CN113937490A - Antenna and wireless device - Google Patents
Antenna and wireless device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113937490A CN113937490A CN202010670211.1A CN202010670211A CN113937490A CN 113937490 A CN113937490 A CN 113937490A CN 202010670211 A CN202010670211 A CN 202010670211A CN 113937490 A CN113937490 A CN 113937490A
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- transmission line
- antenna
- guided wave
- radiating arm
- wave wavelength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
Abstract
Disclosed are an antenna and a wireless device, relating to the field of radio frequency, the antenna comprising: the antenna element comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the length of the first transmission line and the length of the second transmission line are smaller than one half of a target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of the working frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, and the second radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of radio frequencies, and more particularly, to an antenna and a wireless device.
Background
The intelligent antenna is characterized in that a reflector is arranged around the active oscillator, and the on-off of the reflector is controlled through a switch so as to change the effective state of the reflector.
When the intelligent antenna is in a directional state, the reflector takes effect, the oscillator structure is asymmetric left and right, and the common mode current and the differential mode current start oscillation at the same time, wherein the differential mode current has destructive effect on the directionality of antenna radiation, so that the directional gain of some frequency points is seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
An antenna and a wireless device for reducing the influence of differential mode current of the antenna on the directivity of antenna radiation are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an antenna is provided, including: the antenna element comprises a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the length of the first transmission line and the length of the second transmission line are smaller than one half of a target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of an operating frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, and the second radiation arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line.
When the differential mode current of the antenna element in the antenna provided by the application starts to vibrate, the oscillation directions of the differential mode current transmitted in the two transmission lines are opposite or partially opposite, and the influence on electromagnetic waves is counteracted or partially counteracted, so that the influence of the differential mode current on the directionality of antenna radiation is reduced.
In a possible embodiment, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are in electrical contact with each other. It may also be referred to as the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm being separate, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm being independent, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm being separate, etc.
In a possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are in electrical contact with each other. It may also be said that the first transmission line and the second transmission line are separated from each other, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are independent from each other, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are separated from each other, etc.
In one possible embodiment, the length of the first transmission line is one-quarter of the target guided wave wavelength and the length of the second transmission line is one-quarter of the target guided wave wavelength. At this time, the oscillation directions of the differential mode currents on the first transmission line and the second transmission line are opposite, the oscillation amplitudes are the same, and the influence on electromagnetic waves can be mutually counteracted, so that the influence of the differential mode currents of the antenna on the radiation directionality of the antenna is reduced.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are metal transmission lines, microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, or the like.
In a possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are curved, straight or wavy lines, etc.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are parallel to each other. The effect of canceling the differential mode current in the mutually parallel transmission lines is better.
In one possible embodiment, the first transmission line and the second transmission line are the same length.
In one possible embodiment, the spatial structure of the first and second radiating arms is symmetrical.
In a possible embodiment, the reflector is further included, and the reflector is electrically connected to the ground plate via the switch. The on and off of the switch enables or disables the reflector. For example, when the switch is closed, the antenna is a directional antenna; when the switch is open, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna. Or, when the switch is closed, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna; when the switch is open, the antenna is a directional antenna.
In a possible embodiment, a further antenna element is further included, the further antenna element being electrically connected to the ground plane. If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are the same, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of any one antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line. If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are different, the antenna is a dual-frequency antenna, and the target guided wave wavelength can refer to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of one antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of common mode currents and differential mode currents caused by an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of common mode currents and differential mode currents caused by another antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal directional diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application providing for reducing the directivity of differential mode currents to antenna radiation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application that does not reduce the directivity of differential mode currents to antenna radiation;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal pattern of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
First, a description is made of concepts related to embodiments of the present application:
common mode current: refers to the current created by the potential difference between any (or all) current carrying conductors and a reference ground.
Differential mode current: refers to the current created by the potential difference between any two current carrying wires.
Vibrator: the antenna is a component on the antenna and has the functions of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
An omnidirectional antenna: i.e. an antenna that radiates uniformly 360 degrees in the horizontal pattern, i.e. non-directional, and a beam with a certain width in the vertical pattern.
Directional antenna: it refers to an antenna which is especially strong in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in one or more specific directions, and is zero or extremely small in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in other directions.
