CN113931643A

CN113931643A - Small shield machine

Info

Publication number: CN113931643A
Application number: CN202111363468.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴仕伟; 张建军; 彭立; 王军
Original assignee: Hunan Jianweitong Mechanical Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Jianweitong Mechanical Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-24
Filing date: 2021-11-17
Publication date: 2022-01-14
Also published as: CN113622932A

Abstract

The invention discloses a small shield machine which comprises an outer shaft barrel, wherein a partition plate is arranged in the outer shaft barrel to divide a shaft cavity of the outer shaft barrel into a muddy water cabin and an installation cabin. The opening end of the muddy water cabin is provided with a filter screen, cutter heads are arranged on the outer side of the filter screen at intervals, a crushing cabin is formed between each cutter head and the filter screen, hole expanding cutters, scraping cutters and bit pressing cutters are distributed on each cutter head in a dispersing mode, and the crushing cabin is used for further crushing mud blocks and crushed stones entering the crushing cabin under the matched extrusion of the filter screen and the cutter heads so as to enter the muddy water cabin communicated with the filter screen and be discharged outside. The installation cabin is internally provided with a power system and a water inlet slurry discharge system, the power system axially penetrates through the muddy water cabin and is connected with the cutter head after being filtered by the filter screen, and the water inlet slurry discharge system is arranged at the periphery of the power system so as to supply outside washing water into the crushing cabin and simultaneously discharge muddy water in the muddy water cabin out of the shield machine. The small shield machine has a wide application range, and can effectively prevent the blockage of a water inlet and slurry discharge system.

Description

Small shield machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water and electricity pipeline construction, in particular to a small shield tunneling machine.

Background

When the construction of hydropower pipelines such as subways, railways, highways, municipal works and the like, the existing general construction method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out semi-closed excavation at a position where a hydroelectric pipeline needs to be laid, namely excavating an inwards-concave installation channel from top to bottom along the length direction of pipeline laying, then laying the hydroelectric pipeline in the installation channel, and finally filling and closing. In view of the technical problems of the existing construction method, the invention provides a small shield machine similar to the shield machine for tunneling.

The small shield machine is simple in structure and single in function, can be only used for an earth stratum, a weathered rock stratum or a rock stratum, and is not suitable for mixed strata of earth, weathered rock, rock and the like, so that the application range is small, and the use economy is low.

When the small shield machine works, flushing water is sprayed into a crushing cabin between the cutter head and the filter screen through the water inlet and slurry discharge system, and simultaneously, muddy water formed by flushing is led out from the muddy water cabin. The cutter head has poor crushing effect on mud blocks and rocks generated in the tunneling process, so that the formed muddy water often contains blocky mud blocks and broken stones with large diameters, and the water inlet and slurry discharge system is very easy to block due to the agglomeration of the mud blocks on the broken stones, so that the system needs to be frequently stopped and dredged, the construction efficiency is greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of constructors is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a small shield machine, which aims to solve the technical problems of single function, insufficient broken soil blocks and broken stones and easy blockage of a water inlet and slurry discharge system of the conventional small shield machine.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a small shield machine comprising: the hollow cylindrical outer shaft barrel is internally and fixedly provided with a partition plate so as to divide a shaft cavity of the outer shaft barrel into a muddy water cabin and an installation cabin which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction and are not communicated; the opening end of the muddy water cabin is fixedly provided with a filter screen, cutter discs are arranged at intervals outside the filter screen, a crushing cabin is formed between the cutter discs and the filter screen, reamer knives for reaming and determining the outer diameter of a shield opening, scraping knives for circumferentially scraping and crushing a stratum on a reaming section and drill pressing knives for fracturing and crushing rocks on the reaming section are dispersedly arranged on the cutter discs, and the crushing cabin is used for further crushing mud blocks and crushed stones entering the crushing cabin under the matched extrusion of the filter screen and the cutter discs so as to enter the muddy water cabin for being discharged after being filtered by the filter screen; the installation cabin is internally provided with a power system and a water inlet slurry discharge system, the power system axially penetrates through the muddy water cabin and is connected with the cutter head after being filtered by the filter screen, and the water inlet slurry discharge system is arranged at the periphery of the power system so as to supply outside washing water into the crushing cabin and simultaneously discharge muddy water in the muddy water cabin out of the shield machine.

The cutter head further comprises a mounting disc which plays a role in mounting and supporting, the mounting disc comprises an annular mounting outer ring, a plurality of mounting support rods which are connected into the mounting outer ring and connected with the mounting outer ring to form the outer side end of the mounting disc, and a mounting support which is connected to the inner side of the outer side end, and the mounting support axially extends into the filter screen cover to be connected with a power system arranged in the outer shaft cylinder; the reamer is sequentially arranged on the outer ring surface of the installation outer ring at intervals; the scraping knife is respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring and the outer side surface of the mounting support rod; the bit pressing cutter is respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring and the outer side surface of the mounting support rod.

Furthermore, the hole expanding cutter comprises a strip-shaped hole cutter base body, the mounting end of the hole cutter base body is fixed with the outer ring surface of the mounting outer ring, and the opposite hole expanding end of the hole cutter base body extends forwards along the axial direction to form the mounting outer ring; the reaming end of the hole cutter base body is gradually thinned along the length direction to form a wedge-shaped end, a reaming blade formed by diamond is welded at the end part of the wedge-shaped end, and the reaming blade extends along the tangential direction of the installation outer ring or along the circumferential direction of the installation outer ring.

Furthermore, the scraping knives distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring, and the scraping knives distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting support rod are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring; the scraping knife comprises a blocky scraping knife base body, the fixed end of the scraping knife base body is fixed with the outer side face of the mounting outer ring or the mounting support rod, two scraping blades formed by diamond preparation are welded on the opposite scraping end of the scraping knife base body, the two scraping blades are respectively arranged on two sides of the scraping knife base body and extend along the direction perpendicular to the rotating direction of the scraping knife base body.

Furthermore, the drill pressing cutters distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring, and the drill pressing cutters distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting support rod are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring; the pressure drill comprises a drill base body in the shape of a drill bit, the large end of the drill base body is fixedly welded with the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring or the mounting support rod, and the drill bit made of diamond is welded at the opposite tip end of the drill base body.

Furthermore, the filtering mesh enclosure comprises a mesh enclosure body fixed with the opening end of the muddy water cabin, and crushing strips connected to the inner annular wall of the mesh enclosure body facing the cutter head; broken strip is used for with the extrusion strip mating reaction that sets up on the rampart outward of mounting disc to the mud piece and the rubble that will get into broken cabin further extrude breakage, with the filtration back through the screen panel body and get into the muddy water cabin and arrange outward.

