CN113949872A - Screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, and belongs to the field of video coding. The method adopts a 3D-Gradient filter to simultaneously extract the edge structure characteristics and the motion information of the space domain and the time domain of the screen content video sequence, and fuses the space domain characteristics and the time domain characteristics of the screen content to obtain the final pixel level complexity factor. And calculating the CTU-level complexity factor CF through the pixel-level complexity factor to perform CTU-level target bit allocation. And constructing a rate distortion model by combining the similarity of the reference frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame with the target bit, realizing the target bit and guiding the generation of a code rate control model. The screen content video coding rate control method provided by the invention can improve the rate control precision, obviously improve the rate distortion performance of the reconstructed video sequence and reduce the complexity of video coding time to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of video coding, in particular to a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance.
Background
With the rapid development of communication internet technology, video applications are increasing, and the demands for video transmission and communication are also becoming more extensive. The data after the video signal is collected is huge, which brings great challenges to video transmission and storage, so that the video is necessary to be coded. In order to unify video compression standards and code stream formats, the international video organization has established a series of video coding standards. With the rapid development of high definition and ultra-high definition videos and the improvement of Video compression Efficiency, a Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) of ITU and a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) of ISO/IEC form a joint Video Coding working Group (JCT-VC) to jointly establish a new generation of high Efficiency Video Coding standard H.265/HEVC (high Efficiency Video Coding) [1 ].
With the rapid development of mobile communication, multimedia communication, cloud computing, network interaction experience, and the like, applications based on Screen Content Videos (SCVs) are also continuously developing, such as video conferencing, remote learning, video broadcasting, screen sharing, 3D games, and the like. Compared to the smooth-edge and bold-line features of Natural Content Video (NCV), Screen Content Video (SCV) has a large number of sharp edges and flat areas, computer graphics and text, repetitive blocks, and flexible coding patterns on the spatial domain [3 ]. In the temporal domain, the motion field of SCV often appears as long still blocks, continuous blocks and screen abrupt blocks [4 ]. To enable efficient SCV coding, an extension of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is proposed, named HEVC-SCC [5 ]. New tools are introduced to exploit the properties of SCV, including intra-block copy (IBC), palette mode (PLT), Adaptive Color Transform (ACT), and Adaptive Motion Vector Resolution (AMVR) [1], among others.
Different video signals have different content characteristics, so that the size of the coded code stream is different. When the coding rate is larger than the transmission bandwidth, the code stream is accumulated in a buffer area at the coder end, once the bit stream accumulation exceeds the size of the buffer area, certain frames must be skipped, and the video quality is damaged. On the contrary, if the code rate is smaller than the channel capacity, it will cause waste of channel and buffer resources. In order to meet the requirement of network transmission bandwidth, controlling the code rate is a key technology in screen content video coding. The code rate control mainly establishes a mathematical relation model between the coding code rate and the quantization parameter, and determines the coding parameter according to the target code rate, so that the coded code rate can adapt to the requirement of the current video transmission bandwidth, and the waste of bandwidth resources or the overflow of video resources in the transmission process is avoided. Compared with the traditional video, the screen content video has the characteristics of sharp edges, a large number of flat areas, repeated patterns and the like. These characteristics make the conventional rate control method not suitable for screen content video sequences, and the rate control technology for screen content becomes a challenging problem. Therefore, it is necessary to research a code rate control method for screen content video.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance by combining a Screen Content Video Coding (SCVC) rate control method based on screen content characteristics, which can improve screen content coding quality, rate distortion performance, coding complexity and rate control precision.
A screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance comprises the following steps:
1) performing space domain and time domain feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
2) calculating a pixel-level complexity factor by extracting the space-time domain features in the X, Y and T directions and fusing, and calculating a Complexity Factor (CF) of a Coding Tree Unit (CTU);
3) calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit;
4) acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a reference sequence and a reconstruction sequence of a current coding frame, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining the acquired target bit allocation of a coding tree unit;
5) and determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model to generate a code rate control model.
Specifically, in step 1), spatial domain and temporal domain feature extraction is performed on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter, which specifically includes:
inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting a brightness pixel value of the video sequence;
and in the coding process, the spatial-temporal structure characteristics of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of the current coding frame are respectively and simultaneously extracted in the spatial domain X, Y direction and the temporal domain T direction through a 3D-Gradient filter.
Specifically, the pixel-level complexity factor is calculated by extracting the spatio-temporal feature fusion in the X, Y and T directions, and the complexity factor of the coding tree unit is calculated, specifically:
convolving the 3D-Gradient filtering kernel with the pixel brightness value p (x, y, T) of the video sequence in the spatial domain X, Y direction and the time domain T direction to obtain a pixel-level complexity factor, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein sgn (z-T) is a sign function, convX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is the convolution of z frame in three directions of X, Y and T, and the calculation formula of the average complexity factor of the coding tree unit is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
n is the number of pixels in the current coding tree unitThe number, w and h, are the width and height of the current coding CTU,
is a pixel-level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, GPPCTUx，GPPCTUy，GPPCTUtCTU level complexity factors in X, Y and T directions.
