CN113937976B - Mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder and control method - Google Patents
Mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113937976B CN113937976B CN202111281025.XA CN202111281025A CN113937976B CN 113937976 B CN113937976 B CN 113937976B CN 202111281025 A CN202111281025 A CN 202111281025A CN 113937976 B CN113937976 B CN 113937976B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
- H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
- H02K49/046—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with an axial airgap
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/108—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with an axial air gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/104—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with eddy-current brakes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder, which comprises a retarder, wherein the retarder comprises a left braking unit, a left retarder stator of the left braking unit is provided with a plurality of left stator magnetic poles, the right end of each left stator magnetic pole is a left stator magnetic shoe, the left braking unit and the right braking unit are symmetrically arranged, the magnetic poles on the adjacent left stator magnetic shoes are opposite in direction, and the magnetic poles of the left stator magnetic poles are opposite to the symmetrical right stator magnetic poles; the retarder is characterized in that retarder left permanent magnets are fixed in gaps between two adjacent left stator magnetic shoes, the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are arranged along the circumferential direction, a rotor of a generator is arranged on the retarder rotor, the stator of the generator is fixed on the left retarder stator and the right retarder stator, when the electric vortex retarder does not work, a magnetic field does not pass through the retarder rotor, when the electric vortex retarder works, the magnetic fields of the magnetic shoes on two sides and the permanent magnets on two sides all pass through the retarder rotor, and the braking performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of auxiliary braking of automobiles, and relates to a mixed excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type electric vortex retarder which is used for carrying out auxiliary braking on automobiles by cutting magnetic force lines generated by coils and permanent magnets through a rotor rotating at a high speed to generate vortex braking moment according to an vortex braking principle.
Background
When the electric eddy current retarder is used as an auxiliary braking device of an automobile, after direct current is introduced into a retarder coil during operation, a magnetic field is established between a stator and a rotor around the coil, the rotor cuts magnetic force lines emitted by the stator to generate eddy currents, and a reverse magnetic field formed by the eddy currents interacts with an original magnetic field to generate braking force, so that eddy current braking is realized.
The electric vortex retarder has a simple structure and high work response speed, can act within 0.1-0.2 seconds, and can timely share part of braking power, but compared with the permanent magnet retarder, the electric vortex retarder has smaller braking power density and large power consumption. Although the permanent magnet retarder has high braking power density and basically consumes no electric energy, the permanent magnet retarder mainly depends on an air cylinder to push a magnet block to control the retarder to work, the control structure is complex, and the difficulty of control is increased due to the constant magnetic characteristic of the permanent magnet material. Therefore, the mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder system can give consideration to the advantages of the eddy current retarder and the permanent magnet retarder, exert excellent braking performance, save energy and reduce the volumes of the retarder and the generator. In the heat dissipation mode, the heat dissipation mode of internal liquid cooling and external condenser circulation is adopted, so that the problems of heat fading of the braking performance of the eddy current retarder and ablation of the exciting coil are overcome. In the power supply mode, a permanent magnet synchronous generator in the retarder is used for supplying power to the exciting coil of the retarder, so that additional energy consumption caused by braking of the eddy current retarder can be effectively avoided. In the control mode, the battery state SOC, the vehicle speed V and the gear information G of the speed reducer are continuously detected, meanwhile, the battery is controlled to be charged and discharged, and a part of high-power electric energy generated by the permanent magnet synchronous generator at a high speed is stored in the battery, so that the defect that the permanent magnet synchronous generator is insufficient in power supply to an exciting coil of the electric vortex retarder at a low speed is overcome, and the self-excitation electric vortex retarder without external power supply is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing retarder structure, and provides a mixed excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder, wherein the magnetic field generated by stator magnetic shoes of stator magnetic poles arranged on two sides of a retarder rotor is opposite in direction, permanent magnets are arranged between adjacent stator magnetic shoes on the same side, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are arranged along the circumferential direction, the magnetic poles of the adjacent permanent magnets on the same side are opposite in direction, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets on two sides which are symmetrical with respect to the retarder rotor are opposite in direction.