Furthermore, the mounting disc is in a cone shape, and the extrusion strips are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting disc and extend along the radial direction of the mounting disc; the screen panel body is hourglass hopper-shaped with the mounting disc assorted to the outer rampart interval of the inner ring wall that makes the screen panel body and mounting disc is evenly arranged, and broken strip and extrusion strip parallel interval arrangement.

The water inlet and slurry discharge system comprises a water inlet pipe group for supplying washing water to the crushing cabin between the cutter head and the filtering mesh enclosure, a slurry discharge pipe group for discharging muddy water in the muddy water cabin communicated with the filtering mesh enclosure outwards, and a backwashing pipe group for backwashing the slurry discharge pipe group and/or the water inlet pipe group; the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe group is communicated with a washing water supply system for supplying washing water from the outside, and the water outlet end of the water inlet pipe group, which is arranged oppositely, is communicated with the crushing cabin; the slurry inlet end of the slurry discharge pipe group is communicated with the slurry cabin, and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely extends out of the shield machine; two ends of the back washing pipe group are respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe group and the slurry discharging pipe group.

Furthermore, the water inlet pipe group comprises a first water inlet pipe and a first switch valve connected to the first water inlet pipe, and the first switch valve is connected with a control device of the shield tunneling machine; the water inlet end of the first water inlet pipe is communicated with a flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the first water inlet pipe is arranged oppositely to sequentially penetrate through an installation cabin and a muddy water cabin arranged in the shield tunneling machine along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and then reaches the back side of the filter screen cover; the slurry discharging pipe group comprises a first slurry discharging pipe and a second switch valve connected in the first slurry discharging pipe, and the second switch valve is connected with the control device; the slurry inlet end of the first slurry discharge pipe is communicated with the slurry cabin, and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely penetrates through the slurry cabin and the installation cabin along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine in sequence and then extends out of the shield tunneling machine; the backwashing pipe group comprises a first backwashing pipe and a third switch valve connected in the first backwashing pipe, and the third switch valve is connected with the control device; the water inlet end of the first backwashing pipe is communicated with the first water inlet pipe, the connecting position of the first backwashing pipe and the first water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the first switch valve, and the water discharging end of the first backwashing pipe is aligned to the pulp inlet of the first pulp discharging pipe.

Furthermore, the water inlet pipe group comprises a second water inlet pipe, a fifth switch valve and a sixth switch valve which are sequentially connected in the second water inlet pipe, and the fifth switch valve and the sixth switch valve are respectively connected with a control device of the shield tunneling machine; the water inlet end of the second water inlet pipe is communicated with a flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the second water inlet pipe, which is arranged oppositely, penetrates through an installation cabin arranged in the shield tunneling machine along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and then reaches the muddy water cabin; the slurry discharge pipe group comprises a second slurry discharge pipe and a seventh switch valve connected in the second slurry discharge pipe, and the seventh switch valve is connected with the control device; the slurry inlet end of the second slurry discharge pipe is communicated with the slurry cabin, and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely penetrates through the slurry cabin and the installation cabin along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine in sequence and then extends out of the shield tunneling machine; the backwashing pipe group also comprises a fourth backwashing pipe, a fifth backwashing pipe, a ninth switch valve connected in the fourth backwashing pipe and a tenth switch valve connected in the fifth backwashing pipe, wherein the ninth switch valve and the tenth switch valve are respectively connected with the control device; the water inlet end of the fourth backwashing pipe is communicated with the second water inlet pipe, the connection position of the water inlet end of the fourth backwashing pipe and the second water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the fifth switch valve, the water discharge end of the fourth backwashing pipe is communicated with the second pulp discharge pipe, and the connection position of the water inlet end of the fourth backwashing pipe and the second water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the seventh switch valve; the water inlet end of the fifth backwashing pipe is communicated with the second water inlet pipe, the connecting position of the fifth backwashing pipe and the second water inlet pipe is located between the fifth switch valve and the sixth switch valve, the water discharging end of the fifth backwashing pipe is communicated with the second pulp discharging pipe, and the connecting position of the fifth backwashing pipe and the second water inlet pipe is located at the downstream of the seventh switch valve.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the small shield machine is suitable for mixed strata such as soil, weathered rocks and rocks by the cooperation of the reaming cutter, the scraping cutter and the drilling pressing cutter, and has wide application range and high use economy; when the hole expanding cutter, the scraping cutter and the bit pressing cutter are matched for use, the hole expanding cutter can smoothly tunnel, the hole expanding cutter can be effectively prevented from collapsing, the tunneling speed is improved, the service life of the hole expanding cutter is prolonged, and meanwhile, soil and stones are more fully crushed through the matching effect of the scraping cutter and the bit pressing cutter, so that the subsequent further extrusion and crushing are facilitated; through the cooperation of the cutter head and the filter screen, mud blocks and crushed stones in the crushing cabin can be further crushed by extrusion, so that the particle size of the crushed stones is smaller, the crushed stones can conveniently enter the mud cabin for being discharged outside after being filtered by the filter screen, and the blockage of a water inlet slurry discharge system is further effectively prevented; the small shield machine has the advantages of simple structure, simple action process and lower preparation cost.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of a small shield tunneling machine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the spatial arrangement of the impeller of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the filter mesh enclosure of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the water inlet and slurry outlet system in fig. 1.

Description of the figures

10. An outer shaft barrel; 11. a partition plate; 101. a muddy water compartment; 102. installing a cabin; 20. a cutter head; 21. mounting a disc; 211. installing an outer ring; 212. mounting a support rod; 213. mounting a bracket; 214. a positioning frame; 22. a hole expanding cutter; 221. a hole cutter base; 222. reaming the blade; 23. a scraping knife; 231. a sharpener base body; 232. scraping the blade; 24. pressing the drill cutter; 241. a drill base; 242. a drill bit; 30. a filtering net cover; 301. a through hole; 31. a mesh enclosure body; 311. filtering the screen; 312. installing edges; 32. breaking the strips; 40. a water inlet pipe group; 41. a first water inlet pipe; 42. a first on-off valve; 43. a second water inlet pipe; 44. a fifth on-off valve; 45. a sixth switching valve; 50. a slurry discharge pipe group; 51. a first slurry discharge pipe; 52. a second on-off valve; 53. a second slurry discharge pipe; 54. a seventh on-off valve; 60. a backwashing pipe group; 61. a first backwash pipe; 62. a third on-off valve; 63. a second backwash pipe; 64. a fourth switching valve; 65. a third backwash pipe; 66. an eighth on-off valve; 67. a fourth backwash pipe; 68. a ninth on-off valve; 69. a fifth backwash pipe; 71. a tenth switching valve; 80. a power system.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.

