CN113932146B - Cryogenic pressure container with replaceable molecular sieve and molecular sieve replacement method - Google Patents

Cryogenic pressure container with replaceable molecular sieve and molecular sieve replacement method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113932146B
CN113932146B CN202111088975.0A CN202111088975A CN113932146B CN 113932146 B CN113932146 B CN 113932146B CN 202111088975 A CN202111088975 A CN 202111088975A CN 113932146 B CN113932146 B CN 113932146B
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molecular sieve
adsorption
valve cover
hole
sealing
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CN113932146A (en
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朱明国
邬克山
梁荣桂
罗展鹏
许惠钢
计徐伟
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Jiangyin Furen High Tech Co Ltd
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Jiangyin Furen High Tech Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/116—Molecular sieves other than zeolites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F17C2203/0395—Getter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieves and a replacement method, wherein the cryogenic pressure vessel comprises a molecular sieve absorber arranged in an interlayer space, the molecular sieve absorber comprises a molecular sieve adsorption box arranged on an inner vessel tank body, a box cover arranged on the molecular sieve adsorption box and a vacuum environment special two-way valve arranged on an outer vessel tank body, an adsorption hole is formed in the box cover, the vacuum environment special two-way valve comprises a valve body, an adsorption channel arranged on the valve body, a vacuum sealing hole arranged on the adsorption channel and a thermal expansion sealing plunger arranged on the vacuum sealing hole, an adsorption pipeline is arranged in the interlayer space, one end of the adsorption pipeline is connected with the adsorption hole in the box cover, the other end of the adsorption pipeline is connected with one end of the adsorption channel of the valve body, and the other end of the adsorption channel is communicated with the interlayer space; the molecular sieve adsorption box is also provided with a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline. The invention improves the service life of the cold pressure vessel.

Description

Cryogenic pressure container with replaceable molecular sieve and molecular sieve replacement method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cryogenic pressure vessels, in particular to a cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieves and a replacement method.
Background
A cryogenic pressure vessel (low-temperature heat-insulating tank) is a storage vessel for storing low-temperature liquid gas, and structurally comprises an inner vessel and an outer vessel, wherein a vacuum interlayer space is formed between the inner vessel and the outer vessel to isolate the transfer of external heat, so that the safety of the low-temperature liquefied gas in the inner vessel is ensured. The vacuum degree of the interlayer space of the low-temperature heat insulation tank is a key factor for ensuring the heat insulation effect of the vacuum heat insulation low-temperature container.
In the prior art, the outer wall of the inner vessel of the low-temperature heat-insulating tank is usually wrapped with a layer of heat-insulating material to further improve the heat-insulating effect. However, the thermal insulation material and other functional structural members in the vacuum interlayer often release some gas and moisture during use, so that the vacuum degree of the interlayer space is gradually reduced, thereby affecting the thermal insulation performance of the container. Therefore, a gas adsorption device is usually arranged in the interlayer space of the existing low-temperature heat-insulating tank, a typical gas adsorption device is a molecular sieve adsorber, and the working principle of the low-temperature heat-insulating tank is that gas and moisture continuously released from a vacuum interlayer are effectively adsorbed by utilizing the strong adsorption capacity of a molecular sieve (a silicate crystal particle) on the gas and the moisture at low temperature, so that the vacuum degree of the interlayer space is maintained and not reduced, and the effect of keeping the vacuum degree of the interlayer space for a long time is achieved.
The installation structure of the existing molecular sieve adsorber on the low-temperature heat insulation container is shown in fig. 7, and comprises a molecular sieve container connected to the inner container and an activated molecular sieve filled in the molecular sieve container, wherein the molecular sieve container is provided with a gas adsorption channel communicated with the interlayer space. In order to prevent the molecular sieve from losing activity due to contact with air in the manufacturing and installation processes, a sealing sheet made of aluminum foil or copper foil is further arranged on the gas adsorption channel of the molecular sieve container. After the molecular sieve adsorber is installed in the interlayer space of the low-temperature container, the interlayer space of the low-temperature container is vacuumized, and after the preset vacuum degree requirement is met, the sealing sheet is broken (for example, the sealing sheet is broken by using high-pressure nitrogen), so that the gas adsorption channel of the molecular sieve adsorber is communicated with the vacuum interlayer space.
