CN113933597B - Magnetic core loss determination method and device for integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion - Google Patents

Magnetic core loss determination method and device for integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion Download PDF

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CN113933597B
CN113933597B CN202111212578.XA CN202111212578A CN113933597B CN 113933597 B CN113933597 B CN 113933597B CN 202111212578 A CN202111212578 A CN 202111212578A CN 113933597 B CN113933597 B CN 113933597B
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CN113933597A (en
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王芬
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Beijing Wisechip Simulation Technology Co Ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
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    • G01R27/2694—Measuring dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, loss factor or power factor

Abstract

The application provides a magnetic core loss determination method aiming at bidirectional distortion of current of an integrated circuit, which comprises the following steps: a current having a saturation distortion waveform is applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current varies periodically. Under the action of the current, a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are acquired, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the intensity of the magnetic field acting on the magnetic core and the intensity of magnetic induction generated by the magnetic core. And determining parameters for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The hysteresis loop is integrated according to the equation for the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core. The problem that magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain in the prior art under the condition of direct current bias can be avoided, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.

Description

Magnetic core loss determination method and device for integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of integrated circuit technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for determining magnetic core loss for bidirectional current distortion of an integrated circuit.
Background
The core loss of the inductive element of the system-level integrated circuit power system has a nonlinear characteristic, so that the calculation process is difficult, and a more accurate core loss value is difficult to obtain. Traditionally, the core loss of an inductive element is estimated using the Steinmetz equation, i.e.
Figure GDA0003629034560000011
Wherein
Figure GDA0003629034560000012
Is the average power loss per unit time per unit volume of the magnetic core, k, alpha and beta are coefficients related to the magnetic core material, f is the transformer operating frequency under sinusoidal excitation, BmaxThe maximum flux density at which the transformer core operates under sinusoidal excitation. However, the Steinmetz formula is only suitable for sinusoidal excitation, and the excitation current waveform passed by the core of the inductance element of the system-level integrated circuit power supply system is often not a sine wave, so that a large error inevitably exists if the core loss value is estimated by using the Steinmetz formula, and in addition, the power loss of the core is also greatly influenced by the direct current bias.
Considering that the loss caused by the motion of the domain wall in the core of the inductive element is directly related to the rate of change of the magnetic field with time, the Steinmetz equation is improved to a generalized Steinmetz equation, i.e. the equation for Steinmetz
Figure GDA0003629034560000013
Where T is the period of the excitation current waveform,. DELTA.B is the peak value of the magnetic flux density, and k iα and β are coefficients related to the core material. In fact kiα and β are varied, whereas the generalized Steinmetz equation converts k toiα and β are treated as constants so that there is a large error in using the generalized Steinmetz equation under DC bias conditions. Specifically, FIG. 2 is a schematic of a triangular waveform of the excitation current through the core with bidirectional distortion of the input current, k in the generalized Steinmetz equation at different DC offsets of the triangular waveform currentiAlpha and beta are also different. And, as shown in FIG. 2, from 0 to r1Time period T and r2T to r3In the T period, the magnetic flux density and the current generated by the inductance coil of the magnetic core satisfy the following relation:
Figure GDA0003629034560000021
wherein r is a proportionality coefficient of less than 1, mu0For vacuum permeability, N is the number of turns of a coil wound on a core for making an inductive component of an integrated circuit power system, I (t) is the operating waveform of the current applied to the inductive component of the integrated circuit power system, liFor winding on the ith segment of magnetic core to form the length of the ith segment of inductive element, mur,iIs the relative permeability of the i-th segment of the core. Thus, in the range of 0 to r1Time period T and r2T to r3The time period T, the time-dependent rate of change of the magnetic field with time due to the loss caused by the movement of the domain wall in the magnetic core of the inductance element, is 0, i.e., the integral in the time period is 0, i.e., there is no energy loss in the time period according to the above formula. However, in practice, it is in the range of 0 to r 1Time period T and r2T to r3During the T period, some residual loss may result due to relaxation phenomena. In summary, in current signal pairUnder the condition of distortion and direct current bias, the calculation of the magnetic core loss by adopting a generalized Steinmetz formula is still inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application provides a method and apparatus for determining core loss for bi-directional distortion of integrated circuit current, which is intended to solve or partially solve at least one of the problems discussed above and other disadvantages in the related art.
