CN113930410A

CN113930410A - Novel CRISPR-Cas12L enzymes and systems

Info

Publication number: CN113930410A
Application number: CN202010604319.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赖锦盛; 宋伟彬; 吕梦璐; 刘宇新; 赵海铭; 张继红; 李英男; 王莹莹
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-06-29
Filing date: 2020-06-29
Publication date: 2022-01-14

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of nucleic acid editing, in particular to the technical field of regularly clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In particular, the present invention relates to Cas effector proteins, fusion proteins comprising such proteins, and nucleic acid molecules encoding them. The invention also relates to complexes and compositions for nucleic acid editing (e.g., gene or genome editing) comprising a protein or fusion protein of the invention, or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the same. The invention also relates to methods for nucleic acid editing (e.g., gene or genome editing) using a nucleic acid comprising a protein or fusion protein of the invention.

Description

Novel CRISPR-Cas12L enzymes and systems

Technical Field

Background

The CRISPR/Cas technology is a widely used gene editing technology, which specifically binds to a target sequence on a genome and cleaves DNA to generate double-strand break through RNA guide, and performs site-directed gene editing by using bionon-homologous end joining or homologous recombination.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most commonly used type II CRISPR system, which recognizes the PAM motif of 3' -NGG, performing blunt-end cleavage of the target sequence. The CRISPR/Cas Type V system is a newly discovered Type of CRISPR system in recent two years, which has a motif of 5' -TTN, with sticky end cleavage of the target sequence, e.g. Cpf1, C2C1, CasX, CasY. However, the different CRISPRs/Cas currently available have different advantages and disadvantages. For example, Cas9, C2C1 and CasX all require two RNAs for guide RNA, whereas Cpf1 requires only one guide RNA and can be used for multiplex gene editing. CasX has a size of 980 amino acids, while the common Cas9, C2C1, CasY and Cpf1 are typically around 1300 amino acids in size. In addition, the PAM sequences of Cas9, Cpf1, CasX, and CasY are complex and diverse, while C2C1 recognizes the stringent 5' -TTN, so its target site is easily predicted than other systems to reduce potential off-target effects.

In summary, given that currently available CRISPR/Cas systems are all limited by some drawbacks, the development of a new more robust CRISPR/Cas system with versatile good performance is of great significance for the development of biotechnology.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventors of the present application have unexpectedly discovered a novel RNA-guided endonuclease by a great deal of experimentation and trial and error. Based on this finding, the present inventors developed a new CRISPR/Cas system and a gene editing method based on the system.

Cas effector protein

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an ortholog, homolog, variant, or functional fragment thereof; wherein the ortholog, homologue, variant or functional fragment substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived.

In the present invention, the biological functions of the above sequences include, but are not limited to, the activity of binding to a guide RNA, the activity of endonuclease, and the activity of binding to a specific site of a target sequence and cleaving under the guidance of the guide RNA.

In certain embodiments, the ortholog, homolog, variant has at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity compared to the sequence from which it is derived.

In certain embodiments, the ortholog, homolog, variant is identical to SEQ ID NO:1, and substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived (e.g., activity to bind to a guide RNA, endonuclease activity, activity to bind to and cleave at a specific site in a target sequence under the guidance of a guide RNA).

In certain embodiments, the protein is an effector protein in a CRISPR/Cas system.

In certain embodiments, the protein of the invention comprises, or consists of, a sequence selected from:

(i) SEQ ID NO: 1;

(ii) and SEQ ID NO:1 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions, deletions, or additions) compared to the sequence of (a); or

(iii) And SEQ ID NO:1, has a sequence identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%.

In certain embodiments, the proteins of the invention have the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

Derived proteins

The protein of the invention may be derivatized, for example, linked to another molecule (e.g., another polypeptide or protein). In general, derivatization (e.g., labeling) of a protein does not adversely affect the desired activity of the protein (e.g., activity of binding to a guide RNA, endonuclease activity, activity of binding to a specific site of a target sequence under the guidance of a guide RNA and cleavage). Thus, the proteins of the present invention are also intended to include such derivatized forms. For example, a protein of the invention can be functionally linked (by chemical coupling, genetic fusion, non-covalent attachment, or other means) to one or more other molecular moieties, such as another protein or polypeptide, a detection reagent, a pharmaceutical agent, and the like.

In particular, the proteins of the invention may be linked to other functional units. For example, it may be linked to a Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) sequence to enhance the ability of the protein of the invention to enter the nucleus. For example, it may be linked to a targeting moiety to target the protein of the invention. For example, it may be linked to a detectable label to facilitate detection of the protein of the invention. For example, it may be linked to an epitope tag to facilitate expression, detection, tracking and/or purification of the protein of the invention.

Conjugates

Thus, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a conjugate comprising a protein as described above and a modifying moiety.

