CN113937490B - Antenna and wireless device - Google Patents
Antenna and wireless device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113937490B CN113937490B CN202010670211.1A CN202010670211A CN113937490B CN 113937490 B CN113937490 B CN 113937490B CN 202010670211 A CN202010670211 A CN 202010670211A CN 113937490 B CN113937490 B CN 113937490B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are an antenna and a wireless device, relating to the field of radio frequency, the antenna comprising: the antenna element comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the lengths of the first transmission line and the second transmission line are smaller than half of target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of an operating frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, and the second radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of radio frequencies, and in particular, to an antenna and a wireless device.
Background
The intelligent antenna is provided with reflectors around the active oscillators, and the on-off of the reflectors is controlled through a switch so as to change the state of whether the reflectors are effective.
When the intelligent antenna is in a directional state, the reflector is effective, the vibrator structure is asymmetric left and right, and the common mode current and the differential mode current vibrate simultaneously, wherein the differential mode current has a destructive effect on the directionality of the antenna radiation, so that the directional gain of some frequency points is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna and a wireless device for reducing the influence of differential mode current of the antenna on the directivity of antenna radiation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an antenna is provided, comprising: the antenna element comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the length of the first transmission line and the length of the second transmission line are smaller than half of a target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of an operating frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, and the second radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line.
When the differential mode current of the antenna element in the antenna provided by the application starts to vibrate, the oscillation directions of the differential mode current are opposite or partially opposite when the differential mode current is transmitted in the two transmission lines, and the influence on electromagnetic waves is counteracted or partially counteracted, so that the influence of the differential mode current on the directionality of the antenna radiation is reduced.
In one possible embodiment, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are not in electrical contact with each other. It may also be referred to as the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm being separate, etc.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are not in electrical contact with each other. The first transmission line and the second transmission line may also be referred to as being separated from each other, the first transmission line and the second transmission line being independent from each other, the first transmission line and the second transmission line being separated from each other, etc.
In one possible implementation, the length of the first transmission line is one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength and the length of the second transmission line is one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength. At this time, the oscillation directions of the differential mode current on the first transmission line and the second transmission line are opposite, the oscillation amplitudes are the same, and the influence on electromagnetic waves can be mutually counteracted, so that the influence of the differential mode current of the antenna on the directionality of the antenna radiation is reduced.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are metal transmission lines, microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, or the like.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are curved, straight, wavy, etc.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are parallel to each other. The effect of canceling out the differential mode currents in the mutually parallel transmission lines is better.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are the same length.
In one possible embodiment, the spatial structure of the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm is symmetrical.
In one possible embodiment, the device further comprises a reflector electrically connected to the ground plate via a switch. The on-off of the switch validates or disables the reflector. For example, when the switch is closed, the antenna is a directional antenna; when the switch is turned off, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna. Or when the switch is closed, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna; when the switch is opened, the antenna is a directional antenna.
In one possible embodiment, the antenna further comprises a further antenna element, the further antenna element being electrically connected to the ground plate. If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are the same, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of any one antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line. If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are different, the antenna is a dual-frequency antenna, and the target guided wave wavelength can refer to the guided wave wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of one antenna element when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of common mode current and differential mode current caused by an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of common mode current and differential mode current caused by another antenna element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal directional diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of reducing the directionality of differential mode current to antenna radiation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application that cannot reduce the directionality of differential mode current to antenna radiation;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal pattern of another antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
First, concepts related to embodiments of the present application will be described:
common mode current: refers to the current created by the potential difference between any (or all) current carrying conductors and the reference ground.
Differential mode current: refers to the current formed by the potential difference between any two current carrying wires.
Vibrator: is an element on an antenna, and has the functions of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
Omni-directional antenna: i.e. an antenna that radiates uniformly through 360 degrees in the horizontal pattern, i.e. is non-directional, and appears as a beam with a certain width in the vertical pattern.
Directional antenna: refers to an antenna that emits and receives electromagnetic waves particularly strongly in one or more specific directions, while emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in other directions is zero or very small.