The application provides a method for determining magnetic core loss aiming at bidirectional distortion of integrated circuit current, which comprises the following steps: a current having a saturation distortion waveform is applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current varies periodically. Under the action of the current, a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are acquired, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the intensity of the magnetic field acting on the magnetic core and the intensity of magnetic induction generated by the magnetic core. According to the plurality of characteristic points, parameters for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop are determined to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. Integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core, wherein the calculation formula of the core loss is as follows:
Figure GDA0003629034560000031
Wherein H1minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the beginning of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current2minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the current-to-off period3maxThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the time at which the current reaches the beginning of the saturated distortion current in the period4maxThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the current at which the current reaches saturation distortion in the period, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, under the action of the current, a plurality of characteristic points of a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are acquired, including: in a plurality of current periods, a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are respectively and sequentially acquired. The multiple first measurement points, the multiple second measurement points, the multiple third measurement points, the multiple fourth measurement points, the multiple fifth measurement points, the multiple sixth measurement points, the multiple seventh measurement points and the multiple eighth measurement points are respectively subjected to averaging processing to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point, a sixth characteristic point, a seventh characteristic point and an eighth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a value of a magnetic field intensity applied to the magnetic core and a value of a magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core; wherein, the characteristic point includes: a first characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches reverse saturation, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and the numerical value zero; the fourth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic field intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the fifth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetization process when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic field intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a sixth characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a seventh characteristic point consisting of the coercivity value of the material of the magnetic core during demagnetization and a numerical value of zero; and an eighth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to a magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process.
In some embodiments, determining parameters for fitting an S-curve of the hysteresis loop from the plurality of characteristic points to obtain an equation for the hysteresis loop comprises: according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching reverse saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching reverse saturation as minus infinity, and setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching forward saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching forward saturation as plus infinity; respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newtonian iteration method comprises: respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable; determining a newton iteration formula from the iteration variable, wherein the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable; determining a target function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to the module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the target function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at a position of the feature point obtained using an S-curve with an iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the position of the feature point.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is given by:
Figure GDA0003629034560000061
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003629034560000062
the average power loss of the magnetic core in unit volume and unit time is shown as f, the waveform frequency of the current is shown as L, the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop is shown as L, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core is shown as B, and the magnetic field intensity is shown as H.
The present application further provides an apparatus for determining core loss for bidirectional distortion of integrated circuit current, which may include: the device comprises a current supply module, an acquisition module, a fitting module and a loss determination module. The current supply module is used for applying current with saturated distortion waveform to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current is periodically changed. The acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. The fitting module is used for determining parameters of an S curve for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The loss determination module is used for integrating the hysteresis loop according to an equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
Figure GDA0003629034560000071
Wherein H1minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the beginning of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current2minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the current at the end of the period3maxThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the time at which the current reaches the beginning of the saturated distortion current in the period4maxThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the current at which the current reaches saturation distortion in the period, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, the step of executing the acquisition module comprises: in a plurality of current periods, a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are respectively and sequentially acquired. The multiple first measurement points, the multiple second measurement points, the multiple third measurement points, the multiple fourth measurement points, the multiple fifth measurement points, the multiple sixth measurement points, the multiple seventh measurement points and the multiple eighth measurement points are respectively subjected to averaging processing to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point, a sixth characteristic point, a seventh characteristic point and an eighth characteristic point which are used for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core; wherein, the characteristic point includes: a first characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches reverse saturation, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; a fourth characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic field intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches the forward saturation value in the demagnetization process, and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a sixth characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a seventh characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero; and an eighth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to a magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process.
