CN113930637A - High-strength high-conductivity copper bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-conductivity copper bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113930637A CN113930637A CN202111166740.9A CN202111166740A CN113930637A CN 113930637 A CN113930637 A CN 113930637A CN 202111166740 A CN202111166740 A CN 202111166740A CN 113930637 A CN113930637 A CN 113930637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of copper bar materials, and particularly discloses a high-strength high-conductivity copper bar and a preparation method thereof. The copper rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.08 to 0.37 percent of chromium; 0.05 to 0.25 percent of nickel; 0.10 to 0.26 percent of aluminum; 0.18 to 0.38 percent of molybdenum; 0.18-0.35% of graphene; 0.20 to 0.50 percent of phosphorus; 0.20 to 0.50 percent of boron; the balance of copper; the method comprises the following steps: placing copper in an inert atmosphere, smelting at high temperature until the copper is completely melted, preserving heat for 1h, pressurizing to 2-2.3 standard atmospheric pressures, sequentially adding aluminum, nickel, chromium and molybdenum, preserving heat for 2h after the copper is completely melted, vacuumizing to 0.4-0.5 standard atmospheric pressures, preserving heat for 2h, sequentially adding graphene, phosphorus and boron, completely melting, injecting into a casting mold, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and placing the cast ingot in an inert atmosphere, heating to 500-800 ℃, repeatedly stretching and rolling for 30-50 times, cooling to 200-300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and drawing to obtain the copper rod. The copper bar can be used for conducting electricity, and has the advantages of high strength and good conducting performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of copper bar materials, in particular to a high-strength high-conductivity copper bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Copper is one of the earliest metals used by human beings, and as early as prehistoric times, people began to mine open-air copper ores and use the obtained copper to manufacture weapons, tools and other utensils, and the use of copper has a profound effect on the progress of early human civilization, copper is a scripture existing in the earth crust and oceans, the content of copper in the earth crust is about 0.01%, the content of copper in individual copper deposits can reach 3-5%, and copper in nature exists mostly in the form of compounds. Pure copper is relatively soft, presents red orange color band metallic luster when the surface is just cut, and simple substance presents mauve, and ductility is good, and thermal conductivity and electric conductivity are high, therefore is the most commonly used material in cable and electric, electronic component, also can be used as building material, can constitute many kinds of synthetic materials, and copper alloy material's mechanical properties is excellent, and the resistivity is low, and copper is comparatively cheap, can extensively use.
The copper bar is non-ferrous metal bar, mainly copper, has good conductivity, can be used for manufacturing precision instruments, ship parts and shell shells of guns, and is also suitable for air conditioner pipes, refrigerator pipes, engine oil pipes and various machinery matching materials. However, in some precision instruments and equipment, the copper rod is required to have low resistivity and high conductivity, which requires increasing the copper content in the copper rod, but the strength of the copper rod is reduced after the copper content is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to obtain a copper rod with low resistivity and high strength, the application provides a high-strength high-conductivity copper rod and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-strength and high-conductivity copper rod, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-strength and high-conductivity copper rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the balance of copper.
By adopting the technical scheme, copper is used as a main conductive material and has the conductivity second to that of silver, but the copper is soft in texture and easy to deform when being directly applied, chromium and nickel can improve the hardness of a synthesized copper bar, and the original ductility of copper is kept, so that the processing performance of the copper bar is improved, and the conductivity of the copper bar cannot be greatly influenced due to the low content of chromium and nickel; after the aluminum is added, the aluminum and the chromium, nickel and copper form a metal complex in a high-temperature environment, and the metal complex is easy to separate out and disperse in a copper mother phase, so that the hardness of the copper rod is further improved; the molybdenum has stable chemical properties and high hardness, and can further improve the strength of the copper rod when dispersed in the copper parent phase; boron can improve the strength and heat resistance of the copper rod, phosphorus can reduce the viscosity of molten metal when metal elements such as copper and the like are melted and mixed, the molten metal can be conveniently cast and molded, and graphene is sp2The carbon atoms connected in a hybridization manner are tightly stacked into a new two-dimensional honeycomb-shaped latticed material, and after the new material is added into molten metal, the new material can be carbonized, so that the strength of the copper bar is further improved, and the influence on the conductivity of the copper bar can be reduced due to the combined action of the graphene, the phosphorus and the boron.
Preferably, the copper rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the balance of copper.
Preferably, the mass fraction ratio of chromium to nickel is (0.25-0.27): (0.16-0.18).
Preferably, each metal element in the copper rod is added in the form of a simple substance with the purity of 99.99%.