Referring to fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a small shield machine, which includes a hollow cylindrical outer shaft 10, and a partition plate 11 is fixedly disposed in the outer shaft 10 to divide an axial cavity of the outer shaft 10 into a muddy water tank 101 and an installation tank 102, which are sequentially disposed in an axial direction and are not communicated with each other. The opening end of the muddy water cabin 101 is fixedly provided with a filter screen 30, the outer side of the filter screen 30 is provided with cutter heads 20 at intervals, a crushing cabin is formed between the cutter heads 20 and the filter screen 30, the cutter heads 20 are dispersedly provided with expanding cutters 22 for expanding holes and determining the outer diameter of a shield opening, scraping cutters 23 for circumferentially scraping and crushing strata on an expanded section and fracturing cutters 24 for fracturing and crushing rocks on the expanded section, and the crushing cabin is used for further crushing mud blocks and crushed stones entering the crushing cabin under the matched extrusion of the filter screen 30 and the cutter heads 20 so as to enter the muddy water cabin 101 and be discharged outside after being filtered by the filter screen 30. The power system 80 and the water inlet and slurry discharge system are arranged in the installation cabin 102, the power system 80 axially penetrates through the muddy water cabin 101 and the filtering net cover 30 and then is connected with the cutter head 20, the water inlet and slurry discharge system is arranged on the periphery of the power system 80 and used for supplying outside washing water into the crushing cabin and simultaneously discharging muddy water in the muddy water cabin 101 out of the shield machine.

When the small shield machine works, the power system 80 drives the cutter head 20 to rotate, the hole expanding cutters 22, the scraping cutters 23 and the bit pressing cutters 24 on the cutter head 20 synchronously rotate, the hole expanding cutters 22 distributed dispersedly perform hole expanding processing, and the outer diameter of a shield hole opening is determined; meanwhile, the pressure drilling cutters 24 which rotate synchronously and are distributed dispersedly fracture and crush the rocks on the whole reaming section, so that the reaming cutters 22 can tunnel smoothly, the reaming cutters 22 are effectively prevented from collapsing, the tunneling speed is improved, the service life of the reaming cutters 22 is prolonged, and meanwhile, the soil and the rocks are crushed more sufficiently; meanwhile, the scraping cutters 23 which rotate synchronously and are distributed dispersedly scrape and crush the mud blocks and weathered rocks on the whole reaming section, so that the reaming cutter 22 can dig smoothly, the tunneling speed is improved, soil and stones can be crushed more sufficiently, and the reaming cutter 22, the scraping cutters 23 and the bit pressing cutter 24 are matched to realize smooth shield excavation; meanwhile, when the cutter head 20 rotates to work, the filter screen 30 is fixed, mud blocks and broken stones generated in the reaming and excavating process of the cutter head 20 enter the crushing cabin, the mud blocks and the broken stones are further extruded and crushed through the cooperation of the cutter head 20 and the filter screen 30, meanwhile, the water inlet slurry discharge system supplies external washing water into the crushing cabin, and simultaneously mud water in the mud cabin 101 is discharged out of the shield tunneling machine, so that the tunneling of the shield tunneling machine and the smooth discharging of the mud water are realized.

The small shield machine is suitable for mixed strata such as soil, weathered rocks and rocks by the cooperation of the reaming cutter 22, the scraping cutter 23 and the drilling pressing cutter 24, and has wide application range and high use economy; when the hole expanding cutter 22, the scraping cutter 23 and the bit pressing cutter 24 are matched for use, the hole expanding cutter 22 can smoothly tunnel, the hole expanding cutter 22 can be effectively prevented from collapsing, the tunneling speed is improved, the service life of the hole expanding cutter 22 is prolonged, and meanwhile, through the matching effect of the scraping cutter 23 and the bit pressing cutter 24, soil and stones are more fully crushed so as to be further extruded and crushed in the following process; through the cooperation of the cutter head 20 and the filter screen 30, mud blocks and crushed stones in the crushing cabin can be further crushed by extrusion, so that the particle size of the crushed stones is smaller, the crushed stones can conveniently enter the muddy water cabin 101 to be discharged after being filtered by the filter screen 30, and the blockage of a water inlet slurry discharge system is further effectively prevented; the small shield machine has the advantages of simple structure, simple action process and lower preparation cost.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the cutter head 20 further includes a mounting disc 21 for mounting and supporting, the mounting disc 21 includes an annular mounting outer ring 211, a plurality of mounting struts 212 connected in the mounting outer ring 211 and connected with the mounting outer ring 211 to form an outer end of the mounting disc 21, and a mounting bracket 213 connected to an inner side of the outer end, and the mounting bracket 213 axially extends into the filter screen 30 to connect with a power system in the outer shaft cylinder 10. The reamer blades 22 are sequentially arranged on the outer ring surface of the mounting outer ring 211 at intervals. The scraping blades 23 are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 and the outer side surface of the mounting support rod 212. The bit pressing blades 24 are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 and the outer side surface of the mounting support rod 212. The arrangement mode of the specific structure of the reamer 22 on the mounting disc 21 is convenient for the shield machine to uniformly push forwards, and simultaneously, the reamer is effectively prevented from collapsing due to uneven stress of the reamer 22; similarly, the concrete structural arrangement of the pressure drilling cutter 24 on the mounting disc 21 can uniformly and dispersedly fracture and crush the rock on the whole reaming section, so that the reaming cutter 22 can smoothly tunnel, and the reaming cutter 22, the pressure drilling cutter 24 and the scraping cutter 23 can be effectively prevented from collapsing, so that the tunneling speed is further increased, the service life of the reaming cutter 22 is prolonged, soil and stone can be more fully crushed, so that the soil and the stone can be smoothly discharged outwards through a pipeline in the shield tunneling machine in the following process, and the pipeline can be effectively prevented from being blocked; similarly, the concrete structure of the scraping cutter 23 on the mounting plate 21 can scrape and crush the mud blocks and weathered rocks on the whole reaming section uniformly and dispersedly, so that the reaming cutter 22 can smoothly tunnel, the tunneling speed is further increased, and simultaneously the soil and the rocks are crushed more sufficiently, so that the mud blocks and the weathered rocks can be smoothly discharged outwards through the pipeline in the shield tunneling machine in the following process, and the pipeline can be effectively prevented from being blocked.

In this alternative, the first embodiment of the reamer 22, not shown, is a bar-shaped reamer 22, the mounting end of which is fixed to the outer annular surface of the mounting outer ring 211, and the opposite reaming end of which extends axially forward of the mounting outer ring 211. The reaming end of reamer 22 is tapered in thickness along its length to form a reaming blade. The reamer 22 has such a structure that the reamer is simple in structure and easy to process and prepare.