In some embodiments, the fitting module performs steps comprising: according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching reverse saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching reverse saturation as minus infinity, and setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching forward saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching forward saturation as plus infinity; respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newtonian iteration method comprises:
respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable; determining a Newton iteration formula according to the iteration variable, wherein the Newton iteration formula represents a formula for deducing a next value of the iteration variable according to a previous value of the iteration variable; determining a target function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to the module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the target function is smaller than a preset threshold value; and the target function represents the difference between a calculated value at the position of the characteristic point and a measured value at the position of the characteristic point, wherein the calculated value is obtained by using an S curve taking the iteration variable as a parameter.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is given by:
Figure GDA0003629034560000091
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure GDA0003629034560000092
the average power loss of the magnetic core in unit volume and unit time is shown as f, the waveform frequency of the current is shown as L, the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop is shown as L, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core is shown as B, and the magnetic field intensity is shown as H.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, at least one of the following advantages can be obtained.
According to the method and the device for determining the magnetic core loss of the integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points so as to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained through a method of integrating the hysteresis loop directly according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current bi-directional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a triangular waveform schematic of the excitation current through the core with bidirectional distortion of the input current waveform;
FIG. 3 is a hysteresis loop diagram corresponding to the current waveform shown in FIG. 2 for a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current bi-directional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a hysteresis loop diagram corresponding to the integrated circuit current actual bidirectional distortion current shown in FIG. 2 for a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application when the current is slowly increased; and
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a core loss determination apparatus for bi-directional distortion of integrated circuit current according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present application, various aspects of the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description is merely illustrative of exemplary embodiments of the present application and does not limit the scope of the present application in any way. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. The expression "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the drawings, the size, dimension, and shape of elements have been slightly adjusted for convenience of explanation. The figures are purely diagrammatic and not drawn to scale. As used herein, the terms "approximately," "about," and the like are used as table approximation terms, not as table degree terms, and are intended to account for inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, in the present application, the order in which the processes of the respective steps are described does not necessarily indicate an order in which the processes occur in actual operation, unless explicitly defined otherwise or can be derived from the context.
It will be further understood that terms such as "comprising," "including," "having," "including," and/or "containing," when used in this specification, are open-ended and not closed-ended, and specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Furthermore, when a statement such as "at least one of" appears after a list of listed features, it modifies that entire list of features rather than just individual elements in the list. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of the present application, the use of "may" mean "one or more embodiments of the present application. Also, the term "exemplary" is intended to refer to examples or illustrations.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including engineering and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In addition, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current bi-directional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a method for determining core loss for bidirectional distortion of integrated circuit current, which may include: step S1, a current having a saturation distortion waveform is applied to a magnetic core of an inductance component for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current is periodically changed. And step S2, under the action of the current, acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. In step S3, parameters of an S-curve for fitting the hysteresis loop are determined according to the plurality of feature points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. Step S4, integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core.
In some embodiments, a current having a bidirectional distorted waveform is first applied to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system, i.e., a current having a bidirectional distorted waveform is applied to the magnetic core. It should be noted that, the change of the current applied to the magnetic core may have periodicity, and the working waveform of the current may be a sine wave, a triangle wave, or the like, but the current waveform is bidirectional distorted, that is, the amplification factor of the triode of the analog integrated circuit is too large, which causes the signal voltage and the current output by the triode to reach saturation upwards and cut off downwards, and the wave peak and the wave trough of the output signal are both flattened, so that the current loaded on the magnetic core is bidirectional distorted. In addition, the magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core is generated by the current loaded on the inductance component of the integrated circuit power system, the waveform of the current is identical to the operating waveform of the inductance component of the integrated circuit power system, if the operating waveform of the current applied to the magnetic core is different, the formed hysteresis loop is also different, and in many integrated circuit power systems, the magnetic component needs to be pre-magnetized and biased by direct current or low frequency according to the requirements of the triode in the integrated circuit, for example, in the switching power circuit of the integrated circuit, the magnetic component operating under the condition of direct current bias is generally used, therefore, the input current signal also has the condition of direct current bias, and also, the problem of bidirectional distortion can be caused because the amplification factor is too large, therefore, the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core of the inductance component needs to be determined according to the operating waveform of the current at first, the core loss of the inductive component is then determined by means of an integral method on the basis of the hysteresis loop.
Further, after the current is applied to the magnetic core of the inductance element, a magnetic field varying with the current is generated in the magnetic core under the action of the current, and thus a certain magnetic core loss is generated. Based on the core loss of the core, a corresponding hysteresis loop may be generated. Of course, different current signals through the core will produce hysteresis loops in different states.