A feeding point: the connection of the antenna to the feed line is referred to as the input or feed point of the antenna.
Wave guiding: an electromagnetic wave transmitted along a feeder (or transmission line) is called a guided wave, or guided wave.
Guided wave wavelength: i.e. the wavelength at which the electromagnetic wave propagates along the feeder (or transmission line).
A grounding plate: the large-area metal plane can be used as a reference ground with zero potential.
Currently, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) device may employ a smart antenna. A smart antenna refers to an antenna in which a reflector is placed around an active element and the state of the reflector can be controlled so that it can operate in an omni-directional mode or a directional mode.
For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an antenna structure including a dual-band element and a reflector. Wherein the radiating arm 11 of the first antenna element is electrically connected to the feeding point 15, the first radiating arm 12 and the second radiating arm 13 of the second antenna element are electrically connected to the ground plane GND, and the reflector 14 is electrically connected to the ground plane GND via a switch K. The first antenna element operates in a first frequency band (for example, 2G frequency band), and inputs the guided wave through the feeding point 15 to actively excite the electromagnetic wave, or converts the received electromagnetic wave into the guided wave and feeds the guided wave to the feeding point 15; the second antenna element operates in a second frequency band (e.g. 5G band) which excites or receives electromagnetic waves by coupling with the first antenna element.
In fig. 1 a schematic diagram of the common mode current and the differential mode current caused by the first antenna element is shown, and in fig. 2 a schematic diagram of the common mode current and the differential mode current caused by the second antenna element is shown. When the switch K is turned off so that the reflector 14 is disconnected from the ground plane GND, the spatial structure of the antenna is symmetrical, only common mode current (dotted arrow in the figure) starts to vibrate, and the antenna operates in an omnidirectional state. When the switch K is closed to enable the reflector 14 to be conducted with the ground plate GND, the reflector 14 is coupled with each antenna oscillator, the space structure of the antenna is asymmetric left and right, common mode current and differential mode current (solid arrows in the figure) start to vibrate simultaneously, the differential mode current has destructive effect on the directionality of certain frequency points, and the directional gain of some frequency points is reduced seriously. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the horizontal directional pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2 is shown, wherein the directivity of the frequency point of 5.55GHz is worse at-120 degrees to 150 degrees compared with the frequency point of 5.15GHz and the frequency point of 5.85 GHz.
The radiation arm of the first antenna element is cut at the connection position with the feed point, the radiation arm is divided into a left radiation arm and a right radiation arm, the left radiation arm and the right radiation arm are respectively and electrically connected to the same feed point through a transmission line, the length of the transmission line is smaller than one half of the target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic waves of the working frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, so that when the differential mode current of the working frequency band is transmitted in the two transmission lines, the oscillation directions are opposite or partially opposite, the influence on the electromagnetic waves is mutually counteracted or partially counteracted, and the influence of the differential mode current of the antenna on the directionality of the antenna radiation is reduced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides an antenna, which includes a first antenna element 41, a branch transmission line 42, a feeding point 43, and at least one reflector 44.
The first antenna element 41 comprises a first radiating arm 411 and a second radiating arm 412. The branch transmission line 42 includes a first transmission line 421 and a second transmission line 422. Wherein the first radiating arm 411 is electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via a first transmission line 421, and the second radiating arm 412 is electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via a second transmission line 422. The first 421 and second 422 transmission lines are shown electrically connected directly to the feed point 43. However, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may also be electrically connected to the feeding point 43 via other structures (e.g., other transmission lines).
The first radiation arm 411 and the second radiation arm 412 are not directly connected to each other. The first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 may also be referred to as being separated from each other, the first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 may be independent from each other, the first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 may be separated from each other, and the like.
The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are not directly connected to each other. The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may also be referred to as being separated from each other, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are independent from each other, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are separated from each other, and the like.
The at least one reflector 44 is electrically connected to the ground plane GND via a switch K. The switching of the switch K activates or deactivates at least one reflector 44. For example, when switch K is closed, the antenna is a directional antenna; when switch K is open, the antenna is an omni-directional antenna. Or when the switch K is closed, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna; when switch K is open, the antenna is a directional antenna.
