CN113948734A - Fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN113948734A CN113948734A CN202111205957.6A CN202111205957A CN113948734A CN 113948734 A CN113948734 A CN 113948734A CN 202111205957 A CN202111205957 A CN 202111205957A CN 113948734 A CN113948734 A CN 113948734A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fuel cell stack, which comprises two end plates and a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, wherein each fuel cell unit comprises two stack pole plates and a membrane electrode assembly clamped between the two stack pole plates, each stack pole plate is provided with a reaction flow field and a fuel notch communicated with the reaction flow field, the fuel notches of the plurality of fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a main flow passage, and a mesh screen or/and a porous pipe is arranged in the main flow passage. The fuel cell stack can greatly improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, improving the safety performance of the fuel cell stack, and effectively improving the action and contribution rate of the fuel cell in energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack with high combustion reaction efficiency and good safety performance.
Background
The fuel cell is always acknowledged as the first choice of clean energy of the next generation, and is one of the great benefits for realizing harmony and coexistence of the environment and human beings in the future, and in view of the above, research on the fuel cell is more and more, and is deeper and deeper; fuel cells are classified into proton exchange membrane fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, and the like, depending on the electrolyte. In the whole fuel cell system, the stack is the core device of the fuel cell. It can be said that all fuel cells are not separated from the stack arrangement.
At present, there are technical problems in the fuel cell stack, such as poor water drainage, too short or too long residence time of fuel in the stack, and unbalanced distribution of fluid flow rate distributed to the flow channels in each unit cell, which results in poor performance of the fuel cell and increased risk of the occurrence of the reverse polarity phenomenon in the individual unit cell, and therefore, it is necessary to develop a stack apparatus capable of further improving the combustion reaction efficiency and safety performance of the stack.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell stack, which can greatly improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, and can improve the safety performance of the fuel cell stack, so as to effectively improve the action and contribution rate of the fuel cell in energy saving and emission reduction.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fuel cell stack comprises two end plates and a plurality of fuel cell units arranged between the two end plates in a stacked mode, wherein each fuel cell unit comprises two stack pole plates and a membrane electrode assembly clamped between the two stack pole plates, one stack pole plate is provided with a cathode reaction flow field facing the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel notch communicated with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field and a cathode second fuel notch communicated with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, and the other stack pole plate is provided with an anode reaction flow field facing the membrane resistance assembly, an anode first fuel notch communicated with the inlet of the anode reaction flow field and an anode second fuel notch communicated with an outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the cathode first fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode first main flow channel, and the cathode second fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode second main flow channel; the first fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a first main anode channel, and the second fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a second main anode channel; the end plate is provided with external connecting pipes which respectively correspond to the cathode first main flow passage, the cathode second main flow passage, the anode first main flow passage and the anode second main flow passage; at least one of the first cathode main flow passage, the second cathode main flow passage, the first anode main flow passage, the second anode main flow passage and the external connection pipe is internally provided with a mesh screen or/and at least one of the first cathode main flow passage, the second cathode main flow passage, the first anode main flow passage and the second anode main flow passage is internally provided with a porous pipe.
Furthermore, a plurality of through holes which are arrayed and uniformly distributed are formed in the tube wall of the porous tube.
Further, the mesh screen in at least one of the cathode first main flow channel, the cathode second main flow channel, the anode first main flow channel and the anode second main flow channel is arranged along the radial direction of the flow channel or/and along the inner wall of the flow channel.
Further, the inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the perforated pipe is/are provided with a mesh screen.
Furthermore, a current collecting plate is arranged between each end plate and the adjacent fuel cell units, a wiring body for power output is formed on each current collecting plate, the current collecting plates are mutually insulated with the end plates, and the current collecting plates are mutually and electrically conducted with the fuel cell units.
Furthermore, the cathode reaction flow field comprises a main reaction flow field positioned in the middle and two diversion flow fields positioned at two ends of the main reaction flow field, each diversion flow field comprises a plurality of diversion flow channels, one diversion flow field is communicated with the first cathode fuel notch and the main reaction flow field, the other diversion flow field is communicated with the second cathode fuel notch and the main reaction flow field, and at least one diversion flow channel is in a radial shape with the first cathode fuel notch or the second cathode fuel notch as a starting point and is diverged towards the main reaction flow field.