The invention is realized by the following scheme: the mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder comprises a retarder, a generator, an electric control unit and a battery, wherein the retarder comprises a left braking unit, a right braking unit and a retarder rotor 4, the left braking unit comprises a left retarder excitation coil group 5, a left retarder stator 6 and a retarder left permanent magnet, the left retarder stator 6 is disc-shaped, the left end of the left retarder stator 6 is provided with a left stator cover plate 603, the edge of the left stator cover plate 603 is provided with a plurality of left stator magnetic poles 602 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the left stator magnetic poles 602 are horizontally arranged along the left-right direction, the left stator magnetic poles 602 are wound on the left retarder excitation coil group 5 at the middle part, the right end of the left stator magnetic poles 602 is provided with a left stator magnetic shoe 601, the left braking unit and the right braking unit are symmetrically arranged about the retarder rotor 4, the center hole of the retarder rotor 4 is fixed on a transmission shaft 9 of an automobile, the directions of magnetic poles generated on the adjacent left stator magnetic shoes 601 are opposite, and the magnetic poles of the left stator magnetic poles 602 are symmetrically opposite to the magnetic poles of the right stator magnetic poles 602 about the rotor 4;
the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2 of the right brake unit are respectively connected with the electric control unit 12 through circuits;
the left permanent magnets of the retarder are fixed in the gaps between the two adjacent left stator magnetic shoes 601, the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are arranged along the circumferential direction of the left retarder stator 6, the magnetic poles of the two adjacent left permanent magnets are oppositely arranged, and the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are opposite to the magnetic pole directions of the right permanent magnets 14 of the retarder of the right braking unit symmetrical about the retarder rotor 4;
the retarder rotor 4 is provided with a rotor of a generator, a stator of the generator is fixed on the left retarder stator 6 and the right retarder stator 1, an output end of the generator is connected with the electric control unit 12 through a circuit, and the electric control unit 12 is connected with the battery 13 through a circuit.
Preferably, the generator include left side generator, right side generator, left side generator, right side generator about retarder rotor 4 bilateral symmetry set up, left side generator include left side generator stator, left side generator permanent magnet 16, retarder rotor 4 be bilateral symmetry's structure, retarder rotor 4 middle part is provided with left annular chamber 401 that stretches out left, left annular chamber 401 and retarder rotor 4 coaxial setting, be fixed with a plurality of left side generator permanent magnet 16 on the inside wall of left annular chamber 401, left side generator permanent magnet 16 equipartition sets up along the circumferencial direction of annular chamber 401, the annular chamber 401 inboard is provided with left side generator stator, left side generator stator is fixed on left side retarder stator 6, right side generator stator is fixed on right side retarder stator 1, the left side generator winding of left side generator stator is connected with electronic control unit 12 through the circuit, the right side generator winding of right side generator is connected with electronic control unit 12 through the circuit.
Preferably, the left end and the right end of the connecting shell 3 are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end of the left retarder stator 6 and the right end of the right retarder stator 1 of the right braking unit, the connecting shell 3 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet and an inlet, the cooling liquid outlet and the inlet are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of a condenser through pipelines, and the condenser is fixed on the frame.
Preferably, the clearance between the left stator magnetic shoe 601 and the retarder rotor 4 in the axial direction and the clearance between the right stator magnetic shoe of the right brake unit and the retarder rotor 4 in the axial direction are all 1mm.
Preferably, when the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder is not braked, the electric control unit 12 controls the left generator winding of the left generator and the right generator winding 15 of the right generator to be disconnected from the electric control unit 12, and neither the left generator nor the right generator supplies power to the left retarder excitation coil assembly 5 and the right retarder excitation coil assembly 2 of the retarder and the battery 13.
Preferably, the left retarder stator 6, the right retarder stator 1 of the right brake unit are fixed on the frame.
Preferably, the generator is a permanent magnet synchronous generator.
Preferably, the control method of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder comprises the following steps of:
step one, an electric control unit detects gear information G of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder, and when G is smaller than or equal to a set gear G0;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is smaller than or equal to the set speed V0, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil assembly 5 and the right retarder excitation coil assembly 2 of the right brake unit;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is greater than or equal to the set speed V0, if the SOC of the battery 13 is less than or equal to 0.90, the electric control unit 12 controls the electric energy generated by the electric generator to supply power to the left-side retarder excitation coil assembly 5 and the right-side retarder excitation coil assembly 2 and also charge the battery 13 at the same time, and if the SOC of the battery 13 is greater than 0.90, the electric control unit 12 controls the electric generator to supply power to the left-side retarder excitation coil assembly 5 and the right-side retarder excitation coil assembly 2 and not charge the battery 13;
step two, when the gear information G is larger than the set gear G0:
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is smaller than or equal to the set speed V0 and the SOC of the battery 13 is larger than 0.30, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator and the battery 13 to simultaneously supply power to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2; when the SOC of the battery 13 is smaller than 0.30, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2, and the battery 13 does not supply power;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is greater than the set speed V0, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2.