FIG. 2 is a triangular waveform schematic of the excitation current through the core with bidirectional distortion of the input current waveform; and FIG. 3 is a hysteresis loop diagram corresponding to the current waveform shown in FIG. 2 for a core loss determination method for integrated circuit current bi-directional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the amplification factor of the triode of the analog integrated circuit is too large, which causes the signal voltage and current output by the triode to reach saturation upwards and cut off downwards, and the wave crest and wave trough of the output signal are both flattened, and the current waveform loaded on the magnetic core is triangular and is bidirectional distorted, and one working period of the current waveform is T, and the maximum value of the current in the period is imaxThe minimum value of the current in the period is i minAnd the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the current in the period is delta iL. Further, iDCFor the average current value of the input current, it can be seen that the average current value is larger than zero, in other words, the current signal has a dc bias phenomenon. In the period T of the working waveform of the current, the working waveform of the current can be seen in the time period 0 to r1In the T time period, the current signal is kept unchanged, and the current of the time period is cut-off distortion current in the period; and the operating waveform of the current is in the time period r2T to r3In T, the current signal remains unchanged, and the current in this period is the saturated distortion current in this period, in other words, the current signal passing through the amplifier has bidirectional distortion. Further, during the period of time when the current is constant, the magnetic field applied to the core is constant, but the magnetization of the core is still proceeding, so that a loss of residual energy still occurs. This is reflected in the hysteresis loop, which, as can be seen in fig. 3, forms a vertical magnetization curve L1To L2Segment, and a vertical demagnetization curve L3To L4And (4) section. L is1To L2The segments correspond to time segments 0 to r1A current operating waveform of T; l is3To L4The segments correspond to time segments r 2T to r3T current operating waveform. At L1To L2In the section, the magnetic induction B rises in the reverse direction but the magnetic field strength H remains at a minimum; at a time point r1After T, the current value continues to increase, and the magnetic field intensity H rises along with the rise of the magnetic induction intensity B until the magnetic field intensity H rises to the highest point L3At this time, the magnetic induction B reaches the maximum value; further, the earth magnetic field intensity H is kept at the maximum positive direction, but the magnetic induction B is further increased until L is reached4At least one of (1) and (b); further, the magnetic induction B decreases with decreasing magnetic induction H until reaching L1At this point, the magnetic induction B reaches the inverse first minimum. It can be seen that the special points of the hysteresis loop may include: l is1To L2End points of segments, i.e. L1Magnetic field intensity H ofminAnd magnetic induction B1minAnd L is2Magnetic field intensity H ofminAnd magnetic induction B2min；L3To L4End points of segments, i.e. L3Magnetic field intensity H ofmaxAnd magnetic induction B3maxAnd L is4Magnetic field intensity H ofmaxAnd magnetic induction B4max(ii) a Magnetic induction B corresponding to zero magnetic field intensity in magnetization processr2At least one of (1) and (b); magnetic field intensity H corresponding to magnetic induction intensity being zero in magnetization processc2At least one of (1) and (b); magnetic induction B corresponding to zero magnetic field strength in demagnetization process r1Treating; and the magnetic field intensity H corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity when the magnetic induction intensity is zero in the demagnetization processc1To (3).
However, in the actual working environment, the distortion current applied to the core is not constant, but the current is still slowly increased from the beginning of the distortion to the end of the distortion, and the applied reverse current is maximized at the end of the distortion, and the hysteresis loop is shown in fig. 4, which is different from fig. 3 in that the hysteresis loop corresponds to the hysteresis loop
Figure GDA0003629034560000161
Segment and
Figure GDA0003629034560000162
the section is not a vertical line with constant external reverse magnetic field intensity, but the external reverse magnetic field intensity H corresponding to the first characteristic point2minGreater than corresponding to eighth feature pointReverse magnetic field strength H1minThe forward magnetic field strength H applied corresponding to the fourth characteristic point3maxThe applied forward magnetic field intensity H is smaller than the corresponding positive magnetic field intensity H of the fifth characteristic point4max。
In some embodiments, the S-curve has a characteristic of being steep in the middle, gentle at both ends, and converging to a fixed value, respectively, and the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core includes a magnetization curve and a demagnetization curve each having the same characteristics as the S-curve. Based on this, this application uses S curve to fit magnetization curve and demagnetization curve respectively, and then can constitute the hysteresis loop of magnetic core.