Furthermore, the flow guide flow field comprises a primary flow guide flow field and a secondary flow guide flow field which are communicated with each other, the primary flow guide flow field is in a radial shape which is diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the cathode first fuel notch or the cathode second fuel notch as a starting point, and the secondary flow guide flow field is composed of a plurality of column points which are arranged in an array shape.
Furthermore, a flow channel ridge is formed between every two adjacent flow guide channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes for communicating the two adjacent flow guide channels are formed in the flow channel ridge.
Furthermore, the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction, the first direction is a connecting line direction of one end of a feed port and one end of a discharge port of the electric pile polar plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or snake-shaped flow channels.
Furthermore, the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to a connecting line between one end of the feed port and one end of the discharge port of the electric pile polar plate; the sub-runners are folding ruler-shaped runners or snake-shaped runners; each sub-runner is an area between two ridges extending along the second direction, and a plurality of channels are formed on each ridge at intervals.
Further, the channels on two adjacent ridges are mutually staggered in the direction perpendicular to the sub-flow channels.
Furthermore, the shape of the diversion flow field is triangular, trapezoidal or chordal.
Furthermore, sealing and isolating gaskets are arranged between two electric pile pole plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, and the sealing and isolating gaskets and membrane electrode assemblies between the two electric pile pole plates form an assembly.
Further, be provided with the performance detection socket on the pile polar plate, the performance detection socket includes temperature detection socket, flow detection socket, pressure operating mode detection socket.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing electric pile, the high-efficiency fuel cell electric pile has higher reaction efficiency; the power generation capacity of the pile is stronger; the reverse pole probability in the operation of the electric pile is lower or can be avoided, and the better reliability of the safe operation of the battery can be improved.
Firstly, through setting up screen cloth and perforated pipe structure in the pile, realized the control to fluid kinetic energy form, and then the flow of each subchannel in the distribution pile that can be even, not only effectively improved the homogeneity of pile whole reaction, but also reduced or greatly reduced or avoided the pile to have the antipole phenomenon that probably appears to further promote fuel cell's safety and efficiency.
Secondly, by improving the diversion flow field structure on the cathode reaction flow field (sub-flow channel) of the electric pile pole plate, the diversion flow field (a plurality of diversion flow channels) is designed to be in a radial shape which is diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the cathode first fuel notch or the cathode second fuel notch as a starting point, so that the diversion flow field can also be used as an important component of the cathode reaction flow field, the diversion flow field can also participate in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field, the fuel can be fully distributed on the whole cathode reaction flow field, and all the fuel entering the reaction flow field can participate in the electrochemical combustion reaction.
Thirdly, the diversion flow field of the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile is divided into a first-stage diversion flow field and a second-stage diversion flow field, the second-stage diversion flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of column points which are arranged in an array shape, the second-stage diversion flow field is preferably designed to be cylindrical or curved surface cylindrical, airflow disturbance can be increased due to the arrangement of the column points, mea supporting area can be increased, contact resistance is reduced, gas exchange is promoted, the wetting area of mass transfer is further increased, the wetting angle of the mass transfer is reduced, the mass transfer efficiency in combustion reaction is effectively improved, the combustion reaction efficiency of the electric pile is further improved, and the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell is improved. Preferably, the plurality of dots are equal in height.
Fourthly, by improving the runner structure of the main reaction flow field of the sub-runners of the pile electrode plate, the main reaction flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of sub-runners which are parallel to each other, the sub-runners extend along a second direction, the second direction is a direction which is perpendicular to a connecting line of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the pile electrode plate, the sub-runners are designed to be ruler-shaped runners or snake-shaped runners, and a plurality of channels are arranged on two ridges which form each sub-runner and extend along the second direction at intervals; the flow mode of the fluid in the flow channel can present the rolling characteristics of longitudinal, transverse and fluctuating, and the fluid can mutually impact, thus, the fluid is very easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of lower Raif number, the turbulent flow can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the combustion reaction of the pile, and effectively improving the power generation performance or power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. In the same principle, a plurality of serial flow holes communicating two adjacent guide flow channels can be formed on the flow channel ridges of the two adjacent guide flow channels.
