CN113935119A - Sound source calculation method, calculation device, and computer-readable storage medium - Google Patents

Sound source calculation method, calculation device, and computer-readable storage medium Download PDF

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CN113935119A
CN113935119A CN202010674825.7A CN202010674825A CN113935119A CN 113935119 A CN113935119 A CN 113935119A CN 202010674825 A CN202010674825 A CN 202010674825A CN 113935119 A CN113935119 A CN 113935119A
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夏烨
李旦望
王星博
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AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a sound source prediction method, a calculation device and a computer readable storage medium. The sound source calculation method comprises the steps of a, simulating unsteady flow of impeller machinery in a channel to obtain an unsteady flow field calculation result; b, selecting a plurality of calculation sections at a plurality of axial positions for the channel according to the calculation result of the step a, wherein the calculation sections have a first axial distance, so that the sound pressure levels of the calculation sections are positioned in an error band; extracting calculation input data of the plurality of calculation sections, wherein the calculation input data comprises average mainstream flow parameters, array coordinates and array values under each order of harmonic; c, extracting the calculation input data of the channel according to the step b, and carrying out modal decomposition to obtain the acoustic modal data of the channel; and d, obtaining sound pressure level information of each transmissible mode according to the sound mode data of the channel in the step c.

Description

Sound source calculation method, calculation device, and computer-readable storage medium
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of acoustics, and in particular, to a sound source prediction method, a calculation apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
For high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the contribution to their overall sound pressure level is greatest, most notably fan/compressor noise. Even at supersonic speeds, rotor/stator interference noise remains a significant component of fan/compressor dispersion noise. The research on the rule of rotor/stator interference noise propagation and the prediction thereof have very important significance for the acoustic design of the engine or the noise elimination design of the engine nacelle.
It can be known from the basic theory of acoustics that the sound wave in air is a weak compression wave composed of a micro-compression disturbance wave and a micro-expansion disturbance wave alternately, and the pneumatic noise is a pressure disturbance in the flow field region, and the sound wave is propagated to the space far away from the flow region through the elasticity and inertia of gas.
Theoretically, the calculation results contain both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic information as long as the algorithm has sufficient time and space accuracy. However, because the difference between the acoustic variable and the flow variable generating sound is large in energy and scale, the disturbance magnitude of sound waves is 3-5 magnitude orders smaller than the average flow quantity in most cases, and the sound propagation often has large spatial scale, on the premise of ensuring the simulation accuracy, the flow field and the pneumatic sound field are obtained simultaneously by solving the Navier-Stokes equation in the whole field, and the requirements on computer hardware and numerical calculation methods are very high, so that the method is difficult to realize in the current engineering.
In order to solve the contradiction between the calculation accuracy and the calculation resource limit, in the pneumatic acoustic research in recent years, a flow field/sound field hybrid calculation method is developed. In this method, the calculation domain is divided into a sound source generation region and a sound field propagation region.
In the aerodynamic sound source domain, i.e. the adjacent areas of the turbine and jet in the engine, the unsteady components of flow variables such as pressure, velocity, density, etc. are of the same order of magnitude as the steady (time-averaged) components of the flow field, so the governing equation is non-linear, time-dependent and rotational. Therefore, the unsteady flow fields here need to be calculated by the CFD method. Since the pulsation amount in the CFD unsteady result is not directly used as sound source information, due to both acoustic pulsation and non-acoustic pulsation, accurate extraction of sound wave information from the CFD result is a key issue, which can be used for sound source evaluation and as sound source input for subsequent sound propagation calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a sound source calculation method.
It is another object of the invention to provide a computing device.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium.