The first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 421 may be located at different layers from the ground plane GND, separated by an insulating medium therebetween; alternatively, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 421 may be located at the same layer as the ground plane GND, and a slot is formed between the branch transmission line 42 (the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 421) and the ground plane GND to form a coplanar waveguide.
The material of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, for example, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be a metal transmission line, a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, or the like.
The shape of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the first transmission line 421 or the second transmission line 422 may be a curved line, a straight line, a wavy line, or the like.
The embodiment of the present application is also not limited to the positional relationship between the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, for example, the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be parallel or non-parallel to each other. The effect of canceling the differential mode current in the mutually parallel transmission lines is better.
The embodiment of the present application is also not limited to the relative lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, for example, the lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 may be the same or different.
The spatial structure of the first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, for example, the spatial structure of the first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical; the first radiating arm 411 and the second radiating arm 412 may be the same or different in shape, may be the same or different in length, and the like.
The number, spatial structure and relative position to the first antenna element 41 of the at least one reflector 44 are also not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and for example, the number may be one, two or more, the spatial structure (e.g., shape, length, etc.) may be the same or different, the center-to-center distance from the first antenna element 41 may be the same or different, and the like.
The length of the first transmission line 421 and the length of the second transmission line 422 are less than one-half of the target guided wave wavelength, and particularly, the length of the first transmission line 421 may be one-quarter of the target guided wave wavelength, and the length of the second transmission line 422 is also one-quarter of the target guided wave wavelength. The target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of the antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
For example, the length for the first transmission line 421 is one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength, and the length of the second transmission line 422 is also one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength. The differential mode current is a sine wave, and as shown in fig. 5, it is assumed that the differential mode current triggered by the first antenna oscillator flows through the second transmission line 422 first and then flows through the first transmission line 421 according to the direction shown in the figure. In the second transmission line 422 having a length of one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually rises following the rule of one quarter period of the sine wave. In the first transmission line 421 having a length of one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually decreases following the rule of the next quarter period of the sine wave. That is, the oscillation directions of the differential mode currents on the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are opposite, the oscillation amplitudes are the same, and the influence on the electromagnetic waves, that is, the influence on the directivity of the antenna radiation can be cancelled.
For example, for the lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 both being one-half of the target guided wavelength, as shown in fig. 6, it is assumed that the differential mode current triggered by the first antenna element flows through the second transmission line 422 first and then flows through the first transmission line 421 according to the direction shown in the figure. In the second transmission line 422 having a length of one-half of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current gradually rises and then gradually falls following the rule of one-half period of the sine wave. In the first transmission line 421 whose length is one-half of the target guided wave wavelength λ, the amplitude of the differential mode current also gradually rises and then gradually falls following the rule of the next one-half period of the sine wave, but the differential mode current has the same oscillation direction in the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, and the influence on the electromagnetic wave cannot be cancelled out, and the influence of the differential mode current on the directivity of the antenna radiation cannot be improved.
The lengths of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422 are other values smaller than one half of the target guided wave wavelength, the differential mode currents are opposite at the same part of the oscillation direction parts of the first transmission line 421 and the second transmission line 422, the influence of the parts with opposite oscillation directions on electromagnetic waves is partially offset with each other, namely the influence on the directionality of antenna radiation is partially offset with each other, and therefore the influence of the differential mode currents of the antenna on the directionality of antenna radiation is reduced.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 7, compared to the antenna shown in fig. 4, the antenna may further comprise a second antenna element comprising a third radiating arm 451 and a fourth radiating arm 452. The second antenna element is electrically connected to the ground plane GND.
If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are the same, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave of the working frequency band of any one antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line.
If the working frequency bands of the two antenna elements are different, the first antenna element 41 and the second antenna element are dual-frequency elements, and the antenna is a dual-frequency antenna. For example, the first antenna element 41 operates in a first frequency band (for example, 2G band), and the electromagnetic wave is actively excited by inputting a guided wave through the feeding point 43, or the received electromagnetic wave is converted into a guided wave and fed to the feeding point 43. The second antenna element operates in a second frequency band (e.g. 5G band) which excites or receives electromagnetic waves by coupling with the first antenna element 41. The antenna of the embodiment of the application can also comprise more elements, so that a multi-frequency antenna is formed.
