CN104361174A - Noise simulating calculation method for automotive alternating current generator - Google Patents
Noise simulating calculation method for automotive alternating current generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a noise simulating calculation method for an automotive alternating current generator. The method comprises the following steps of initializing basic data, performing setting and grid division on a simulating calculation area, calculating an unsteady aerodynamic characteristic equation set of the generator at specific rotating speed by adopting finite volume method-based commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software, verifying correctness, verifying the correctness of a simulating numerical value calculation result, testing and measuring the aerodynamic performance and the noise of the alternating current generator, and performing noise reduction structure optimization design on the alternating current generator according to a comparison result of the simulating numerical value calculation result and a practical verification result. According to the method, the far-field radiation aerodynamic noise characteristics of a main aerodynamic noise source part, different turbulence model for predicting the nose of the alternating current generator, aerodynamic noise time-frequency characteristics under different working conditions and the like are researched and analyzed; an experimental research method is adopted for verifying the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the alternating current generator; on such a basis, the noise reduction structure of the alternating current generator is optimized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile noise reduction field, be specifically related to a kind of AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method.
Background technology
Motor is very extensive as its application of the power-equipment from small-sized machine to big machinery.Along with the raising of rapid development of economy and living standards of the people, the quantity of automobile rapidly increases in recent years, automobile motor, as one of key components and parts on automobile, not only quantitatively, kind has had great changes, and structure also there occurs great changes.According to statistics, each general-utility car at least uses 15 small and special electric machines, and sedan limousine 40-50 platform small and special electric machine, luxury models are then furnished with 70-80 platform small and special electric machine.At present, in world wide, automobile motor has accounted for about 13% of small and special electric machine total amount.
Vehicle alternator is the device of electric energy by belt pulley connecting engine by changes mechanical energy.Alternator is under normal rolled state, and noise source is complicated, overriding noise is physical construction noise, electromagnetic noise, Said close noise (noise that gas and Elastic Solid System interaction produce) and aerodynamic noise 4 part.Wherein aerodynamic noise generally accounts for major part in high regime (more than 6000r/min), and aerodynamic noise becomes the noise constituent that AC generator for vehicle is comparatively given prominence to.Under some more special operating modes (as started, stopping, at a high speed), alternative electric generation chance produces the ear-piercing sound of some high frequencies, becomes the key factor affecting comfortableness, and is difficult to most administer.Therefore, characteristic and the noise-reduction method of studying alternator aerodynamic noise have great importance.
Because alternator inner structure complexity causes internal gas flow complex flow, produce strong UNSTEADY FLOW, misfortune flow noise is obvious.The complicacy of sound source composition and cannot being separated of noise source, and use conventional method to be difficult to determine the contribution amount size of main order to overall noise, make noise abatement specific aim poor, directly affect the improvement of alternator aeroperformance and noisiness.Along with the raising of rotating speed, aerodynamic noise becomes ingredient more and more important in alternator noise, and characteristic and the noise-reduction method of research alternator aerodynamic noise have great importance.
Summary of the invention
For alternator aerodynamic noise problem, the invention provides a kind of AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method, research and analyse the aerodynamic noise time-frequency characteristic etc. under the far-field radiation aerodynamic noise characteristic at position, main aerodynamic noise source, the different turbulent models of alternator aerodynamic noise prediction, different operating mode.And adopt experimental study method, alternator aerodynamic noise characteristic is verified.On this basis, noise reduction optimal design is carried out to alternator.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method, comprise the steps: step one: initialization basic data, vehicle alternator rotational speed design maximum limit value is 18000r/min, with front and rear cover axis direction for characteristic length, obtain the reynolds number Re >10e6 of External airflow field;