However, the problems with the prior art molecular sieve adsorbers on cryogenic pressure vessels are: after the molecular sieve adsorber is used for a period of time, the molecular sieve absorbs gas or water to be saturated, so that the molecular sieve adsorber loses activity, and under the action that the heat-insulating material in the cryogenic pressure vessel slowly releases gas or under the condition that the interlayer space of the cryogenic pressure vessel has chronic leakage, the vacuum degree in the interlayer space of the cryogenic pressure vessel is gradually reduced, so that the service life of the cryogenic pressure vessel is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cryogenic pressure vessel with a replaceable molecular sieve and a replacement method, aiming at prolonging the service life of the cold pressure vessel. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a cryogenic pressure container with a replaceable molecular sieve comprises an inner container, an outer container, an interlayer space formed between the inner container and the outer container, and a molecular sieve adsorber arranged in the interlayer space, wherein the molecular sieve adsorber comprises a molecular sieve adsorption box arranged on a tank body of the inner container, a molecular sieve filled in the molecular sieve adsorption box and used for adsorbing gas and moisture in the interlayer space, a box cover arranged on the molecular sieve adsorption box and used for sealing the molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box, and a vacuum environment special two-way valve arranged on the outer container body, wherein the box cover is provided with an adsorption hole, the adsorption hole is provided with a sealing sheet capable of being broken through, the vacuum environment special two-way valve comprises a valve body, an adsorption channel arranged on the valve body, a vacuum sealing hole arranged on the adsorption channel, and a thermal expansion sealing plunger arranged on the vacuum sealing hole and used for plugging or opening the adsorption channel, an adsorption pipeline is arranged in the interlayer space, one end of the adsorption pipeline is connected with one end of the adsorption channel on the box cover, the other end of the adsorption channel of the valve body is connected with one end of the adsorption channel of the valve body, and the other end of the adsorption channel of the valve body is communicated with the adsorption channel of the interlayer space; the molecular sieve adsorption box is also provided with a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline which are used for replacing a part of molecular sieves in the molecular sieve adsorption box, and the feeding pipeline and the discharging pipeline respectively extend to the outside of the tank wall of the outer container and are blocked by end sockets.
The sealing sheet capable of being broken keeps complete in the manufacturing and installing processes of the molecular sieve adsorber, the molecular sieve adsorber is installed on the interlayer space, and is broken through high-pressure nitrogen after the interlayer space is vacuumized, so that the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box is communicated with the adsorption channel.
Preferably, the adsorption passage on the valve body includes a main adsorption passage, and an inlet-side adsorption passage and an outlet-side adsorption passage which are respectively connected to lateral surfaces of two ends of the main adsorption passage in a transverse manner, one end of the main adsorption passage close to the inlet-side adsorption passage is arranged in a closed manner, and the vacuum sealing hole is located at one end of the main adsorption passage close to the inlet-side adsorption passage; a valve cover is arranged at one end, close to the outlet side adsorption channel, of the main adsorption channel, a valve cover hole is formed in the valve cover, an electric soldering iron used for heating the thermal expansion sealing plunger is inserted into the valve cover hole, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger is connected with the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod inserted into the main adsorption channel; and a telescopic corrugated pipe is arranged inside the main adsorption channel and at the periphery of the electric soldering iron heating rod, a pipe orifice at one end of the corrugated pipe is in sealing connection with the valve cover, and a pipe orifice at the other end of the corrugated pipe is in sealing connection with the thermal expansion sealing plunger.
In the invention, the diameter of the main adsorption channel is larger than the diameter of the inner hole of the vacuum sealing hole.
In the invention, a protective sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the corrugated pipe, the protective sleeve is fixed on the valve cover, and a gap is formed between the protective sleeve and the corrugated pipe.
When the pressure inside and outside the corrugated pipe is unbalanced, the protective sleeve can support and protect the corrugated pipe and prevent the corrugated pipe from excessively deforming.
In the invention, a high-temperature-resistant sealing element is also arranged between the valve cover hole of the valve cover and the electric soldering iron heating rod.
Preferably, the valve cover is further provided with a vacuumizing pipeline for balancing the pressure inside and outside the corrugated pipe, and the vacuumizing pipeline is connected with a vacuumizing device.
The thermal expansion sealing plunger is heated by using the electric soldering iron, so that interference sealing fit is realized between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole, and an adsorption channel on the valve body is blocked; heating of the electric soldering iron is cancelled, so that the thermal expansion sealing plunger is gradually cooled to a normal state, clearance fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole is realized, and an adsorption channel on the valve body is opened.