In certain embodiments, the modifying moiety is selected from an additional protein or polypeptide, a detectable label, or any combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the additional protein or polypeptide is selected from an epitope tag, a reporter sequence, a Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) sequence, a targeting moiety, a transcription activation domain (e.g., VP64), a transcription repression domain (e.g., KRAB domain or SID domain), a nuclease domain (e.g., Fok1), a domain having an activity selected from the group consisting of: nucleotide deaminase, methylase activity, demethylase, transcriptional activation activity, transcriptional repression activity, transcriptional release factor activity, histone modification activity, nuclease activity, single-stranded RNA cleavage activity, double-stranded RNA cleavage activity, single-stranded DNA cleavage activity, double-stranded DNA cleavage activity and nucleic acid binding activity; and any combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the conjugates of the invention comprise one or more NLS sequences, for example the NLS of the SV40 virus large T antigen. In certain exemplary embodiments, the NLS sequence is as set forth in SEQ ID NO 7. In certain embodiments, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near a terminus (e.g., N-terminus or C-terminus) of a protein of the invention. In certain exemplary embodiments, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near the C-terminus of a protein of the invention.

In certain embodiments, the conjugates of the invention comprise an epitope tag (epitope tag). Such epitope tags are well known to those skilled in the art, examples of which include, but are not limited to, His, V5, FLAG, HA, Myc, VSV-G, Trx, and the like, and those skilled in the art know how to select an appropriate epitope tag for a desired purpose (e.g., purification, detection, or tracking).

In certain embodiments, the conjugates of the invention comprise a reporter gene sequence. Such reporter genes are well known to those skilled in the art, and examples include, but are not limited to, GST, HRP, CAT, GFP, HcRed, DsRed, CFP, YFP, BFP, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the conjugates of the invention comprise a domain capable of binding to a DNA molecule or intracellular molecule, such as Maltose Binding Protein (MBP), the DNA binding domain of Lex a (DBD), the DBD of GAL4, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the conjugates of the invention comprise a detectable label, such as a fluorescent dye, e.g., FITC or DAPI.

In certain embodiments, the protein of the invention is coupled, conjugated or fused to the modifying moiety, optionally via a linker.

In certain embodiments, the modification moiety is directly linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein of the invention.

In certain embodiments, the modification moiety is linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein of the invention via a linker. Such linkers are well known in the art, examples of which include, but are not limited to, linkers comprising one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) amino acids (e.g., Glu or Ser) or amino acid derivatives (e.g., Ahx, β -Ala, GABA, or Ava), or PEG, and the like.

Fusion proteins

In a third aspect, the invention provides a fusion protein comprising a protein of the invention and a further protein or polypeptide.

In certain embodiments, the fusion proteins of the invention comprise one or more NLS sequences, such as the NLS of the SV40 virus large T antigen. In certain embodiments, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near a terminus (e.g., N-terminus or C-terminus) of a protein of the invention. In certain exemplary embodiments, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near the C-terminus of a protein of the invention.

In certain embodiments, the fusion protein of the invention comprises an epitope tag.

In certain embodiments, the fusion protein of the invention comprises a reporter gene sequence.

In certain embodiments, the fusion proteins of the present invention comprise a domain capable of binding to a DNA molecule or an intracellular molecule.

In certain embodiments, the protein of the invention is fused to the additional protein or polypeptide, optionally via a linker.

In certain embodiments, the additional protein or polypeptide is directly linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein of the invention.

In certain embodiments, the additional protein or polypeptide is linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein of the invention via a linker.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the fusion protein of the invention has an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO 8.

The protein of the present invention, the conjugate of the present invention or the fusion protein of the present invention is not limited by the manner of production thereof, and for example, it may be produced by a genetic engineering method (recombinant technique) or may be produced by a chemical synthesis method.

Direct repeat sequence

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising, or consisting of, a sequence selected from:

(i) SEQ ID NO:4 or 6;

(ii) and SEQ ID NO:4 or 6 with substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more bases (e.g., substitution, deletion, or addition of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 bases);

(iii) and SEQ ID NO:4 or 6, having at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity;

(iv) (iv) a sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a sequence described in any one of (i) - (iii); or

(v) (iv) the complement of the sequence set forth in any one of (i) - (iii);

and the sequence of any of (ii) - (v) substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived, i.e., activity as a direct repeat in a CRISPR-Cas system.

In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is a direct repeat in a CRISPR-Cas system.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises, or consists of, a sequence selected from the group consisting of seq id no:

(a) SEQ ID NO:4 or 6;

(b) a sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to the sequence of (a); or

(c) A complement of the sequence described in (a).

In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is RNA.

CRISPR/Cas complexes

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a complex comprising:

(i) a protein component selected from: a protein, conjugate or fusion protein of the invention, and any combination thereof; and

(ii) a nucleic acid component comprising in the 5 'to 3' direction an isolated nucleic acid molecule as described above and a targeting sequence capable of hybridizing to a target sequence,

wherein the protein component and the nucleic acid component are bound to each other to form a complex.

In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence is linked to the 3' end of the nucleic acid molecule.

In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence comprises a complement of the target sequence.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid component is a guide RNA in a CRISPR-Cas system.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is RNA.

In certain embodiments, the complex does not comprise trans-acting crrna (tracrrna).

In certain embodiments, the complex is targeted to a third component that is a double-stranded polynucleotide comprising a target sequence adjacent to the motif sequence.

In certain embodiments, the target sequence is located 3' to the motif sequence.

In certain embodiments, the target sequence is less than 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 nucleotides in length from the motif sequence.

In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence is at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence is 10-30, or 15-25, or 15-22, or 19-25, or 19-22 nucleotides in length.