Firstly, under the action of current, a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of a magnetic core are acquired, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the intensity of magnetic field acting on the magnetic core and the intensity of magnetic induction generated by the magnetic core. In a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points, the plurality of sixth measurement points, the plurality of seventh measurement points and the plurality of eighth measurement points respectively to obtain a first characteristic point, a second characteristic point, a third characteristic point, a fourth characteristic point, a fifth characteristic point, a sixth characteristic point, a seventh characteristic point and an eighth characteristic point for stably characterizing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a magnetic field intensity value applied to the magnetic core and a magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core. The feature points may include: a first characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches reverse saturation, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a second characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process, wherein the value zero is an external magnetic field intensity value in the magnetization process, and the residual magnetic induction intensity value is a corresponding magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core when the external magnetic field intensity value is zero in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value zero, wherein the coercive force value is an external magnetic field strength value which enables the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core to be zero in the magnetization process, and the numerical value zero is the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core corresponding to the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a fourth characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic field intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches the forward saturation value in the demagnetization process, and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a sixth characteristic point consisting of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process, wherein the value zero is an external magnetic field intensity value in the demagnetization process, and the residual magnetic induction intensity value is a magnetic induction intensity value of the magnetic core corresponding to the external magnetic field intensity value when the external magnetic field intensity value is zero in the demagnetization process; a seventh characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value zero, wherein the coercive force value is an external magnetic field strength value which enables the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core to be zero in the demagnetization process, and the numerical value zero is the magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core corresponding to the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; and an eighth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to a magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process. Note that, although the saturation magnetic induction values of the cores of the inductance elements made of different materials are different, the saturation magnetic induction values of the cores made of the same material are the same. In other words, the saturation induction value of the magnetic core is determined by the material of the magnetic core. In addition, the coercive force values of the magnetic cores made of the same material are also the same, namely the coercive force is the demagnetizing field strength required when the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic cores is zero; and when the magnetic field intensity is zero, the residual magnetic induction intensity in the magnetic cores made of the same material is the same.
In the present application, since the waveform of the current input to the core is distorted in both directions, the first characteristic point and the second characteristic point have the same magnetic induction but different magnetic field strengths, and the fifth characteristic point and the sixth characteristic point have the same magnetic induction but different magnetic field strengths.
Further, the formula of the S-curve is:
Figure GDA0003629034560000181
in formula (1), a, b, c, and d each represent a parameter defining an S-curve, e is a natural constant, x represents a variable, and y represents an output result of the S-curve as a function of x.
According to the attribute that the output result y converges to a fixed value when the variable x of the S curve tends to infinity, setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching reverse saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching reverse saturation as minus infinity, and setting the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching forward saturation and the magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching forward saturation as plus infinity; respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; and determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core. And finally, integrating a magnetization curve equation and a demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, when the exact value of the parameter of the S-curve corresponding to the magnetization process or the demagnetization process is determined using the newton iteration method, the respective parameters a, b, c, and d of the S-curve are first determined as the iteration variables, respectively. Determining a Newton iteration formula based on the iteration variable, wherein the Newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable. The newton iterative formula can be expressed as:
P(i+1)＝P(i)-(F′(P(i)))-1F(P(i))， (2)
in formula (2), P is an iteration vector, i is a natural number, and P(i)And F represents the result of the ith iteration of the variable, wherein F is an objective function, and F' is a Jacobian matrix of the objective function.
The target function is the difference value between the value of the S curve at the characteristic point position and the measured value, which is calculated by reversing the parameter of the S curve determined by the iterative method, and the smaller the difference value is, the closer the parameter of the S curve determined by the iterative method is to the true value of the measurement at the characteristic point. The objective function can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003629034560000201
in the formula (3), fiRepresenting a sub-objective function, wherein i is a natural number, specifically, the difference between the position value of the ith characteristic point of the S curve and the corresponding measured value; v. ofcalThe value of the S curve at the position of the characteristic point is calculated in reverse according to the parameters of the S curve determined by an iterative method; v. of meaIs a measurement at the location of the feature point; q is a natural number and represents an acceleration factor of the constructed objective function in the iteration process; n is the number of sub-targeting functions, or the number of feature points.