The heat expansion sealing plunger can move away from the vacuum sealing hole or enter the vacuum sealing hole by operating a handle of the electric soldering iron; when the thermal expansion sealing plunger moves away from the vacuum sealing hole, the adsorption channel is in a maximum opening state; after the molecular sieve adsorber is installed on the interlayer space, the breakable sealing sheet is broken through filling dry high-pressure nitrogen into the feeding pipeline, so that the molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box can adsorb gas and water in the interlayer space through the adsorption channel.
According to the invention, the valve cover heater is arranged on the valve cover, and the valve cover heater is used for heating the valve cover, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is heated and expanded to realize clearance fit with a heating rod of the electric soldering iron; the valve cover is cooled to a normal state by canceling the heating of the valve cover heater, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is contracted to realize interference sealing fit with a heating rod of the electric soldering iron.
Under the normal working state of the cryogenic pressure vessel, the valve cover heater does not work. At the moment, the electric soldering iron heating rod and the valve cover hole in the valve cover are in interference sealing fit, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod is in a state of being separated from the vacuum sealing hole, so that an adsorption channel for communicating the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box with the interlayer space is formed.
In order to realize high-reliability sealing between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole, a circle of annular cavity is arranged on the valve body and positioned at the periphery of the vacuum sealing hole along the circumferential direction, a cooling liquid inlet hole and a cooling liquid outlet hole are respectively formed in the circle of annular cavity, and the circle of annular cavity is connected with a cooling system through the cooling liquid inlet hole and the cooling liquid outlet hole.
Preferably, the annular cavity is a rectangular annular cavity formed by drilling a hole in the valve body.
In the invention, a steel wire mesh filtering separation blade for blocking a molecular sieve is connected and arranged in the molecular sieve adsorption box through a buckle, and the steel wire mesh filtering separation blade is connected on the inner wall of the molecular sieve adsorption box between the molecular sieve and the box cover and separates the molecular sieve and the box cover by a certain distance; and a filter screen is arranged on the valve body at the inlet part of the inlet side adsorption channel.
In the invention, the adsorption pipeline and the box cover, the adsorption pipeline and the valve body, the valve cover and the valve body, the corrugated pipe and the valve cover, the corrugated pipe and the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the protective sleeve and the valve cover are connected by welding to form high-vacuum sealing.
In the invention, the thermal expansion sealing plunger is connected to the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod through thread fit and is fixed through welding.
In the invention, the adsorption pipeline can be improved into a bent adsorption pipeline, and the bent adsorption pipeline can compensate relative displacement between the inner container and the outer container caused by temperature change.
A molecular sieve replacement method of a cryogenic pressure vessel with a replaceable molecular sieve comprises the following steps:
(1) Plugging an adsorption channel: the valve cover heater is started to heat the valve cover, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is expanded, and the clearance fit between a heating rod of the electric soldering iron and the valve cover hole is realized; then operating a handle of the electric soldering iron to enable a thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of a heating rod of the electric soldering iron to enter a vacuum sealing hole of the valve body; then closing the valve cover heater, and gradually cooling the valve cover to a normal state to recover the valve cover hole on the valve cover to an interference sealing fit state with the electric soldering iron heating rod; finally, the electric soldering iron is started to heat a thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger is subjected to thermal expansion, so that sealing interference fit is realized between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole, and an adsorption channel of the valve cover is blocked; after the electric soldering iron is started, a certain heating temperature is maintained so that the adsorption channel is always in a blocking state;
(2) Discharging the old material: removing end enclosures on the feeding pipeline and the discharging pipeline, and discharging the old molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box from the discharging pipeline by adopting a method of filling compressed air into the feeding pipeline or a method of vacuumizing the discharging pipeline;
(3) Adding new materials: arranging a material blocking net at the end part of the discharge pipeline, and then adding a new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box from the feed pipeline until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by arranging a feed pump on the feed pipeline, or sucking the new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box from the feed pipeline until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by connecting a vacuum pump on the discharge pipeline;
(4) Vacuumizing: plugging a feeding pipeline, connecting a material blocking net and a vacuum pump on a discharging pipeline to vacuumize the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box, and plugging the discharging pipeline after vacuumizing is completed;
(5) Opening an adsorption channel: closing the electric soldering iron to gradually cool the thermal expansion sealing plunger to a normal state, thereby realizing the clearance fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole; then the valve cover heater is turned on again, and the valve cover expands under heat, so that the clearance fit between the valve cover hole on the valve cover and the electric soldering iron heating rod is realized; then operating the handle of the electric soldering iron, and moving the thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of the heating rod of the electric soldering iron away from the vacuum sealing hole, thereby realizing the opening of the adsorption channel; and closing the valve cover heater after the adsorption channel is opened, and gradually cooling the valve cover to a normal state, so that the valve cover hole on the valve cover is contracted and is in interference sealing fit with the heating rod of the electric soldering iron again.