A sound source calculation method according to an aspect of the present invention is a sound source calculation method for an in-channel turbomachinery, including: simulating unsteady flow of impeller machinery in a channel to obtain an unsteady flow field calculation result; b, selecting a plurality of calculation sections at a plurality of axial positions for the channel according to the calculation result of the step a, wherein the calculation sections have a first axial distance, so that the sound pressure levels of the calculation sections are positioned in an error band; extracting calculation input data of the plurality of calculation sections, wherein the calculation input data comprises average mainstream flow parameters, array coordinates and array values under each order of harmonic; c, extracting the calculation input data of the channel according to the step b, and carrying out modal decomposition to obtain the acoustic modal data of the channel; and d, obtaining sound pressure level information of each transmissible mode according to the sound mode data of the channel in the step c.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculation method, in the step b, the step of selecting a plurality of cross sections at a plurality of axial positions for the channel includes:
step b 1: estimating sound source information
Calculating the order m of the circumferential mode by the following formula:
m＝sB-kv
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, generally the first three orders are taken, k is generally-10 to 10,
the cutoff condition of the mode is
Figure BDA0002583668330000031
Wherein
Figure BDA0002583668330000032
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs the characteristic value of Helmholtz equation;
step b 2: precision analysis
Selecting a high-order mode, giving a phase and an amplitude value, obtaining sound field calculation data of a plurality of axial intervals, and selecting the axial interval of which the axial interval is positioned in an error band of a sound pressure level as the first axial interval.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculating method, in the step c, the modal decomposition includes calculating the order m of the circumferential modal by the following formula:
m＝sB-kv，
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, the first three orders are generally taken, and k is generally-10 to 10.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculation method, in the step c, the cutoff condition of the modality is
Figure BDA0002583668330000033
Wherein
Figure BDA0002583668330000034
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs a characteristic value of helmholtz equation.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculation method, in the step c, the circumferential mode is obtained by combining a theoretical solution of a circumferential mode shape function according to the array value and the array coordinate extracted in the step b.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculation method, in the step c, a circumferential mode is obtained through calculation, and then a radial mode is obtained by combining a radial mode shape function and a theoretical solution of an axial mode shape function.
In one or more embodiments of the sound source calculation method, a cost function is constructed for the array coordinates of the plurality of cross sections and the array values under each order of harmonic by using a least square method, and when the cost function is minimum, a radial mode, that is, a radial mode is obtained by solving
Figure BDA0002583668330000035
Wherein C represents a cost function and P represents a radial mode; the resulting matrix is: the coefficients are formed by the axial mode shape function and the radial mode shape function.
According to an aspect of the present invention, in the step d, the acoustic modal data of the channel obtained according to the step c is substituted into a sound pressure level formula:
SPL＝20*log(Pmn/(2*10-5))，
wherein P ismnRepresenting the amplitude of the mode that can be propagated, sound pressure level information can be obtained for each mode that can be propagated.
A computer-readable storage medium according to an aspect of the present invention, has stored thereon a computer program executed by a processor to implement the sound source calculation method as described in any one of the above.
A sound source calculation device according to an aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions executable by a processor; and a processor for executing the instructions to implement the sound source calculation method of any of the above.
The method has the advantages that the final solving result is accurate by selecting the first axial distance, the method is used for extracting the sound field of the sound source near-field flow field, filtering the near-field disturbance wave, obtaining the accurate sound source result, reducing the sound source calculation domain, reducing the calculation amount of the unsteady flow field, and simultaneously using the sound source for sound propagation calculation.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a result of an unsteady flow field calculation obtained by a sound source calculation method according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of input data for extracting channels in the sound source calculation method according to the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of sound field calculation data for a plurality of axial intervals of a sound source calculation method of an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a sound source calculation method according to an embodiment
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a modal decomposition process of the sound source calculation method of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following discloses many different embodiments or examples for implementing the subject technology described. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure, but these are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Also, this application uses specific language to describe embodiments of the application. Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the present application is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, some features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be combined as appropriate.
