CN113949872B - Screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance - Google Patents

Screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance Download PDF

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CN113949872B
CN113949872B CN202111320458.1A CN202111320458A CN113949872B CN 113949872 B CN113949872 B CN 113949872B CN 202111320458 A CN202111320458 A CN 202111320458A CN 113949872 B CN113949872 B CN 113949872B
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CN113949872A (en
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陈婧
陈淋淋
曾焕强
朱建清
蔡灿辉
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Huaqiao University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, and belongs to the field of video coding. The method adopts a 3D-Gradient filter to extract the edge structure characteristics and the motion information of the space domain and the time domain of the video sequence of the screen content, and fuses the space domain and the time domain characteristics in the screen content to obtain the final pixel level complexity factor. And calculating a CTU level complexity factor CF through the pixel level complexity factor to allocate target bits of the CTU level. And constructing a rate distortion model by combining the similarity of the reference frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame with the target bit, so as to realize the target bit and guide the generation of the rate control model. The screen content video coding rate control method provided by the invention can improve the rate control precision, obviously improve the rate distortion performance of the reconstructed video sequence and reduce the video coding time complexity to a certain extent.

Description

Screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of video coding, in particular to a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance.
Background
With the rapid development of communication internet technology, video applications are increasing, and the requirements for video transmission and communication are also becoming wider. The data after the video signal is collected is huge, and great challenges are brought to video transmission and storage, so that the video is necessary to be encoded. In order to unify video compression standards and code stream formats, the international video organization sets a series of video coding standards. With the rapid development of high-definition and ultra-high-definition videos, video compression efficiency is improved, and a new generation of high-efficiency Video Coding standard H.265/HEVC (HIGH EFFICIENCY Video Coding) [1] is jointly formulated by a Video Coding expert group (Video Coding Experts Group, VCEG) of the ITU and a moving picture expert group (Moving Picture Experts Group, MPEG) of the ISO/IEC.
With the rapid development of mobile communication, multimedia communication, cloud computing, network interaction experience, etc., applications based on Screen Content Video (SCVs) are also continuously developing and growing, such as video conferencing, remote learning, video broadcasting, screen sharing, 3D games, etc. Screen Content Video (SCV) has a large number of sharp edges and flat areas, computer graphics and text, repeated blocks and flexible coding patterns over the spatial domain as compared to the smooth edges and bold line features of Natural Content Video (NCV) [3]. In the time domain, the motion fields of SCVs often exhibit long-term stationary blocks, continuous blocks, and abrupt screen blocks [4]. To achieve efficient SCV coding, an extension of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard has been proposed, named HEVC-SCC [5]. New tools have been introduced to take full advantage of the characteristics of SCV, including intra-block copy (IBC), palette mode (PLT), adaptive Color Transform (ACT), and Adaptive Motion Vector Resolution (AMVR) [1], among others.
The content characteristics differ greatly from video signal to video signal, resulting in different encoded bitstream sizes. When the coding rate is greater than the transmission bandwidth, the stream will accumulate in the encoder side buffer, and once the bit stream accumulates beyond the buffer size, some frames must be skipped and the video quality destroyed. Conversely, if the code rate is smaller than the channel capacity, waste of channel and buffer resources will be caused. To accommodate the network transmission bandwidth requirements, controlling the code rate is a key technology in video coding of screen content. The code rate control mainly establishes a mathematical relation model between the code rate and the quantization parameter, and determines the code parameter according to the target code rate, so that the code rate after coding can adapt to the requirement of the current video transmission bandwidth, and the waste of bandwidth resources or the overflow of video resources in the transmission process is avoided. Compared with the traditional video, the screen content video has the characteristics of sharp edges, a large number of flat areas, repeated patterns and modes and the like. These features make the conventional rate control method not suitable for video sequences of screen contents, and it is a challenging problem to implement rate control technology on screen contents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rate control method for the screen content video.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a Screen Content Video Coding (SCVC) code rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, which can improve the screen content coding quality, rate distortion performance, coding complexity and code rate control precision.
A screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance comprises the following steps:
1) Carrying out airspace and time feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
2) Calculating a Complexity Factor (CF) of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU) by extracting spatial-temporal feature fusion calculation pixel-level complexity factors in X, Y and T directions;
3) Calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit;
4) Acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a current coding frame reference sequence and a reconstructed sequence, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining target bit allocation of the obtained coding tree unit;
5) And determining and updating coding parameters through the rate distortion model to generate a rate control model.
Specifically, in step 1), spatial domain and temporal feature extraction is performed on the screen content video sequence by a 3D-Gradient filter, which specifically includes:
inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting brightness pixel values of the video sequence;
And in the encoding process, simultaneously extracting the reference video frame of the current encoded frame and the space-time domain structural characteristics of the reconstructed video frame in the space-time domain X, Y and time domain T directions respectively through a 3D-Gradient filter.