Preferably, when the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder performs braking operation, the electronic control unit 12 detects the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9, the gear information G of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder and the SOC value of the battery 13 once every 0.1 seconds.
The invention relates to a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder and a control method thereof, which have the main advantages that:
the technical scheme of the invention has compact structure, the generator is arranged in the retarder and is connected with the electric control unit, the electric control unit is connected with the battery, the generator supplies power to the excitation coil group of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder while playing a role in braking, a self-excitation braking mode is realized, redundant electric energy is stored in the battery, and when the gear of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder is high and the speed is low, the battery and the generator simultaneously supply power to the excitation coil group, so that the braking performance is improved; the left retarder stator of the left braking unit is provided with a plurality of left stator magnetic poles along the circumferential direction, the right end of each left stator magnetic pole is provided with a left stator magnetic shoe, the left braking unit and the right braking unit are symmetrically arranged left and right, the magnetic poles on the adjacent left stator magnetic shoes are opposite in direction, and the magnetic poles of the left stator magnetic shoes are opposite to the right stator magnetic shoes which are symmetrical with respect to the retarder rotor; the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are opposite to the magnetic pole directions of the side permanent magnets which are symmetrical to the retarder rotor, so that when the combined excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder does not work, a magnetic field is closed without passing through the retarder rotor, and when the combined excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder works, the magnetic fields of the magnetic shoes on two sides of the retarder rotor and the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets on two sides pass through the retarder rotor, and the braking performance is improved; the connecting shell is provided with a cooling liquid outlet and an inlet, the cooling liquid outlet and the inlet are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the condenser through pipelines, the condenser is fixed on the frame, and the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder system adopts an internal liquid cooling and external circulation heat dissipation mode, so that the phenomena of loss of magnetism of a left permanent magnet of the retarder and a right permanent magnet of the retarder and ablation of an excitation coil set of the left retarder and an excitation coil set of the right retarder are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention discloses an overall structure schematic diagram of a mixed excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
Fig. 2: the invention discloses a retarder right permanent magnet magnetic pole arrangement structure schematic diagram of a right stator.
Fig. 3: the invention discloses a rotor three-dimensional diagram of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
Fig. 4: the invention relates to a front view of a rotor of a hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
Fig. 5: the invention relates to a magnetic circuit diagram of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder in working.
Fig. 6: the invention relates to a magnetic circuit diagram of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder when the retarder does not work.
Fig. 7: the invention discloses a control flow chart of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
Reference numerals: the motor comprises a 1-right retarder stator, a 2-right retarder excitation coil set, a 3-connection shell, a 4-retarder rotor, a 5-left retarder excitation coil set, a 6-left retarder stator, 601-left stator magnetic shoes, 602-left stator magnetic poles, 603-left stator cover plates, a 7-left permanent magnet synchronous generator, 8-splines, 9-automobile transmission shafts, 10-dynamic seals, 11-right permanent magnet synchronous generators, 12-electronic control units, 13-batteries, 14-retarder right permanent magnets, 15-right generator windings and 16-left generator permanent magnets.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to fig. 1-7, and the mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type electric eddy current retarder comprises a retarder, a generator, an electric control unit and a battery, wherein the retarder comprises a left braking unit, a right braking unit, a retarder rotor 4 and a connecting shell 3, the left braking unit comprises a left retarder excitation coil group 5, a left retarder stator 6 and a retarder left permanent magnet, the retarder stator 6 is disc-shaped, the left end of the retarder stator 6 is provided with a left stator cover plate 603, a plurality of left stator magnetic poles 602 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are arranged at the edge of the left stator cover plate 603, the left stator magnetic poles 602 are horizontally arranged along the left-right direction, the middle part of the left stator magnetic poles 602 is wound with a left stator excitation coil group 5, the right end of the left stator magnetic poles 602 is provided with a left stator magnetic shoe 601, the left braking unit and the right braking unit are symmetrically arranged on the left side of the retarder rotor 4, the center hole of the retarder rotor 4 is arranged on the left side of the automobile transmission shaft 9, the left stator magnetic poles 602 are fixed on the left stator magnetic poles 602 and the left stator magnetic poles 602, and the left stator magnetic poles 602 are opposite to the left stator magnetic poles 602 are symmetrically arranged on the left stator magnetic poles 602, and the left stator magnetic poles 602 are opposite to the left stator magnetic poles 602. The left retarder excitation coil assembly 5 and the right retarder excitation coil assembly 2 of the right brake unit are respectively connected with the electric control unit 12 through circuits.