In the following embodiments, the sound source calculation of the in-passage impeller machine is performed by taking the fan noise of a turbofan engine as an example, and is approximated to a hard-wall circular tube to perform fluid mechanics simulation calculation.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the method for calculating the sound source of the in-channel turbomachinery includes:
simulating unsteady flow of impeller machinery in a channel to obtain an unsteady flow field calculation result;
firstly, a calculation model of the blade profile of the channel 100 and the impeller machine 200 is constructed, and a certain axial space is required for data extraction of a plurality of planes in the subsequent steps, and is reserved when the model is constructed. And (3) performing non-stationary calculation by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method according to the model, and obtaining sound pressure under each order of harmonic as shown in figure 1.
B, according to the calculation result of the step a, selecting a plurality of calculated cross sections 10 at a plurality of axial positions for the channel 100, wherein the plurality of calculated cross sections 10 have a first axial distance L1 therebetween, so that the sound pressure levels of the plurality of calculated cross sections 10 are located within the error band, and it can be understood that the number of calculated cross sections 10 is not limited to three illustrated in fig. 2, and may be more. After the selection of the calculation cross sections 10 is performed, calculation input data of a plurality of calculation cross sections 10 are extracted, and the calculation input data comprise average mainstream flow parameters, array coordinates and array values under each order of harmonic. Taking the technolot software as an example for explanation, for the process of extracting the average mainstream flow parameters, a flow field result file can be introduced into the technolot, a 3D view is converted into a 2D view, the abscissa is an axial direction, and the ordinate is a radial direction, so that the mainstream flow parameters at the required axial position are selected. Array coordinates and array values under each order of harmonic are array data, a flow field result file can be imported into the tecplot software, information such as coordinates and pressure data corresponding to a specified array grid is extracted from a selected domain, data is output, and the data is written into an editable dat file. The above description is given by taking technplot as an example, and only the embodiment is clearly and intuitively explained, but the invention can be performed by relying on technplot. The advantage of choosing the first axial separation L1 is that the final sound source calculation can be made accurate. The principle of the method is that the inventor finds that the positions of the sound sources at the distances of multiple planes have no influence on the sound pressure level, and the selection of the intervals among the multiple sections has great influence on the sound pressure level. As shown in fig. 3, the error band B, i.e., the middle dotted line, is indicated as a standard value, and the upper and lower dotted lines indicate the upper and lower limits of the error tolerance, it can be understood that some intervals appear to be close, but the sound pressure levels are greatly different. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the abscissa of the value points 2 and 3 is close to the abscissa of the value point 1, but the ordinate is very different, and only the distance between the value points 1 is in accordance with the requirement that the sound pressure level is in the error band, for example, the distance between the value point 4 and the value point 5 is in accordance with the requirement that the sound pressure level is in the error band, and the value point 5 is obviously deviated. The inventor finds that the principle is that the cost function is a function related to the axis coordinate, the cost function has singularity when being solved, and a numerical point which is obviously deviated is a singular solution. The cost function C is as follows:
Figure BDA0002583668330000061
wherein i is the number of axial sections, j is the radial modal order, n is the radial modal order, P is the radial modal amplitude, α is the integral function of the radial modal shape function and the axial modal shape function, and q is the integral function of the unsteady pressure and the radial modal shape function.
The first axial distance L1 meeting the requirement can be calculated by an estimation method, and the specific steps can be as follows:
step b 1: estimating sound source information
Calculating the order m of the circumferential mode by the following formula:
m＝sB-kv
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, generally the first three orders are taken, k is generally-10 to 10,
the cutoff condition of the mode is
Figure BDA0002583668330000062
Wherein
Figure BDA0002583668330000063
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs the characteristic value of Helmholtz equation;
step b 2: precision analysis
The higher order modes are selected, given phase and amplitude, and propagated in the channel 100 to obtain sound field calculation data with a plurality of axial intervals, and the axial intervals within the error band of the sound pressure level are selected as the first axial interval L1, for example, as shown in fig. 3, the axial intervals within the error band B are selected as the first axial interval L1.
And c, performing modal decomposition according to the calculation input data of the plurality of sections 10 extracted and obtained in the step b, the average main flow parameter, the array coordinate and the array numerical value to obtain the acoustic modal data of the channel.