Specifically, the pixel level complexity factor is calculated by extracting the space-time domain feature fusion in the X, Y and T directions, and the complexity factor of the coding tree unit is calculated specifically as follows:
the pixel level complexity factor is obtained by convolving the 3D-Gradient filter kernel with the pixel brightness value p (x, y, T) of the video sequence in the spatial X, Y direction and the time domain T direction, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein sgn (z-T) is a sign function, convX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is the convolution of z frames in three directions of X, Y and T, and the average complexity factor of the coding tree unit is calculated as follows:
Wherein, N is the number of pixels in the current coding tree unit, w and h are the width and height of the current coding CTU,/>For the pixel level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, GPP CTUx,GPPCTUy,GPPCTUt is the CTU level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions.
Specifically, in step 3), the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit is calculated in combination with the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, so as to perform target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, wherein the CTU level complexity factor calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein MGpp curCTU is the average complexity factor of the current encoded CTU, MGpp curframe represents the complexity factor of the current encoded frame, M is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,/>For the pixel level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, GPP x,GPPy,GPPt is the frame level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions.
Specifically, in step 4), the spatial-temporal feature similarity of the reference sequence and the reconstructed sequence of the current encoded frame is obtained, and the rate-distortion model is constructed by combining the obtained target bit allocation of the encoded tree unit, which specifically includes:
And respectively calculating the space-time domain structural characteristics of the reference video frame and the reconstructed video frame of the current coding frame, fusing the complexity factors of the reference video frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame in the X, Y and T directions to obtain the space-time domain characteristic similarity, wherein the characteristic similarity formula is as follows:
Wherein, alpha, beta and gamma are weight values of the local quality index in X, Y, T directions respectively; g rx,Gry and G rt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reference video sequence of the current encoded frame, and G dx,Gdy and G dt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reconstructed video sequence of the current encoded frame.
Specifically, the coding parameters are determined and updated through the rate distortion model, and a code rate control model is generated, specifically:
And guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through complexity characteristic similarity, and generating a final code rate control model.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention provides a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out airspace and time feature extraction on a screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter; calculating a pixel level complexity factor by extracting space-time domain features in X, Y and T directions, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit; calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit; acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a current coding frame reference sequence and a reconstructed sequence, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining target bit allocation of the obtained coding tree unit; determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model to generate a code rate control model; the method fully considers the characteristics of the screen video content, the motion characteristics and the like, simultaneously extracts the spatial-temporal structural characteristics of the screen content video through the 3D-Gradient filter, obtains the complexity factor CF of the coding CTU block, and reasonably distributes target bits.
(2) The method provided by the invention fully considers the related information of the coded frame before the current coded frame, guides the coding parameter estimation and updating by constructing the feature similarity, improves the code rate control precision, generates a final code rate control model, improves the quality and the rate distortion performance of the coded video sequence, and reduces the complexity of the coding time to a certain extent.
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the method for controlling the video coding rate of the screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance is not limited to the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 3D-Gradient filter kernel in X, Y and T directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an overall block diagram of code rate control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments.
The invention provides a 3D-Gradent guide-based screen content video coding rate control method for improving screen content coding quality, optimizing rate distortion performance and reducing the error rate of screen content video coding, and simultaneously reduces coding time complexity to a certain extent.
A screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: carrying out airspace and time feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
Inputting a screen content video test sequence in the HM+SCM coding platform;
Extracting characteristics such as edges and motions in a video sequence by using a 3D-Gradient filter, and extracting characteristics of a time domain and a space domain of the video sequence;
specifically, as shown in fig. 1, luminance pixel values of a video sequence are extracted, reference video frames of a current encoded frame and structural features of a reconstructed video frame are respectively extracted through a 3D-Gradient filter, and edges and motion characteristics of the video sequence are extracted.
Inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting brightness pixel values of the video sequence;
in the encoding process, simultaneously extracting the reference video frame of the current encoding frame and the space-time domain structural characteristics of the reconstructed video frame in the space-time domain X, Y and time domain T directions respectively through a 3D-Gradient filter; the 3D-Gradient filter kernel in X, Y and T directions is shown in fig. 2:
Step 2: calculating a pixel level complexity factor by extracting space-time domain features in X, Y and T directions, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit;
In the embodiment of the invention, considering the calculation and coding complexity of the space-time characteristic performance, only 3D-Gradient filtering in three directions of horizontal, vertical and time is selected, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein,
ConvX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is the convolution of the z-frame in the three directions X, Y and T, sgn (T) is a sign function of T, and the 3D-Gradient filter convolves the pixel luminance value p (X, Y, T) of the video sequence in the direction of time domain X, Y and in the direction of space domain T to obtain a pixel level complexity factor, with the following formula:
the average complexity factor at CTU level is calculated as follows:
Wherein, N is the number of pixels in the current coded CTU block, w and h are the width and height of the current CTU, G xpi,Gypi,Gtpi is the pixel level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, and GPP CTUx,GPPCTUy,GPPCTUt is the CTU level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions.