Fifthly, the reaction temperature of the galvanic pile is monitored online from time to time, the monitored reaction temperature is timely transmitted to an automatic control heat exchange system outside the galvanic pile through an external control communication system of the galvanic pile, the reaction temperature of the galvanic pile can be always kept at the optimal working condition, and then the galvanic pile is always in the working condition with the optimal combustion reaction efficiency. The flow of the electrode plate of the galvanic pile is monitored on line from time to time, the supply flow of the fuel of the galvanic pile is transmitted to a flow automatic control system outside the galvanic pile in time through a galvanic pile external control communication system and is adjusted, and the galvanic pile can be always in the working condition with the optimal combustion reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the working voltage of the galvanic pile is monitored online all the time, and when abnormal reverse voltage occurs to the working voltage, emergency treatment for ensuring the safety of the battery can be rapidly carried out in the first time through an automatic safety protection control system outside the galvanic pile, so that the safety of the battery operation is ensured.
And sixthly, the membrane electrode assembly of the galvanic pile and the sealing isolation gasket are combined into a new integrated assembly, so that the construction of a standardized and large-scale production line of the galvanic pile is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a stack plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a mesh screen in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the perforated tube of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention;
the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1-end plate, 2-electric pile polar plate, 21-reaction flow field, 22-cathode first fuel notch, 23-cathode second fuel notch, 3-membrane electrode component, 31-electrolyte membrane, 32-catalyst, 33-molecular diffusion layer, 4-mesh screen, 5-porous tube, 51-through hole, 6-current collecting plate, 61-wiring body, 7-sealing isolation gasket, 8-external tube, 9-performance detection socket, 10-fastening device, 20-main flow channel, 211-main reaction flow field, 212-current guiding flow field, 213-current guiding flow channel, 2121-primary current guiding flow field, 2122-secondary current guiding flow field, 214-flow channel ridge, 210-column point, 220-ridge, 230-channel, x-first direction, y-a second direction, z-a direction perpendicular to the sub-channels.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical contents of the present invention, the following examples are given in detail for the purpose of better understanding the contents of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The components in the structures of the drawings of the embodiments are not necessarily to scale, and do not represent actual relative sizes of the structures in the embodiments. The upper side or upper side of the structure or surface includes the case where other layers are interposed.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a stack plate of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a mesh screen in the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the perforated tube of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell stack, which includes two end plates 1, and a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, each of the fuel cell units includes two stack plates 2 and a membrane electrode assembly 3 sandwiched between the two stack plates, one of the stack plates has a cathode reaction flow field 21 facing the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel notch 22 communicating with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field, and a cathode second fuel notch 23 communicating with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, the other electric pile polar plate is provided with an anode reaction flow field facing the membrane resistance assembly, an anode first fuel notch communicated with the inlet of the anode reaction flow field and an anode second fuel notch communicated with the outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the cathode first fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode first main flow channel, and the cathode second fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode second main flow channel; the first fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a first main anode channel, and the second fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a second main anode channel; the end plate is provided with external pipes 8 which respectively correspond to the cathode first main flow passage, the cathode second main flow passage, the anode first main flow passage and the anode second main flow passage; a mesh screen 4 or/and a porous pipe 5 is arranged in at least one of the first cathode main flow passage, the second cathode main flow passage, the first anode main flow passage, the second anode main flow passage and the external connection pipe. Therefore, the screen and the perforated pipe structure are arranged in the electric pile (comprising the main runners and the outer connecting pipe), the control on the fluid kinetic energy form is realized, the flow of the sub runners in the electric pile can be uniformly distributed, the uniformity of the whole reaction of the electric pile is effectively improved, the reverse pole phenomenon possibly occurring in the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved.
In the structure, the end plate of the galvanic pile can be made of metal materials, non-metal materials or composite materials; the pile is also provided with a fastening device 10, and the fastening device 10 can be a bolt, a stud and a nut structure, and can also be a fastening device of a fastening device binding type structure with other structures, and the like.
In the structure, a cathode first main flow channel, a cathode second main flow channel, an anode first main flow channel and an anode second main flow channel are collectively called as main flow channels, and a cathode reaction flow field and an anode reaction flow field are collectively called as sub-flow channels; the main runner and each sub-runner in the electric pile are interconnected and communicated, the main runner is used for guiding external flow to each sub-runner, and the cross section of the main runner can be in different shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a rectangle, a square, a polygon and the like; the cross-sectional area of the main flow passage in the longitudinal direction may be equal or may be varied to different cross-sectional areas in the longitudinal direction.