Feeding point: the connection of the antenna to the feed line is referred to as the input or feed point of the antenna.
Guided wave: electromagnetic waves transmitted along a feeder (or transmission line) are known as guided waves, or traveling waves.
Guided wave wavelength: i.e. the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave as it propagates along the feeder (or transmission line).
A grounding plate: the large area of the metal plane can be used as the reference ground with zero potential.
Currently wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN) devices may employ smart antennas. Smart antennas refer to antennas that place a reflector around an active element and can control the state of the reflector so that it can operate in either an omni-directional mode or a directional mode.
For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an antenna structure comprising a dual frequency element and a reflector is provided. Wherein the radiating arm 11 of the first antenna element is electrically connected to the feed point 15, the first radiating arm 12 and the second radiating arm 13 of the second antenna element are electrically connected to the ground plane GND, and the reflector 14 is electrically connected to the ground plane GND via the switch K. The first antenna element operates in a first frequency band (e.g., a 2G frequency band) and actively excites electromagnetic waves by inputting guided waves through the feeding point 15, or converts received electromagnetic waves into guided waves and feeds the guided waves to the feeding point 15; the second antenna element operates in a second frequency band (e.g., 5G frequency band) which excites electromagnetic waves or receives electromagnetic waves by coupling with the first antenna element.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a common mode current and a differential mode current caused by a first antenna element, and fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a common mode current and a differential mode current caused by a second antenna element. When the switch K is turned off to disconnect the reflector 14 from the ground plane GND, the spatial structure of the antenna is symmetrical, and only the common mode current (the dotted arrow in the figure) is vibrated, so that the antenna operates in an omni-directional state. When the switch K is closed to make the reflector 14 conductive to the ground plane GND, the reflector 14 is coupled to each antenna element, so that the spatial structure of the antenna is asymmetric left and right, the common-mode current and the differential-mode current (solid arrows in the figure) vibrate simultaneously, and the differential-mode current has a destructive effect on the directionality of certain frequency points, so that the directional gain of certain frequency points is seriously reduced. For example, as shown in fig. 3, which is a horizontal pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, the directivity of the frequency point of 5.55GHz is worse at-120 degrees to 150 degrees with respect to the frequency point of 5.15GHz and the frequency point of 5.85 GHz.
According to the antenna radiation device, the radiation arm of the first antenna oscillator is cut at the joint of the radiation arm and the feeding point, the radiation arm is divided into the left radiation arm and the right radiation arm, the radiation arm is respectively and electrically connected to the same feeding point through the transmission line with the length smaller than one half of the target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength of electromagnetic waves of the working frequency band of the antenna oscillator when the electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the branch transmission line, when differential mode currents of the working frequency band are transmitted in the two transmission lines, the oscillation directions are opposite or partially opposite, the influence on the electromagnetic waves is mutually offset or partially offset, and therefore the influence of the differential mode currents of the antenna on the directionality of the antenna radiation is reduced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, which includes a first antenna element 41, a branch transmission line 42, a feeding point 43, and at least one reflector 44.
The first antenna element 41 comprises a first radiating arm 411 and a second radiating arm 412. The branch transmission line 42 includes a first transmission line 421 and a second transmission line 422. Wherein the first radiating arm 411 is electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via a first transmission line 421, and the second radiating arm 412 is electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via a second transmission line 422. The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are shown directly electrically connected to the feeding point 43. However, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via other structures (e.g., other transmission lines).
The first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 are not directly connected to each other. The first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 may also be referred to as being separated from each other, the first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 are independent from each other, the first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 are separated from each other, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the names.
The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are not directly connected to each other. The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may also be referred to as being separated from each other, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are independent from each other, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are separated from each other, etc., and the names are not limited in this embodiment.
At least one reflector 44 is electrically connected to the ground plane GND via a switch K. The on/off of the switch K causes at least one reflector 44 to be activated or deactivated. For example, when switch K is closed, the antenna is a directional antenna; when the switch K is turned off, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna. Alternatively, when the switch K is closed, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna; when the switch K is turned off, the antenna is a directional antenna.