As a further improvement of the molecular sieve replacement method, in the process that the thermal expansion sealing plunger enters the vacuum sealing hole and is heated by using an electric soldering iron, the vacuum sealing hole part of the valve body is cooled by a cooling system connected to the annular cavity of the valve body, so that the reliability of interference sealing fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole is improved.
Preferably, when the pressure inside and outside the corrugated pipe is unbalanced, so that the resistance is large in the process of operating the electric soldering iron to move, the vacuumizing device connected with the vacuumizing pipeline on the valve cover is started to balance the pressure inside and outside the corrugated pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, according to the cryogenic pressure vessel with the replaceable molecular sieve and the replacement method thereof, the two-way valve specially designed for the vacuum environment realizes the periodic replacement of the molecular sieve on the cryogenic pressure vessel, so that the technical problem that the molecular sieve on the traditional cryogenic pressure vessel cannot be replaced after losing activity is solved, and the service life of the cryogenic pressure vessel is prolonged.
Secondly, according to the cryogenic pressure vessel with the replaceable molecular sieve and the replacement method, the specially designed two-way valve special for the vacuum environment can ensure high-reliability sealing between the adsorption channel and the external environment, so that the risk of leakage of an interlayer space when the cryogenic pressure vessel is subjected to molecular sieve replacement can be avoided.
Thirdly, the replaceable structure of the molecular sieve realizes the periodic or irregular replacement of the molecular sieve on the cryogenic pressure vessel, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the cryogenic pressure vessel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molecular sieve replaceable cryogenic pressure vessel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the FIG. 1 apparatus relating to a molecular sieve adsorption cassette and a two-way valve portion dedicated to a vacuum environment;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 2 (with the adsorption channel in an open state);
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric soldering iron and the thermal expansion sealing plunger in fig. 3 after being displaced into the vacuum sealing hole (the adsorption channel is in a blocking state).
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an annular cavity portion of the valve body.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a structure in which an adsorption piping is modified into a bent piping
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a prior art molecular sieve adsorber in a cryogenic pressure vessel.
In the figure: 1. the vacuum adsorption device comprises an inner container, 2, an outer container, 3, an interlayer space, 4, a molecular sieve adsorber, 5, a molecular sieve adsorption box, 6, a molecular sieve, 7, a box cover, 8, a two-way valve special for a vacuum environment, 9, adsorption holes, 10, a sealing sheet, 11, a valve body, 12, a vacuum sealing hole, 13, a thermal expansion sealing plunger, 14, an adsorption pipeline, 15, a feeding pipeline, 16, a discharging pipeline, 17, a sealing head, 18, a main adsorption channel, 19, an inlet side adsorption channel, 20, an outlet side adsorption channel, 21, a valve cover, 22, an electric soldering iron (handle part), 23, an electric soldering iron heating rod, 24, a corrugated pipe, 25, a protective sleeve, 26, a high-temperature resistant sealing element, 27, a vacuum pumping pipeline, 28, a valve cover heater, 29, an annular cavity, 30, a cooling liquid inlet hole, 31, a cooling liquid outlet hole, 32, a steel wire mesh filtering baffle, 33 and a filter screen.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
fig. 1 to 7 show an embodiment of a cryogenic pressure vessel with a replaceable molecular sieve according to the present invention, which includes an inner container 1, an outer container 2, an interlayer space 3 formed between the inner container 1 and the outer container 2, and a molecular sieve adsorber 4 disposed in the interlayer space 3, where the molecular sieve adsorber 4 includes a molecular sieve adsorption box 5 disposed on a tank body of the inner container 1, a molecular sieve 6 filled in the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 for adsorbing gas and moisture in the interlayer space 3, a box cover 7 disposed on the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 for sealing the molecular sieve 6 inside the molecular sieve adsorption box 5, a two-way valve 8 dedicated for vacuum environment disposed on a tank body of the outer container 2, the box cover 7 is provided with an adsorption hole 9, the adsorption hole 9 is provided with a breakable sealing sheet 10, the two-way valve 8 dedicated for vacuum environment includes a valve body 11 and an adsorption channel disposed on the valve body 11, a vacuum hole 12 disposed on the adsorption channel, an adsorption channel 12 disposed on the vacuum sealing hole 12 for plugging or opening the adsorption channel, a plunger 13 disposed in the interlayer space 3, and a pipeline 14 disposed in the adsorption channel 14 disposed in the adsorption space 11, and a pipeline 14 connected to the adsorption channel 13, and another end of the adsorption channel 11, and the adsorption channel 14 are connected to the adsorption pipe 13; the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 is also provided with a feeding pipeline 15 and a discharging pipeline 16 for replacing the molecular sieve 6 in the molecular sieve adsorption box 5, and the feeding pipeline 15 and the discharging pipeline 16 respectively extend to the outside of the tank wall of the outer tank 2 and are blocked by end sockets 17.