In this alternative, in the second embodiment of the reamer 22, as shown in fig. 2, the reamer 22 includes a strip-shaped reamer base 221, a mounting end of the reamer base 221 is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the mounting outer ring 211, and an opposite reaming end of the reamer base axially extends forward of the mounting outer ring 211. The reaming end of the hole cutter base body 221 is gradually thinned along the length direction to form a wedge-shaped end, a reaming blade 222 made of diamond is welded at the end of the wedge-shaped end, and the reaming blade 222 extends along the tangential direction of the installation outer ring 211 or along the circumferential direction of the installation outer ring 211. Due to the structural form of the reamer 22, the reamer is simple in structure, high in cutting rigidity and long in service life; meanwhile, the reaming blades 222 extend along the tangential direction of the mounting outer ring 211 or along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211, so that the cutting force is large, the cutter is not easy to break, and the shield tunneling machine can be smoothly propelled.

In this alternative, the first embodiment of the scraping knives 23, not shown, the scraping knives 23 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 are arranged at uniform intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211, and the scraping knives 23 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting strut 212 are arranged at uniform intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211. The scraping knife 23 is block-shaped, the fixed end thereof is fixed with the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 or the mounting support rod 212, and the ridge lines on the opposite scraping ends thereof are protruded outwards to form scraping blades arranged along two sides of the rotating direction. This kind of structure setting and the mode of laying of scraping sword 23 can evenly scrape, breakage whole reaming section, and section processingquality is good, and the breakage of mud, stone on the section is more even, abundant, and scrapes sword 23 atress even, is difficult for collapsing the sword to scrape sword 23 simple structure, easy processing preparation, installation.

In this alternative, as shown in fig. 2, in the second embodiment of the scraping blades 23, the scraping blades 23 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211, and the scraping blades 23 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting strut 212 are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211. The scraping knife 23 comprises a block-shaped scraping knife base 231, the fixed end of the scraping knife base 231 is fixed with the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 or the mounting support rod 212, two scraping blades 232 made of diamond are welded on the opposite scraping ends of the scraping knife base 231, and the two scraping blades 232 are respectively arranged on two sides of the scraping knife base 231 and extend along the direction perpendicular to the rotating direction of the scraping knife base. The scraping knives 23 can scrape and crush the whole reaming section uniformly due to the structural arrangement and the arrangement mode, the processing quality of the section is good, mud and stone on the section are crushed more uniformly and sufficiently, the stress of the scraping knives 23 is uniform, the cutting rigidity is high, the knives are not easy to break, and the service life is long; meanwhile, the two scraping blades 232 are respectively arranged on two sides of the scraping knife base body 231, forward and backward rotation machining is facilitated, the phenomenon that the scraping knife 23 is blocked is effectively prevented, the scraping blades 232 extend in the direction perpendicular to the rotating direction of the scraping blades, cutting force is large, and mud and stone on the section are broken more sufficiently.

In this alternative, the first embodiment of the drill pressing blades 24, not shown, is that the drill pressing blades 24 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211, and the drill pressing blades 24 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting strut 212 are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211. The bit 24 is in the shape of a drill bit, and the large end of the bit is fixed with the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 or the mounting support rod 212. The structure of the pressure drill cutter 24 is arranged and the arrangement mode can uniformly and dispersedly fracture and crush the rocks on the whole reaming section, so that the shield machine can be smoothly propelled, soil and stones can be crushed more sufficiently, the pressure drill cutter 24 is uniform in stress and not prone to collapse, and the pressure drill cutter 24 is simple in structure and easy to process, prepare and install.

In this alternative, as shown in fig. 2, in the second embodiment of the pressure drill cutters 24, the pressure drill cutters 24 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211, and the pressure drill cutters 24 arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting strut 212 are arranged at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring 211. The weight drill 24 comprises a drill base 241 in the shape of a drill bit, the big end of the drill base 241 is welded and fixed with the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 or the mounting support rod 212, and the opposite tip end is welded with a drill bit 242 made of diamond. The structure setting and the layout mode of the pressure drilling cutter 24 can uniformly and dispersedly fracture and crush the rocks on the whole reaming section, the shield machine can be conveniently and smoothly propelled, soil and stones can be broken more sufficiently, the stress of the pressure drilling cutter 24 is uniform, the drilling rigidity is high, the drilling force is large, the cutter is not prone to collapse, and the structure is simple. Preferably, one end of the weight bit 24 disposed on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211 is fixed to the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring 211, and the other end extends outward from the gap between two adjacent reamer blades 22 to the outer side of the mounting outer ring 211, so that the weight bit 24 firstly fractures and crushes the rock outside the reamer blades 22, thereby reducing the difficulty in pushing the reamer blades 22, improving the pushing efficiency, and effectively preventing the reamer blades 22 from collapsing.

Preferably, the height of the reamer 24 is greater than the height of the reamer 22, and the height of the reamer 22 is greater than the height of the scraping blade 23. When the height of the drilling pressing cutter 24 is greater than that of the reaming cutter 22, the drilling pressing cutter 24 can fracture and crush hard rock on the reaming section, and then the reaming cutter 22 can perform reaming action, so that the reaming cutter 22 is effectively protected from breaking, the service life of the reaming cutter 22 is prolonged, and the excavation is accelerated; when the height of the reamer 22 is greater than that of the scraping cutter 23, the reamer 22 can perform reaming operation at first, and then the scraping cutter 23 scrapes and crushes the reamed section, so that the molding quality of the section is improved, and mud are more sufficiently crushed along the section.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the mounting plate 21 further includes a spacer 214 attached to the center of the outer side surface on the outer side end. The fixed end of the positioning frame 214 is fixed with the outer side surface of the outer side end, the opposite positioning end extends along the axial direction and gradually reduces to form a positioning center, and the positioning center is higher than the hole expanding cutter 22, the scraping cutter 23 and the bit pressing cutter 24 so as to perform center positioning on the cutter head 20, effectively prevent the shield tunneling machine from tunneling and deflecting, improve the shield machining quality, and simultaneously ensure that the cutter head 20 is stable in working, the action stability of the three cutters on the cutter head 20 is good, and the machining force is large. In this alternative, as shown in fig. 2, the positioning frame 214 is formed by welding three or four positioning plates which are vertically crossed, the structure is simple, the manufacturing is easy, and the edges of the positioning plates are coated with wear-resistant coatings, so that the service life of the positioning frame 214 is prolonged.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the filter screen 30 includes a screen body 31 fixed to the open end of the muddy water tank 101, and a crushing strip 32 connected to an inner circumferential wall of the screen body 31 facing the cutter head 20. The crushing strips 32 are used for being matched with the extrusion strips arranged on the outer annular wall of the mounting disc 21 so as to further extrude and crush mud blocks and gravels entering the crushing cabin, and the mud blocks and the gravels enter the muddy water cabin 101 to be discharged outwards after being filtered by the mesh enclosure body 31. During operation, through the cooperation of broken strip 32 and extrusion strip, can carry out further extrusion breakage to the mud cake and the rubble that lie in broken cabin, make the particle diameter of rubble littleer, the rubble of being convenient for gets into muddy water cabin 101 after the filtration of filter screen panel 30 and arranges outward, and then effectively prevents to arrange the thick liquid pipe jam in the mud discharge system.