Preferably, the copper rod also contains 0.02 to 0.06 mass percent of silver.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a high-strength and high-conductivity copper rod, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-strength and high-conductivity copper rod comprises the following steps: placing copper in an inert atmosphere, smelting at high temperature until the copper is completely melted, preserving heat for 1h, pressurizing to 2-2.3 standard atmospheric pressures, sequentially adding aluminum, nickel, chromium and molybdenum, preserving heat for 2h after the copper is completely melted, vacuumizing to 0.4-0.5 standard atmospheric pressures, preserving heat for 2h, sequentially adding graphene, phosphorus and boron, completely melting, injecting into a casting mold, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and placing the cast ingot in an inert atmosphere, heating to 500-800 ℃, repeatedly stretching and rolling for 30-50 times, cooling to 200-300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and drawing to obtain the copper rod.
By adopting the technical scheme, the copper is placed in an inert atmosphere for high-temperature melting, so that metal elements such as copper and the like and non-metal elements are prevented from being oxidized in a high-temperature environment, and the copper is melted and then is subjected to heat preservation, so that copper atoms are mutually crosslinked to form a compact structure; after pressurization, aluminum, nickel, chromium and molybdenum are sequentially added into the copper mother phase, the boiling point of the aluminum is low, the boiling point of the aluminum can be relatively increased after pressurization, and the boiling of the aluminum in the melting process of the nickel, the chromium and the molybdenum is reduced; after other metal elements are completely melted, the temperature is preserved to promote the crosslinking among the metal elements, and the vacuumizing is convenient for the gas remained in the metal phase in the previous pressurizing process to overflow; adding graphene, phosphorus and boron in sequence for melting, injecting the mixture into a casting mold for cooling and shaping, heating and rolling the ingot, improving the mechanical property of the ingot to make the ingot more tough, and drawing the ingot to obtain the copper rod.
Preferably, the inert atmosphere is a helium atmosphere.
Preferably, the copper rod is placed in a helium atmosphere at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, and after the surface is polished, the isolation paint is sprayed.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: in the application, four metal elements of chromium, nickel, aluminum and molybdenum are added as additives to form copper alloy with copper, the chromium and the nickel can improve the hardness of the synthesized copper rod, and the original ductility of the copper is kept, so that the processing performance of the copper rod is improved, and the content of the chromium and the nickel is low, so that the conductivity of the copper rod cannot be greatly influenced; after the aluminum is added, the aluminum and the chromium, nickel and copper form a metal complex in a high-temperature environment, and the metal complex is easy to separate out and disperse in a copper mother phase, so that the hardness of the copper rod is further improved; molybdenum is chemically stable and has high hardness, and is dispersed in the copper matrix phase to further improve the strength of the copper rod.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Examples
Examples 1 to 7
In examples 1 to 7, the weight percentages of the respective components in the copper bar are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 weight percents of the components of the copper bars of examples 1-6
In the examples 1 to 7, each of the metallic elements and the nonmetallic elements was added in the form of a simple substance having a purity of 99.99%.
The preparation method of the copper rod in the embodiments 1 to 6 includes the following steps:
s1, placing the copper material in a metal smelting furnace, vacuumizing the metal smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is lower than 5Pa, introducing helium gas to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, smelting at high temperature until the copper material is completely melted, and preserving heat for 1 h;
s2, introducing helium to adjust the air pressure in the metal smelting furnace to 2-2.3 standard atmospheric pressures, sequentially adding aluminum, nickel, chromium and molybdenum at intervals of 30min, preserving heat for 2h after complete melting, vacuumizing the metal smelting furnace to 0.4-0.5 standard atmospheric pressure, and preserving heat for 2 h; sequentially adding graphene, phosphorus and boron into a metal smelting furnace, injecting into a casting mold after complete melting, and cooling and shaping to obtain a cuboid ingot;
s3, placing the ingot in a helium environment, heating to 500-800 ℃ for ingot softening, repeatedly stretching and rolling the ingot for 30-50 times, slowly cooling to 200-300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, drawing to obtain a copper rod, placing the copper rod in a helium atmosphere at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, polishing the surface of the copper rod, spraying an isolation paint, and drying.