In this case, the target guided wave wavelength may refer to a guided wave wavelength at which an electromagnetic wave of an operating frequency band of one of the antenna elements is transmitted in the branch transmission line. For example, the target guided wave wavelength may refer to a guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave in the operating frequency band of the first antenna element is transmitted through the branch transmission line, and the antenna may suppress the differential mode current in the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, thereby reducing the influence of the differential mode current in the operating frequency band of the first antenna element on the directionality of the antenna radiation. Or, the target guided wave wavelength may refer to a guided wave wavelength when the electromagnetic wave in the working frequency band of the second antenna element is transmitted in the branch transmission line, and the antenna may suppress the differential mode current in the working frequency band of the second antenna element, so as to reduce the influence of the differential mode current in the working frequency band of the second antenna element on the directionality of the antenna radiation.
For example, as shown in fig. 8, in the horizontal pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 7, the directivity of the frequency point of 5.55GHz is greatly improved in the range of-120 degrees to 150 degrees, and the directivity is not greatly different between the frequency point of 5.15GHz and the frequency point of 5.85GHz, compared with the horizontal pattern shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment provides a wireless device 90, which includes a radio frequency circuit 901 and an antenna 902, where the radio frequency circuit 901 is electrically connected to a feeding point of the antenna 902. The antenna 902 may be the antenna mentioned above, and the radio frequency circuit 901 transmits and receives electromagnetic waves through the antenna 902.
In summary, according to the antenna and the wireless device provided in the embodiments of the present application, when differential mode currents of antenna elements in the antenna start to oscillate, oscillation directions of the differential mode currents transmitted in the two transmission lines are opposite or partially opposite, and the influence on electromagnetic waves is cancelled or partially cancelled, so that the influence of the differential mode currents of the antenna on directionality of antenna radiation is reduced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (12)
1. An antenna, comprising: the antenna element comprises a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, the branch transmission line comprises a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the length of the first transmission line and the length of the second transmission line are smaller than one half of a target guided wave wavelength, the target guided wave wavelength refers to the guided wave wavelength when electromagnetic waves of an operating frequency band of the antenna element are transmitted in the branch transmission line, the first radiating arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the first transmission line, and the second radiating arm is electrically connected to the feed point through the second transmission line.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are not directly connected.
3. An antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are not directly connected.
4. The antenna of any of claims 1-3, wherein the length of the first transmission line is one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength and the length of the second transmission line is one quarter of the target guided wave wavelength.
5. The antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are metallic transmission lines, microstrip lines, or coplanar waveguides.
6. The antenna of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first transmission line and the second transmission line are curved, straight, or wavy.
7. An antenna according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the first transmission line and the second transmission line are parallel to each other.
8. An antenna according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the lengths of the first transmission line and the second transmission line are the same.
9. The antenna of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are symmetrical in spatial structure.
10. The antenna of any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a reflector electrically connected to the ground plane via a switch.
11. The antenna of claim 10, further comprising another antenna element electrically connected to the ground plane.
12. A wireless device, comprising a radio frequency circuit and an antenna according to any of claims 1-11, the radio frequency circuit being electrically connected to a feed point of the antenna.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010670211.1A CN113937490B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Antenna and wireless device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010670211.1A CN113937490B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Antenna and wireless device |
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| CN113937490A true CN113937490A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
| CN113937490B CN113937490B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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| CN106654557A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 淮阴工学院 | Dual-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna |
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| WO2020029060A1 (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080238800A1 (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2008-10-02 | Brian Collins | Balanced Antenna Devices |
| US20100271280A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-10-28 | The Government Of The Us, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Double balun dipole |
| CN101944649A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-01-12 | 洪国智 | Antenna module |
| CN104106179A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2014-10-15 | 萨博公司 | Combined antenna, antenna array and method for using the array antenna |
| CN104852144A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-08-19 | 酷派软件技术（深圳）有限公司 | Antenna, and antenna switching method and device |
| CN106654557A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 淮阴工学院 | Dual-frequency-point broadband dipole antenna |
| CN107359418A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-17 | 上海华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method of alien frequencies interference in frequency antenna system and control frequency antenna system |
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| CN113937490B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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