In this alternative, as shown in fig. 3, the mounting plate 21 is in a cone shape, and the extrusion strips are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting plate 21 and extend along the radial direction of the mounting plate 21. In this alternative embodiment, the mounting bracket 213 of the mounting plate 21 is conical, the mounting bracket 213 includes a middle plate and a plurality of peripheral plates vertically connected to the middle plate, the driving end of the power system is connected to the middle plate, a plurality of mounting struts 212 are fixedly connected to the ends of the middle plate and the peripheral plates, and the edges of the peripheral plates in the thickness direction form an extrusion strip. The screen panel body 31 is and leaks hopper-shaped with mounting disc 21 assorted, so that the outer rampart interval of the interior rampart of screen panel body 31 and mounting disc 21 evenly arranges, and broken strip 32 and the parallel interval arrangement of extrusion strip, and then make mud cake and rubble evenly broken in the whole broken cabin between mounting disc 21 and screen panel body 31, crushing effect is good, broken back rubble particle diameter is even, and mounting disc 21 and screen panel body 31 atress are even, be difficult for warping because of local atress is too big, prolong life between them.

In this alternative, as shown in fig. 3, the crushing strips 32 are straight strips and uniformly spaced along the circumferential direction of the mesh enclosure body 31, and each crushing strip 32 extends along the radial direction of the mesh enclosure body 31; the structure arrangement and arrangement mode of the crushing strips 32 enable the structure to be simple and easy to manufacture, when the crushing strips 32 and the extrusion strips are matched, the crushing strips and the extrusion strips are arranged in parallel at intervals, acting force between the crushing strips and the extrusion strips is large, and crushed stones are crushed more fully and uniformly.

In this alternative, not shown, the crushing strips 32 are spiral and uniformly spaced along the circumferential direction of the mesh enclosure body 31, each crushing strip 32 extends along a radial direction in a spiral line, and the spiral direction of each crushing strip 32 is opposite to the rotation direction of the cutter head 20; this kind of structure setting and the mode of laying of broken strip 32, when broken strip 32 cooperates with the extrusion strip, is equivalent to the length of extension broken strip 32, and then prolongs the operating time between the two, and the rubble is broken abundant, even, and can improve rubble crushing efficiency, and broken strip 32 and extrusion strip effort between the two is bigger, and the rubble is broken more abundant, thoroughly.

In the alternative, the crushing strips 32 are made of diamond, so that the rigidity is high, the hardness is good, the crushed stone is crushed more sufficiently and thoroughly, and the crushing strips are not easy to deform or damage. The two sides of the extrusion strip along the rotation direction are respectively coated with the wear-resistant metal layers, so that the service life of the cutter head 20 is effectively prolonged, and the replacement and maintenance frequency is reduced.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the mesh cap body 31 includes a funnel-shaped filter mesh 311, and a mounting edge 312 connected to an open end of the filter mesh 311. The mesh enclosure body 31 is welded and fixed with the end face of the opening end of the muddy water cabin 101 through the mounting edge 312. The filter screen 311 is provided with a plurality of through holes 301 penetrating the screen surface. In the alternative, the filtering net cover 30 has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is simple to connect and operate.

In this alternative, the through holes 301 are regularly spaced or irregularly spaced on the filter screen 311. The cross section of the through hole 301 is one or more of circular, oval, kidney-shaped and polygonal.

Preferably, the distance between the crushing strips 32 and the extrusion strips is smaller than the aperture of the through holes 301, so that the crushed stones which are subjected to the matching action of the crushing strips 32 and the extrusion strips can smoothly enter the subsequent muddy water tank 101 through the through holes 301. The aperture of the through hole 301 is smaller than the pipe diameter of the slurry discharge pipe in the slurry discharge system, so that the crushed stones filtered through the through hole 301 can be smoothly discharged outwards through the slurry discharge pipe of the slurry discharge system, and the blockage of the slurry discharge pipe is effectively prevented.

In this alternative, as shown in fig. 3, the through-hole 301 includes a filter hole for filtering mud pieces and crushed stones, and a water outlet hole for spraying wash water supplied from the mud discharge system into the crushing chamber. The aperture of the water outlet hole is smaller than that of the filter hole, so that broken stones in the crushing cabin are discharged into the mud cabin 101 through the filter hole as much as possible, and the blockage of the water outlet hole is effectively prevented while the washing water supplied by the mud discharging system is smoothly sprayed into the crushing cabin.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the water inlet and slurry outlet system includes: a water inlet pipe group 40 for supplying washing water to the crushing chamber between the cutter head 20 and the filter screen 30, a slurry discharge pipe group 50 for discharging slurry water in a slurry chamber 101 communicating with the filter screen 30 to the outside, and a back washing pipe group 60 for back washing the slurry discharge pipe group 50 and/or the water inlet pipe group 40. The inlet end of the inlet pipe group 40 is communicated with a washing water supply system for supplying washing water from the outside, and the opposite outlet end is communicated with the crushing chamber. The slurry inlet end of the slurry discharge pipe group 50 is communicated with the slurry tank 101, and the opposite slurry discharge end extends out of the shield machine. The two ends of the back washing pipe set 60 are respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe set 40 and the slurry discharge pipe set 50.

When the small shield machine works, an external flushing water supply system is opened, flushing water enters a crushing cabin between the cutter head 20 and the filter screen 30 after being guided by the water inlet pipe group 40, and mud blocks and broken stones generated in the shield excavation process are flushed, so that the mud blocks and the broken stones form muddy water and flow into a muddy water cabin 101 communicated with the filter screen 30; muddy water in the muddy water cabin 101 is discharged out of the shield tunneling machine under the flow guiding action of the slurry discharging pipe group 50, so that the discharge of mud blocks and broken stones in the shield tunneling process is realized. As the muddy water possibly contains blocky mud blocks and broken stones with larger outer diameters, and the broken stones are easy to be aggregated into a group through the mud blocks, the slurry discharge pipe group 50 is blocked, and the normal discharge of the muddy water in the muddy water cabin is influenced, the water inlet and slurry discharge system is additionally provided with the back washing pipe group 60 respectively connected with the water inlet pipe group 40 and the slurry discharge pipe group 50, so that the washing water in the water inlet pipe group 40 is directly connected into the slurry discharge pipe group 50 to directly and reversely wash the slurry discharge pipe group 50, and the technical problem that the slurry discharge pipe group 50 is easy to be blocked is effectively solved.