In the above structure, the membrane electrode assembly is clamped between two electrode stack plates, for example, one of the two electrode stack plates is a cathode plate, and the other is an anode plate, and the membrane electrode assembly is arranged between the cathode and anode sub-channels on the cathode and anode plates. The membrane electrode assembly can be a membrane electrode assembly of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a molten carbonate fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the like; referring to fig. 7, the membrane electrode assembly is a composite assembly of an electrolyte membrane 31, a catalyst 32, and a molecular diffusion layer 33; wherein the molecular diffusion layer is made of porous overlapped fiber materials; the number of the membrane electrode assemblies in the electric pile is half of the total number of the shunt channels in the electric pile or equal to the number of the anode channels or the number of the cathode channels.
Preferably, a sealing isolation gasket 7 is arranged between two stack plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, and the sealing isolation gasket and the membrane electrode assembly between the two stack plates form an assembly. The sealing isolation gasket is a product made of various rubbers (such as silicon rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, and the like), various metals, various nonmetals (such as asbestos, graphite, various polymers, and the like) and the like; the thickness of the sealing isolation gasket is 0.1-10 mm. The sealing gasket can be directly attached to the bipolar plate, the thickness of the sealing gasket can be very thin, and a sealing groove can be prevented from being formed on the bipolar plate, so that the thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced, the bipolar plate can be thinner, and the volume and the weight of the galvanic pile are reduced. And the seal isolation gasket and the membrane electrode assembly between the two galvanic pile polar plates form an assembly, which is beneficial to the construction of standardized and large-scale production lines of galvanic piles.
Preferably, referring to fig. 6, the perforated pipe has a plurality of through holes 51 arranged uniformly and in an array on the pipe wall. Like this, the array and a plurality of through-holes of evenly arranging can make the fluid through porous pipe each subchannel in can more even distribution to the pile, make the flow distribution of whole pile more even, reduce or greatly reduce or avoid the pile to have the antipole phenomenon that probably appears to further promote fuel cell's safety and efficiency. The length of the porous pipe is equal to or less than the total length of a main runner of the galvanic pile; the cross section shape and the cross section area change along the length direction of the perforated pipe are consistent with the main flow passage; generally, the nominal outer diameter of the cross section of the porous pipe is smaller than the nominal diameter of the main flow channel, and the external volume of the porous pipe is also smaller than the volume of the main flow channel of the electric pile; the hole-forming method and the number of holes of the perforated pipe are not limited, and it is preferable to form holes in a 50 to 200 mesh size and set the number of holes, or to separately set the hole-forming method and design the number of holes and the diameter of the holes.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5, the mesh screen in at least one of the cathode first main flow channel, the cathode second main flow channel, the anode first main flow channel and the anode second main flow channel is arranged in a radial direction of the flow channel or/and along an inner wall of the flow channel. That is, the mesh screens in the main flow channel are arranged along the radial direction of the flow channel or/and arranged along the inner wall of the flow channel. The inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the perforated pipe is/are provided with a mesh screen; in this way, the mesh screen can be arranged at the inlet of the main flow channel of the fuel cell stack, for example, at the position of 0-100 mm, and can also be arranged on the inner wall or the outer wall of the porous pipe in the fuel cell stack or on the inner wall or the outer wall of the porous pipe at the same time or in the porous pipe; the setting of mesh screen can be equal each subchannel's in the distribution pile flow, makes the flow distribution of whole pile more even, reduces or greatly reduces or avoids the pile to have the antipole phenomenon that probably appears to further promote fuel cell's safety and efficiency. The mesh number of the mesh screen is preferably 50-400 meshes; the number of stacked layers or the number of layers of the mesh screen is preferably 1-6; preferably, the total number of mesh screen arrangements in the stack should be at least 1 and up to N.
In the above structure, the external connection pipe 8 is used as a joint for external connection, and the position of the external connection pipe corresponds to the position of the main flow passage. The plurality of external connecting pipes can be arranged on the same end plate at the same time or distributed to two end plates at two ends; the external connection pipe can be a threaded joint or other joints, such as a butt-joint welding joint or a quick-connection joint (such as various quick-connection joints like a pagoda insert pipe type joint), the mesh screen is arranged at the external connection pipe, the flow in the electric pile can be uniformly distributed, the flow distribution of the whole electric pile is more uniform, the possible reverse pole phenomenon of the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved.
