CN113940349A - 一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂 - Google Patents
一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是关于一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂及其对膜下滴灌加工番茄的除草方法，其加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂由由精‑异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂混合而得，其中所述的精‑异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂的体积重量比为51.4‑85.7ml:115.5‑148.5g:252.8‑328.1ml:4.1‑5.5ml。本发明的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂在播种前一次性喷施于地表，然后整地、铺膜、播种，该播前除草剂对膜下滴灌加工番茄的除草效果高于80％，且不会对膜下滴灌番茄的生长发育产生抑制作用，不易引发药害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种除草剂，特别是涉及一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂。
背景技术
随着西部大开发战略的实施和加入WTO，我国农业产业化和市场化的进程在加快。围绕着新疆特色农产品资源深加工的农业产业化项目已成为新疆特色经济的主体，其中被称作新疆“红色产业”的番茄加工业，无论产量、品质，还是竞争力，不仅在全国，而且在世界市场上都有明显的优势。新疆番茄产业经过15年的发展，已经形成产业化、规模化生产。番茄产业的迅速发展，为活跃新疆经济，转化资源优势，增加农民收入提供了契机。但是新疆的番茄产业主要以初加工产品为主，产品科技含量和附加值不高，产业链较短，并且受制于国际、国内市场，比较优势没有真正转化为竞争优势。如何提高番茄产品的科技含量，增加其附加值，延长红色产业链，增强番茄产业的竞争优势，培育其核心竞争力，并带动相关行业发展是函待关注和解决的问题。加工番茄田中的杂草种类较多，其中危害严重的杂草主要有：灰绿藜、反枝苋、苍耳、龙葵、蒲公英等阔叶杂草和稗草、狗尾草等禾本科杂草，单双子叶杂草混合发生，且主要杂草根系庞大，适应性强，繁殖快，传播广，寿命长，如不及时防除，容易与番茄争阳光、肥水和滋生病虫害，危害性强，可造成大量减产。杂草对加工番茄丰产构成直接危害，目前农户在番茄生长期间需要多次进行人工除草。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于，提供一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，所要解决的技术问题是使其有效去除田间杂草，且不易引发药害，从而更加适于实用。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。依据本发明提出的一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，该加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，由精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂混合而得，其中所述的精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂的体积重量比为 51.4-85.7ml:115.5-148.5g:252.8-328.1ml:4.1-5.5ml。
前述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其中所述的有机溶剂为苯、甲苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或几种。
优选的，前述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其中所述的精-异丙甲草胺最佳量为68.6ml/667m2。
优选的，前述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其中所述的二甲戊灵的最佳用量为132g/667m2。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下的技术方案来实现。依据本发明提出的一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂对膜下滴灌番茄的除草方法，将所述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂在膜下滴灌加工番茄播种前一次性喷洒在土壤表面,然后整地、铺膜、播种。
基于上述技术方案，本发明加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂及其对膜下滴灌加工番茄的除草方法至少具有下列优点：本发明的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂对膜下滴灌番茄的除草效果高于80％，且不会对膜下滴灌番茄的生长发育产生抑制作用，不易引发药害。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例详细说明如后。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂及其对膜下滴灌加工番茄的除草方法其具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构、或特点可由任何合适形式组合。
实施例1
实施例1中的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂由以下组分组成：
上述的有机溶剂为苯、甲苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或几种。
实施例2
实施例2中的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂由以下组分组成：
上述的有机溶剂为苯。
实施例3
