CN113936829B - Passive water supplementing method for spent fuel pool of underground nuclear power station - Google Patents
Passive water supplementing method for spent fuel pool of underground nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN113936829B CN113936829B CN202111074231.3A CN202111074231A CN113936829B CN 113936829 B CN113936829 B CN 113936829B CN 202111074231 A CN202111074231 A CN 202111074231A CN 113936829 B CN113936829 B CN 113936829B
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- water
- cooling
- spent fuel
- fuel pool
- water level
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an passive water supplementing method for a spent fuel pool of an underground nuclear power station. It comprises the following steps: when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is below the critical water level, the water level monitoring device opens the water supplementing valve, the cooling water in the ground pool is directly injected into the spent fuel pool through the water supplementing pipeline until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool exceeds the critical water level, and the water supplementing valve is closed; when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is above the critical water level and below the normal water level, the water level monitoring device opens the cooling valve, the cooling water in the ground pool flows into the first-stage cooling table through the cooling pipeline, overflows and flows into the second-stage cooling table, … … to the last-stage cooling table, the atomizing-stage nozzle assembly sprays the cooling water into the spent fuel pool in a fine mist form until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool exceeds the normal water level, and the cooling valve is closed. According to the method, the spent fuel pool can be timely supplemented with water and cooled under the condition that the nuclear power station is in a power-off state, and the safety of the nuclear power station is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground nuclear power stations, in particular to an passive water supplementing method for a spent fuel pool of an underground nuclear power station.
Background
Fuel rods within a nuclear reactor are key elements of the operation of a nuclear power plant, producing energy through nuclear fission or fusion. After the fuel rod is used for completing the life of 'combustion energy production', the fuel rod is discharged from the reactor core, but the fuel rod still has quite strong radioactivity and decay heat, and the fuel rod is usually transported into a spent fuel pool in a factory building of a nuclear power plant for long-time cooling, and is subjected to factory conversion and post-treatment after the radioactivity and decay power of the fuel rod reach certain standards.
The spent fuel pool is used for cooling the fuel rods by forced convection and evaporation boiling, and the cooling mode needs enough cooling water and continuous water supplementing by a water pump. Under normal working conditions, cooling water in the spent fuel pool is sufficient, and the temperature can be maintained within a design range. However, under the condition that an alternating current power supply is completely lost, the cooling function and the water replenishing function of the spent fuel pool are lost, the spent fuel assembly cannot be cooled, a large amount of decay heat is continuously released, so that the temperature of the spent fuel pool is continuously increased until the spent fuel pool is boiled, cooling water in the pool is evaporated, the water level is reduced, the spent fuel assembly is finally exposed to the air, a large amount of hydrogen is generated by releasing heat, and the safety of a nuclear power station is greatly influenced.
Therefore, by combining the structural characteristics of the underground nuclear power station, the passive water supplementing method of the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power station is developed, and the spent fuel pool can still be timely supplemented with water and cooled under the condition that an alternating current power supply is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an passive water supplementing method for a spent fuel pool of an underground nuclear power station, which can automatically and timely supplement water and cool down the spent fuel pool under the passive condition, ensure that a spent fuel assembly is effectively cooled, and ensure the safety of the nuclear power station.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a passive water supplementing method for a spent fuel pool of an underground nuclear power station, which comprises the following steps:
when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is below the critical water level, the water level monitoring device opens a water supplementing valve in the emergency water supplementing system, cooling water in the ground pool is directly injected into the spent fuel pool through a water supplementing pipeline until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool exceeds the critical water level, and the water level monitoring device closes the water supplementing valve;
when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is above the critical water level and below the normal water level, a cooling valve in the cooling system is opened by the water level monitoring device, the cooling water in the ground pool flows into the first-stage cooling table through the cooling pipeline, overflows and flows into the second-stage cooling table, the last-stage cooling table is reached, the atomizing stage nozzle assembly sprays the cooling water in a fine mist form into the spent fuel pool until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool exceeds the normal water level, and the water level monitoring device closes the cooling valve.
Further, the bottom end of the ground water pool is higher than the top end of the spent fuel cavity; the emergency water supplementing system comprises a water supplementing pipeline, one end of the water supplementing pipeline is connected to the bottom of the ground water pool, the other end of the water supplementing pipeline can convey water flow into the spent fuel pool, and a water supplementing valve is arranged on the water supplementing pipeline.
Further, the critical water level is a water level higher than the top end of the spent fuel assembly at the bottom of the spent fuel pool.
Further, the cooling system comprises a cooling pipeline with one end connected to the bottom of the ground water pool, and at least three-stage cooling tables which are arranged above the spent fuel pool and from top to bottom are arranged at the other end of the cooling pipeline.