In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is 55-70 nucleotides, such as 55-65 nucleotides, for example 60-65 nucleotides, such as 62-65 nucleotides, for example 63-64 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is 15-30 nucleotides, such as 15-25 nucleotides, for example 20-25 nucleotides, such as 22-24 nucleotides, for example 23 nucleotides in length.

Coding nucleic acid, vector and hostCells

In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising:

(i) a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein or fusion protein of the invention;

(ii) a nucleotide sequence encoding the isolated nucleic acid molecule of the fourth aspect; or

(iii) Comprising the nucleotide sequences of (i) and (ii).

In certain embodiments, the nucleotide sequence described in any of (i) - (iii) is codon optimized for expression in a prokaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the nucleotide sequence described in any of (i) - (iii) is codon optimized for expression in a eukaryotic cell.

In a seventh aspect, the present invention also provides a vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of the sixth aspect. The vector of the present invention may be a cloning vector or an expression vector. In certain embodiments, the vectors of the invention are, for example, plasmids, cosmids, phages, cosmids, and the like. In certain embodiments, the vector is capable of expressing a protein, fusion protein, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, or complex according to the fifth aspect of the invention in a subject (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human).

In an eighth aspect, the invention also provides a host cell comprising an isolated nucleic acid molecule or vector as described above. Such host cells include, but are not limited to, prokaryotic cells such as E.coli cells, and eukaryotic cells such as yeast cells, insect cells, plant cells, and animal cells (e.g., mammalian cells, e.g., mouse cells, human cells, etc.). The cell of the invention may also be a cell line, such as 293T cells.

Composition and carrier composition

In a ninth aspect, the present invention also provides a composition comprising:

(i) a first component selected from: the proteins, conjugates, fusion proteins, nucleotide sequences encoding the proteins or fusion proteins of the invention, and any combination thereof; and

(ii) a second component which is a nucleotide sequence comprising a guide RNA, or a nucleotide sequence encoding said nucleotide sequence comprising a guide RNA;

wherein the guide RNA comprises a direct repeat sequence and a guide sequence from 5 'to 3' direction, wherein the guide sequence can be hybridized with a target sequence;

(ii) the guide RNA is capable of forming a complex with the protein, conjugate or fusion protein described in (i).

In certain embodiments, the direct repeat sequence is an isolated nucleic acid molecule as defined in the fourth aspect.

In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence is linked to the 3' end of the direct repeat sequence. In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence comprises a complement of the target sequence.

In certain embodiments, the composition does not comprise crrna (tracrrna).

In certain embodiments, the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified. In certain embodiments, at least one component of the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified. In certain embodiments, the first component is non-naturally occurring or modified; and/or, the second component is non-naturally occurring or modified.

In certain embodiments, when the target sequence is DNA, the target sequence is located 3' of the protospacer adjacent to the motif (PAM).

In certain embodiments, when the target sequence is RNA, the target sequence does not have PAM domain restriction.

In certain embodiments, the target sequence is a DNA or RNA sequence from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the target sequence is a non-naturally occurring DNA or RNA sequence.

In certain embodiments, the target sequence is present within a cell. In certain embodiments, the target sequence is present within the nucleus or within the cytoplasm (e.g., organelle). In certain embodiments, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a prokaryotic cell.

In certain embodiments, the protein has one or more NLS sequences attached thereto. In certain embodiments, the conjugate or fusion protein comprises one or more NLS sequences. In certain embodiments, the NLS sequence is linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein. In certain embodiments, the NLS sequence is fused to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein.

In a tenth aspect, the present invention also provides a composition comprising one or more carriers comprising:

(i) a first nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein or fusion protein of the invention; optionally the first nucleic acid is operably linked to a first regulatory element; and

(ii) a second nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a guide RNA; optionally the second nucleic acid is operably linked to a second regulatory element;

wherein:

the first nucleic acid and the second nucleic acid are present on the same or different vectors;

the guide RNA comprises a direct repeat sequence and a guide sequence from 5 'to 3' direction, and the guide sequence can be hybridized with a target sequence;

(ii) the guide RNA is capable of forming a complex with the effector protein or fusion protein described in (i).

In certain embodiments, the composition does not comprise trans-acting crrna (tracrrna).

In certain embodiments, the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified. In certain embodiments, at least one component of the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified.

In certain embodiments, the first regulatory element is a promoter, e.g., an inducible promoter.

In certain embodiments, the second regulatory element is a promoter, e.g., an inducible promoter.

In certain embodiments, one type of vector is a plasmid, which refers to a circular double-stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA segments can be inserted, for example, by standard molecular cloning techniques. Another type of vector is a viral vector, in which the virus-derived DNA or RNA sequences are present in a vector for packaging of viruses (e.g., retroviruses, replication-defective retroviruses, adenoviruses, replication-defective adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses). Viral vectors also comprise polynucleotides carried by viruses for transfection into a host cell. Certain vectors (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors) are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced. Other vectors (e.g., non-episomal mammalian vectors) are integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome. Moreover, certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operably linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as "expression vectors". Common expression vectors used in recombinant DNA technology are usually in the form of plasmids.

Recombinant expression vectors may comprise the nucleic acid molecules of the invention in a form suitable for expression of the nucleic acid in a host cell, which means that these recombinant expression vectors comprise one or more regulatory elements selected on the basis of the host cell to be used for expression, which regulatory elements are operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence to be expressed.