Similar to step b, the order m of the circumferential modes:
m＝sB-kv
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, generally the first three orders are taken, k is generally-10 to 10,
the cutoff condition of the mode is
Figure BDA0002583668330000071
Wherein
Figure BDA0002583668330000072
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs a characteristic value of the Helmholtz equation
The circumferential mode may be obtained by a circumferential array, i.e. array coordinates, array numerical calculation. The circumferential mode can be represented by a combination of array data and a mode shape function, for a hard-wall circular tube with a channel 100 approximate, the shape function has a theoretical solution, and the circumferential mode can be obtained by obtaining the array data.
For the radial mode, the circumferential mode can be represented as a combination of the radial mode, the radial mode shape function and the axial mode shape function. For a hard-walled circular tube, there is a theoretical solution to the radial and axial shape functions, and with the circumferential mode known, the radial mode can be obtained. Wherein the forward and backward modes are distinguished by axial wavenumber.
Using least squaresConstructing a cost function for the array data of the plurality of sections, wherein the cost function is related to the radial mode, and when the cost function is minimum, solving to obtain the radial mode which is expressed as
Figure BDA0002583668330000073
Where C denotes the cost function and P denotes the radial mode. The resulting matrix is: the coefficients are formed by the axial and radial mode shape functions. And finally solving the matrix to obtain the radial mode.
Obtaining sound pressure level information of each transmissible mode according to the sound mode data of the channel in the step c, wherein the sound pressure level information may include
Step d1. may obtain the transmittable acoustic modal information, i.e., the (m, n) order modes, through step c, where m represents the circumferential modal order and n represents the radial modal order.
Step d2. according to the sound pressure level formula SPL-20 log (P)mn/(2*10-5) In which P) ismnRepresenting the amplitude of the mode that can be propagated, sound pressure level information can be obtained for each mode that can be propagated.
In some embodiments, there may be a final step of precision analysis to verify the calculation. The accuracy definition standard may be that the error of the cost function is less than 1%, and certainly may be other suitable standards, and may achieve the purpose of checking. If the accuracy does not meet the requirement, cross section data needs to be selected again to carry out analysis.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided.
The present disclosure provides the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions. The computer instructions, when executed by the processor, may implement the program to be executed by the processor to implement the steps performed by the program in the sound source calculation method as described in the above embodiments.
It is understood that the sound source computing device corresponding to the above-described embodiment of the computing method may be a computer, a server, an intelligent mobile device, a virtual reality device, an augmented reality device, or the like. The sound source computing device may include a processor and a computer-readable storage medium. The processor may execute instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the sound source calculation method. In some embodiments, the processor may include at least one hardware processor, such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), application specific instruction set processor (ASIP), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Physical Processing Unit (PPU), single chip, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), advanced reduced instruction set system (ARM), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), any circuit or processor capable of performing at least one function, and the like, or any combination thereof.
A computer-readable storage medium may store computer-readable instructions and/or data. Computer-readable storage media may include memory and storage.
The memory may nonvolatilely store computer readable instructions and/or data, such as program instructions for modality decomposition, program instructions for precision analysis, and so forth. The Memory may be a volatile read-write Memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM). The memory may include, for example, Dynamic RAM (DRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), zero capacitance RAM (Z-RAM), and the like.
The memory may store computer readable instructions and/or data in a non-volatile manner, such as program instructions for modality decomposition, program instructions for precision analysis, and so forth. The memory may include mass storage, removable storage, Read Only Memory (ROM), etc., or any combination thereof. Exemplary mass storage devices may include magnetic disks, optical disks, solid state drives, and the like. Exemplary removable memory may include flash memory disks, floppy disks, optical disks, memory cards, compact disks, magnetic tape, and the like. Exemplary ROMs may include Mask ROM (MROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disk ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk ROM, and the like. In some embodiments, the memory may be implemented on a cloud platform. By way of example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a distributed cloud, a cross-cloud, a multi-cloud, and the like, or any combination thereof.
