter turn and adding a 45 reflective surface at the optical waveguide turning location;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is an example 2 of the present invention for routing switching using a 45 ° turn at the optical waveguide straight transmission position;
FIG. 12 is an energy simulation analysis diagram of a 1 90-degree intersection structure;
FIG. 13 is an energy simulation analysis diagram of 2 90-degree crossing structures;
FIG. 14 is an energy simulation analysis diagram of a 1 45 ° cross structure;
FIG. 15 is an energy simulation analysis diagram of 2 45-degree crossing structures;
fig. 16 is a graph of 2 90 ° crossings and 2 45 ° crossings energy simulation analysis.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure.
1-substrate, 2-optical waveguide core layer and 3-optical waveguide cladding layer.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the contents of the invention, reference will now be made to the following examples and accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention. The present embodiment is implemented based on the technology of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and operation steps are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the wiring and naming of optical paths in the industry, most of the optical paths are grouped into 12 channels, and have compatibility with standard MT optical patch cords, and the following describes an optical waveguide routing switching model based on the turn-around design in the form of grouped 12 optical paths, but the solution of the present invention is not limited to the grouped 12 optical paths.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of routing of an optical waveguide in a conventional U-shaped channel, where an optical path is in a central symmetry state and can only be processed externally when routing conversion is required. Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing routing switching as shown in fig. 4, where a quarter turn is adopted at a turning position of an optical waveguide, and a 45 ° reflection surface is designed at the quarter turn position to realize efficient turning of an optical path, and all the optical paths are completed in the same plane by one-step lithography, which is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process.
In fig. 4, a right-angle turn is adopted at the circular turning position of each U-shaped optical path, and a turning angle of a 45-degree reflection surface is designed at each right-angle turn to change the optical path direction, so that the path corresponding relation of the optical paths is changed from central symmetry to left-right consistency, the U-shaped optical path in fig. 3 adopts a circular turn to realize the U-shaped wiring of the waveguide optical path, and the corresponding relation of the channel inlet and outlet ports is 1 to 12, 2 to 11, 3-10 … … 11 to 2, and 12 to 1. With the optical waveguide routing conversion of fig. 4 of the present invention, the channel mapping relationship is 1 to 1, 2 to 2, 3 to 3 … … 11 to 11, 12 to 12 (the optical path nomenclature is generally the nomenclature of extending from one direction).
The scheme of fig. 4 is suitable for route switching at the optical waveguide turning position, and does not meet the requirement of route switching at the optical waveguide straight line transmission position. Fig. 7 is a model illustration of the routing switching of optical waveguides at straight transmission locations. The direction of the light path is changed by adding 45-degree turning at the straight line transmission position, then the light path sequentially crosses and penetrates through other 11 optical waveguides, and finally the routing conversion is completed by performing 45-degree turning again. Compared with the scheme in fig. 4, the scheme can realize optical waveguide routing switching by performing optical path input/output position conversion at a linear transmission position, and the optical transmission loss introduced by the scheme is smaller by combining an optical simulation condition.
The two schemes shown in fig. 4 and fig. 7 are significant for optical access switching in the same optical waveguide group, and have the advantages that the photoetching preparation process is compatible with the existing mask photoetching method, the maturity is high, the routing switching relationship is flexible, and the expansibility of different routing switching requirements can be realized.
For the requirement corresponding to the random optical route switching, the random optical route switching can still be realized by the scheme provided by the present invention, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of optical waveguide wiring for performing random route switching at a turning position of an optical access, and fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a model for performing random route switching at a linear transmission position of an optical access. It can be seen from the schematic diagram corresponding to the random routing relationship that when there are different routing relationships, different optical wiring distributions can be realized by controlling the turning positions of the optical paths, so as to meet different requirements.
The simulation results show that the energy in the waveguide trunk is changed from small to large when the waveguide crossing angle is in the range of 0-90 degrees, and the energy in the waveguide trunk is not influenced by the crossing angle any more when the waveguide crossing angle is larger than a certain threshold value. The model shown in fig. 4 includes 90 ° crossing and 45 ° optical turning of the optical link, and simulation results of different simulation software show that the influence of the 90 ° crossing and 45 ° turning of the optical path on the optical performance of the product is small and can be ignored. Simulation results further show that when an optical signal propagates in the waveguide, energy loss hardly exists when the optical signal passes through 45-degree intersection and 90-degree intersection, and the energy loss can be ignored, so that the method has feasibility.
It can be known from the above specific embodiments that the optical waveguide routing switching design method based on the turn-around design provided by the present invention mainly performs the group routing switching in the same group of optical paths through 0-90 ° turn, and all the optical paths can be completed in the same plane by one-time lithography, which is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process.
In the embodiments shown in fig. 4 and 9, each optical path in the same group is subjected to route switching through a 90 ° turn at the optical waveguide turning position, and a 45 ° corner of the reflecting surface is designed at the 90 ° turn to realize efficient turning of the optical path, and all the optical paths in the same group are parallel before and after route switching. FIG. 4 shows that each optical via in the same group crosses 90 degrees with the remaining 11 optical vias after a 90 degree turn (if there are N optical vias in a group, each optical via crosses 90 degrees with the remaining (N-1) optical vias after a 90 degree turn). In the embodiment shown in fig. 9, after a part of the optical paths in the same group are turned by 90 °, the optical paths do not intersect with other optical paths according to the turning positions, and after the other optical paths are turned by 90 °, the optical paths randomly intersect with one or more other optical paths by 90 ° according to the turning positions.