Alternatively, in the first embodiment of the water inlet and slurry outlet system, as shown in fig. 1, the water inlet pipe group 40 comprises a first water inlet pipe 41, and a first switch valve 42 connected to the first water inlet pipe 41, wherein the first switch valve 42 is connected to the control device of the shield tunneling machine. The water inlet end of the first water inlet pipe 41 is communicated with the flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the first water inlet pipe is sequentially arranged in the installation cabin 102 and the muddy water cabin 101 arranged in the shield tunneling machine along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and then reaches the back side of the filter screen 30. When the device works, the peripheral flushing water supply system and the first switch valve 42 are automatically opened under the control of the control device, and the flushing water supplied by the flushing water supply system enters the first water inlet pipe 41 and enters the crushing cabin between the cutter head 20 and the filter screen cover 30 after the diversion effect of the first water inlet pipe 41 so as to flush mud blocks and broken stones generated in the shield excavation process, so that the mud blocks and the broken stones are dispersed to form muddy water to flow into the muddy water cabin 101.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the slurry discharging pipe set 50 includes a first slurry discharging pipe 51, and a second on-off valve 52 connected to the first slurry discharging pipe 51, and the second on-off valve 52 is connected to the control device. The slurry inlet end of the first slurry discharge pipe 51 is communicated with the slurry tank 101, and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely penetrates through the slurry tank 101 and the installation cabin 102 along the axial direction of the shield machine in sequence and then extends out of the shield machine. When the shield tunneling machine works, the second switch valve 52 is automatically opened under the control of the control device, muddy water in the muddy water cabin 101 enters the first slurry discharge pipe 51, and is discharged to the shield tunneling machine under the flow guiding effect of the first slurry discharge pipe 51.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the backwash pipe group 60 includes a first backwash pipe 61, and a third on/off valve 62 connected to the first backwash pipe 61, the third on/off valve 62 being connected to the control device. The water inlet end of the first backwashing pipe 61 is communicated with the first water inlet pipe 41, the connection position of the water inlet end and the first water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the first switch valve 42, and the water outlet end of the first backwashing pipe 61 is opposite to the pulp inlet of the first pulp outlet pipe 51. In operation, when the first discharging pipe 51 is blocked, the control device controls the first switch valve 42 to be closed, the second switch valve and the third switch valve to be opened, the washing water supplied by the washing water supply system firstly enters the first water inlet pipe, then enters the first backwashing pipe 61 through the first water inlet pipe, is discharged outwards from the water discharge end of the first backwashing pipe 61 and is flushed into the first discharging pipe, so that the first discharging pipe 51 is backwashed to prevent the first discharging pipe 51 from being blocked, and the washing water for flushing the first discharging pipe 51 is directly discharged outwards from the water discharge end of the first discharging pipe 51.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the backwash pipe group 60 further includes a second backwash pipe 63, and a fourth switching valve 64 connected to the second backwash pipe 63, the fourth switching valve 64 being connected to the control device. The water inlet end of the second backwash pipe 63 is communicated with the first water inlet pipe 41, and the connection position of the two is located at the upstream of the first switch valve 42, the water outlet end of the second backwash pipe 63 is communicated with the first slurry outlet pipe 51, and the connection position of the two is located at the downstream of the second switch valve 52. When the automatic back flushing device works, when the output section of the first pulp discharging pipe 51 is blocked, the control device controls the first switch valve, the second switch valve and the third switch valve to be closed, the fourth switch valve is opened, flushing water supplied by the flushing water supply system firstly enters the first water inlet pipe, then enters the second back flushing pipe through the first water inlet pipe, then enters the discharging section of the first pulp discharging pipe through the second back flushing pipe, back flushing is carried out on the discharging section of the first pulp discharging pipe, and the flushing water for flushing the discharging section of the first pulp discharging pipe 51 is directly discharged outwards from the pulp discharging end of the first pulp discharging pipe 51.

Alternatively, in a second embodiment of the water inlet and slurry outlet system, as shown in fig. 4, the water inlet pipe group 40 comprises a second water inlet pipe 43, and a fifth switch valve 44 and a sixth switch valve 45 which are connected to the second water inlet pipe 43 in sequence, and the fifth switch valve 44 and the sixth switch valve 45 are respectively connected to the control device of the shield tunneling machine. The water inlet end of the second water inlet pipe 43 is communicated with the flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the second water inlet pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and penetrates through an installation cabin 102 arranged in the shield tunneling machine to reach a muddy water cabin 101. When the device works, the flushing water supply system, the fifth switch valve and the sixth switch valve which are arranged outside are automatically opened under the control of the control device, the flushing water supplied by the flushing water supply system enters the second water inlet pipe and enters the muddy water cabin 101 communicated with the filter screen 30 after the diversion effect of the second water inlet pipe, so that mud blocks and gravels generated in the shield excavation process in the crushing cabin between the filter screen 30 and the flushing cutter head 20 after passing through the filter screen 30 are dispersed, and muddy water is formed and flows into the muddy water cabin 101.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, the slurry discharging pipe set 50 includes a second slurry discharging pipe 53, and a seventh on-off valve 54 connected to the second slurry discharging pipe 53, and the seventh on-off valve 54 is connected to the control device. The slurry inlet end of the second slurry discharge pipe 53 is communicated with the slurry tank 101, and the slurry discharge end arranged oppositely penetrates through the slurry tank 101 and the installation cabin 102 in sequence along the axial direction of the shield machine and then extends out of the shield machine. When the device works, the control device controls the seventh switch valve to be opened, muddy water in the muddy water cabin 101 enters the second slurry discharge pipe 53, and is discharged to the shield machine under the flow guiding effect of the second slurry discharge pipe 53.