Preferably, a current collecting plate 6 is arranged between each end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, a wiring body 61 for power output is formed on the current collecting plate, the current collecting plate and the end plate are insulated from each other, and the current collecting plate and the fuel cell unit are electrically conducted with each other. The current collecting plate is generally processed into a required shape by a metal copper plate, the structure of the current collecting plate is divided into a current collecting surface and a wiring body, the current collecting surface is used for being in contact with a bipolar plate (such as a graphite polar plate) of the electric pile to collect current of the electric pile, and the wiring body is used for being connected with an external lead to supply power to a load. The wiring body can be made of metal (such as copper) or non-metal material (such as graphite, graphene and the like), or composite metal material (such as gold, silver, copper and the like), or non-metal and metal composite material or different non-metal composite material.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the cathode reaction flow field includes a main reaction flow field 211 located in the middle and two guide flow fields 212 located at two ends of the main reaction flow field, each guide flow field includes a plurality of guide flow channels, one guide flow field communicates with the first main flow channel of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, the other guide flow field communicates with the second main flow channel of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, and the plurality of guide flow channels of at least one guide flow field are radial in shape that they diverge from the first main flow channel of the cathode or the second main flow channel of the cathode. As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 2, a plurality of guide flow channels of one guide flow field are radial from the cathode first fuel slot as a starting point to the main reaction flow field. And a plurality of diversion flow channels of the other diversion flow field are in a radial shape which takes the cathode second fuel notch as a starting point and diverges towards the main reaction flow field. But not limited thereto, in other embodiments only one of the guide flow fields may be designed to radiate from the corresponding fuel slot to the main reaction flow field. Therefore, by improving the diversion flow field structure on the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile polar plate, the diversion flow field is designed to be in a radial shape which is diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the main flow channel as a starting point, so that the diversion flow field can also be used as an important component of the cathode reaction flow field, the diversion flow field also participates in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field, the fuel can be fully distributed on the whole cathode reaction flow field, and the fuel entering the reaction field completely participates in the electrochemical combustion reaction, thereby not only effectively improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the main reaction flow field of the electric pile reaction field, but also effectively clearing some reaction dead zones or reaction dead corners possibly existing in the electric pile reaction field, and further improving the overall reaction efficiency of the electric pile.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the flow guide flow field includes a primary flow guide flow field 2121 and a secondary flow guide flow field 2122 which are communicated with each other, the primary flow guide flow field is in a radial shape which diverges from the first main flow channel of the cathode or the second main flow channel of the cathode to the main reaction flow field, and the secondary flow guide flow field is composed of a plurality of column points 210 which are arranged in an array shape. The flow guiding flow field is designed to comprise a primary flow guiding flow field and a secondary flow guiding flow field which are communicated with each other, and the primary flow guiding flow field is in a radial shape which is diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the main flow channel as a starting point, so that the flow guiding flow field can also be used as an important component of the cathode reaction flow field, and the flow guiding flow field can also participate in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field. The secondary diversion flow field of the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile is designed to be composed of a plurality of column points which are arranged in an array shape, the arrangement of the column points can increase airflow disturbance, increase the supporting area of mea, reduce contact resistance, promote gas exchange, further increase the wetting area of mass transfer and reduce the wetting angle of the mass transfer, thereby effectively improving the mass transfer efficiency in combustion reaction, further improving the combustion reaction efficiency of the electric pile and being beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell. Preferably, the device is designed to be cylindrical or curved surface cylindrical, for example, the stagnation point can be different shapes such as a cylinder, a hemisphere or a segment of a sphere, a truncated cone, a regular or irregular polygonal frustum and the like; the shape of the top surface of the stagnation point can be different top surface shapes such as a plane, a spherical surface or an arc transition surface; preferably, the planes formed by the topmost positions of the stagnation points on the shunt channels formed by the arrangement of the stagnation points are all on the same plane, the heights of the stagnation points are equal, and the plane of the topmost position of the stagnation point is parallel to the reference plane of the electrode stack plate. As a preferred embodiment, the two diversion flow fields are designed to include a primary diversion flow field 2121 and a secondary diversion flow field 2122 which are communicated with each other in this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, only one diversion flow field may be designed to include a primary diversion flow field and a secondary diversion flow field which are communicated with each other, and the other diversion flow field is not divided into two stages.