The sealing sheet 10 capable of being broken keeps complete in the manufacturing and installation processes of the molecular sieve adsorber 4, the molecular sieve adsorber 4 is installed on the interlayer space 3 and is broken through high-pressure nitrogen after the interlayer space 3 is vacuumized, and therefore the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 is communicated with the adsorption channel.
Preferably, the adsorption passage on the valve body 11 includes a main adsorption passage 18, and an inlet-side adsorption passage 19 and an outlet-side adsorption passage 20 respectively connected to lateral surfaces of two ends of the main adsorption passage 18, wherein one end of the main adsorption passage 18 close to the inlet-side adsorption passage 19 is closed, and the vacuum sealing hole 12 is located at one end of the main adsorption passage 18 close to the inlet-side adsorption passage 19; a valve cover 21 is arranged at one end of the main adsorption channel 18 close to the outlet side adsorption channel 20, a valve cover hole is formed in the valve cover 21, an electric soldering iron 22 for heating the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is inserted into the valve cover hole, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is connected with the front end of an electric soldering iron heating rod 23 inserted into the main adsorption channel 18; a telescopic corrugated pipe 24 is arranged inside the main adsorption channel 18 and at the periphery of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23, a pipe orifice at one end of the corrugated pipe 24 is in sealing connection with the valve cover 21, and a pipe orifice at the other end of the corrugated pipe 24 is in sealing connection with the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the main suction passage 18 is larger than the inner diameter of the vacuum sealing hole 12.
In this embodiment, a protective sleeve 25 is disposed on the periphery of the corrugated tube 24, and the protective sleeve 25 is fixed on the valve cover 21 and has a gap with the corrugated tube 24.
When the pressure inside and outside the corrugated pipe 24 is unbalanced, the protective sleeve 25 can support and protect the corrugated pipe 24 and prevent the corrugated pipe 24 from excessively deforming.
In this embodiment, a high temperature sealing element 26 is further disposed between the valve cover hole of the valve cover 21 and the electric soldering iron heating rod 23.
Preferably, the valve cover 21 is further provided with a vacuum pipeline 27 for balancing the pressure inside and outside the bellows 24, and the vacuum pipeline 27 is connected with a vacuum device.
The thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is heated by using the electric soldering iron 22, so that the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is in interference sealing fit with the vacuum sealing hole 12, and an adsorption channel on the valve body 11 is blocked; by canceling the heating of the electric soldering iron 22, the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is gradually cooled to a normal state, so that the clearance fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 and the vacuum sealing hole 12 is realized, and the adsorption channel on the valve body 11 is opened.
The heat expansion sealing plunger 13 can be moved away from the vacuum sealing hole 12 or enter the vacuum sealing hole 12 by operating the handle of the electric soldering iron 22; when the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 moves away from the vacuum sealing hole 12, the adsorption channel is in a maximum opening state; after the molecular sieve adsorber 4 is installed on the interlayer space 3, the breakable sealing sheet 10 is broken by filling dry high-pressure nitrogen into the feeding pipeline 15, so that the adsorption effect of the molecular sieve 6 in the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 on the gas and water in the interlayer space 3 through the adsorption channels 19, 18 and 20 is realized.
In this embodiment, the valve cover 21 is provided with a valve cover heater 28, and the valve cover heater 28 is used to heat the valve cover 21, so that a valve cover hole on the valve cover 21 is heated and expanded to realize clearance fit with the heating rod 23 of the electric soldering iron 22; the valve cover 21 is cooled to a normal state by removing the heating of the valve cover heater 28, so that a valve cover hole on the valve cover 21 is shrunk to realize interference sealing fit with the heating rod 23 of the electric soldering iron 22.