Delivery and delivery compositions

The protein, conjugate, fusion protein, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, complex according to the invention, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the sixth aspect, vector according to the seventh aspect, composition according to the ninth and tenth aspects of the invention may be delivered by any method known in the art. Such methods include, but are not limited to, electroporation, lipofection, nuclear transfection, microinjection, sonoporation, gene gun, calcium phosphate-mediated transfection, cationic transfection, lipofection, dendritic transfection, heat shock transfection, nuclear transfection, magnetic transfection, lipofection, puncture transfection, optical transfection, agent-enhanced nucleic acid uptake, and delivery via liposomes, immunoliposomes, viral particles, artificial virosomes, and the like.

Accordingly, in another aspect, the present invention provides a delivery composition comprising a delivery vehicle and one or more selected from the group consisting of: the protein, conjugate, fusion protein of the invention, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, complex of the invention, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the sixth aspect, vector according to the seventh aspect, composition according to the ninth and tenth aspects.

In certain embodiments, the delivery vehicle is a particle.

In certain embodiments, the delivery vector is selected from a lipid particle, a sugar particle, a metal particle, a protein particle, a liposome, an exosome, a microvesicle, a gene gun, or a viral vector (e.g., a replication defective retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus).

Reagent kit

In another aspect, the invention provides a kit comprising one or more of the components as described above. In certain embodiments, the kit comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of: the protein, conjugate, fusion protein of the invention, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, complex of the invention, isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the sixth aspect, vector according to the seventh aspect, composition according to the ninth and tenth aspects.

In certain embodiments, the kit of the invention comprises a composition as described in the ninth aspect. In certain embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions for using the composition.

In certain embodiments, the kit of the invention comprises a composition as described in the tenth aspect. In certain embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions for using the composition.

In certain embodiments, the components contained in the kits of the invention may be provided in any suitable container.

In certain embodiments, the kit further comprises one or more buffers. The buffer may be any buffer including, but not limited to, sodium carbonate buffer, sodium bicarbonate buffer, borate buffer, Tris buffer, MOPS buffer, HEPES buffer, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the buffer is basic. In certain embodiments, the buffer has a pH of from about 7 to about 10.

In certain embodiments, the kit further comprises one or more oligonucleotides corresponding to a targeting sequence for insertion into a vector, so as to operably link the targeting sequence and regulatory elements. In certain embodiments, the kit comprises a homologous recombination template polynucleotide.

Method and use

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of modifying a target gene, comprising: contacting the complex of the fifth aspect, the composition of the ninth aspect or the composition of the tenth aspect with the target gene, or delivering into a cell comprising the target gene; the target sequence is present in the target gene.

In certain embodiments, the target gene is present in a cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a prokaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a human cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is selected from a non-human primate, bovine, porcine, or rodent cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a non-mammalian eukaryotic cell, such as poultry or fish, and the like. In certain embodiments, the cell is a plant cell, such as a cell possessed by a cultivated plant (e.g., cassava, corn, sorghum, wheat, or rice), an algae, a tree, or a vegetable.

In certain embodiments, the target gene is present in a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a plasmid) in vitro. In certain embodiments, the target gene is present in a plasmid.

In certain embodiments, the method results in target sequence breaks (e.g., breaks a double strand of DNA or a single strand of RNA)

In certain embodiments, the disruption results in reduced transcription of the target gene.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises: an editing template (e.g., exogenous nucleic acid) is contacted with the target gene or delivered into a cell comprising the target gene. In such embodiments, the method repairs the disrupted target gene by homologous recombination with an editing template (e.g., an exogenous nucleic acid), wherein the repair results in a mutation comprising an insertion, deletion, or substitution of one or more nucleotides of the target gene. In certain embodiments, the mutation results in one or more amino acid changes in a protein expressed from a gene comprising the target sequence.

Thus, in certain embodiments, the modification further comprises inserting an editing template (e.g., an exogenous nucleic acid) into the break.

In certain embodiments, the protein, conjugate, fusion protein, isolated nucleic acid molecule, complex, vector or composition is comprised in a delivery vehicle.

In certain embodiments, the delivery vector is selected from the group consisting of a lipid particle, a sugar particle, a metal particle, a protein particle, a liposome, an exosome, a viral vector (such as a replication-defective retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus).

In certain embodiments, the methods are used to alter one or more target sequences in a target gene or nucleic acid molecule encoding a target gene product to modify a cell, cell line, or organism.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of altering the expression of a gene product comprising: contacting the complex of the fifth aspect, the composition of the ninth aspect or the composition of the tenth aspect with a nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene product, or delivering into a cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule, the target sequence being present in the nucleic acid molecule.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is present within a cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a prokaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a human cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is selected from a non-human primate, bovine, porcine, or rodent cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a non-mammalian eukaryotic cell, such as poultry or fish, and the like. In certain embodiments, the cell is a plant cell, such as a cell possessed by a cultivated plant (e.g., cassava, corn, sorghum, wheat, or rice), an algae, a tree, or a vegetable.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is present in a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a plasmid) in vitro. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is present in a plasmid.

In certain embodiments, the expression of the gene product is altered (e.g., enhanced or decreased). In certain embodiments, the expression of the gene product is enhanced. In certain embodiments, the expression of the gene product is reduced.