Preferably, a flow channel ridge 214 is formed between two adjacent guide flow channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes for communicating the two adjacent guide flow channels are formed in the flow channel ridge. Therefore, the flow mode of the fluid in each flow guide channel presents the rolling characteristics of longitudinal and transverse movement and fluctuation, and the fluids can mutually impact, so that the fluid is very easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of lower Raif number, the turbulent flow can accelerate the mass transfer rate of electrochemical reaction and reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the combustion reaction of the pile and effectively improving the power generation performance or power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Preferably, as an embodiment of the main reaction flow field, referring to fig. 3, the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction x, the first direction is a connection direction of one end of the feed port and one end of the discharge port of the stack plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or serpentine flow channels.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2 and 4, as another embodiment of the main reaction flow field, the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction y, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to a connection line between one end of the feed inlet and one end of the discharge outlet of the stack plate; the sub-runners are folding ruler-shaped runners or snake-shaped runners; each of the sub-runners is a region between two ridges 220 extending along the second direction, and a plurality of channels 230 are formed at intervals on each ridge. In this way, the main reaction flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are parallel to each other by improving the flow channel structure of the main reaction flow field of the electric pile pole plate, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction, the second direction is a direction which is vertical to a connecting line of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the electric pile pole plate, the sub-flow channels are designed to be ruler-shaped flow channels or snake-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of channels are arranged on two ridges which form each sub-flow channel and extend along the second direction at intervals; the flow mode of the fluid in the flow channel can present the rolling characteristics of longitudinal, transverse and fluctuating, and the fluid can mutually impact, thus, the fluid is very easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of lower Raif number, the turbulent flow can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the combustion reaction of the pile, and effectively improving the power generation performance or power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the channels on two adjacent ridges are staggered from each other in a direction z perpendicular to the sub-channels. Therefore, the fluids in the flow channel can mutually impact and wind, so that a turbulent flow state is easily obtained, the turbulent flow can accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction and reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, the reaction efficiency of the combustion reaction of the pile is further improved, and the power generation performance or power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is effectively improved.
Preferably, the shape of the diversion flow field is triangular, trapezoidal or chordal. For example, as a preferred embodiment, the triangular diversion flow field uses the main reaction flow field as a right-angle side, uses one side of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as another right-angle side, and uses a connection line of the main flow channel and the other side of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as a hypotenuse. The trapezoidal diversion flow field takes the main reaction flow field as a lower bottom edge, takes the main flow channel as a starting point, takes the part extending along the second direction y as an upper bottom edge, and takes one edge of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as a height; the chord-shaped flow guiding flow field takes the main reaction flow field as the chord length. The lengths of the plurality of sub-flow channels of the main reaction flow field may be equal, but may also be unequal; preferably, the ridge heights of the secondary guide flow channels are equal; preferably, the ridge height dimension is 0.05-2.5 mm; the geometry formed by the sub-runner ridges or the sub-runner bottoms may be flat, rounded, or rounded off.
Preferably, be provided with performance detection socket 9 on the pile polar plate, temperature detection socket, flow detection socket, pressure operating mode detection socket that performance detection socket includes. Therefore, the reaction temperature of the galvanic pile is monitored on line from time to time, the monitored reaction temperature is timely transmitted to an automatic control heat exchange system outside the galvanic pile through an external control communication system of the galvanic pile, the reaction temperature of the galvanic pile can be always kept at the optimal working condition, and the galvanic pile is always in the working condition with the optimal combustion reaction efficiency. The flow of the electrode plate of the galvanic pile is monitored on line from time to time, the supply flow of the fuel of the galvanic pile is transmitted to a flow automatic control system outside the galvanic pile in time through a galvanic pile external control communication system and is adjusted, and the galvanic pile can be always in the working condition with the optimal combustion reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the working voltage of the galvanic pile is monitored online all the time, and when abnormal reverse voltage occurs to the working voltage, emergency treatment for ensuring the safety of the battery can be rapidly carried out in the first time through an automatic safety protection control system outside the galvanic pile, so that the safety of the battery operation is ensured. Preferably, a performance detection socket 8 is arranged on each pile electrode plate, and the shape of the performance detection socket can be a slot socket, a circular socket, a square or rectangular socket, or a socket with other shapes. Preferably, set up pressure operating mode detection socket in the middle part to outer connecting tube, along the length direction of galvanic pile, the quantity that the pressure operating mode detection socket of galvanic pile set up is 3 at least, and it is n to reach.
