CN113933598A - Magnetic core loss determination method and device for integrated circuit current undistorted - Google Patents
Magnetic core loss determination method and device for integrated circuit current undistorted Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A core loss determination method and apparatus for integrated circuit current undistorted may include: a current having a periodic variation is applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system. Under the action of the current, a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are acquired, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the intensity of the magnetic field acting on the magnetic core and the intensity of magnetic induction generated by the magnetic core. And determining parameters for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The hysteresis loop is integrated according to the equation for the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of integrated circuit technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for determining magnetic core loss without current distortion for an integrated circuit.
Background
The core loss of the inductive element of the system-level integrated circuit power system has a nonlinear characteristic, so that the calculation process is difficult, and a more accurate core loss value is difficult to obtain. Traditionally, the core loss of an inductive element is estimated using the Steinmetz equation, i.e.
Wherein
Is the average power loss per unit time in unit volume of the magnetic core, k, alpha and beta are coefficients related to the magnetic core material, f is the transformer operating frequency under sinusoidal excitation, BmaxFor transformer cores under sine excitationThe maximum magnetic flux density. However, the Steinmetz formula is only suitable for sinusoidal excitation, and the excitation current waveform passed by the core of the inductance element of the system-level integrated circuit power supply system is often not a sine wave, so that a large error inevitably exists if the core loss value is estimated by using the Steinmetz formula, and in addition, the power loss of the core is also greatly influenced by the direct current bias.
Considering that the loss caused by the motion of the domain wall in the magnetic core of the inductive element is directly related to the rate of change of the magnetic field with time, the Steinmetz equation is improved to a generalized Steinmetz equation, i.e. the equation of Steinmetz
Where T is the period of the excitation current waveform,. DELTA.B is the peak value of the magnetic flux density, and kiα and β are coefficients related to the core material. In fact kiAlpha and beta are varied, whereas the generalized Steinmetz formula does relate to kiα, and β are treated as constants so that there is a large error in using the generalized Steinmetz equation under DC bias conditions. Specifically, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a triangular waveform of the excitation current through the core without distortion of the input current waveform, k in the generalized Steinmetz equation when different DC biases are applied to the triangular waveform of the currentiAlpha, and beta are also different. In summary, when the input current waveform has a dc bias, the calculation of the core loss using the generalized Steinmetz equation is still inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application provides a core loss determination method and apparatus for integrated circuit current undistortion that addresses or partially addresses at least one of the above-identified problems related to the background art and other deficiencies in the art.
The application provides a method for determining magnetic core loss aiming at integrated circuit current undistorted, which comprises the following steps: a current having a periodic variation is applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system. Under the action of the current, a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are acquired, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the intensity of the magnetic field acting on the magnetic core and the intensity of magnetic induction generated by the magnetic core. And determining parameters for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. According to the equation of a magnetic hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss, integrating the magnetic hysteresis loop to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
in the formula, HminThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the lowest point of the current, HmaxThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the peak of the current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, acquiring multiple characteristic points of the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of the current may include:
in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points respectively to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core. The feature points may include: a first characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; a fourth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and a sixth characteristic point which consists of the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and the numerical value of zero.
In some embodiments, the S-curve is:
wherein a, b, c and d all represent parameters defining the S curve, e is a natural constant, x represents a variable, and y represents the output result of the change of the S curve along with x.
In some embodiments, determining a parameter for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop to obtain the hysteresis loop from the plurality of feature points may include:
according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value as positive infinity, and respectively defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as negative infinity; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newton iteration method may include: and respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable. From the iteration variable, a newton iteration formula is determined, where the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable. Determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is formulated as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the average power loss of the magnetic core in unit volume and unit time is shown as f, the waveform frequency of the current is shown as L, the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop is shown as L, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core is shown as B, and the magnetic field intensity is shown as H.
The present application further provides an apparatus for determining core loss for integrated circuit current undistorted, which may include: the device comprises a current supply module, an acquisition module, a fitting module and a loss determination module. The current supply module is used for applying current with periodic variation to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system. The acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. The fitting module is used for determining parameters of an S curve for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The loss determination module is used for integrating the hysteresis loop according to an equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
in the formula, HminThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the lowest point of the current, HmaxThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the peak of the current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, the step of executing the acquisition module may comprise: in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points respectively to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core. The feature points may include: a first characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; a fourth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and a sixth characteristic point which consists of the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and the numerical value of zero.
In some embodiments, the S-curve is:
wherein a, b, c and d all represent parameters defining the S curve, e is a natural constant, x represents a variable, and y represents the output result of the change of the S curve along with x.
In some embodiments, the performing step of the fitting module may include: according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value as positive infinity, and respectively defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as negative infinity; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newton iteration method may include: and respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable. From the iteration variable, a newton iteration formula is determined, where the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable. Determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is formulated as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the average power loss of the magnetic core in unit volume and unit time is shown as f, the waveform frequency of the current is shown as L, the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop is shown as L, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core is shown as B, and the magnetic field intensity is shown as H.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, at least one of the following advantages can be obtained.