The Jacobian matrix of the objective function can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003629034560000202
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,
Figure GDA0003629034560000203
representing an objective function FThe l sub-objective function flFor m variable P of iteration variable PmAnd calculating partial derivatives, wherein l, m and n are all natural numbers.
Set the modulus of the objective function | | | F (P)(i)) The threshold value of | | is ε, in response to the modulus value | | | F (P)(i)) If | | is less than the threshold value epsilon, the modulus | | | F (P)(i)) And taking the value of the iteration variable corresponding to the | | as the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve. Furthermore, the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve in the magnetization process is substituted into the S curve formula, and the magnetization curve equation or the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core hysteresis loop can be obtained. Of course, if F (P)(i)) When | | | is greater than or equal to a preset threshold epsilon, P is used(i+1)The iterative operation is continued for the initial value of the iterative variable until | F (P)(i)) And when the | | is smaller than a preset threshold epsilon, ending each parameter iteration process of the S curve formula in the magnetization process. The modulus | | F (P) is(i)) The smaller the | | is, the closer the representation is to the iteration target, and the more accurate the parameters of the obtained S-curve are.
In some embodiments, after obtaining the hysteresis loop, the average power loss of the core can be determined by integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and directly according to the definition of the core loss.
In some embodiments, the core loss calculation is given by:
Figure GDA0003629034560000211
in the formula (5), the first and second groups of the chemical reaction are represented by the following formula,
Figure GDA0003629034560000212
the average power loss of the magnetic core in unit volume and unit time is shown as f, the waveform frequency of the current is shown as L, the integral path of the integral along the hysteresis loop is shown as L, the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core is shown as B, and the magnetic field intensity is shown as H.
Further, for the current waveform of the bidirectional distortion shown in fig. 2, the core loss calculation formula can also be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003629034560000221
in the formula (6), H1minFor the current applied in the cycle to reach the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the start of the cut-off current2minFor the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the off-current for the current applied in the cycle3maxFor the current applied in the cycle to reach the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the start of the saturation distortion current4maxFor the magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the period when the current applied reaches the saturation distortion current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B 2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
According to the method for determining the magnetic core loss of the integrated circuit for the current bidirectional distortion, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points so as to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained through a method of integrating the hysteresis loop directly according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a core loss determination apparatus for integrated circuit current bidirectional distortion according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 5, the present application further provides a core loss determining apparatus for bidirectional distortion of integrated circuit current, which may include: a current supply module 1, an acquisition module 2, a fitting module 3 and a loss determination module 4. The current supply module 1 is used for applying a current with a saturation distortion waveform to a magnetic core of an inductance element for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current is periodically changed. The acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents the change relation between the magnetic field intensity acting on the magnetic core and the magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core. The fitting module 3 is configured to determine a parameter of an S-curve for fitting a hysteresis loop according to the plurality of feature points, so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop. The loss determining module 4 is configured to integrate the hysteresis loop according to an equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the core loss to determine the average power loss of the core, where the core loss calculation formula is:
Figure GDA0003629034560000231
Wherein H1minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the beginning of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current2minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the current at the end of the period3maxThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the beginning of the current reaching saturation distortion in the cycle4maxThe magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the current at which the current reaches saturation distortion in the period, B1(H) The magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
In some embodiments, the acquisition module 2 performs steps comprising: in a plurality of current periods, a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core are respectively and sequentially acquired. The multiple first measurement points, the multiple second measurement points, the multiple third measurement points, the multiple fourth measurement points, the multiple fifth measurement points, the multiple sixth measurement points, the multiple seventh measurement points and the multiple eighth measurement points are respectively subjected to averaging processing to obtain first feature points, second feature points, third feature points, fourth feature points, fifth feature points, sixth feature points, seventh feature points and eighth feature points for stably representing the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the characteristic point is a set of pairs having a correspondence relationship between a value of a magnetic field intensity applied to the magnetic core and a value of a magnetic induction intensity generated by the magnetic core; wherein, the characteristic point includes: a first characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches reverse saturation, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a second characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a third characteristic point consisting of the coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and the numerical value zero; a fourth characteristic point which is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic field intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; a fifth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches the forward saturation value in the demagnetization process, and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a sixth characteristic point consisting of a value of zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; a seventh characteristic point consisting of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero; and an eighth characteristic point consisting of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to a magnetic field intensity value when the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process.