Step 2: analog computation region is arranged and stress and strain model; simulation alternator in outside dimension with entity identical; CFD for alternator analyzes and provides high-precision analysis foundation; alternator surface mesh full-size is 4mm; convection cell affects obvious region, and maximum mesh size Control is at 2mm; Before and after the complicated and High Rotation Speed of blade structure, maximum mesh size Control is within 0.5mm and carry out local refinement, ignores and simplify the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the inside and outside complexity of alternator; Step 3: adopt the commercial CFD software Fluent based on finite volume method to calculate the unsteady flo w aerodynamic characteristic system of equations of generator under specific rotation speeds, during numerical evaluation, in order to convergence speedup speed, first carry out stable state calculating, again using the starting condition of steady result as transient state, until transient state computational physics field stable after, then start by FW-H equation calculating sound field and extract sound source information; Step 4: verification of correctness, the correctness of checking simulation value result of calculation, carry out test to this type alternator aeroperformance and noise to measure, comprise alternator noise trial, the inspection of each measuring point sound pressure level and frequency spectrum inspection, relatively simulation value result of calculation and experiment actual measured results, if error is in tolerance interval, skip to next step; If error is outside tolerance interval, then return step 2, recalculate; Step 5: calculate according to simulation value and test the comparison result of actual verification, carrying out alternating current generator noise reduction structure optimal design.Described step 2 also comprises the checking of grid independence, when two nested grid result of calculation deviations are within 2%, thinks that result of calculation and grid have nothing to do.In described step 3, numerical computation method stable state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of RNG, utilizes SIMPLE Algorithm for Solving, and continuity equation adopts standard format discrete, and the equation of momentum, auspicious kinetic energy equation and auspicious stream dissipative shock wave equation adopt Second-order Up-wind form discrete.In described step 3, numerical computation method transient state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of LES, subscale grid model is Smagorinsky-Lilly model, nearly wall place adopts Standard law of wall, time difference form is second order implicit expression, pressure x velocity Lai closes and adopts PISO algorithm to solve, continuity equation is deceived loose with PRESTO form, equation of momentum Bounded Central Differencing form is discrete.The script script file of ICEM is utilized to realize the automatic division of flow field grid in described step 2.
The present invention has following good effect: (1) grid independence is verified as the setting of checking analog computation region and whether stress and strain model is reasonable, reduces calculated amount, improves optimal design efficiency; (2) the automatic division of flow field grid and aerodynamic automatic calculating, realize the Automatic Optimal of high rotating speed alternator, reduces repetitive work.
Embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is as the effect of the mutual alignment between the shape of involved each component, structure, each several part and annexation, each several part and principle of work, manufacturing process and operation using method etc., be described in further detail, have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to help those skilled in the art to inventive concept of the present invention, technical scheme.
Alternator is under normal operation, noise source is complicated, the problems such as front and back electric fan flow characteristics are difficult to determine by experiment, therefore we will adopt method for numerical simulation, application CFD analysis software FLUENT carries out Three-Dimensional Dynamic calculating to certain type vehicle alternator internal and external flow field aerodynamic noise, analyzes Main Noise Sources, front and back electric fan flow characteristics and main order to the size of overall noise contribution amount.Our achievement in research can provide reference and foundation for problems such as the improvement of the aeroperformance of subsequent communication generator and noisiness.
Analysis and research show: fan noise main sound source is the sound source of the dipole caused by the auspicious stream flowing of the flabellum unstable state rotated.Therefore, noise source can be thought to be rotated by fan and the sound source of the dipole that causes of flabellum beating air in this patent.
Be below the idiographic flow of the inventive method: step one, basic data initialization;
(1) vehicle alternator rotational speed design maximum limit value is 18000r/min, and with front and rear cover axis direction for characteristic length, obtain the reynolds number Re >10e6 of External airflow field, visible flow field is in auspicious stream mode.
(2) ignore and simplify the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the inside and outside complexity of alternator, as the parts such as rectifier be less than the louvre of 0.5mm, the equivalent grid of stator coil winding Bian simplifies, ignore roundlet knows and know etc. and suppose that each parts surface of part is completely smooth.For ensureing precision, sweet rear flabellum small round corner chamfering does not simplify.
Step 2, analog computation region are arranged and stress and strain model;
Simulation alternator in outside dimension with entity substantially identical, this be alternator CFD analysis provide high-precision analysis foundation.Because the auspicious flow model of LES requires very high to grid, very large calculator memory and very long computing time need be taken, under current technical conditions, subtle three-dimensional great misfortune numerical simulation be realized more difficult.
Alternator surface mesh full-size is 4mm, and especially, convection cell affects obvious region, and maximum mesh size Control is at 2mm; Before and after the complicated and High Rotation Speed of blade structure, maximum mesh size Control is within 0.5mm and carry out local refinement.