In summary, the sound source calculation method, the calculation apparatus, and the computer-readable storage medium described in the above embodiments have the advantages that the first axial distance is selected, so that a final solution result is accurate, the method is used for extracting a sound field of a sound source near-field flow field, filtering a near-field disturbance wave, obtaining an accurate sound source result, reducing a sound source calculation domain, reducing an unsteady flow field calculation amount, and simultaneously, the sound source can be used for sound propagation calculation.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention departs from the content of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sound source calculation method for calculating a sound source of an in-channel turbomachinery, comprising:
simulating unsteady flow of impeller machinery in a channel to obtain an unsteady flow field calculation result;
b, selecting a plurality of calculation sections at a plurality of axial positions for the channel according to the calculation result of the step a, wherein the calculation sections have a first axial distance, so that the sound pressure levels of the calculation sections are positioned in an error band; extracting calculation input data of the plurality of calculation sections, wherein the calculation input data comprises average mainstream flow parameters, array coordinates and array values under each order of harmonic;
c, extracting the calculation input data of the channel according to the step b, and carrying out modal decomposition to obtain the acoustic modal data of the channel;
and d, obtaining sound pressure level information of each transmissible mode according to the sound mode data of the channel in the step c.
2. The sound source calculation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, the step of selecting a plurality of cross sections at a plurality of axial positions for the channel comprises:
step b 1: estimating sound source information
Calculating the order m of the circumferential mode by the following formula:
m＝sB-kv
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, generally the first three orders are taken, k is generally-10 to 10,
the cutoff condition of the mode is
Figure FDA0002583668320000011
Wherein
Figure FDA0002583668320000012
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs the characteristic value of Helmholtz equation;
step b 2: precision analysis
Selecting a high-order mode, giving a phase and an amplitude value, obtaining sound field calculation data of a plurality of axial intervals, and selecting the axial interval of which the axial interval is positioned in an error band of a sound pressure level as the first axial interval.
3. The sound source calculation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the modal decomposition includes calculating the order m of the circumferential modal by the following formula:
m＝sB-kv，
wherein B is the number of rotor blades of the impeller machine, v is the number of stator blades of the impeller machine, s is the harmonic order, the first three orders are generally taken, and k is generally-10 to 10.
4. The sound source calculation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step c, the sound source calculation method is performedThe cutoff condition of the mode is
Figure FDA0002583668320000021
Wherein
Figure FDA0002583668320000022
Where M is the axial Mach number, C0Is the speed of sound, omega is the rotational speed (rad/s), km,nIs a characteristic value of helmholtz equation.
5. The sound source calculation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step c, the circumferential mode is obtained by combining a theoretical solution of a circumferential mode shape function according to the array values and the array coordinates extracted in the step b.
6. The sound source calculation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step c, the circumferential mode is calculated, and then the radial mode is obtained by combining the radial mode shape function and the theoretical solution of the axial mode shape function.
7. The sound source calculation method according to claim 6, wherein a cost function is constructed by using a least square method for the array coordinates of the plurality of cross sections and the array values at each order of harmonics, and when the cost function is minimum, a radial mode, that is, a radial mode is solved
Figure FDA0002583668320000023
Wherein C represents a cost function and P represents a radial mode; the resulting matrix is: the coefficients are formed by the axial mode shape function and the radial mode shape function.
8. The sound source calculation method of claim 1, wherein in the step d, the sound mode data of the channel obtained in the step c is substituted into a sound pressure level formula:
SPL＝20*log(Pmn/(2*10-5))，
wherein P ismnRepresenting the amplitude of the mode that can be propagated, sound pressure level information can be obtained for each mode that can be propagated.
9. A computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, the program being executed by a processor to implement the sound source calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A sound source calculation device, comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions executable by a processor;
a processor for executing the instructions to implement the sound source calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202010674825.7A 2020-07-14 2020-07-14 Sound source calculation method, calculation device, and computer-readable storage medium Pending CN113935119A (en)

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