In some embodiments, the performing step of the fitting module 3 comprises: according to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, setting the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaches reverse saturation and the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaches reverse saturation as negative infinity, and setting the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaches forward saturation and the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaches forward saturation as positive infinity; respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process; determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
In some embodiments, the newtonian iteration method comprises:
respectively determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable; determining a Newton iteration formula according to the iteration variable, wherein the Newton iteration formula represents a formula for deducing a next value of the iteration variable according to a previous value of the iteration variable; determining a target function of the iteration variable, and taking the value of the iteration variable corresponding to the module value as the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the target function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at a position of the feature point obtained using an S-curve with an iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the position of the feature point.
According to the device for determining the magnetic core loss of the integrated circuit for the bidirectional current distortion, a plurality of characteristic points of the magnetic core of the inductance element in the integrated power supply circuit system are collected, and then parameters of an S curve used for fitting a magnetic core hysteresis loop are determined through the characteristic points so as to fit the hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, and finally, the magnetic core loss of the inductance element can be obtained by directly integrating the hysteresis loop according to the definition of the magnetic core loss. Based on the above, the problem that the magnetic core loss is difficult to accurately obtain under the condition of direct current bias in the prior art can be solved, and a convenient and accurate mode is provided for determining the magnetic core loss of the inductance element.
The objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for determining core loss for bi-directional distortion of integrated circuit current, comprising:
applying a current having a saturation distortion waveform to a magnetic core of an inductive element for an integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current is periodically varied;
under the effect of electric current, gather a plurality of characteristic points of the hysteresis loop of magnetic core, wherein the hysteresis loop represents to act on the magnetic field intensity of magnetic core with the change relation of the magnetic induction that the magnetic core produced includes: in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points, the plurality of sixth measurement points, the plurality of seventh measurement points, and the plurality of eighth measurement points, respectively, to obtain a first feature point, a second feature point, a third feature point, a fourth feature point, a fifth feature point, a sixth feature point, a seventh feature point, and an eighth feature point for stably characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, where the feature points are a set of pairs having correspondence relationships between magnetic field intensity values acting on the magnetic core and magnetic induction intensity values generated by the magnetic core; wherein the feature points include: the first characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the second characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the third characteristic point is composed of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; the fourth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the fifth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value in the demagnetization process and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; the sixth characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; the seventh characteristic point consists of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero; and the eighth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic field intensity value reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process;
Determining parameters of an S curve used for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the characteristic points to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop; and
according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss, integrating the hysteresis loop to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
Figure FDA0003629034550000021
wherein H1minFor the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the time at which the current reaches the beginning of the cut-off current in the period2minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current3maxFor the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the time at which the current reaches the beginning of the saturated distortion current in the period4maxFor the magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the period when the current reaches the saturation distortion current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) When the magnetic field intensity H is within the corresponding integration intervalAnd the magnetic induction intensity corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field changes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the parameters of the S-curve for fitting the hysteresis loop to obtain the equation of the hysteresis loop according to the plurality of characteristic points comprises:
According to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, setting a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching reverse saturation and a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching reverse saturation as minus infinity, and setting a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetizing process reaching forward saturation and a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic induction intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetizing process reaching forward saturation as plus infinity;
respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core;
respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process;
Determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and
and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the newton's iterative method comprises:
determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable; determining a newton iteration formula from the iteration variable, wherein the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable;
determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
4. A core loss determination apparatus for bi-directional distortion of integrated circuit current, comprising:
The current supply module is used for applying a current with a saturation distortion waveform to a magnetic core of an inductance element for the integrated circuit power supply system, wherein the current is periodically changed;