The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 421 may be located at different layers from the ground plane GND, with the middle being separated by an insulating medium; alternatively, the first and second transmission lines 421 and 421 may be located at the same layer as the ground plane GND, and a slot is formed between the branch transmission line 42 (the first and second transmission lines 421 and 421) and the ground plane GND, forming a coplanar waveguide.
The materials of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are not limited in this embodiment, for example, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be metal transmission lines, microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, or the like.
The shape of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and for example, the first transmission line 421 or the second transmission line 422 may be a curved line, a straight line, a wavy line, or the like.
The positional relationship of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 is also not limited in the embodiment of the present application, for example, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be parallel or non-parallel to each other. The effect of canceling out the differential mode currents in the mutually parallel transmission lines is better.
The relative lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are also not limited in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the lengths of the first transmission line 421 or the second transmission line 422 may be the same or different.
The spatial structures of the first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 are not limited in this embodiment, for example, the spatial structures of the first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical; the shape of the first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 may be the same or different, the length may be the same or different, and the like.
The number, spatial structure, and relative position of the at least one reflector 44 and the first antenna element 41 are not limited in this embodiment, for example, the number may be one, two, or more, the spatial structure (e.g., shape, length, etc.) may be the same or different, and the center-to-center distance may be the same or different, or the like, with respect to the first antenna element 41.
The length of the first transmission line 421 and the length of the second transmission line 422 are less than one-half of the target guided wave wavelength, in particular, the first transmission line 421 may be one-fourth of the target guided wave wavelength and the second transmission line 422 may be one-fourth of the target guided wave wavelength. The target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of the antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
For example, for a first transmission line 421 the length is one quarter of the target guided wavelength and for a second transmission line 422 the length is also one quarter of the target guided wavelength. As shown in fig. 5, it is assumed that the differential mode current triggered by the first antenna element flows through the second transmission line 422 and then through the first transmission line 421 in the direction shown in the drawing. In the second transmission line 422 having a length of one-fourth of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually rises following the rule of one-fourth period of the sine wave. In the first transmission line 421 having a length of one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually decreases following the law of the next quarter period of the sine wave. That is, the differential mode currents are opposite in oscillation direction of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, the oscillation amplitude is the same, and the influence on the electromagnetic wave can cancel each other, that is, the influence on the directivity of the antenna radiation can cancel each other.
For example, for the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, each having a length equal to one half of the target guided wave wavelength, as shown in fig. 6, it is assumed that the differential mode current triggered by the first antenna oscillator flows through the second transmission line 422 and then through the first transmission line 421 in the illustrated direction. In the second transmission line 422 having a length of one-half of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually rises and then gradually falls following the law of one-half period of the sine wave. In the first transmission line 421 having a length of one half of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually rises and then gradually falls in accordance with the law of the next one half period of the sine wave, but the oscillation directions of the differential mode current in the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are the same, the influence on the electromagnetic wave cannot cancel each other, and the influence of the differential mode current on the directivity of the antenna radiation cannot be improved.
For the lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, other values smaller than half of the target guided wave wavelength are adopted, the differential mode current is partially opposite in the same portion of the oscillation direction of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, and the influence of the opposite oscillation direction portions on electromagnetic waves partially offset each other, namely the influence on the directionality of antenna radiation partially offset each other, so that the influence of the differential mode current of the antenna on the directionality of antenna radiation is reduced.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7, the antenna may further comprise a second antenna element compared to the antenna shown in fig. 4, the second antenna element comprising a third radiating arm 451 and a fourth radiating arm 452. The second antenna element is electrically connected to the ground plane GND.