The computational fields that alternator aerodynamic noise numerical simulation analysis adopts elects spheroid as, size is 8 times of alternator characteristic length (generator shaft is to full-size), can ensure that auspicious stream flow field is fully developed and spheroid computational fields number of grid is fewer than the square computational fields number of grid of same size.Fluid space is divided into rotation and stationary part: the assemblies such as forefan, aft-fan and pawl pole are rotating part, move according to given rotating speed; Near front end end cover, rear end cap, stator and rectifier etc., flow field is fixed part, keeps static in computation process.During numerical evaluation, sliding mesh technology is utilized to realize the relative motion of forefan, aft-fan and the parts such as pawl pole and end cap, stator and rectifier.Slip surface interface processes rotating part and stationary part with " interface to "
Interface.
Because between rotor position and stator, air gap radial spacing only has 1.5mm, be therefore set to 0.05mm at the maximum controlling dimension of grid that cries of air gap.Electric fan fluid flow region sizing grid is 0.5mm to the maximum, such stress and strain model better can catch little Chi Du Minus and bring disaster upon auspicious stream, computing grid cross section adopts unstructured tetrahedral meshes, space lattice adopts tetrahedron and tri-prism element, alternator surface adopts triangle and quadrilateral units, and carries out local mesh reflnement between flabellum position, front and back and air gap.
Grid independence is verified;
For whether rationally verifying the setting of analog computation region and stress and strain model, reducing calculated amount, improving optimal design efficiency.
The resultant error source of numerical simulation analysis generally includes: model error, discretization error, iteration error and round-off error.In usually calculating; model error is better close to actual alternator, but because the electronic devices structure such as alternator rectifier is complicated, the equivalent grid of stator core coil winding simplifies and the simplification of rotor winding winding etc. all can bring certain model error; Discretization error increases with the grid Trucks unit that attenuates and reduces, and round-off error increasing and increase also with discrete nodes, computational accuracy not linearly improves with the increase of number of grid.In addition, number of grid increase the time that certainly will increase iteration convergence, accordingly its computation period lengthen, visible number of grid is not The more the better.
Therefore, need to seek the moderate grid of a set of density.When general two nested grid result of calculation deviations are within 2%, think that result of calculation and grid have nothing to do.To this paper model respectively Bian three nested grids carried out tentative calculation, the results are shown in Table 1.Computing grid is got respectively through tentative calculation and is not add up to 7,790,000,1,113 ten thousand, 1,414 ten thousand not etc., and when finding that grid sum is greater than 1,414 ten thousand, error calculated is less than 0.18%, and therefore, in subsequent calculations, model meshes number controls more than 14,140,000.
Table 1 grid independence checking knot Come
In subsequent calculations result, (y+ is exactly relevant to speed, viscosity and shearing force etc. the dimensionless distance of ground floor grid barycenter to wall distance to demonstrate y+ equally, the rationality of y+ value, general recommended maximum is to 110, the rationality of y+ can verify whether ground floor border grid is arranged reasonable,, y+ maximal value is 94.
Step 3, aerodynamic noise simulation method;
Employing is based on the unsteady flo w aerodynamic characteristic system of equations of generator under the commercial CFD software Fluent calculating specific rotation speeds of finite volume method.During numerical evaluation, in order to convergence speedup speed, first carry out stable state calculating, then using the starting condition of steady result as transient state.Until transient state computational physics field stable after, then start by FW-H equation calculating sound field and extract sound source information.
The selection of alternator numerical computation method
(1) stable state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of RNG, utilize SIMPLE Algorithm for Solving, continuity equation adopts standard format discrete, and the equation of momentum, auspicious kinetic energy equation and auspicious stream dissipative shock wave equation adopt Second-order Up-wind form discrete, specifically in table 2 stable state solver optimum configurations.The initial value that stable state result of calculation calculates as transient state.
Table 2 stable state solver optimum configurations
(2) transient state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of LES, subscale grid model is Smagorinsky-Lilly model, and nearly wall place adopts Standard law of wall, and time difference form is second order implicit expression, pressure x velocity Lai closes and adopts PISO algorithm to solve, continuity equation rice PRESTO! Form is deceived loose, and equation of momentum rice Bounded Central Differencing form is discrete.Specifically in table 3 transient state solver optimum configurations.When stable state and transient state calculate, interface all adopts sliding mesh treatment technology.Convergence criterion is that variable residual absolute value is less than 10e-3 and the change being arranged on the import and export flow detection amount on end cap presents periodically, can terminate this stage to calculate.