Furthermore, the adjacent two stages of cooling tables are arranged in an staggered mode, and water baffles for storing cooling water are arranged at the boundary of each stage of cooling tables.
Furthermore, the height of the water baffle arranged on the cooling table of the last stage is larger than that of the water baffles arranged on the cooling tables of the other stages.
Further, the atomizing stage nozzle assemblies are distributed at the lower end of the last stage cooling table in an array.
Still further, the atomizing stage nozzle assembly flow rate is less than the cooling valve flow rate.
Still further, the atomizing stage nozzle assembly is comprised of a plurality of stainless steel solid cone atomizing nozzles with nozzle tips disposed downwardly.
Further, the water supplementing valve flow is 4-5 times of the cooling valve flow.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is below the critical water level, the invention can rapidly supplement cooling water into the spent fuel pool through the emergency water supplementing system under the condition that the nuclear power station is in a power-off state, so that the water level of the boron water exceeds the critical water level, and the spent fuel assembly is prevented from being exposed in the air;
2. when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool is above the critical water level and below the normal water level, the invention can cool down the spent fuel pool through the cooling system and supplement cooling water under the condition that the nuclear power station is in a power failure, so that the water temperature of the boron water is maintained within a design range, and the water level of the boron water exceeds the normal water level, thereby avoiding unexpected deterioration accidents caused by evaporation of the cooling water in the pool.
The passive water supplementing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power station can timely supplement water and cool the spent fuel pool under the condition that the nuclear power station is in a power-off state, and ensures the safety of the nuclear power station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the passive water replenishing method of the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the water replenishing system in the passive water replenishing method of the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant;
in the figure: the system comprises a ground water pool 1, a cooling system 2, an emergency water supplementing system 3, a water level monitoring device 4, a spent fuel assembly 5, a spent fuel pool 6 and a spent fuel cavity 7;
the cooling system 2 includes: a cooling pipeline 21, a cooling valve 22, a cooling table 23, an atomization-stage nozzle assembly 24 and a water baffle 25;
the emergency water replenishing system 3 includes: a water replenishment pipe 31 and a water replenishment valve 32;
normal water level A, critical water level B.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The passive water supplementing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power station comprises the following steps:
when the boron water level in the spent fuel pool 6 is below the critical water level B, the water level monitoring device 4 opens the water supplementing valve 32 in the emergency water supplementing system 3, the cooling water in the ground pool 1 is directly injected into the spent fuel pool 6 through the water supplementing pipeline 31 until the boron water level in the spent fuel pool 6 exceeds the critical water level B, and the water level monitoring device 4 closes the water supplementing valve 32;
when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool 6 is above the critical water level B and below the normal water level A, the water level monitoring device 4 opens the cooling valve 22 in the cooling system 2, the cooling water in the ground water pool 1 flows into the primary cooling table 23 through the cooling pipeline 21, overflows and flows into the secondary cooling table 23, the atomizing nozzle assembly 24 arranged at the lower end of the final cooling table 23 sprays the cooling water into the spent fuel pool 6 in a fine mist form until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool 6 exceeds the normal water level A, and the water level monitoring device 4 closes the cooling valve 22.
The bottom end of the ground water pool 1 is higher than the top end of the spent fuel cavity 7, and the cooling water in the emergency water supplementing system 3 is quickly injected into the spent fuel pool 6 under the passive condition by means of the height difference between the ground water pool 1 and the spent fuel pool 6 until the boron water level in the spent fuel pool 6 exceeds the critical water level B. The critical water level B is a water level higher than the top end of the spent fuel assembly 5 at the bottom of the pool.
The cooling water in the cooling system 2 can accelerate heat exchange in the spent fuel pool 6 while supplementing water, so that the temperature of the boron water in the spent fuel pool 6 is quickly reduced, and the safety of the underground nuclear power station is ensured.
The cooling system 2 comprises a cooling pipeline 21 with one end connected to the bottom of the ground water pool 1, and at least three stages of cooling tables 23 which are arranged above the spent fuel pool 6 from top to bottom are arranged at the other end of the cooling pipeline 21.
Specifically, the water replenishing system in the water replenishing method includes the following matters, as shown in fig. 2:
the length and width of the spent fuel pool 6 in this embodiment are respectively: 8m, 4m, the bottom of the spent fuel pool 6 is respectively connected with the cooling system 2 and the emergency water supplementing system 3 through two parallel pipelines, namely a cooling pipeline 21 and a water supplementing pipeline 31, and the initial positions of the pipelines are respectively provided with a cooling valve 22 and a water supplementing valve 32. The water level monitoring device 4 is a floatable body, the density of which is less than that of water, and floats on the surface of boron water in the spent fuel pool 6. The water level monitoring device 4 controls the cooling valve 22 and the water replenishment valve 32 in real time according to the detected water level signal.