According to the method and the device for determining the magnetic core loss without current distortion of the integrated circuit, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points so as to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained through a method of integrating the hysteresis loop directly according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a triangular waveform of excitation current through a magnetic core without distortion of the input current waveform;
FIG. 3 is a hysteresis loop diagram corresponding to the current waveform shown in FIG. 2 for a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application; and
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a core loss determination apparatus for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present application, various aspects of the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description is merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the present application and does not limit the scope of the present application in any way. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. The expression "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the drawings, the size, dimension, and shape of elements have been slightly adjusted for convenience of explanation. The figures are purely diagrammatic and not drawn to scale. As used herein, the terms "approximately", "about" and the like are used as table-approximating terms and not as table-degree terms, and are intended to account for inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, in the present application, the order in which the processes of the respective steps are described does not necessarily indicate an order in which the processes occur in actual operation, unless explicitly defined otherwise or can be inferred from the context.
It will be further understood that terms such as "comprising," "including," "having," "including," and/or "containing," when used in this specification, are open-ended and not closed-ended, and specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Furthermore, when a statement such as "at least one of" appears after a list of listed features, it modifies that entire list of features rather than just individual elements in the list. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of the present application, the use of "may" mean "one or more embodiments of the present application. Also, the term "exemplary" is intended to refer to an example or illustration.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including engineering and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a core loss determination method without distortion of an integrated circuit current, which may include: step S1, a current having a periodic variation is applied to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system. And step S2, under the action of the current, acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. In step S3, parameters of an S-curve for fitting the hysteresis loop are determined according to the plurality of feature points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. Step S4, integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core.
In some embodiments, first, a current having a periodic variation is applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system. The working waveform of the current applied to the magnetic core can be a sine wave, a triangular wave or the like; the magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core is generated by a current applied to the inductance element for the integrated circuit power supply system, and the waveform of the current is completely the same as the operating waveform of the inductance element for the integrated circuit power supply system. In addition, in many power supply systems of integrated circuits, magnetic elements need to be pre-magnetized and biased by direct current or low frequency according to the requirements of devices such as transistors in the integrated circuits, for example, in a switching power supply circuit of the integrated circuit, the magnetic elements operating under the condition of direct current bias are generally used, so that the input current signals may also have the condition of direct current bias. Therefore, the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core of the inductance element is firstly determined according to the working waveform of the current, and then the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be determined by an integral method according to the hysteresis loop.
Further, when the current is applied to the magnetic core of the inductance element, a magnetic field varying with the current is generated in the magnetic core under the action of the current, and thus a certain magnetic core loss is generated. Based on the core loss of the core, a corresponding hysteresis loop may be generated. Of course, different current signals through the core will produce hysteresis loops in different states.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a triangular waveform of excitation current through a magnetic core without distortion of the input current waveform; and fig. 3 is a hysteresis loop diagram corresponding to the current waveform shown in fig. 2 for a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the operating waveform of the current applied to the core is a triangular waveform with an operating period T and a maximum value of the current during the period imaxThe minimum value of the current in the period is iminAnd the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the current in the period is delta iL. Further, iDCFor the average current value of the input current, it can be seen that the average current value is larger than zero, in other words, the current signal has a phenomenon of dc offset. In addition, in the working cycle of the current, rT is the time point of the peak value, namely, the current value corresponding to the rT time is imaxAnd there is no period in which the current signal remains unchanged, in other words, there is no distortion in the current signal applied to the core. This is reflected in the hysteresis loop, as can be seen in fig. 3, where time rT corresponds to the magnetic induction strength value and the magnetic field strength value at which the forward direction of the current applied to the core is at a maximum, and as the current decreases from time rT to time T, the magnetic induction B decreases with the decrease of the magnetic field strength H until it reaches the lowest point L1To (3). It can be seen that the special points of the hysteresis loop may include: l is2At the position, i.e. the value of the magnetic field strength H corresponding to the highest increase in currentmaxAnd magnetic induction intensity value Bmax；L1Magnetic induction value H at the position, i.e. when the current drops to the lowestminAnd a magnetic field strength value Bmin(ii) a Magnetic induction intensity value B corresponding to zero magnetic field intensity in magnetization processr2At least one of (1) and (b); magnetic field intensity value H corresponding to magnetic induction intensity being zero in magnetization processc2At least one of (1) and (b); magnetic induction value B corresponding to magnetic field intensity being zero in demagnetization processr1At least one of (1) and (b); and the corresponding magnetic field intensity value H when the magnetic induction intensity is zero in the demagnetization processc1To (3).