Table 3 transient state solver optimum configurations
In addition, need during calculating to consider time step Δ t, transient state computing time and far field sound field analyze time.Convergence two aspects choosing frequency content and the calculating depending primarily on concern of transient state computing time.When rotation speed of the fan is 14000r/min, pay close attention to front 20 rank noises, then corresponding frequency is fmax=14000x20/60=4666.67 Hz, according to sampling thheorem, and corresponding time step Δ t=1/ (2xfmax)=1.07x10e-4.In LES auspicious flow model calculating Unsteady Flow, time stepping method step-length is the smaller the better again, in conjunction with convergence, through tentative calculation, finally determines that Δ t=10e-5 is as time step.First through the calculating of 60/nx3 (n represents rotating speed) individual time step to ensure that auspicious stream flow field is fully developed, and then calculate 60/nx3 time step, and store the sound source data of each time step, as the input of far field sound field analyze, to carry out the specificity analysis of aerodynamic loading.
Script file generates, and automatically to divide and aerodynamics calculates automatically to realize grid
For realizing the Automatic Optimal of high rotating speed alternator, reducing repetitive work, needing to realize the automatic division of flow field grid and aerodynamic automatic calculating.
The script script file of ICEM is utilized to realize the automatic division of flow field grid, for this reason, only need before stress and strain model Jian begins, click recording scripts order, then what importing of model of alternator, the generation of flow field grid and derivation is completed by mouse action, the corresponding order line of software meeting automatic recording, can obtain script script file thus, can call the automatic division that script script file realizes flow field grid by errorlevel.
The journal script file of Fluent is utilized to realize the aerodynamic automatic calculating of high rotating speed alternator, for this reason, as long as before calculating, click Start Journal order, then complete the importing of flow field grid by mouse action, aerodynamics calculates and result derives, the corresponding order line of software meeting automatic recording, journal script file can be obtained thus, can call journal file by errorlevel and realize aerodynamic automatic calculating, and result of calculation can read from text.
Step 4: verification of correctness;
For the correctness of checking simulation value result of calculation, test is carried out to this type alternator aeroperformance and noise and measures.Comprise alternator noise trial, the inspection of each measuring point sound pressure level and frequency spectrum inspection.
Relatively simulation value result of calculation and experiment actual measured results, if error is in tolerance interval, skip to next step; If error is outside tolerance interval, then return step 2, recalculate.
Alternator noise trial carries out noise measurement analysis under adopting alternator independent operating operating mode, microphone is that B & K company of Denmark produces, data collecting card adopts the DATaRec4-DIC24 capture card of Lang De instrument company to complete multiplexed signal sampling, the PC data analysis system Artemis analysis software of bright moral, settling signal signal sampling and processing etc.
Each measuring point sound pressure level inspection is the fluctuation pressure value obtained by numerical simulation analysis, through FW-H numerical simulation calculation, obtains the overall noise sound pressure level under constant rotational speed.By the numerical simulation overall noise sound pressure level under rotating speed MOOOr/min operating mode and Experimental Comparison result, numerical simulation and Experimental Comparison.
Frequency spectrum inspection is by numerical simulation result by Fourier transform, obtains the spectrogram under constant rotational speed.Numerical simulation analysis and experimental test can obtain alternator aerodynamic noise contrast spectrogram.
Step 5, according to simulation value calculate and experiment actual verification comparison result, carry out alternating current generator noise reduction structure optimal design.Comprise and to optimize based on flabellum distribution angle before vector composite analysis and based on the structure optimization etc. of the flow field characteristic of front flabellum distribution angle.
Above to invention has been exemplary description; obvious specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as have employed the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention is conceived and technical scheme is carried out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention without to improve.