Specifically, in step 3), the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit is calculated by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and the target bit allocation of the coding tree unit is performed, wherein the CTU-level complexity factor calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, MGppcurCTUIs the average complexity factor, MGpp, of the current coding CTUcurframeRepresenting the complexity factor of the current encoded frame,
m is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,
is a pixel-level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, GPPx，GPPy，GPPtFrame-level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions.
Specifically, in step 4), obtaining the space-time domain feature similarity between the reference sequence and the reconstructed sequence of the current coding frame, and constructing a rate-distortion model by combining the obtained target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, specifically including:
respectively calculating the space-time domain structural features of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of a current coding frame, and fusing the complexity factors of the reference video frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame in the X, Y and T directions to obtain the space-time domain feature similarity, wherein a feature similarity formula is as follows:
wherein, α, β and γ are weight values of the local quality index in three directions of X, Y, T respectively; grx，GryAnd GrtComplexity factors, G, in X, Y and T directions for the reference video sequence of the current coded frame, respectivelydx，GdyAnd GdtThe reconstructed video sequence for the current coded frame has complexity factors in X, Y and T directions, respectively.
Specifically, the coding parameters are determined and updated through a rate distortion model, and a rate control model is generated, specifically:
and guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through the complexity characteristic similarity to generate a final code rate control model.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention provides a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, which comprises the following steps of firstly, extracting spatial domain and time domain characteristics of a screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter; calculating a pixel-level complexity factor by extracting the space-time domain features in the X, Y and T directions and fusing, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit; calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit; acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a reference sequence and a reconstruction sequence of a current coding frame, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining the acquired target bit allocation of a coding tree unit; determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model to generate a code rate control model; the method fully considers the content characteristics, the motion characteristics and the like of the screen video, simultaneously extracts the space-time domain structure characteristics of the screen content video through the 3D-Gradient filter, solves the complexity factor CF of the coding CTU block, and reasonably distributes target bits.
(2) The method provided by the invention fully considers the related information of the coded frame before the current coded frame, guides the estimation and the update of the coding parameters by constructing the characteristic similarity, improves the code rate control precision, generates the final code rate control model, improves the quality and the rate distortion performance of the coded video sequence and reduces the complexity of the coding time to a certain extent.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the method for controlling the rate of coding the video coding rate of the screen content based on 3D-Gradient guidance according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 3D-Gradient filter kernel in X, Y and T directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an overall block diagram of rate control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
In order to solve the problems that the existing screen content video coding standard does not consider the screen video content characteristics, the motion characteristics, the bit error rate and the rate distortion performance in the code rate control and the like, the invention provides a screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance, which is used for improving the screen content coding quality, the rate distortion optimization performance and reducing the bit error rate of screen content video coding and simultaneously reduces the coding time complexity to a certain extent.
A screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: performing space domain and time domain feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
inputting a screen content video test sequence on an HM + SCM coding platform;
extracting characteristics such as edges, motion and the like in a video sequence by using a 3D-Gradient filter, and extracting characteristics of a time domain and a space domain of the video sequence at the same time;
specifically, as shown in fig. 1, luminance pixel values of a video sequence are extracted, structural features of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of a current coding frame are respectively extracted through a 3D-Gradient filter, and edges and motion characteristics of the video sequence are extracted.
Inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting a brightness pixel value of the video sequence;
in the coding process, respectively and simultaneously extracting the spatial-temporal structure characteristics of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of a current coding frame in the spatial domain X, Y direction and the temporal domain T direction through a 3D-Gradient filter; the 3D-Gradient filter kernel in the X, Y and T directions is shown in fig. 2:
step 2: calculating a pixel-level complexity factor by extracting the space-time domain features in the X, Y and T directions and fusing, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit;
in the embodiment of the invention, the calculation of space-time characteristic performance and the coding complexity are considered, and only 3D-Gradient filtering in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the time direction is selected, and the formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
convX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is convolution of z frame in X, Y and T directions, sgn (T) is sign function of T, and convolution of 3D-Gradient filter with video sequence pixel brightness value p (X, Y, T) in time domain X, Y direction and space domain T direction obtains pixel level complexity factor, which formula is as follows:
the average complexity factor at the CTU level is calculated as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
n is the number of pixels in the current coding CTU block, w and h are the width and height of the current CTU, Gxpi，Gypi，GtpiIs a pixel-level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, GPPCTUx，GPPCTUy，GPPCTUtCTU level complexity factors in X, Y and T directions.
Step 3, calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, wherein the CTU-level complexity factor calculation formula is as follows;
wherein, MGppcurCTUIs the average complexity factor, MGpp, of the current coding tree unitcurframeRepresenting the complexity factor of the current encoded frame,
m is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,
in the X, Y and T directionsPixel level complexity factor, GPPx，GPPy，GPPtFrame-level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions;
CTU-level target bit allocation is carried out by combining a complexity factor CF;
the specific distribution scheme is as follows: for CTU blocks with high complexity factor CF, more code rates are allocated; for low complexity factor CF and simple CTU blocks, less code rate is allocated.