The left permanent magnets of the retarder are fixed in the gaps between the two adjacent left stator magnetic shoes 601, the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are perpendicular to the radial direction of the left retarder stator 6, namely, the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are along the circumferential direction of the left retarder stator 6, the magnetic poles of the two adjacent left permanent magnets are oppositely arranged, and the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are oppositely arranged with the magnetic pole directions of the right permanent magnets 14 of the retarder of the right braking unit symmetrical with respect to the retarder rotor 4, namely, the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are opposite to the magnetic pole directions of the right permanent magnets 14 of the retarder symmetrical with respect to the retarder rotor 4.
The electric generator include left side generator, right side generator, left side generator, right side generator about retarder rotor 4 bilateral symmetry set up, left side generator include left side generator stator, left side generator permanent magnet 16, retarder rotor 4 be bilateral symmetry's structure, retarder rotor 4 middle part is provided with left annular chamber 401 that stretches out left, left annular chamber 401 and retarder rotor 4 coaxial setting are fixed with a plurality of left side generator permanent magnet 16 on the inside wall of left annular chamber 401, left side generator permanent magnet 16 sets up along the circumferencial direction equipartition of annular chamber 401, annular chamber 401 inboard is provided with left side generator stator. The left generator stator is fixed on the left retarder stator 6, the left generator winding of the left generator stator is connected with the electric control unit 12 through a circuit, and the right generator winding of the right generator is connected with the electric control unit 12 through a circuit.
The electric control unit 12 is connected with the battery 13 through a circuit, and the battery 13 is fixed on the frame.
The generator is a permanent magnet synchronous generator.
The left retarder stator 6 and the right retarder stator 1 of the right brake unit are fixed on the frame.
The left end and the right end of the connecting shell 3 are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end of the left retarder stator 6 and the right end of the right retarder stator 1 of the right braking unit, the connecting shell 3 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet and a cooling liquid inlet, the cooling liquid outlet and the cooling liquid inlet are connected with a condenser through pipelines, and the condenser is fixed on a frame to realize the cooling of the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
The gap between the left stator magnetic shoe 601 and the axial direction of the retarder rotor 4 and the gap between the right stator magnetic shoe and the axial direction of the retarder rotor 4 are all 1mm.
The driver adjusts the exciting current of the left-side retarder exciting coil assembly 5 and the right-side retarder exciting coil assembly 2 according to the road condition control electronic control unit 12 to control the braking moment of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder.
When the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder does not need braking, the electric control unit 12 controls the left generator winding of the left generator and the right generator winding 15 of the right generator to be disconnected with the electric control unit 12, and power cannot be supplied to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2 of the retarder and the battery 13.
When the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder does not need to be braked, a magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet 14 on the right side of the retarder forms a closed magnetic circuit through a right stator magnetic shoe fixedly connected with one side of the magnetic field, a right stator magnetic pole, a right stator cover plate of the right retarder stator 1 and a right stator magnetic pole fixedly connected with the other side of the right permanent magnet 14, at the moment, the magnetic field does not pass through the retarder rotor 4, the magnetic field distribution is as shown in fig. 5, and at the moment, the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder does not generate braking torque.
When the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excited eddy current retarder is braked, the left generator winding of the left generator and the right generator winding 15 of the right generator are connected with the electric control unit 12 in a passage way, the left generator and the right generator generate electricity, the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2 are electrified, the magnetic field passes through a first left stator pole 602, a first left stator pole piece 601 corresponding to the first left stator pole 602, a left air gap, a retarder rotor 4, a right air gap, a first right stator pole piece symmetrical to the retarder rotor 4 on the right side of the first left stator pole 602, a first right stator pole, a right stator cover plate, a second right stator pole adjacent to the first right stator pole piece, a second right stator pole piece corresponding to the second right stator pole piece, a right air gap, a retarder rotor 4, a left air gap, and a second right stator pole piece symmetrical to the retarder rotor 4 on the left stator pole piece, a second left stator pole piece 601 corresponding to the second right stator pole piece, a left stator pole piece 603 corresponding to the second right stator pole piece 602, a right magnetic circuit board, meanwhile, the magnetic field generated by the left permanent magnet of the retarder is forced to form a closed magnetic circuit through a first left stator magnetic shoe 601, a left air gap, a retarder rotor 4, a right air gap, a first right stator magnetic shoe, a retarder right permanent magnet symmetrical to the left permanent magnet of the retarder relative to the retarder rotor 4, a second right stator magnetic shoe, a first right stator magnetic shoe, a right air gap, the retarder rotor 4, a left air gap and a second left stator magnetic shoe 601, the magnetic field distribution of which is shown in figure 6, at this time, the retarder rotor 4 cuts magnetic lines of force of the first left stator magnetic shoe 601 and the first right stator magnetic shoe, the second right stator magnetic shoe and the second left stator magnetic shoe 601, thereby generating braking torque.