Claims (5)
1. AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step one: initialization basic data, vehicle alternator rotational speed design maximum limit value is 18000r/min, with front and rear cover axis direction for characteristic length, obtains the reynolds number Re >10e6 of External airflow field;
Step 2: analog computation region is arranged and stress and strain model; simulation alternator in outside dimension with entity identical; CFD for alternator analyzes and provides high-precision analysis foundation; alternator surface mesh full-size is 4mm; convection cell affects obvious region, and maximum mesh size Control is at 2mm; Before and after the complicated and High Rotation Speed of blade structure, maximum mesh size Control is within 0.5mm and carry out local refinement, ignores and simplify the CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the inside and outside complexity of alternator;
Step 3: adopt the commercial CFD software Fluent based on finite volume method to calculate the unsteady flo w aerodynamic characteristic system of equations of generator under specific rotation speeds, during numerical evaluation, in order to convergence speedup speed, first carry out stable state calculating, again using the starting condition of steady result as transient state, until transient state computational physics field stable after, then start by FW-H equation calculating sound field and extract sound source information;
Step 4: verification of correctness, the correctness of checking simulation value result of calculation, carry out test to this type alternator aeroperformance and noise to measure, comprise alternator noise trial, the inspection of each measuring point sound pressure level and frequency spectrum inspection, relatively simulation value result of calculation and experiment actual measured results, if error is in tolerance interval, skip to next step; If error is outside tolerance interval, then return step 2, recalculate;
Step 5: calculate according to simulation value and test the comparison result of actual verification, carrying out alternating current generator noise reduction structure optimal design.
2. AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2 also comprises the checking of grid independence, when two nested grid result of calculation deviations are within 2%, think that result of calculation and grid have nothing to do.
3. AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, numerical computation method stable state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of RNG, utilize SIMPLE Algorithm for Solving, continuity equation adopts standard format discrete, and the equation of momentum, auspicious kinetic energy equation and auspicious stream dissipative shock wave equation adopt Second-order Up-wind form discrete.
4. AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, numerical computation method transient state calculates and selects the auspicious flow model of LES, subscale grid model is Smagorinsky-Lilly model, nearly wall place adopts Standard law of wall, and time difference form is second order implicit expression, and pressure x velocity Lai closes and adopts PISO algorithm to solve, continuity equation is deceived loose with PRESTO form, equation of momentum Bounded Central Differencing form is discrete.
5. AC generator for vehicle noise simulation computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, utilize the script script file of ICEM to realize the automatic division of flow field grid in described step 2.
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| CN108539883A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 | A kind of alternator for vehicle, the method and stator for determining its stator hole height of holes |
| CN108629098A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-09 | 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 | Method for numerical simulation, device, computing device and the storage medium that generator wind is made an uproar |
| CN109386650A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of valve noise optimization method |
| CN109408938A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of maritime entry grates noise optimization method |
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| CN110059350A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-26 | 青岛华涛汽车模具有限公司 | A kind of on-board air conditioner fan noise method for numerical simulation based on RNG k- ε model |
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| CN111174901A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 中机华信诚电力工程有限公司 | Method for calculating noise decibel value |
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| CN105550465A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-04 | 五邑大学 | Compartment cross section optimization method based on crosswind unsteady theory |
| CN107423245A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-12-01 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For the method and apparatus for the internal data for observing control device |
| CN108539883A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 | A kind of alternator for vehicle, the method and stator for determining its stator hole height of holes |
| CN108629098A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-09 | 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 | Method for numerical simulation, device, computing device and the storage medium that generator wind is made an uproar |
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| CN109408934A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-01 | 北京动力机械研究所 | The quasi- Three-dimensional Flow Virtual Numerical Experiments method of turbogenerator complete machine |
| CN109408938B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2022-05-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for optimizing noise of grating at sea entrance |
| CN109408938A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of maritime entry grates noise optimization method |
| CN109386650A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of valve noise optimization method |
| CN110059350A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-26 | 青岛华涛汽车模具有限公司 | A kind of on-board air conditioner fan noise method for numerical simulation based on RNG k- ε model |
| US11928396B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2024-03-12 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method for quantifying visual differences in automotive aerodynamic simulations |
| CN110688805A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-14 | 深圳创新设计研究院有限公司 | Analysis method for flow numerical value of automobile external flow field |
| CN111174901A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 中机华信诚电力工程有限公司 | Method for calculating noise decibel value |
| CN112287498A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Numerical simulation research method for valve core opening of three-way spring valve |
| CN112287498B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-05-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Numerical simulation research method for valve core opening degree of three-way spring valve |
| CN113283188A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-20 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Flow field calculation method of plant factory under action of turbulent fan |
| CN113283188B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2023-08-11 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Flow field calculation method for plant factory under action of turbulent fan |
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