In certain embodiments, the gene product is a protein.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a protein according to the first aspect, a conjugate according to the second aspect, a fusion protein according to the third aspect, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, a complex according to the fifth aspect, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the sixth aspect, a vector according to the seventh aspect, a composition according to the ninth aspect, a composition according to the tenth aspect, a kit or a delivery composition according to the invention, for use in nucleic acid editing.

In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid editing comprises gene or genome editing, e.g., modifying a gene, knocking out a gene, altering expression of a gene product, repairing a mutation, and/or inserting a polynucleotide.

In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a protein according to the first aspect, a conjugate according to the second aspect, a fusion protein according to the third aspect, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the fourth aspect, a complex according to the fifth aspect, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to the sixth aspect, a vector according to the seventh aspect, a composition according to the ninth aspect, a composition according to the tenth aspect, a kit or a delivery composition according to the invention, for the preparation of a formulation for:

(i) ex vivo gene or genome editing;

(ii) detecting isolated single-stranded DNA;

(iii) editing a target sequence in a target locus to modify an organism or non-human organism;

(iv) treating a condition caused by a defect in a target sequence in a target locus.

Cells and cell progeny

In certain instances, the modifications introduced into the cells by the methods of the invention may allow the cells and their progeny to be altered to improve the production of their biological products (e.g., antibodies, starch, ethanol, or other desired cellular outputs). In certain instances, the modification introduced into the cell by the methods of the invention can be such that the cell and its progeny include changes that result in a change in the biological product produced.

Thus, in a further aspect, the invention also relates to a cell obtained by a method as described above, or progeny thereof, wherein said cell contains a modification which is not present in its wild type.

The invention also relates to a cell product of a cell as described above or progeny thereof.

The invention also relates to an in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo cell or cell line or progeny thereof comprising: the protein of the first aspect, the conjugate of the second aspect, the fusion protein of the third aspect, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of the fourth aspect, the complex of the fifth aspect, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of the sixth aspect, the vector of the seventh aspect, the composition of the ninth aspect, the composition of the tenth aspect, the kit of the invention, or the delivery composition.

In certain embodiments, the cell is a prokaryotic cell.

In certain embodiments, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a human cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a non-human mammalian cell, e.g., a cell of a non-human primate, bovine, ovine, porcine, canine, monkey, rabbit, rodent (e.g., rat or mouse). In certain embodiments, the cell is a non-mammalian eukaryotic cell, such as a cell of a poultry bird (e.g., chicken), fish, or crustacean (e.g., clam, shrimp). In certain embodiments, the cell is a plant cell, e.g., a cell possessed by a monocot or dicot or a cell possessed by a cultivated plant or a food crop such as cassava, corn, sorghum, soybean, wheat, oat, or rice, e.g., an algae, a tree, or a producer, a fruit, or a vegetable (e.g., a tree such as a citrus tree, a nut tree; a solanum plant, cotton, tobacco, tomato, grape, coffee, cocoa, etc.).

In certain embodiments, the cell is a stem cell or stem cell line.

Definition of terms

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings that are commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Also, the procedures of molecular genetics, nucleic acid chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell culture, microbiology, cell biology, genomics, and recombinant DNA, etc., used herein, are all conventional procedures widely used in the corresponding field. Meanwhile, in order to better understand the present invention, the definitions and explanations of related terms are provided below.

In the present invention, the expression "Cas 12L" refers to a Cas effector protein that the present inventors first discovered and identified, having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:

(i) SEQ ID NO: 1;

The Cas12L of the present invention is an endonuclease that binds to and cleaves at a specific site on a target sequence under the guidance of a guide RNA, and has both DNA and RNA endonuclease activity.

As used herein, the terms "regularly clustered short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) -CRISPR-associated (Cas) (CRISPR-Cas) system" or "CRISPR system" are used interchangeably and have the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art, which generally comprise a transcript or other element that is associated with the expression of a CRISPR-associated ("Cas") gene, or a transcript or other element that is capable of directing the activity of said Cas gene. Such transcription products or other elements may comprise sequences encoding Cas effector proteins and guide RNAs comprising CRISPR RNA (crRNA), as well as trans-acting crRNA (tracrrna) sequences contained in the CRISPR-Cas9 system, or other sequences or transcription products from the CRISPR locus. In the Cas 12L-based CRISPR system described herein, the tracrRNA sequence is not required.

As used herein, the terms "Cas effector protein", "Cas effector enzyme" are used interchangeably and refer to any one of the proteins present in the CRISPR-Cas system that is greater than 800 amino acids in length. In some cases, such proteins refer to proteins identified from a Cas locus.

As used herein, the terms "guide rna", "mature crRNA" are used interchangeably and have the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In general, the guide RNA may comprise, or consist essentially of, a direct repeat and a guide sequence (guide sequence). In certain instances, the guide sequence is any polynucleotide sequence that is sufficiently complementary to the target sequence to hybridize to the target sequence and direct specific binding of the CRISPR/Cas complex to the target sequence. In certain embodiments, the degree of complementarity between a targeting sequence and its corresponding target sequence, when optimally aligned, is at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99%. Determining the optimal alignment is within the ability of one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, there are published and commercially available alignment algorithms and programs such as, but not limited to, ClustalW, the Smith-Waterman algorithm in matlab (Smith-Waterman), Bowtie, Geneius, Biopython, and SeqMan.