The bonnet heater 28 is inactive during normal operation of the cryogenic pressure vessel. At this time, the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 and the valve cover hole on the valve cover 21 are in interference sealing fit, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 is in a state of being separated from the vacuum sealing hole 12, so that an adsorption channel communicating the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 and the interlayer space 3 is formed.
In order to realize high-reliability sealing between the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 and the vacuum sealing hole 12, a circle of annular cavity 29 is arranged on the valve body 11 and positioned at the periphery of the vacuum sealing hole 12 along the circumferential direction, a cooling liquid inlet hole 30 and a cooling liquid outlet hole 31 are respectively formed in the circle of annular cavity 29, and the circle of annular cavity 29 is connected with a cooling system through the cooling liquid inlet hole 30 and the cooling liquid outlet hole 31.
Preferably, the annular cavity 29 is a rectangular annular cavity 29 formed by drilling a hole in the valve body 11.
In this embodiment, a steel wire mesh filtering baffle 32 for blocking the molecular sieve 6 is connected and arranged in the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 through a buckle, the steel wire mesh filtering baffle 32 is connected to the inner wall of the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 between the molecular sieve 6 and the box cover 7, and the molecular sieve 6 and the box cover 7 are separated by a distance; a strainer 33 is provided on the valve body 11 at an inlet portion of the inlet-side adsorption passage 19.
In this embodiment, the adsorption pipeline 14 and the box cover 7, the adsorption pipeline 14 and the valve body 11, the valve cover 21 and the valve body 11, the bellows 24 and the valve cover 21, the bellows 24 and the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13, and the protective sleeve 25 and the valve cover 21 are all connected by welding to form a high vacuum seal.
In this embodiment, the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is connected to the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 by screw thread fitting and fixed by welding.
In this embodiment, the adsorption pipeline may be further modified into a curved adsorption pipeline (as shown in fig. 6), and the curved adsorption pipeline may compensate for the relative displacement between the inner container 1 and the outer container 2 caused by the temperature change.
Example 2:
a method of molecular sieve replacement using a cryogenic pressure vessel in which the molecular sieve of example 1 is replaceable, comprising the steps of:
(1) Plugging an adsorption channel: the valve cover heater 28 is started to heat the valve cover 21, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover 21 is expanded, and the clearance fit between the heating rod 23 of the electric soldering iron 22 and the valve cover hole is realized; then the handle of the electric soldering iron 22 is operated, so that the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 enters the vacuum sealing hole 12 of the valve body 11; then the valve cover heater 28 is closed, the valve cover 21 is gradually cooled to a normal state, and a valve cover hole in the valve cover 21 is restored to be in interference seal fit with the electric soldering iron heating rod 23; finally, the electric soldering iron 22 is started to heat the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 expands when heated, so that the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 and the vacuum sealing hole 12 are in sealing interference fit, and an adsorption channel of the valve cover 21 is blocked; after the electric soldering iron 22 is started, a certain heating temperature is maintained, so that the adsorption channel is always in a blocking state;
(2) Discharging the old material: removing end enclosures on the feeding pipeline 15 and the discharging pipeline 16, and discharging the old molecular sieve 6 in the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 from the discharging pipeline 16 by adopting a method of filling compressed air into the feeding pipeline 15 or a method of vacuumizing the discharging pipeline 16;
(3) Adding new materials: arranging a material blocking net at the end part of the discharge pipeline 16, then adding a new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 from the feed pipeline 15 until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by arranging a feed pump on the feed pipeline 15, or sucking the new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box 5 from the feed pipeline 15 until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by connecting a vacuum pump on the discharge pipeline 16;
(4) Vacuumizing: plugging the feeding pipeline 15, connecting a material blocking net and a vacuum pump on the discharging pipeline 16 to vacuumize the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box 5, and plugging the discharging pipeline 16 after vacuumization is finished;
(5) Opening an adsorption channel: the electric soldering iron 22 is turned off, so that the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 is gradually cooled to a normal state, and the clearance fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 and the vacuum sealing hole 12 is realized; then the valve cover heater 28 is turned on again, the valve cover 21 is heated to expand, and therefore the clearance fit between the valve cover hole in the valve cover 21 and the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 is achieved; then operating the handle of the electric soldering iron 22 to move the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 at the front end of the electric soldering iron heating rod 23 away from the vacuum sealing hole 12, thereby realizing the opening of the adsorption channel; after the adsorption channel is opened, the valve cover heater 28 is closed, the valve cover 21 is gradually cooled to a normal state, so that the valve cover hole on the valve cover 21 is shrunk and is in interference sealing fit with the heating rod 23 of the electric soldering iron 22 again.