The fuel cell stack of the invention can adopt hydrogen, methane, hexane, methanol and other hydrogen-rich compounds as main fuel; the fuel may be a gaseous or liquid or solid fluid.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various changes and modifications to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising two end plates (1) and a plurality of fuel cell units arranged between the two end plates in a stacked mode, wherein each fuel cell unit comprises two stack pole plates (2) and a membrane electrode assembly (3) clamped between the two stack pole plates, one stack pole plate is provided with a cathode reaction flow field (21) facing the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel notch (22) communicated with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field and a cathode second fuel notch (23) communicated with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, and the other stack pole plate is provided with an anode reaction flow field facing the membrane resistance assembly, an anode first fuel notch communicated with the inlet of the anode reaction flow field and an anode second fuel notch communicated with the outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the cathode first fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode first main flow channel, and the cathode second fuel notches of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a cathode second main flow channel; the first fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a first main anode channel, and the second fuel notches of the anodes of the fuel battery units are opposite and communicated to form a second main anode channel; external connecting pipes (8) respectively corresponding to the cathode first main flow passage, the cathode second main flow passage, the anode first main flow passage and the anode second main flow passage are arranged on the end plates; a mesh screen (4) is arranged in at least one of the first cathode main flow passage, the second cathode main flow passage, the first anode main flow passage, the second anode main flow passage and the external connection pipe or/and a perforated pipe (5) is arranged in at least one of the first cathode main flow passage, the second cathode main flow passage, the first anode main flow passage and the second anode main flow passage.
2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipe wall of the porous pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes (51) which are arrayed and uniformly distributed.
3. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mesh screen in at least one of the cathode first main flow passage, the cathode second main flow passage, the anode first main flow passage and the anode second main flow passage is arranged along the radial direction of the flow passage or/and along the inner wall of the flow passage.
4. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the perforated pipe are/is provided with a mesh screen.
5. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: every be equipped with current collector plate (6) between the end plate and its adjacent fuel cell unit, be formed with wiring body (61) that are used for electric power output on the current collector plate, the current collector plate with mutual insulation between the end plate, the current collector plate with mutual electric conduction between the fuel cell unit.
6. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode reaction flow field includes main reaction flow field (211) that is located the middle part and is located two water conservancy diversion flow fields (212) at main reaction flow field both ends, every water conservancy diversion flow field includes a plurality of water conservancy diversion runners (213), one water conservancy diversion flow field intercommunication the first fuel notch of cathode with main reaction flow field, another water conservancy diversion flow field intercommunication the second fuel notch of cathode with main reaction flow field, at least one a plurality of water conservancy diversion runners of water conservancy diversion flow field are with the first fuel notch of cathode or the second fuel notch of cathode is the radial that the starting point was dispersed to main reaction flow field.
7. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized in that: the flow guide flow field comprises a primary flow guide flow field (2121) and a secondary flow guide flow field (2122) which are communicated with each other, the primary flow guide flow field is in a radial shape which is diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the cathode first fuel notch or the cathode second fuel notch as a starting point, and the secondary flow guide flow field is composed of a plurality of column points (210) which are arranged in an array shape.
8. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: a flow channel ridge (214) is formed between every two adjacent flow guide flow channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes communicated with the two adjacent flow guide flow channels are formed in the flow channel ridge.
9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized in that: the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction (x), the first direction is a connecting line direction of one end of a feed port and one end of a discharge port of the electric pile polar plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or snake-shaped flow channels.
10. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, characterized in that: the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field is composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are parallel to each other, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction (y), and the second direction is a direction which is perpendicular to a connecting line of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the electric pile polar plate; the sub-runners are folding ruler-shaped runners or snake-shaped runners; each sub-runner is an area between two ridges (220) extending along the second direction, and a plurality of channels (230) are formed on each ridge at intervals.
11. The fuel cell stack according to claim 10, characterized in that: the channels on two adjacent ridges are staggered with each other in a direction (z) perpendicular to the sub-runners.
12. The fuel cell stack according to claim 7, characterized in that: the diversion flow field is triangular, trapezoidal or chordal.
13. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: sealing isolation gaskets (7) are arranged between two electric pile pole plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, and the sealing isolation gaskets and membrane electrode assemblies between the two electric pile pole plates form an assembly.
14. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: be provided with performance detection socket (9) on the pile polar plate, performance detection socket includes temperature detection socket, flow detection socket, pressure operating mode detection socket.
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| CN202111205957.6A CN113948734B (en) | 2021-10-16 | 2021-10-16 | fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116885226A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2023-10-13 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Polar plate composite runner of hydrogen fuel cell |
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