an acquisition module, configured to acquire a plurality of characteristic points of a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core under the action of the current, wherein the magnetic hysteresis loop represents a variation relationship between a magnetic field strength acting on the magnetic core and a magnetic induction strength generated by the magnetic core, and the execution step includes: in a plurality of current periods, sequentially collecting a first measuring point, a second measuring point, a third measuring point, a fourth measuring point, a fifth measuring point, a sixth measuring point, a seventh measuring point and an eighth measuring point which are used for preliminarily characterizing a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core respectively; and averaging the plurality of first measurement points, the plurality of second measurement points, the plurality of third measurement points, the plurality of fourth measurement points, the plurality of fifth measurement points, the plurality of sixth measurement points, the plurality of seventh measurement points, and the plurality of eighth measurement points, respectively, to obtain a first feature point, a second feature point, a third feature point, a fourth feature point, a fifth feature point, a sixth feature point, a seventh feature point, and an eighth feature point for stably characterizing a hysteresis loop of the magnetic core, where the feature points are a set of pairs having correspondence relationships between magnetic field intensity values acting on the magnetic core and magnetic induction intensity values generated by the magnetic core; wherein the feature points include: the first characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches reverse saturation and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the second characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the third characteristic point is composed of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the magnetization process and a numerical value of zero; the fourth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process when the magnetic induction intensity value reaches the forward saturation value and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the magnetization process; the fifth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic field intensity value reaches the forward saturation value in the demagnetization process and the forward magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; the sixth characteristic point is composed of a value zero and a residual magnetic induction strength value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process; the seventh characteristic point consists of a coercive force value of the material of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process and a numerical value of zero; and the eighth characteristic point is composed of a magnetic field intensity value corresponding to the magnetic field intensity value generated by the magnetic core when the magnetic field intensity value reaches reverse saturation in the demagnetization process, and a reverse magnetic induction intensity saturation value of the magnetic core in the demagnetization process;
The fitting module is used for determining parameters of an S curve for fitting the hysteresis loop according to the characteristic points so as to obtain an equation of the hysteresis loop; and
and the loss determining module is used for integrating the hysteresis loop according to the equation of the hysteresis loop and based on the definition of the magnetic core loss to determine the average power loss of the magnetic core, wherein the calculation formula of the magnetic core loss is as follows:
Figure FDA0003629034550000071
wherein H1minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the beginning of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current2minThe magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the end of the period when the current reaches the cut-off current3maxFor the magnetic field strength, H, corresponding to the time at which the current reaches the beginning of the saturated distortion current in the period4maxFor the magnetic field strength corresponding to the end of the period when the current reaches the saturation distortion current, B1(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the demagnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H changes within the corresponding integration interval, B2(H) Is the magnetic induction corresponding to the magnetization curve when the magnetic field strength H varies within the corresponding integration interval.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the fitting module performs steps comprising:
According to the attribute that the output result converges to a fixed value when the variable of the S curve tends to infinity, setting the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches reverse saturation and the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetization process reaches reverse saturation as negative infinity, and setting the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the magnetization process reaches forward saturation and the corresponding magnetic field strength value when the magnetic induction strength value generated by the magnetic core in the demagnetization process reaches forward saturation as positive infinity;
respectively and sequentially substituting the first characteristic point, the second characteristic point, the third characteristic point and the fourth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process;
determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the magnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the magnetization curve equation of the magnetic core;
respectively and sequentially substituting the fifth characteristic point, the sixth characteristic point, the seventh characteristic point and the eighth characteristic point into the S curve to determine an initial value of a parameter of the S curve corresponding to a demagnetization process;
Determining the accurate value of the parameter of the S curve corresponding to the demagnetization process by adopting a Newton iteration method so as to determine the demagnetization curve equation of the magnetic core; and
and integrating the magnetization curve equation and the demagnetization curve equation to obtain a magnetic hysteresis loop of the magnetic core.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the Newton's iterative method comprises:
determining each parameter of the S curve as an iteration variable; determining a newton iteration formula from the iteration variable, wherein the newton iteration formula represents a formula for deriving a next value of the iteration variable from a previous value of the iteration variable;
determining an objective function of the iteration variable, and taking a value of the iteration variable corresponding to a module value as an accurate value of a parameter of the S curve in response to the condition that the module value of the objective function is smaller than a preset threshold value; wherein the objective function characterizes a difference between a calculated value at the feature point position obtained using an S-curve with the iteration variable as a parameter and a measured value at the feature point position.
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