In certain instances, the targeting sequence is at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, or at least 50 nucleotides in length. In some cases, the targeting sequence is no more than 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 15, 10, or fewer nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, the targeting sequence is 10-30, or 15-25, or 15-22, or 19-25, or 19-22 nucleotides in length.

In certain instances, the direct repeat sequence is at least 10, at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, at least 60, at least 61, at least 62, at least 63, at least 64, at least 65, or at least 70 nucleotides in length. In some cases, the direct repeat sequence is no more than 70, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 15, 10, or fewer nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, the direct repeat sequence is 55-70 nucleotides, such as 55-65 nucleotides, for example 60-65 nucleotides, such as 62-65 nucleotides, for example 63-64 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, the direct repeat sequence is 15 to 30 nucleotides, such as 15 to 25 nucleotides, for example 20 to 25 nucleotides, such as 22 to 24 nucleotides, for example 23 nucleotides in length.

As used herein, the term "CRISPR/Cas complex" refers to a ribonucleoprotein complex formed by binding of a guide rna (guide rna) or mature crRNA to a Cas protein, which comprises a guide sequence that hybridizes to a target sequence and binds to a Cas protein. The ribonucleoprotein complex is capable of recognizing and cleaving a polynucleotide that is capable of hybridizing to the guide RNA or mature crRNA.

Thus, in the context of forming a CRISPR/Cas complex, a "target sequence" refers to a polynucleotide targeted by a guide sequence that is designed to have targeting, e.g., a sequence that is complementary to the guide sequence, wherein hybridization between the target sequence and the guide sequence will promote formation of the CRISPR/Cas complex. Complete complementarity is not necessary as long as there is sufficient complementarity to cause hybridization and promote formation of a CRISPR/Cas complex. The target sequence may comprise any polynucleotide, such as DNA or RNA. In some cases, the target sequence is located in the nucleus or cytoplasm of the cell. In some cases, the target sequence may be located within an organelle of the eukaryotic cell, such as a mitochondrion or chloroplast. Sequences or templates that can be used for recombination into a target locus containing the target sequence are referred to as "editing templates" or "editing polynucleotides" or "editing sequences". In certain embodiments, the editing template is an exogenous nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the recombination is homologous recombination.

In the present invention, the expression "target sequence" or "target polynucleotide" may be any polynucleotide endogenous or exogenous to a cell (e.g., a eukaryotic cell). For example, the target polynucleotide may be a polynucleotide present in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The target polynucleotide may be a sequence encoding a gene product (e.g., a protein) or a non-coding sequence (e.g., a regulatory polynucleotide or non-useful DNA). In some cases, it is believed that the target sequence should be related to the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM). The exact sequence and length requirements for PAM vary depending on the Cas effector enzyme used, but PAM is typically a 2-5 base pair sequence adjacent to the original spacer sequence (i.e., the target sequence). One skilled in the art can identify PAM sequences for use with a given Cas effector protein. Herein, "specific motif sequence recognized by Cas protein" or "motif sequence" refers to PAM sequence.

In some cases, the target sequence or target polynucleotide may include a plurality of disease-associated genes and polynucleotides as well as signaling biochemical pathway-associated genes and polynucleotides. Non-limiting examples of such target sequences or target polynucleotides include those listed in U.S. provisional patent applications 61/736,527 and 61/748,427 filed 12.12.2012 and 1.2.2013, and international application PCT/US2013/074667 filed 12.12.2013, respectively, which are all incorporated herein by reference.

In some cases, examples of a target sequence or target polynucleotide include sequences associated with a signaling biochemical pathway, such as a signaling biochemical pathway-associated gene or polynucleotide. Examples of target polynucleotides include disease-associated genes or polynucleotides. A "disease-associated" gene or polynucleotide refers to any gene or polynucleotide that produces a transcription or translation product at an abnormal level or in an abnormal form in cells derived from a disease-affected tissue, as compared to a non-disease control tissue or cell. Where altered expression is associated with the appearance and/or progression of a disease, it may be a gene that is expressed at an abnormally high level; alternatively, it may be a gene that is expressed at an abnormally low level. A disease-associated gene also refers to a gene having one or more mutations or genetic variation that is directly responsible for or in linkage disequilibrium with one or more genes responsible for the etiology of a disease. The transcribed or translated product may be known or unknown, and may be at normal or abnormal levels.

As used herein, the term "wild-type" has the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to mean a typical form of an organism, strain, gene, or characteristic that, when it exists in nature, is distinguished from a mutant or variant form, which may be isolated from a source in nature and which has not been intentionally modified by man.

As used herein, the terms "non-naturally occurring" or "engineered" are used interchangeably and represent artificial participation. When these terms are used to describe a nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide, it means that the nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide is at least substantially free from at least one other component with which it is associated in nature or as found in nature.

As used herein, the term "ortholog" has the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. By way of further guidance, an "ortholog" of a protein as described herein refers to a protein belonging to a different species that performs the same or similar function as the protein being its ortholog.