Further, the backwash tube set 60 includes a third backwash tube 65, and an eighth switching valve 66 connected in the third backwash tube 65, the eighth switching valve 66 being connected to the control device. The water inlet end of the third backwashing pipe 65 is communicated with the second water inlet pipe 43, the connection position of the third backwashing pipe 65 and the second water inlet pipe is positioned between the fifth switch valve 44 and the sixth switch valve 45, and the water discharge end of the third backwashing pipe 65 is aligned to the pulp inlet of the second pulp discharge pipe 53. In operation, when the second slurry discharge pipe 53 is blocked, the control device controls the sixth switch valve to close, and the fifth switch valve and the eighth switch valve to open, and the washing water supplied by the washing water supply system firstly enters the second water inlet pipe, then enters the third backwashing pipe 65 through the second water inlet pipe, is discharged outwards from the water discharge end of the third backwashing pipe 65 and is flushed into the second slurry discharge pipe, so that the second slurry discharge pipe 53 is backwashed to prevent the second slurry discharge pipe 53 from being blocked, and the washing water for flushing the second slurry discharge pipe 53 is directly discharged outwards from the slurry discharge end of the second slurry discharge pipe 53.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, the backwash pipe group 60 further includes a fourth backwash pipe 67 and a fifth backwash pipe 69, and a ninth on-off valve 68 connected in the fourth backwash pipe 67 and a tenth on-off valve 71 connected in the fifth backwash pipe 69, the ninth on-off valve 68 and the tenth on-off valve 71 being connected to the control device, respectively. The water inlet end of the fourth backwash pipe 67 is communicated with the second water inlet pipe 43, and the connection position of the water inlet end and the second water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the fifth switch valve 44, the water outlet end of the fourth backwash pipe 67 is communicated with the second pulp discharge pipe 53, and the connection position of the water inlet end and the second water inlet end is positioned at the upstream of the seventh switch valve 54. The water inlet end of the fifth backwash pipe 69 is communicated with the second water inlet pipe 43, the connection position of the fifth backwash pipe 69 and the second water inlet pipe is positioned between the fifth switch valve 44 and the sixth switch valve 45, the water outlet end of the fifth backwash pipe 69 is communicated with the second pulp discharge pipe 53, and the connection position of the fifth backwash pipe 69 and the second pulp discharge pipe is positioned at the downstream of the seventh switch valve 54. When the shield tunneling machine works, the water outlet end of the second water inlet pipe is directly communicated with the muddy water cabin 101, so that the blocking condition of the water outlet section of the second water inlet pipe can occur in the working process, at the moment, the control device controls the fifth switch valve, the eighth switch valve and the seventh switch valve to be closed, the ninth switch valve, the sixth switch valve and the tenth switch valve to be opened, flushing water supplied by the flushing water supply system firstly enters the second water inlet pipe, then enters the fourth backwashing pipe from the second water inlet pipe, then enters the second slurry discharge pipe from the fourth backwashing pipe in a reverse direction, and is flushed into the muddy water cabin 101 from the slurry inlet end of the second slurry discharge pipe, flushing water in the muddy water cabin 101 enters the second water inlet pipe in a reverse direction, then enters the fifth backwashing pipe from the second water inlet pipe, then enters the slurry discharge section of the second slurry discharge pipe from the fifth backwashing pipe, and finally is discharged out of the shield tunneling machine from the second slurry discharge pipe.

Preferably, in the second embodiment of the water inlet and slurry outlet system, a linkage mechanism connected with the control device is respectively arranged between the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66, between the fifth switch valve 44 and the ninth switch valve 68, and between the seventh switch valve 54 and the tenth switch valve 71, so as to enable the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66, the fifth switch valve 44 and the ninth switch valve 68, and the seventh switch valve 54 and the tenth switch valve 71 which are connected in pairs to act simultaneously and reversely. In the preferred scheme, the linkage mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder and a telescopic rod connected with the hydraulic cylinder, the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66 which are arranged in pairs are reversely installed and are respectively connected with the telescopic rod of the linkage mechanism, when the telescopic rod extends out or retracts, the telescopic rod synchronously drives the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66 to synchronously and reversely act, so that one of the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66 is opened and the other one of the sixth switch valve 45 and the eighth switch valve 66 is closed simultaneously, the structure of the water inlet and pulp discharge system is simplified, and the action process is simple and easy to control.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small shield machine, comprising:

the device comprises a hollow cylindrical outer shaft barrel (10), wherein a partition plate (11) is fixedly arranged in the outer shaft barrel (10) so as to divide a shaft cavity of the outer shaft barrel (10) into a muddy water cabin (101) and an installation cabin (102) which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction and are not communicated;

the open end of muddy water cabin (101) is fixed and is equipped with filter screen panel (30), the outside interval of filter screen panel (30) is equipped with blade disc (20), blade disc (20) with form broken cabin between filter screen panel (30), dispersedly on blade disc (20) have be used for the reaming and confirm that the reamer (22) of shield entrance to a cave external diameter, be used for carrying out circumference to the stratum on the reaming section scrape broken scrape sword (23), and be used for carrying out the broken pressure drilling sword (24) of fracturing to the rock on the reaming section, broken cabin is used for making mud cake and the rubble that get into it further breakage under the cooperation extrusion of filter screen panel (30) and blade disc (20), in order to get into after filtering through filter screen panel (30) the muddy water cabin (101) is outer to be arranged outward;

install and be equipped with driving system (80) in cabin (102) and advance water and arrange thick liquid system, driving system (80) are worn to establish along the axial muddy water cabin (101) with connect behind filter screen panel (30) blade disc (20), it arranges thick liquid system and lays in to advance water the periphery of driving system (80) for be used for feeding in the sparge water of outside broken cabin will simultaneously muddy water in muddy water cabin (101) is outside discharges the shield structure machine.

2. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 1,

the cutter head (20) further comprises a mounting disc (21) which plays a role in mounting and supporting, the mounting disc (21) comprises an annular mounting outer ring (211), a plurality of mounting support rods (212) which are connected into the mounting outer ring (211) and connected with the mounting outer ring (211) to form the outer side end of the mounting disc (21), and a mounting support (213) connected to the inner side of the outer side end, and the mounting support (213) axially extends into the filter screen cover (30) to be connected with a power system arranged in the outer shaft cylinder (10);

the hole expanding cutters (22) are sequentially arranged on the outer ring surface of the installation outer ring (211) at intervals;

the scraping knife (23) is respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring (211) and the outer side surface of the mounting support rod (212);

the bit pressing cutters (24) are respectively arranged on the outer side face of the mounting outer ring (211) and the outer side face of the mounting support rod (212).

3. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 2,

the hole expanding cutter (22) comprises a strip-shaped hole cutter base body, the mounting end of the hole cutter base body is fixed with the outer ring surface of the mounting outer ring (211), and the opposite hole expanding end of the hole cutter base body extends forwards along the axial direction to form the mounting outer ring (211);

the reaming end of hole sword base member thins gradually along length direction thickness and forms the wedge end, just the tip welding of wedge end has the reaming blade that forms by diamond preparation, the reaming blade is followed the tangential direction of installation outer ring (211) extends or follows the contour direction of installation outer ring (211) extends.

4. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 2,

the scraping knives (23) distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting outer ring (211) are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring (211), and the scraping knives (23) distributed on the outer side surface of the mounting support rod (212) are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring (211);

the scraping knife (23) comprises a blocky scraping knife base body, the fixed end of the scraping knife base body is fixed with the outer mounting ring (211) or the outer side face of the mounting support rod (212), two scraping blades formed by diamond preparation are welded on the opposite scraping end of the scraping knife base body, and the two scraping blades are respectively arranged on two sides of the scraping knife base body and extend along the direction vertical to the rotating direction of the scraping knife base body.

5. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 2,

the drill pressing cutters (24) distributed on the outer side face of the mounting outer ring (211) are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring (211), and the drill pressing cutters (24) distributed on the outer side face of the mounting support rod (212) are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting outer ring (211);

the drill pressing cutter (24) comprises a cutter base body in a drill shape, the large end of the cutter base body is fixedly welded with the outer side face of the mounting outer ring (211) or the mounting support rod (212), and a drill bit formed by diamond is welded at the opposite tip end of the cutter base body.

6. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 2,

the filter screen (30) comprises a screen body (31) fixed with the opening end of the muddy water cabin (101), and crushing strips (32) connected to the inner annular wall of the screen body (31) facing the cutter head (20);

the crushing strips (32) are used for being matched with the extrusion strips arranged on the outer ring wall of the mounting disc (21) to further extrude and crush the mud blocks and the crushed stones entering the crushing cabin, so that the mud blocks and the crushed stones enter the muddy water cabin (101) to be discharged outside after being filtered by the mesh enclosure body (31).

7. A small shield machine according to claim 6,

the mounting disc (21) is in a conical shape, and the extrusion strips are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the mounting disc (21) and extend along the radial direction of the mounting disc (21);

the net cover body (31) is funnel-shaped and matched with the mounting disc (21), so that the inner annular wall of the net cover body (31) and the outer annular wall of the mounting disc (21) are uniformly arranged at intervals, and the crushing strips (32) and the extrusion strips are arranged at intervals in parallel.

8. A small shield tunneling machine according to claim 2,

the water inlet and slurry discharge system comprises a water inlet pipe group (40) for supplying washing water to a crushing cabin between a cutter head (20) and a filter screen (30), a slurry discharge pipe group (50) for discharging muddy water in a muddy water cabin (101) communicated with the filter screen (30) outwards, and a backwashing pipe group (60) for backwashing the slurry discharge pipe group (50) and/or the water inlet pipe group (40);

the water inlet end of the water inlet pipe group (40) is communicated with a washing water supply system for supplying washing water from the outside, and the water outlet end arranged oppositely is communicated with the crushing cabin;

the slurry inlet end of the slurry discharge pipe group (50) is communicated with the muddy water cabin (101), and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely extends out of the shield machine;

two ends of the back washing pipe group (60) are respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe group (40) and the slurry discharging pipe group (50).

9. A small shield machine according to claim 8,

the water inlet pipe group (40) comprises a first water inlet pipe (41) and a first switch valve (42) connected to the first water inlet pipe (41), and the first switch valve (42) is connected with a control device of the shield tunneling machine; the water inlet end of the first water inlet pipe (41) is communicated with the flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the first water inlet pipe is sequentially arranged in an installation cabin (102) and a muddy water cabin (101) arranged in the shield tunneling machine along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and then reaches the back side of the filter screen cover (30);

the slurry discharging pipe group (50) comprises a first slurry discharging pipe (51) and a second switch valve (52) connected to the first slurry discharging pipe (51), and the second switch valve (52) is connected with the control device; the slurry inlet end of the first slurry discharge pipe (51) is communicated with the muddy water cabin (101), and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely penetrates through the muddy water cabin (101) and the installation cabin (102) along the axial direction of the shield machine in sequence and then extends out of the shield machine;

the backwashing pipe group (60) comprises a first backwashing pipe (61) and a third on-off valve (62) connected in the first backwashing pipe (61), and the third on-off valve (62) is connected with the control device; the water inlet end of the first backwashing pipe (61) is communicated with the first water inlet pipe (41), the connecting position of the water inlet end of the first backwashing pipe and the first water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the first switch valve (42), and the water discharging end of the first backwashing pipe (61) is aligned to the pulp inlet of the first pulp discharging pipe (51).

10. A small shield machine according to claim 8,

the water inlet pipe group (40) comprises a second water inlet pipe (43), a fifth switch valve (44) and a sixth switch valve (45) which are sequentially connected to the second water inlet pipe (43), and the fifth switch valve (44) and the sixth switch valve (45) are respectively connected with a control device of the shield tunneling machine; the water inlet end of the second water inlet pipe (43) is communicated with the flushing water supply system, and the water outlet end of the second water inlet pipe, which is arranged oppositely, penetrates through an installation cabin (102) arranged in the shield tunneling machine along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine and then reaches the muddy water cabin (101);

the slurry discharging pipe group (50) comprises a second slurry discharging pipe (53) and a seventh switch valve (54) connected to the second slurry discharging pipe (53), and the seventh switch valve (54) is connected with the control device; the slurry inlet end of the second slurry discharge pipe (53) is communicated with the muddy water cabin (101), and the slurry discharge end which is arranged oppositely penetrates through the muddy water cabin (101) and the installation cabin (102) along the axial direction of the shield tunneling machine in sequence and then extends out of the shield tunneling machine;

the backwashing pipe group (60) further comprises a fourth backwashing pipe (67) and a fifth backwashing pipe (69), a ninth switch valve (68) connected to the fourth backwashing pipe (67) and a tenth switch valve (71) connected to the fifth backwashing pipe (69), and the ninth switch valve (68) and the tenth switch valve (71) are respectively connected with the control device; the water inlet end of the fourth backwashing pipe (67) is communicated with the second water inlet pipe (43), the connection position of the water inlet end and the second water inlet pipe is positioned at the upstream of the fifth switch valve (44), the water outlet end of the fourth backwashing pipe (67) is communicated with the second pulp discharge pipe (53), and the connection position of the water outlet end and the second pulp discharge pipe is positioned at the upstream of the seventh switch valve (54); the water inlet end of the fifth backwashing pipe (69) is communicated with the second water inlet pipe (43), the connection position of the fifth backwashing pipe and the second water inlet pipe is located between the fifth switch valve (44) and the sixth switch valve (45), the water discharging end of the fifth backwashing pipe (69) is communicated with the second slurry discharging pipe (53), and the connection position of the fifth backwashing pipe and the sixth switch valve is located at the downstream of the seventh switch valve (54).