Step 3, calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, wherein a CTU level complexity factor calculation formula is as follows;
Wherein MGpp curCTU is the average complexity factor of the current coding tree unit, MGpp curframe represents the complexity factor of the current coding frame, M is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,/>Pixel level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, GPP x,GPPy,GPPt is the frame level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions;
CTU-level target bit allocation is carried out by combining the complexity factor CF;
the specific distribution scheme is as follows: for CTU blocks with high complexity factor CF, more code rates are allocated; for lower complexity factors CF and simple CTU blocks, fewer code rates are allocated.
And 4, acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of the reference sequence and the reconstruction sequence of the current coding frame, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining the target bit allocation of the obtained coding tree unit.
Specifically, the spatial-temporal characteristics of the reference video frame and the reconstructed video frame of the current encoded frame are calculated, and the characteristic similarity is calculated, wherein the formula is as follows:
Wherein, alpha, beta and gamma are weights of the local quality index in three directions X, Y, T respectively. G rx,Gry and G rt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reference video sequence of the current encoded frame, and G dx,Gdy and G dt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reconstructed video sequence of the current encoded frame.
And 5, as shown in fig. 3, guiding the estimation and update of the coding parameters through the rate distortion model to generate a final code rate control model.
And guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through complexity characteristic similarity, and generating a final code rate control model.
The code rate control algorithm provided by the invention greatly improves the rate distortion performance of video coding, improves the code rate control precision and the coding quality, and reduces the complexity of coding time to a certain extent.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all changes, modifications and the like made according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and should be construed as infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Carrying out airspace and time feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
2) Calculating a pixel level complexity factor by extracting space-time domain features in X, Y and T directions, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit;
3) Calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit;
4) Acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a current coding frame reference sequence and a reconstructed sequence, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining target bit allocation of the obtained coding tree unit;
5) And determining and updating coding parameters through the rate distortion model to generate a rate control model.
2. The method for controlling the coding rate of the video of the screen content based on the 3D-Gradient guidance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the spatial domain and the temporal feature of the video sequence of the screen content are extracted by a 3D-Gradient filter, specifically comprising:
inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting brightness pixel values of the video sequence;
And in the encoding process, simultaneously extracting the reference video frame of the current encoded frame and the space-time domain structural characteristics of the reconstructed video frame in the space-time domain X, Y and time domain T directions respectively through a 3D-Gradient filter.
3. The method for controlling the video coding rate of the screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance according to claim 1, wherein the pixel level complexity factor is calculated by extracting the space-time domain feature fusion in the X, Y and T directions, and the complexity factor of the coding tree unit is calculated specifically as follows:
the pixel level complexity factor is obtained by convolving the 3D-Gradient filter with the pixel brightness value p (x, y, T) of the video sequence in the spatial X, Y direction and the time domain T direction, and the formula is as follows:
Wherein sgn (z-T) is a sign function, convX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is the convolution of z frames in three directions of X, Y and T, and the average complexity factor of the coding tree unit is calculated as follows:
Wherein, N is the number of pixels in the current coding tree unit, w and h are the width and height of the current coding tree unit,/>For the pixel level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, GPP CTUx,GPPCTUy,GPPCTUt is the CTU level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions.
4. The method for controlling video coding rate of screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit is calculated in combination with the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and the target bit allocation of the coding tree unit is performed, wherein the complexity factor of the coding tree unit has the following calculation formula:
Wherein MGpp curCTU is the average complexity factor of the current coding tree unit, MGpp curframe represents the complexity factor of the current coding frame, M is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,/>For the pixel level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, GPP x,GPPy,GPPt is the frame level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions.
5. The method for controlling the video coding rate of screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the spatial-temporal feature similarity of the reference sequence and the reconstructed sequence of the current coding frame is obtained, and the rate-distortion model is constructed by combining the obtained target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, specifically comprising:
And respectively calculating the space-time domain structural characteristics of the reference video frame and the reconstructed video frame of the current coding frame, fusing the complexity factors of the reference video frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame in the X, Y and T directions to obtain the space-time domain characteristic similarity, wherein the characteristic similarity formula is as follows:
Wherein, alpha, beta and gamma are weight values of the local quality index in X, Y, T directions respectively; g rx,Gry and G rt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reference video sequence of the current encoded frame, and G dx,Gdy and G dt are the complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions, respectively, of the reconstructed video sequence of the current encoded frame.
6. The method for controlling the code rate of video coding of screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance as set forth in claim 1, wherein the code rate control model is generated by determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model, specifically:
And guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through complexity characteristic similarity, and generating a final code rate control model.
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