In summary, the characteristic point of the hysteresis loop of the inductance element core is determined in relation to the operating waveform of the current signal passing through the inductance element core. In other words, the operating waveform of the current signal passing through the magnetic core of the inductance element may be any type, and there may also be a dc offset phenomenon, so that the hysteresis loop of the corresponding magnetic core needs to be determined according to the operating waveform of the current signal passing through the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the S-curve has a characteristic of being steep in the middle, gentle at both ends, and converging to a fixed value, respectively, and the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core includes a magnetization curve and a demagnetization curve each having the same characteristics as the S-curve. Based on this, this application uses S curve to fit magnetization curve and demagnetization curve respectively, and then can constitute the hysteresis loop of magnetic core.
Firstly, in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of a magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points respectively to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core. The feature points may include: a first characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a second characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process, wherein the value zero is an external magnetic field intensity value in the magnetization process, and the residual magnetic induction intensity value is a corresponding magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core when the external magnetic field intensity value is zero in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value zero, wherein the coercive force value is an external magnetic field strength value which enables the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core to be zero in the magnetization process, and the numerical value zero is the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core corresponding to the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a fourth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process, wherein the value zero is an external magnetic field intensity value in the demagnetization process, and the residual magnetic induction intensity value is a corresponding magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core when the external magnetic field intensity value is zero in the demagnetization process; and a sixth characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero, wherein the coercive force value is an external magnetic field strength value which enables the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core to be zero in the demagnetization process, and the numerical value of zero is the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core corresponding to the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process. Note that, although the saturation magnetic induction values of the cores of the inductance elements made of different materials are different, the saturation magnetic induction values of the cores made of the same material are the same. In other words, the saturation induction value of the magnetic core is determined by the material of the magnetic core. In addition, the coercive force values of the magnetic cores made of the same material are also the same, namely the coercive force is the demagnetizing field strength required when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic cores is zero; and when the magnetic field intensity is zero, the residual magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic cores made of the same material is the same.
Further, the formula of the S-curve is:
in formula (1), a, b, c, and d each represent a parameter defining an S-curve, e is a natural constant, x represents a variable, and y represents an output result of the S-curve as a function of x.
According to the attribute that the output result y converges to a fixed value when the variable x of the S curve tends to infinity, respectively defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value and the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as positive infinity and negative infinity; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the fourth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the sixth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
Specifically, when the newton iteration method is used to determine the accurate value of the parameter of the S-curve corresponding to the magnetization process or the demagnetization process, first, each parameter a, b, c, and d of the S-curve is determined as an iteration variable. From the iteration variable, a newton iteration formula is determined, where the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable. The newton iterative formula can be expressed as:
P(i+1)＝P(i)-(F′(P(i)))-1F(P(i))，(2)
in formula (2), P is an iteration vector, i is a natural number, and P(i)And representing the result of the ith iteration of the variable, wherein F is an objective function, and F' is a Jacobian matrix of the objective function. The target function is the difference value between the value of the S curve at the characteristic point position and the measured value, which is calculated by reversing the parameter of the S curve determined by the iterative method, and the smaller the difference value is, the closer the parameter of the S curve determined by the iterative method is to the true value of the measurement at the characteristic point. The objective function can be expressed as:
in the formula (3), fiExpressing a sub-target function, i is a natural number, specifically, the difference between the position value of the ith characteristic point of the S curve and the corresponding measured value; v. ofcalThe value of the S curve at the position of the characteristic point is calculated in reverse according to the parameters of the S curve determined by an iterative method; v. ofmeaIs a measurement at the location of the feature point; q is a natural number and represents an acceleration factor of the constructed objective function in the iteration process; n is the number of sub-targeting functions, or the number of feature points.
The Jacobian matrix of the objective function can be expressed as:
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,
the l sub-objective function F representing the objective function FlFor m variable P of iteration variable PmAnd calculating partial derivatives, wherein l, m and n are all natural numbers.
Set the modulus of the objective function | | | F (P)(i)) The threshold value of | | is ε, in response to the modulus value | | | F (P)(i)) If | | is less than the threshold value epsilon, the modulus | | | F (P)(i)) And taking the value of the iteration variable corresponding to the | | as the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve. Furthermore, the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve in the magnetization process is substituted into the S curve formula, and the magnetization curve equation or the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core hysteresis loop can be obtained. Of course, if F (P)(i)) When | | | is greater than or equal to a preset threshold epsilon, P is used(i+1)The iterative operation is continued for the initial value of the iterative variable until | F (P)(i)) And when the | | is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon, ending each parameter iteration process of the S curve formula in the magnetization process. The modulus | | F (P) is(i)) The smaller the | | is, the closer the representation is to the iteration target, and the more accurate the parameters of the obtained S-curve are.