The invention discloses a control method of a hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, the electronic control unit detects gear information G of the mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder, and when G is smaller than or equal to a set gear G0, for example, 2 gears:
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is smaller than or equal to a set speed V0, for example, 20rpm, the power of the generator is low, and the retarder needs to be excited with small current, so that the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2 of the right brake unit, namely, to supply power to the retarder;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is greater than or equal to the set speed V0, if the SOC of the battery 13 is less than or equal to 0.90, the power of the generator is high at the moment, and the exciting currents required by the left retarder exciting coil group 5 and the right retarder exciting coil group 2 are small, so that the electric control unit 12 controls the electric energy generated by the generator to supply power to the left retarder exciting coil group 5 and the right retarder exciting coil group 2 and simultaneously charges the battery 13, and if the SOC of the battery 13 is greater than 0.90, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder exciting coil group 5 and the right retarder exciting coil group 2 and does not charge the battery 13;
step two, when the gear information G is larger than the set gear G0:
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is smaller than or equal to the set speed V0, and the SOC of the battery 13 is larger than 0.30, the power of the generator is small at the moment, but the exciting currents of the left-side retarder exciting coil set 5 and the right-side retarder exciting coil set 2 are required to be large, so that the electric control unit 12 controls the generator and the battery 13 to simultaneously supply power to the left-side retarder exciting coil set 5 and the right-side retarder exciting coil set 2; when the SOC of the battery 13 is smaller than 0.30, the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil set 5 and the right retarder excitation coil set 2, and the battery 13 does not supply power;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9 is greater than the set speed V0, the power of the generator is high at the moment, but exciting currents required by the left retarder exciting coil set 5 and the right retarder exciting coil set 2 are also large, so that the electric control unit 12 controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder exciting coil set 5 and the right retarder exciting coil set 2.
When the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder performs braking operation, namely, when the gear information G is a non-zero gear, the electric control unit 12 detects the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft 9, the gear information G of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder and the SOC value of the battery 13 once every 0.1 second.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation formula eddy current retarder which characterized in that: the retarder comprises a retarder, a generator, an electric control unit and a battery, wherein the retarder comprises a left braking unit, a right braking unit and a retarder rotor (4), the left braking unit comprises a left retarder excitation coil group (5), a left retarder stator (6) and a retarder left permanent magnet, the left retarder stator (6) is disc-shaped, the left end of the left retarder stator (6) is provided with a left stator cover plate (603), the edge of the left stator cover plate (603) is provided with a plurality of left stator magnetic poles (602) uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the left stator magnetic poles (602) are horizontally arranged along the left-right direction, the left stator magnetic poles (602) are wound on the middle part of the left stator magnetic poles (602), the right end of the left stator magnetic poles (602) is provided with a left stator magnetic shoe (601), the left braking unit and the right braking unit are symmetrically arranged about the retarder rotor (4), the center hole of the retarder rotor (4) is fixed on an automobile transmission shaft (9), and the directions of the left stator magnetic poles (601) which are adjacent are opposite to the left stator magnetic poles (602) and the directions of the left stator magnetic poles (602) are opposite to the right magnetic poles of the retarder rotor (4);
the left retarder excitation coil set (5) and the right retarder excitation coil set (2) of the right braking unit are respectively connected with the electric control unit (12) through circuits;
the left permanent magnets of the retarder are fixed in gaps between two adjacent left stator magnetic shoes (601), the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are arranged along the circumferential direction of a left retarder stator (6), the magnetic poles of the two adjacent left permanent magnets are oppositely arranged, and the magnetic pole directions of the left permanent magnets are oppositely arranged with the magnetic pole directions of the right permanent magnets (14) of a right braking unit symmetrical with respect to a retarder rotor (4);
the retarder rotor (4) is provided with a rotor of a generator, a stator of the generator is fixed on the left retarder stator (6) and the right retarder stator (1), an output end of the generator is connected with the electric control unit (12) through a circuit, and the electric control unit (12) is connected with the battery (13) through the circuit.
2. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to claim 1, wherein: the electric generator comprises a left side electric generator and a right side electric generator, wherein the left side electric generator and the right side electric generator are symmetrically arranged on the left side of a retarder rotor (4), the left side electric generator comprises a left side electric generator stator and a left side electric generator permanent magnet (16), the retarder rotor (4) is of a bilateral symmetry structure, a left annular cavity (401) stretching out leftwards is arranged in the middle of the retarder rotor (4), the left annular cavity (401) and the retarder rotor (4) are coaxially arranged, a plurality of left side electric generator permanent magnets (16) are fixed on the inner side wall of the left annular cavity (401), the left side electric generator permanent magnets (16) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular cavity (401), a left side electric generator stator is arranged on the inner side of the annular cavity (401), the left side electric generator stator is fixed on the left side retarder stator (6), the right side electric generator stator is fixed on the right side retarder stator (1), and a left side electric generator winding of the left side electric generator stator is connected with an electric control unit (12) through a circuit.
3. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to claim 1, wherein: the left end and the right end of the connecting shell (3) are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end of the left retarder stator (6) and the right end of the right retarder stator (1) of the right braking unit, the connecting shell (3) is provided with a cooling liquid outlet and an inlet, the cooling liquid outlet and the inlet are respectively connected with the inlet and the outlet of the condenser through pipelines, and the condenser is fixed on the frame.
4. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to claim 1, wherein: the clearance between the left stator magnetic shoe (601) and the axial direction of the retarder rotor (4) and the clearance between the right stator magnetic shoe of the right braking unit and the axial direction of the retarder rotor (4) are 1mm.
5. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to claim 2, wherein: when the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder does not brake, an electric control unit (12) controls a left generator winding of a left generator and a right generator winding (15) of a right generator to be disconnected with the electric control unit (12), and the left generator and the right generator do not supply power to a left retarder excitation coil group (5) and a right retarder excitation coil group (2) of the retarder and a battery (13).
6. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the left retarder stator (6) and the right retarder stator (1) of the right braking unit are fixed on the frame.
7. The hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the generator is a permanent magnet synchronous generator.
8. A method of controlling a hybrid excitation liquid cooled self-exciting type eddy current retarder according to claim 5, wherein: the braking control method comprises the following steps:
step one, an electric control unit detects gear information G of a mixed excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder, and when G is smaller than or equal to a set gear G0;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft (9) is smaller than or equal to the set speed V0, the electric control unit (12) controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil assembly (5) and the right retarder excitation coil assembly (2) of the right brake unit;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft (9) is greater than or equal to a set speed V0, if the SOC of the battery (13) is less than or equal to 0.90, the electric control unit (12) controls the electric energy generated by the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil group (5) and the right retarder excitation coil group (2) and also simultaneously charge the battery (13), and if the SOC of the battery (13) is greater than 0.90, the electric control unit (12) controls the electric generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil group (5) and the right retarder excitation coil group (2) and does not charge the battery (13);
step two, when the gear information G is larger than the set gear G0:
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft (9) is smaller than or equal to the set speed V0 and the SOC of the battery (13) is larger than 0.30, the electric control unit (12) controls the generator and the battery (13) to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil group (5) and the right retarder excitation coil group (2) at the same time; when the SOC of the battery (13) is smaller than 0.30, the electric control unit (12) controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil assembly (5) and the right retarder excitation coil assembly (2), and the battery (13) does not supply power;
when the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft (9) is greater than the set speed V0, the electric control unit (12) controls the generator to supply power to the left retarder excitation coil assembly (5) and the right retarder excitation coil assembly (2).
9. The control method of the hybrid excitation liquid-cooled self-excitation type eddy current retarder according to claim 8, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: when the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder performs braking operation, the electric control unit (12) detects the speed V of the automobile transmission shaft (9), the gear information G of the hybrid excitation liquid cooling self-excitation type eddy current retarder and the SOC value of the battery (13) once every 0.1 second.
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