As a further improvement of the molecular sieve replacement method in this embodiment, in the process that the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 enters the vacuum sealing hole 12 and the electric soldering iron 22 is used to heat the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13, the cooling system connected to the annular cavity 29 of the valve body 11 is also used to cool the vacuum sealing hole 12 of the valve body 11, so as to improve the reliability of the interference sealing fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger 13 and the vacuum sealing hole 12.
Preferably, when the pressure imbalance between the inside and outside of the bellows 24 causes a large resistance during the movement of the operation electric soldering iron 22, the vacuum pumping device connected to the vacuum pumping line 27 of the valve cover 21 is turned on to balance the pressure inside and outside of the bellows 24.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A cryogenic pressure container with a replaceable molecular sieve is characterized by comprising an inner container, an outer container, an interlayer space formed between the inner container and the outer container, and a molecular sieve adsorber arranged on the interlayer space, wherein the molecular sieve adsorber comprises a molecular sieve adsorption box arranged on a tank body of the inner container, a molecular sieve filled in the molecular sieve adsorption box and used for adsorbing gas and moisture in the interlayer space, a box cover arranged on the molecular sieve adsorption box and used for sealing the molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box, and a special vacuum environment two-way valve arranged on the outer container, wherein the box cover is provided with adsorption holes, sealing sheets capable of being broken are arranged on the adsorption holes, the special vacuum environment two-way valve comprises a valve body, an adsorption channel arranged on the valve body, a vacuum sealing hole arranged on the adsorption channel, and a sealing plunger arranged on the vacuum sealing hole and used for plugging or opening the adsorption channel, an adsorption pipeline is arranged in the interlayer space, one end of the adsorption pipeline is connected with the adsorption channel on the box cover, the other end of the adsorption pipeline is connected with one end of the adsorption channel of the valve body, and the other end of the adsorption channel is communicated with a thermal expansion channel of the adsorption channel of the valve body; the molecular sieve adsorption box is also provided with a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline which are used for replacing part of molecular sieves in the molecular sieve adsorption box, and the feeding pipeline and the discharging pipeline respectively extend to the outside of the tank wall of the outer container and are blocked by end sockets;
the adsorption channel on the valve body comprises a main adsorption channel, an inlet side adsorption channel and an outlet side adsorption channel which are respectively and transversely connected with the side surfaces of two ends of the main adsorption channel, one end, close to the inlet side adsorption channel, of the main adsorption channel is arranged in a closed mode, and the vacuum sealing hole is formed in one end, close to the inlet side adsorption channel, of the main adsorption channel; a valve cover is arranged at one end, close to the outlet side adsorption channel, of the main adsorption channel, a valve cover hole is formed in the valve cover, an electric soldering iron used for heating the thermal expansion sealing plunger is inserted into the valve cover hole, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger is connected with the front end of a heating rod of the electric soldering iron inserted into the main adsorption channel; a telescopic corrugated pipe is arranged in the main adsorption channel and at the periphery of a heating rod of the electric soldering iron, a pipe orifice at one end of the corrugated pipe is in sealing connection with the valve cover, and a pipe orifice at the other end of the corrugated pipe is in sealing connection with the thermal expansion sealing plunger;
the valve cover heater is arranged on the valve cover, and the valve cover heater is used for heating the valve cover, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is heated and expanded to be in clearance fit with a heating rod of the electric soldering iron; the valve cover is cooled to a normal state by canceling the heating of the valve cover heater, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is contracted to be in interference sealing fit with a heating rod of the electric soldering iron.
2. The cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieve according to claim 1, wherein a protective sleeve is arranged on the periphery of the bellows, the protective sleeve is fixed on the valve cover, and a gap is arranged between the protective sleeve and the bellows; and the valve cover is also provided with a vacuumizing pipeline for balancing the internal and external pressures of the corrugated pipe, and the vacuumizing pipeline is connected with a vacuumizing device.
3. The cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieve according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption channel on the valve body is blocked by heating the thermal expansion sealing plunger through the electric soldering iron to enable interference sealing fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole; the heat expansion sealing plunger is gradually cooled to a normal state by canceling the heating of the electric soldering iron, so that the clearance fit between the heat expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole is realized, and the adsorption channel on the valve body is opened.