In some embodiments, after obtaining the hysteresis loop, the average power loss of the core can be determined by integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and directly according to the definition of the core loss.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is formulated as:
in the formula (5), the first and second groups,
is the average power loss of the magnetic core per unit volume and unit time, f is the waveform frequency of the current, L is the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop, B is the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core, and H is the magnetic field intensityAnd (4) degree.
Further, for an undistorted current waveform as shown in fig. 2, the core loss calculation formula can also be expressed as:
in the formula (6), HminFor the magnetic field strength corresponding to the lowest point of the applied current, HmaxFor the magnetic field strength corresponding to the maximum applied current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
According to the method for determining the magnetic core loss without current distortion of the integrated circuit, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S-curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained through a method of integrating the hysteresis loop directly according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a core loss determination apparatus for integrated circuit current undistorted according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a core loss determining apparatus for integrated circuit current undistortion, which may include: the device comprises a current supply module 1, an acquisition module 2, a fitting module 3 and a loss determination module 4. The current supply module 1 is used for applying a current having a periodic variation to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system. The acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. The fitting module 3 is configured to determine a parameter of an S-curve for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of feature points, so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The loss determining module 4 is configured to integrate the hysteresis loop according to an equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core, where the core loss calculation formula is:
in the formula, HminThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the lowest point of said currentmaxIs the magnetic field strength corresponding to the peak of the current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, the step of executing the acquisition module 2 may include: in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points respectively to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core. The feature points may include: a first characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; a fourth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and a sixth characteristic point which consists of the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and the numerical value of zero.
In some embodiments, the S-curve is:
wherein a, b, c and d all represent parameters defining the S curve, e is a natural constant, x represents a variable, and y represents the output result of the change of the S curve along with x.
In some embodiments, the performing step of the fitting module 3 may include: according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, respectively defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value and the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as plus infinity and minus infinity; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the fourth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the sixth characteristic point into the S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newton iteration method may include: and respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable. From the iteration variable, a newton iteration formula is determined, where the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable. Determining a target function of the iteration variable, and taking the value of the iteration variable corresponding to the module value as an accurate value of the parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the target function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at a position of the feature point obtained using an S-curve with an iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the position of the feature point.
According to the device for determining the magnetic core loss without current distortion of the integrated circuit, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points so as to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained through a method of integrating the hysteresis loop directly according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
The objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining core loss for integrated circuit current undistorted, comprising:
applying a current having a periodic variation to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system;
under the action of the current, acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core;
determining parameters for fitting an S curve of the hysteresis loop according to the characteristic points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop; and
according to the equation of the magnetic hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss, integrating the magnetic hysteresis loop to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
in the formula, HminThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the lowest point of said currentmaxIs the magnetic field strength corresponding to the peak of the current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of collecting a plurality of characteristic points of a hysteresis loop of the core under the action of the current comprises:
in a plurality of periods of the current, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and
and respectively carrying out averaging processing on the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the characteristic point is a set of pairs of magnetic field strength values applied to the magnetic core and magnetic induction strength values generated by the magnetic core, the pairs having a corresponding relationship; wherein the feature points include:
the first characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core;
the second characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process;
the third characteristic point is composed of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero;
the fourth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core;
the fifth characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and
and the sixth characteristic point consists of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the parameters of the S-curve for fitting the hysteresis loop to obtain the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points comprises:
according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value as positive infinity, and defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as negative infinity;
respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into an S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core;
respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial parameter value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and
and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein Newton's iteration comprises:
determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable;
determining a newton iteration formula from the iteration variable, wherein the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable;
determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
6. An apparatus for determining core loss for integrated circuit current undistorted, comprising:
a current supply module for applying a current having a periodic variation to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of the current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core;
the fitting module is used for determining parameters of an S curve for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop; and
and the loss determining module is used for integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the core loss is as follows:
in the formula, HminThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the lowest point of said currentmaxIs the magnetic field strength corresponding to the peak of the current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the means for acquiring comprises:
in a plurality of periods of the current, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point and a sixth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and
and respectively carrying out averaging processing on the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points and the plurality of sixth measurement points to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point and a sixth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the characteristic point is a set of pairs of magnetic field strength values applied to the magnetic core and magnetic induction strength values generated by the magnetic core, the pairs having a correspondence relationship; wherein the feature points include:
the first characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core;
the second characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process;
the third characteristic point is composed of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero;
the fourth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core;
the fifth characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and
and the sixth characteristic point consists of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the fitting module performs steps comprising:
according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core in the characteristic point reaches a forward saturation value as positive infinity, and respectively defining the corresponding magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core reaches a reverse saturation value as negative infinity;
respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into an S curve to determine a parameter initial value of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core;
respectively substituting the first characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the fifth characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial parameter value of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and
and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein newton's iterative method comprises:
determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable;
determining a newton iteration formula from the iteration variable, wherein the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable; and
determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
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