And 4, acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of the reference sequence and the reconstruction sequence of the current coding frame, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining the acquired target bit allocation of the coding tree unit.
Specifically, the spatio-temporal characteristics of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of a current coding frame are calculated, and the similarity of the characteristics is calculated, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein, α, β and γ are weights of the local quality index in three directions of X, Y, T, respectively. Grx，GryAnd GrtComplexity factors, G, in X, Y and T directions for the reference video sequence of the current coded frame, respectivelydx，GdyAnd GdtThe reconstructed video sequence for the current coded frame has complexity factors in X, Y and T directions, respectively.
And 5, as shown in fig. 3, guiding the estimation and the update of the coding parameters through a rate distortion model to generate a final code rate control model.
And guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through the complexity characteristic similarity to generate a final code rate control model.
The code rate control algorithm provided by the invention greatly improves the rate distortion performance of video coding, improves the code rate control precision and the coding quality, and simultaneously reduces the complexity of the coding time to a certain extent.
The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and variations, modifications, etc. will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention according to the technical spirit of the present invention, and it should be considered that the behavior infringes the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A screen content video coding rate control method based on 3D-Gradient guidance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing space domain and time domain feature extraction on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter;
2) calculating a pixel-level complexity factor by extracting the space-time domain features in the X, Y and T directions and fusing, and calculating a complexity factor of a coding tree unit;
3) calculating the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and performing target bit allocation of the coding tree unit;
4) acquiring the space-time domain feature similarity of a reference sequence and a reconstruction sequence of a current coding frame, and constructing a rate distortion model by combining the acquired target bit allocation of a coding tree unit;
5) and determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model to generate a code rate control model.
2. The method for controlling the coding rate of the screen content video based on the 3D-Gradient guidance according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), spatial domain and temporal domain feature extraction is performed on the screen content video sequence through a 3D-Gradient filter, and specifically comprises:
inputting a screen content video test sequence in an encoder, and extracting a brightness pixel value of the video sequence;
and in the coding process, the spatial-temporal structure characteristics of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of the current coding frame are respectively and simultaneously extracted in the spatial domain X, Y direction and the temporal domain T direction through a 3D-Gradient filter.
3. The 3D-Gradient-guided-based screen content video coding rate control method of claim 1, wherein a pixel-level complexity factor is calculated by extracting spatial-temporal feature fusion in X, Y and T directions, and a complexity factor of a coding tree unit is calculated, specifically:
convolving the 3D-Gradient filtering kernel with the pixel brightness value p (x, y, T) of the video sequence in the spatial domain X, Y direction and the time domain T direction to obtain a pixel-level complexity factor, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein sgn (z-T) is a sign function, convX (X, Y, z), convY (X, Y, z), convT (X, Y, z) is the convolution of z frame in three directions of X, Y and T, and the calculation formula of the average complexity factor of the coding tree unit is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
n is the number of pixels in the current coding tree unit, w and h are the width and height of the current coding tree unit,
is a pixel-level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, GPPCTUx，GPPCTUy，GPPCTUtCTU level complexity factors in X, Y and T directions.
4. The 3D-Gradient-guided-based screen content video coding rate control method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the complexity factor of the current coding tree unit is calculated by combining the complexity factor of the coding tree unit and the complexity factor of the current coding frame, and target bit allocation of the coding tree unit is performed, wherein the complexity factor calculation formula of the coding tree unit is as follows:
wherein, MGppcurCTUIs the average complexity factor, MGpp, of the current coding tree unitcurframeRepresenting the complexity factor of the current encoded frame,
m is the number of pixels in the current encoded frame, W and H are the width and height of the current encoded frame,
is a pixel-level complexity factor in the X, Y and T directions, GPPx，GPPy，GPPtFrame-level complexity factors in the X, Y and T directions.
5. The method for controlling the code rate of the screen content video coding based on the 3D-Gradient feature adaptive block classification as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the space-time domain feature similarity between the reference sequence and the reconstructed sequence of the current coding frame is obtained, and the rate distortion model is constructed by combining the obtained target bit allocation of the coding tree unit, which specifically includes:
respectively calculating the space-time domain structural features of a reference video frame and a reconstructed video frame of a current coding frame, and fusing the complexity factors of the reference video frame and the reconstructed frame of the current coding frame in the X, Y and T directions to obtain the space-time domain feature similarity, wherein a feature similarity formula is as follows:
wherein, α, β and γ are weight values of the local quality index in three directions of X, Y, T respectively; grx，GryAnd GrtComplexity factors, G, in X, Y and T directions for the reference video sequence of the current coded frame, respectivelydx，GdyAnd GdtThe reconstructed video sequence for the current coded frame has complexity factors in X, Y and T directions, respectively.
6. The method for controlling the code rate of the screen content video coding based on the 3D-Gradient feature adaptive block classification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the code rate control model is generated by determining and updating coding parameters through a rate distortion model, and specifically comprises:
and guiding parameter estimation in the code rate control model through the complexity characteristic similarity to generate a final code rate control model.
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