The cooling tables 23 in this embodiment are four-stage cooling tables, two adjacent stages of the cooling tables 23 are staggered, and a water baffle 25 is disposed at the boundary of each stage of cooling table 23, so that a certain amount of cooling water can be stored on each stage of cooling table 23, when the cooling water amount of the first stage of cooling table is greater than the storable amount, the cooling water overflows and flows into the second stage of cooling table, and when the cooling water amount of the second stage of cooling table is greater than the storable amount, the cooling water overflows and flows into the third stage of cooling table until flowing into the fourth stage of cooling table. The four-stage cooling table 23 can cool the hot steam gradually rising in the spent fuel cavity 7, enlarge the heat exchange area and enhance the cooling effect.
In addition, the fourth stage cooling stage water deflector 25 has a height greater than the heights of the first, second and third stage cooling stage water deflectors 25 for storing a greater volume of cooling water for use with the atomizing stage nozzle assembly 24.
When the water replenishing valve 32 is fully opened, the flow is 0.4m 3 In order to enhance the heat exchange effect, the flow rate of the cooling valve 22 is not excessively large, and the flow rate is set to be 0.1m when the valve is fully opened 3 /s。
The atomizing stage nozzle assemblies 24 are distributed at the lower end of the final stage cooling table 23 in an array manner, are formed by a plurality of stainless steel solid cone atomizing nozzles, nozzle nozzles are arranged downwards, and sprayed cooling water is in a fine mist shape. To ensure balance of water in the cooling system 2, the flow rate of the atomizing nozzle assembly 24 is smaller than that of the cooling valve 22 and is 0.08m 3 /s。
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The passive water supplementing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool (6) is below the critical water level (B), a water supplementing valve (32) in the emergency water supplementing system (3) is opened by the water level monitoring device (4), cooling water in the ground pool (1) is directly injected into the spent fuel pool (6) through a water supplementing pipeline (31) until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool (6) exceeds the critical water level (B), and the water supplementing valve (32) is closed by the water level monitoring device (4);
when the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool (6) is above a critical water level (B) and below a normal water level (A), a water level monitoring device (4) opens a cooling valve (22) in a cooling system (2), cooling water in a ground water pool (1) flows into a first-stage cooling table (23) through a cooling pipeline (21), overflows and flows into a second-stage cooling table (23), and then the water level monitoring device (4) closes the cooling valve (22) until the water level of the boron water in the spent fuel pool (6) exceeds the normal water level (A) after overflowing to the last-stage cooling table (23), and an atomization-stage nozzle assembly (24) sprays the cooling water into the spent fuel pool (6) in a fine mist form;
the bottom end of the ground water pool (1) is higher than the top end of the spent fuel cavity (7); the emergency water supplementing system (3) comprises a water supplementing pipeline (31) with one end connected to the bottom of the ground water pool (1), wherein the other end of the water supplementing pipeline (31) can send water flow into the spent fuel pool (6), and a water supplementing valve (32) is arranged on the water supplementing pipeline (31);
the critical water level (B) is a water level higher than the top end of the spent fuel assembly (5) at the bottom of the spent fuel pool (6);
the cooling system (2) comprises a cooling pipeline (21) with one end connected to the bottom of the ground water pool (1), and at least three-stage cooling tables (23) which are arranged above the spent fuel pool (6) and from top to bottom are arranged at the other end of the cooling pipeline (21).
2. The passive water replenishing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the adjacent two stages of cooling tables (23) are arranged in an staggered mode, and water baffles (25) for storing cooling water are arranged at the boundary of each stage of cooling tables (23).
3. The passive water replenishing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the height of the water baffle (25) arranged on the cooling table (23) of the last stage is larger than the height of the water baffles (25) arranged on the cooling tables (23) of the other stages.
4. The passive water replenishing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the atomizing stage nozzle assemblies (24) are distributed at the lower end of the last stage cooling table (23) in an array mode.
5. The passive water supplementing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the atomizing stage nozzle assembly (24) flow rate is less than the cooling valve (22) flow rate.
6. The passive water supplementing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the atomizing stage nozzle assembly (24) is composed of a plurality of stainless steel solid cone atomizing nozzles, and nozzle nozzles are arranged downwards.
7. The passive water replenishing method for the spent fuel pool of the underground nuclear power plant according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the flow rate of the water supplementing valve (32) is 4-5 times that of the cooling valve (22).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111074231.3A CN113936829B (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | Passive water supplementing method for spent fuel pool of underground nuclear power station |
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| CN202111074231.3A CN113936829B (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | Passive water supplementing method for spent fuel pool of underground nuclear power station |
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| CN113936829B true CN113936829B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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2021
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| CN113936829A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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