If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are the same, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of any one antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are different, the first antenna element 41 and the second antenna element are dual-frequency elements, and the antenna is a dual-frequency antenna. For example, the first antenna element 41 operates in a first frequency band (e.g., a 2G frequency band), and actively excites electromagnetic waves by inputting guided waves through the feeding point 43, or converts received electromagnetic waves into guided waves and feeds the guided waves to the feeding point 43. The second antenna element operates in a second frequency band (e.g., 5G frequency band) which excites electromagnetic waves or receives electromagnetic waves by coupling with the first antenna element 41. The antenna of the embodiment of the application can further comprise more vibrators, so that a multi-frequency antenna is formed.
In this case, the target guided wave wavelength may be a guided wave wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of an operating frequency band of one of the antenna elements is transmitted in the branch transmission line. For example, the target guided wave wavelength may refer to a guided wave wavelength when an electromagnetic wave in an operating frequency band of the first antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line, so that the antenna may suppress a differential mode current in the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, and reduce an influence of the differential mode current in the operating frequency band of the first antenna element on the directivity of antenna radiation. Or, the target guided wave wavelength may refer to a guided wave wavelength when an electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of the second antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line, so that the antenna may suppress a differential mode current of the working frequency band of the second antenna element, and reduce an influence of the differential mode current of the working frequency band of the second antenna element on the directionality of the antenna radiation.
For example, as shown in fig. 8, the horizontal pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 7 is a horizontal pattern shown in fig. 3, and the directivity of the frequency point of 5.55GHz is greatly improved in the range of-120 degrees to 150 degrees, and the directivity of the frequency point of 5.15GHz and the directivity of the frequency point of 5.85GHz are not greatly different.
As shown in fig. 9, the embodiment of the present application provides a wireless device 90, including a radio frequency circuit 901 and an antenna 902, where the radio frequency circuit 901 is electrically connected to a feeding point of the antenna 902. The antenna 902 may be the antenna described above, and the radio frequency circuit 901 transmits and receives electromagnetic waves through the antenna 902.
In summary, in the antenna and the wireless device provided in the embodiments of the present application, when the differential mode current of the antenna element in the antenna oscillates, the oscillation directions of the differential mode current when the differential mode current is transmitted in the two transmission lines are opposite or partially opposite, and the effects on electromagnetic waves cancel each other or partially cancel each other, so as to reduce the effect of the differential mode current of the antenna on the directionality of the antenna radiation.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna, comprising: the antenna element comprises a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the length of the first transmission line and the length of the second transmission line are smaller than half of a target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of an operating frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, the second radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line, and the reflector is electrically connected to the ground plate through a switch.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are not directly connected.
3. An antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are not directly connected.
4. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmission line has a length of one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength and the second transmission line has a length of one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength.
5. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second transmission lines are metallic transmission lines, microstrip lines or coplanar waveguides.
6. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second transmission lines are curved, straight or wavy lines.
7. An antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second transmission lines are parallel to each other.
8. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are the same length.
9. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the spatial structure of the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm is symmetrical.
10. The antenna of claim 1 or 2, further comprising another antenna element, the other antenna element being electrically connected to the ground plate.
11. A wireless device comprising a radio frequency circuit and an antenna according to any of claims 1-10, the radio frequency circuit being electrically connected to a feed point of the antenna.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010670211.1A CN113937490B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Antenna and wireless device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010670211.1A CN113937490B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Antenna and wireless device |
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| CN113937490A CN113937490A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
| CN113937490B true CN113937490B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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| GB2430307A (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2007-03-21 | Antenova Ltd | Compact balanced antenna arrangement |
| US8350774B2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2013-01-08 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Double balun dipole |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101944649A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-01-12 | 洪国智 | Antenna module |
| CN104106179A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2014-10-15 | 萨博公司 | Combined antenna, antenna array and method for using the array antenna |
| CN104852144A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-08-19 | 酷派软件技术（深圳）有限公司 | Antenna, and antenna switching method and device |
| CN106654557A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 淮阴工学院 | Dual-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna |
| CN107359418A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-17 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method of alien frequencies interference in frequency antenna system and control frequency antenna system |
| WO2020029060A1 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna |
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| CN113937490A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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