In the embodiments shown in fig. 7 and 11, the optical paths in the same group are subjected to optical path input/output position conversion through two 45 ° turns at the linear transmission position to realize route switching, and all the optical paths in the same group are parallel before and after route switching; and the optical path randomly crosses with one or more other optical paths at 45 degrees or 90 degrees after the first turn according to the difference of the first turn positions of 45 degrees when carrying out route switching. Fig. 7 shows that each optical path in the same group performs optical path input/output position conversion through two 45-degree turns at a straight line transmission position to realize route switching. Fig. 11 shows that the optical paths of the same internal optical splitting path are changed in input and output positions by two 45-degree turns at the straight transmission position to realize route switching, and the rest of the optical paths are not turned. After the first 45-degree turn of the optical path, the optical path is crossed with other optical paths according to the different turning positions, the optical path is crossed with the other optical paths at 45 degrees without turning positions, and is crossed with other optical paths at 90 degrees after the first 45-degree turn of the other optical paths, and when each optical path is crossed with other optical paths after the first 45-degree turn, the optical path is only crossed with any other optical path once. And the intersections of all the optical paths of the present invention are intersected in the same layer, rather than spatially as shown in fig. 2, so the technical solution of the present invention can make the photolithography board thinner to some extent.
The invention can finish all optical paths in the same plane by one-time photoetching and is compatible with the existing waveguide preparation process. The photoetching material sequentially comprises a substrate 1, an optical waveguide core layer 2 and an optical waveguide cladding layer 3 from bottom to top, wherein the optical waveguide cladding layer comprises a lower cladding layer and an upper cladding layer; the substrate material is used for supporting the optical waveguide structure, and can specifically adopt FR4 material, silicon chip and quartz glassSheets, polymer films, and the like; the lower cladding is uniformly coated on the substrate, provides a refractive index different from that of the optical waveguide core layer, is matched with the optical waveguide core layer waveguide glue to be used for binding light in the waveguide core region for transmission, and can specifically adopt the waveguide glue with the refractive index of 1.526; the optical waveguide core layer is uniformly coated on the lower cladding layer, and the optical waveguide core layer can be specifically made of waveguide glue with the refractive index of 1.531 and is etched into a required optical waveguide shape by adopting a photoetching method; the upper cladding is coated on the optical waveguide core layer in a spin mode, the optical waveguide core layer is wrapped in the center, and the upper cladding can specifically adopt waveguide glue with the refractive index of 1.526. However, the present invention is not limited to the above materials and refractive indices, and the refractive index of the core layer of the optical waveguide is defined as n1The refractive index of the upper cladding and the lower cladding are both n2For waveguide glue of different materials, n is satisfied1Greater than n2The optical waveguide route switching product which satisfies the method of the invention by photoetching is also in the protection scope of the invention, and the optical waveguide route switching product which selects different optical waveguide core layer and cladding structure sizes is also in the protection scope of the invention. In addition, the cascade structure product of the optical routing coupling structure designed by the method is also in the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and the present invention may also have other embodiments according to the above structures and functions, and is not listed again. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention by those skilled in the art can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for designing optical waveguide route exchange based on turning design is characterized in that N optical paths are defined as a group, the same group of optical paths realize the route exchange in the group through 0-90 DEG turning, and all the optical paths are finished in the same plane by one-time photoetching.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the same group of optical paths are switched for the intra-group routing through a 45 ° turn or a 90 ° turn; when different routing relations exist, different optical wiring distribution is realized by controlling the turning position of the optical path.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein each optical path in the same group is routed at the optical waveguide turning position through a 90 ° turn, and a 45 ° reflective surface is further designed at the 90 ° turn, and all optical paths in the same group are parallel before and after routing exchange.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein each optical path in the same group is 90 ° crossed with the remaining (N-1) optical paths after 90 ° turn.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the optical waveguide routing switching design method based on the turn design is characterized in that the optical waveguide routing switching design method does not cross other optical paths after the same group of internal optical splitting paths turn for 90 degrees according to the turning positions, and the other optical paths randomly cross one or more other optical paths for 90 degrees according to the turning positions after the other optical paths turn for 90 degrees.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide optical paths in the same group are switched between the input and output positions of the optical path through two 45 ° turns at the linear optical waveguide transmission position, and all the optical paths in the same group are parallel before and after the switching; and when the optical path carries out route switching, the optical path randomly crosses with one or more other optical paths at 45 degrees or 90 degrees according to the difference of the first 45-degree turning positions.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each optical path in the same group is switched between the input and output positions of the optical path through two 45 ° turns at the straight transmission position.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the optical path input/output position of the optical path of the same group of internal optical splitter is changed by two 45 ° turns at the straight transmission position to realize the route switching.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photolithographic material comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate, a lower cladding layer, an optical waveguide core layer, and an upper cladding layer; the optical waveguide core layer adopts a refractive index n1The lower cladding and the upper cladding both adopt the refractive index n2And n is a waveguide glue, and1＞n2an optical waveguide core layer having a desired optical waveguide shape made by photolithography according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An optical waveguide routing switch product comprising an optical waveguide core, said optical waveguide core being lithographically formed into a desired optical waveguide shape using the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. An optical waveguide routing coupling cascade structure product comprising an optical waveguide core, said optical waveguide core being lithographically formed into a desired optical waveguide shape using the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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