实施例3中的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂由以下组分组成：
上述的有机溶剂为甲苯。
实施例4
实施例4中的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂由以下组分组成：
上述的有机溶剂为二氯甲烷。
实施例5
本发明的一个实施例提出的一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其包括：
一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，由精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂混合而得，其中精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂的体积重量比为68.6ml:132g:290.4ml:4.8ml。
有机溶剂为苯、甲苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或几种。
精-异丙甲草胺纯品为无色液体，比重为1.12(水＝1)，精-异丙甲草胺乳油(960g/L)是选择性芽前除草剂，主要通过萌发杂草的芽鞘、幼芽吸收而发挥杀草作用。主要用于玉米、大豆、花生、甘蔗，也可用于非砂性土壤的棉花、油菜、马铃薯和洋葱、辣椒、甘蓝等作物，防治一年生杂草和某些阔叶杂草。
二甲戊灵纯品的比重为1.1358(水＝1)，二甲戊灵乳油(330g/L)为选择性芽前芽后旱田除草剂，杂草通过幼芽、茎和根吸收药剂。
本发明的一个实施例提出一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂对膜下滴灌加工番茄的除草方法，试验地位于新疆农八师石河子145团天业农业研究所院内，海拔300-500m，无霜期为168-171d，0℃及以上的活动积温为4023-4118℃，10℃及以上的活动积温为3570-3729℃，年降水量110-200mm，年蒸发量1000-1500 mm。土壤质地为壤土。试验地采用膜下滴灌栽培技术，采用1.05m膜宽，一膜两管四行，播幅1.40m，行距配置20cm+40cm+20cm+60cm，机械铺膜后人工点播，播种量150g/亩，播深1-2cm，株距30cm，每穴播1-3粒。本试验选用的供试水稻品种为石番42号。
表1膜下滴灌番茄播前除草剂试验配比处理
其中精-异丙甲草胺乳油与二甲戊灵乳油两种乳油均含有10ml/L乳化剂，有机溶剂为苯、甲苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或几种，精-异丙甲草胺乳油中有效成分精-异丙甲草胺的含量为960g/L，二甲戊灵乳油中有效成分二甲戊灵的含量为 330g/L。
在前面几年对大量除草剂单品和混合物(两种或两种以上单品按常用量进行组合)进行筛查的基础上，于2019年对其中除草效果较好的组合进行配比试验，各处理亩施药量见表1，采用小型精细喷雾器，在播种前将两种乳油按一定比例混合后，加入水(亩用水量为15kg/667m2)中后均匀喷施在地面，然后整地、铺膜、播种。配比试验于2019年4月15日喷施药剂，施药时天气晴好，无风、气温正常，施药后5d内无降雨。施药后5、15、20d分别目测加工番茄的生长情况，观察是否有药害现象发生。喷施药剂后20、40d各调查杂草防效 1次，每小区对角线取样调查4点，每点1m2，记录杂草株数，药后40d测定鲜重。统计除草效果。防效计算方法如下:
防除效果＝[(CK－PT)/CK]×100％
式中:PT表示处理区残存草数(或鲜重)，CK表示空白对照区活草数(或鲜重)。
表2膜下滴灌番茄播前除草剂部分试验结果
从表2的除草效果数据可以看出，处理9(即精-异丙甲草胺乳油80ml/667m2 +二甲戊灵乳油400ml/667m2的处理)的防除效果最佳，对三种加工番茄膜下滴灌栽培时的常见杂草的防除效果分别达到了75.61％、78.25％、91.67％，平均达到了81.84％。
经过计算，处理9中，精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂的体积重量比为68.6ml:132g:290.4ml:4.8ml。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其特征在于，由精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂混合而得，其中所述的精-异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、有机溶剂及乳化剂的体积重量比为51.4-85.7ml:115.5-148.5g:252.8-328.1ml:4.1-5.5ml。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其特征在于，所述的精-异丙甲草胺最优选为68.6ml/667m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其特征在于，所述的二甲戊灵最优选为132g/667m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加工番茄膜下滴灌播前除草剂，其特征在于，所述的有机溶剂为苯、甲苯和二氯甲烷中的一种或几种。
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| CN103271028A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-04 | 北京燕化永乐农药有限公司 | 一种复配除草剂 |
| CN111248202A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 商都县科技特派员工作站 | 直播甜菜田土壤封闭用除草剂及使用方法 |
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| CN103271028A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-04 | 北京燕化永乐农药有限公司 | 一种复配除草剂 |
| CN111248202A (zh) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 商都县科技特派员工作站 | 直播甜菜田土壤封闭用除草剂及使用方法 |
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