As used herein, the term "identity" is used to refer to the match of sequences between two polypeptides or between two nucleic acids. When a position in both of the sequences being compared is occupied by the same base or amino acid monomer subunit (e.g., a position in each of two DNA molecules is occupied by adenine, or a position in each of two polypeptides is occupied by lysine), then the molecules are identical at that position. The "percent identity" between two sequences is a function of the number of matching positions shared by the two sequences divided by the number of positions compared x 100. For example, if 6 of 10 positions of two sequences match, then the two sequences have 60% identity. For example, the DNA sequences CTGACT and CAGGTT share 50% identity (3 of the total 6 positions match). Typically, the comparison is made when the two sequences are aligned to yield maximum identity. Such alignments can be performed by using, for example, Needleman et al (1970) j.mol.biol.48: 443-453. The algorithm of E.Meyers and W.Miller (Compout.appl biosci., 4:11-17(1988)) which has been incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0) can also be used to determine percent identity between two amino acid sequences using a PAM120 weight residue table (weight residue table), a gap length penalty of 12, and a gap penalty of 4. Furthermore, percent identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch (J MoI biol.48: 444-.

As used herein, the term "vector" refers to a nucleic acid delivery vehicle into which a polynucleotide can be inserted. When a vector is capable of expressing a protein encoded by an inserted polynucleotide, the vector is referred to as an expression vector. The vector may be introduced into a host cell by transformation, transduction, or transfection, and the genetic material elements carried thereby are expressed in the host cell. Vectors are well known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to: a plasmid; phagemid; a cosmid; artificial chromosomes such as Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs), Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), or artificial chromosomes (PACs) derived from P1; bacteriophage such as lambda phage or M13 phage, animal virus, etc. Animal viruses that may be used as vectors include, but are not limited to, retroviruses (including lentiviruses), adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, herpes viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus), poxviruses, baculoviruses, papilloma viruses, papilloma polyoma vacuolatum viruses (e.g., SV 40). A vector may contain a variety of elements that control expression, including, but not limited to, promoter sequences, transcription initiation sequences, enhancer sequences, selection elements, and reporter genes. In addition, the vector may contain a replication initiation site.

As used herein, the term "host cell" refers to a cell that can be used for introducing a vector, and includes, but is not limited to, prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis, fungal cells such as yeast cells or Aspergillus, insect cells such as S2 Drosophila cells or Sf9, or animal cells such as fibroblast, CHO cells, COS cells, NSO cells, HeLa cells, BHK cells, HEK293 cells, or human cells.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the design of an expression vector may depend on factors such as the choice of host cell to be transformed, the level of expression desired, and the like. A vector can be introduced into a host cell to thereby produce a transcript, protein, or peptide, including from a protein, fusion protein, isolated nucleic acid molecule, etc. (e.g., a CRISPR transcript, such as a nucleic acid transcript, protein, or enzyme) as described herein.

As used herein, the term "regulatory element" is intended to include promoters, enhancers, Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES), and other expression control elements (e.g., transcription termination signals such as polyadenylation signals and poly-U sequences), which are described in detail with reference to gordel (Goeddel), "gene expression technology: METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY (GENE EXPRESSIONECHNOLOGY: METHOD IN ENZYMOLOGY)185, Academic Press (Academic Press), San Diego (San Diego), Calif. (1990). In some cases, regulatory elements include those sequences that direct constitutive expression of a nucleotide sequence in many types of host cells as well as those sequences that direct expression of the nucleotide sequence only in certain host cells (e.g., tissue-specific regulatory sequences). Tissue-specific promoters may primarily direct expression in a desired tissue of interest, such as muscle, neuron, bone, skin, blood, a particular organ (e.g., liver, pancreas), or a particular cell type (e.g., lymphocyte). In certain instances, a regulatory element may also direct expression in a time-dependent manner (e.g., in a cell cycle-dependent or developmental stage-dependent manner), which may or may not be tissue or cell type specific. In certain instances, the term "regulatory element" encompasses enhancer elements, such as WPRE; a CMV enhancer; the R-U5' fragment in the LTR of HTLV-I ((mol. cell. biol., Vol.8 (1), pp.466-472, 1988); the SV40 enhancer; and the intron sequence between exons 2 and 3 of rabbit β -globin (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., Vol.78 (3), pp.1527-31, 1981).

As used herein, the term "promoter" has a meaning well known to those skilled in the art and refers to a non-coding nucleotide sequence located upstream of a gene that promotes expression of a downstream gene. Constitutive (constitutive) promoters are nucleotide sequences that: when operably linked to a polynucleotide that encodes or defines a gene product, it results in the production of the gene product in the cell under most or all physiological conditions of the cell. An inducible promoter is a nucleotide sequence that, when operably linked to a polynucleotide that encodes or defines a gene product, causes the gene product to be produced intracellularly substantially only when an inducer corresponding to the promoter is present in the cell. A tissue-specific promoter is a nucleotide sequence that: when operably linked to a polynucleotide that encodes or defines a gene product, it results in the production of the gene product in the cell substantially only when the cell is of the tissue type to which the promoter corresponds.

As used herein, the term "operably linked" is intended to mean that the nucleotide sequence of interest is linked to the one or more regulatory elements in a manner that allows for expression of the nucleotide sequence (e.g., in an in vitro transcription/translation system or in a host cell when the vector is introduced into the host cell).