4. The cryogenic pressure vessel of claim 3, wherein the heat expandable sealing plunger is moved away from or into the vacuum sealing bore by operation of a handle of the electric soldering iron; when the thermal expansion sealing plunger moves away from the vacuum sealing hole, the adsorption channel is in a maximum opening state; after the molecular sieve adsorber is installed on the interlayer space, the breakable sealing sheet is broken by filling dry high-pressure nitrogen into the feeding pipeline, so that the molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box can adsorb gas and water in the interlayer space through the adsorption channel.
5. The cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieve according to claim 3, wherein a ring of annular cavity is circumferentially arranged on the valve body at the periphery of the vacuum sealing hole, a cooling liquid inlet hole and a cooling liquid outlet hole are respectively formed in the ring of annular cavity, and the ring of annular cavity is connected with a cooling system through the cooling liquid inlet hole and the cooling liquid outlet hole.
6. The cryogenic pressure vessel with replaceable molecular sieve according to claim 1, wherein a steel wire mesh filtering baffle for blocking the molecular sieve is arranged in the molecular sieve adsorption box through a buckle connection, and the steel wire mesh filtering baffle is connected to the inner wall of the molecular sieve adsorption box between the molecular sieve and the box cover and separates the molecular sieve and the box cover by a certain distance; and a filter screen is arranged on the valve body at the inlet part of the inlet side adsorption channel.
7. A molecular sieve replacement method using a cryogenic pressure vessel in which the molecular sieve of any of claims 1 to 6 is replaced, comprising the steps of:
(1) Plugging an adsorption channel: the valve cover heater is started to heat the valve cover, so that a valve cover hole in the valve cover is expanded, and the clearance fit between a heating rod of the electric soldering iron and the valve cover hole is realized; then operating a handle of the electric soldering iron to enable a thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of a heating rod of the electric soldering iron to enter a vacuum sealing hole of the valve body; then the valve cover heater is closed, the valve cover is gradually cooled to a normal state, and a valve cover hole in the valve cover is restored to be in interference sealing fit with a heating rod of the electric soldering iron; finally, the electric soldering iron is started to heat a thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of a heating rod of the electric soldering iron, and the thermal expansion sealing plunger is subjected to thermal expansion, so that sealing interference fit is realized between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole, and an adsorption channel of the valve cover is blocked; after the electric soldering iron is started, a certain heating temperature is maintained, so that the adsorption channel is always in a blocking state;
(2) Discharging the old material: removing end enclosures on the feeding pipeline and the discharging pipeline, and discharging the old molecular sieve in the molecular sieve adsorption box from the discharging pipeline by adopting a method of filling compressed air into the feeding pipeline or a method of vacuumizing the discharging pipeline;
(3) Adding new materials: arranging a material blocking net at the end part of the discharge pipeline, and then adding a new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box from the feed pipeline until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by arranging a feed pump on the feed pipeline, or sucking the new molecular sieve into the molecular sieve adsorption box from the feed pipeline until the molecular sieve adsorption box is filled by connecting a vacuum pump on the discharge pipeline;
(4) Vacuumizing: plugging a feeding pipeline, connecting a material blocking net and a vacuum pump on a discharging pipeline to vacuumize the interior of the molecular sieve adsorption box, and plugging the discharging pipeline after vacuumizing is completed;
(5) Opening an adsorption channel: closing the electric soldering iron to gradually cool the thermal expansion sealing plunger to a normal state, thereby realizing clearance fit between the thermal expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole; then the valve cover heater is turned on again, and the valve cover expands under heat, so that the clearance fit between the valve cover hole on the valve cover and a heating rod of the electric soldering iron is realized; then operating the handle of the electric soldering iron, and moving the thermal expansion sealing plunger at the front end of the heating rod of the electric soldering iron away from the vacuum sealing hole, thereby realizing the opening of the adsorption channel; and closing the valve cover heater after the adsorption channel is opened, and gradually cooling the valve cover to a normal state, so that the valve cover hole on the valve cover is contracted and is in interference sealing fit with the heating rod of the electric soldering iron again.
8. The molecular sieve replacement method of a cryogenic pressure vessel with a replaceable molecular sieve according to claim 7, wherein during the process of entering the heat expansion sealing plunger into the vacuum sealing hole and heating the heat expansion sealing plunger with an electric iron, the vacuum sealing hole of the valve body is further cooled by a cooling system connected to the annular cavity of the valve body, thereby improving the reliability of the interference sealing fit between the heat expansion sealing plunger and the vacuum sealing hole.
CN202111088975.0A 2021-09-16 2021-09-16 Cryogenic pressure container with replaceable molecular sieve and molecular sieve replacement method Active CN113932146B (en)

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