The difference between the preparation method of the copper rod in this example 7 and the preparation methods of examples 1 to 5 is that: in S2 of the preparation method of embodiment 7, helium is introduced to adjust the air pressure in the metal melting furnace to 2 to 2.3 standard atmospheres, then aluminum, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and silver are added at intervals of 30min in sequence, after complete melting, heat is preserved for 2 hours, the metal melting furnace is evacuated to 0.4 to 0.5 standard atmospheres, and heat is preserved for 2 hours; and sequentially adding graphene, phosphorus and boron into a metal smelting furnace, injecting into a casting mold after complete melting, and cooling and shaping to obtain a cuboid ingot.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 5 in that the composition of the copper rod of comparative example 1 does not contain chromium.
The preparation method of the copper bar in comparative example 1 was adjusted accordingly.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 5 in that the composition of the copper rod of comparative example 1 does not contain nickel.
The preparation method of the copper rod in the comparative example 2 was adjusted accordingly.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 2 differs from example 5 in that the composition of the copper rod of comparative example 1 does not contain chromium and nickel.
The preparation method of the copper rod in the comparative example 2 was adjusted accordingly.
Performance test
Detection method
Conductivity: the copper rods of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were formed into copper rods having a gauge diameter of 1cm and a length of 10cm, and IACS conductivity was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Tensile strength: the copper rods of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were formed into copper rods having a gauge diameter of 1cm and a length of 10cm, and the tensile strength was measured by the method of GB/T228-2002.
TABLE 2 conductivity and tensile Strength data for copper bars in examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-3
By combining examples 1-6 with example 7 and combining table 2, it can be seen that the conductive performance of the copper rod can be improved and the tensile strength of the copper rod is less affected after the metallic silver is added in example 7.
Combining examples 1-6 with comparative examples 1-3, and table 2, it can be seen that examples 1-6 perform better in tensile strength than comparative examples 1-3, although the conductivity is slightly reduced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The high-strength high-conductivity copper rod is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
0.08 to 0.37 percent of chromium;
0.05 to 0.25 percent of nickel;
0.10 to 0.26 percent of aluminum;
0.18 to 0.38 percent of molybdenum;
0.18-0.35% of graphene;
0.20 to 0.50 percent of phosphorus;
0.20 to 0.50 percent of boron;
the balance of copper.
2. The copper bar of claim 1, wherein the copper bar comprises the following components in weight percent:
the balance of copper.
3. The copper bar of claim 2, wherein: the mass fraction ratio of the chromium to the nickel is (0.25-0.27): (0.16-0.18).
4. The copper bar of claim 2, wherein: the metal elements in the copper rod are added in the form of simple substances with the purity of 99.99 percent.
5. The copper bar of claim 2, wherein: the copper rod also contains silver with the mass fraction of 0.02-0.06%.
6. A method for preparing the high-strength high-conductivity copper rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: placing copper in an inert atmosphere, smelting at high temperature until the copper is completely melted, preserving heat for 1h, pressurizing to 2-2.3 standard atmospheric pressures, sequentially adding aluminum, nickel, chromium and molybdenum, preserving heat for 2h after the copper is completely melted, vacuumizing to 0.4-0.5 standard atmospheric pressures, preserving heat for 2h, sequentially adding graphene, phosphorus and boron, completely melting, injecting into a casting mold, and cooling to obtain an ingot; and placing the cast ingot in an inert atmosphere, heating to 500-800 ℃, repeatedly stretching and rolling for 30-50 times, cooling to 200-300 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and drawing to obtain the copper rod.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: the inert atmosphere is helium atmosphere.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper rod is characterized by comprising the following steps: and the copper bar is placed in a helium atmosphere at the temperature of 150-200 ℃, and after the surface of the copper bar is polished, isolation paint is sprayed.
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| CN202111166740.9A CN113930637A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | High-strength high-conductivity copper bar and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202111166740.9A CN113930637A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | High-strength high-conductivity copper bar and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115786763A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-14 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Copper-carbon composite material, preparation method and application thereof, and conductive product |
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| CN106282647A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-04 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | A kind of rareearth high-quality copper wires and preparation method thereof |
| CN107245590A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-13 | 上海电缆研究所有限公司 | Copper graphene composite material and preparation method |
| CN113201663A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-03 | 安徽绿能技术研究院有限公司 | High-conductivity copper alloy plate and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111166740.9A patent/CN113930637A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106282647A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-04 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | A kind of rareearth high-quality copper wires and preparation method thereof |
| CN107245590A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-13 | 上海电缆研究所有限公司 | Copper graphene composite material and preparation method |
| CN113201663A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-03 | 安徽绿能技术研究院有限公司 | High-conductivity copper alloy plate and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115786763A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-14 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Copper-carbon composite material, preparation method and application thereof, and conductive product |
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Application publication date: 20220114 |
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