As used herein, the term "complementarity" refers to the ability of a nucleic acid to form one or more hydrogen bonds with another nucleic acid sequence by means of a conventional watson-crick or other unconventional type. Percent complementarity refers to the percentage of residues (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 out of 10 are 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% complementary) in a nucleic acid molecule that can form hydrogen bonds (e.g., watson-crick base pairing) with a second nucleic acid sequence. "completely complementary" means that all consecutive residues of one nucleic acid sequence hydrogen bond with the same number of consecutive residues in a second nucleic acid sequence. As used herein, "substantially complementary" refers to a degree of complementarity of at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% over a region of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or more nucleotides, or to two nucleic acids that hybridize under stringent conditions.

As used herein, "stringent conditions" for hybridization refer to conditions under which a nucleic acid having complementarity to a target sequence predominantly hybridizes to the target sequence and does not substantially hybridize to non-target sequences. Stringent conditions are generally sequence dependent and vary depending on a number of factors. In general, the longer the sequence, the higher the temperature at which the sequence specifically hybridizes to its target sequence. Non-limiting examples of stringent conditions are described In Tijssen (1993) Laboratory technology In biochemistry and Molecular Biology-Nucleic Acid Probe Hybridization (Laboratory Techniques In biochemistry-Hybridization With Nucleic Acid Probes), section I, chapter II, "brief description of Hybridization principles and Nucleic Acid Probe analysis strategy" ("Overview of Hybridization and Hybridization analysis of Nucleic Acid probe assay"), Emei (Elissevier), New York.

As used herein, the term "hybridization" refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding of bases between the nucleotide residues. Hydrogen bonding can occur by means of watson-crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence specific manner. The complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these. The hybridization reaction may constitute a step in a broader process, such as the initiation of PCR, or the cleavage of a polynucleotide by an enzyme. Sequences that are capable of hybridizing to a given sequence are referred to as "complements" of the given sequence.

As used herein, the term "expression" refers to the process by which a polynucleotide is transcribed from a DNA template (e.g., into mRNA or other RNA transcript) and/or the process by which transcribed mRNA is subsequently translated into a peptide, polypeptide, or protein. The transcripts and encoded polypeptides may be collectively referred to as "gene products". If the polynucleotide is derived from genomic DNA, expression may include splicing of mRNA in eukaryotic cells.

As used herein, the term "linker" refers to a linear polypeptide formed from a plurality of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds. The linker of the present invention may be an artificially synthesized amino acid sequence, or a naturally occurring polypeptide sequence, such as a polypeptide having a hinge region function. Such linker polypeptides are well known in the art (see, e.g., Holliger, P. et al (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-.

As used herein, the term "treating" refers to treating or curing a disorder, delaying the onset of symptoms of a disorder, and/or delaying the development of a disorder.

As used herein, the term "subject" includes, but is not limited to, various animals, e.g., mammals, such as bovines, equines, ovines, porcines, canines, felines, lagomorphs, rodents (e.g., mice or rats), non-human primates (e.g., rhesus monkey or cynomolgus monkey), or humans. In certain embodiments, the subject (e.g., human) has a disorder (e.g., a disorder resulting from a deficiency in a disease-associated gene).

Advantageous effects of the invention

Compared to the prior art, the Cas protein and the system of the present invention have significant advantages. For example, the Cas effector protein molecules of the present invention are smaller in size than Cas9, C2C1, CasY, and Cpf1 proteins, and thus transfection efficiency is superior to Cas9, C2C1, CasY, and Cpf1 proteins. For example, the Cas effector protein of the present invention can perform DNA cleavage in eukaryotes, and the cleavage activity of the Cas protein of the present invention in human cell lines is significantly stronger than that of FnCpf1, which has been reported to have a PAM domain of 5' -TTN. For example, the Cas protein of the present invention has a more stringent PAM recognition approach, which can reduce off-target effects.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various objects and advantageous aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

Sequence information

Information on the partial sequences to which the present invention relates is provided in table 1 below.

Table 1: description of the sequences

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it.

Unless otherwise indicated, the experiments and procedures described in the examples were performed essentially according to conventional methods well known in the art and described in various references. For example, conventional techniques in immunology, biochemistry, chemistry, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology, genomics, and recombinant DNA used in the present invention can be found in Sambrook (Sambrook), friesch (Fritsch), and manitis (manitis), molecular cloning: a LABORATORY Manual (Molecular CLONING: A Laboratory Manual), 2 nd edition (1989); a Current Manual of MOLECULAR BIOLOGY experiments (Current PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIOLOGY) (edited by F.M. Otsubel et al, (1987)); METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY (METHODS IN Enzymology) series (academic Press): PCR 2: practical methods (PCR 2: A PRACTICAL APPROACH) (m.j. macpherson, b.d. heims (b.d. hames) and g.r. taylor (g.r. taylor) editions (1995)), Harlow (Harlow) and la nei (Lane) editions (1988) antibodies: a LABORATORY Manual (ANTIBODIES, A LABORATORY MANUAL), and animal cell CULTURE (ANIMAL CELL CURTURE) (edited by R.I. Freyrnib (R.I. Freshney) (1987)).

In addition, those whose specific conditions are not specified in the examples are conducted under the conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available. The examples are given by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed. All publications and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The following examples refer to the following sources of partial reagents:

LB liquid medium: 10g Tryptone (Tryptone), 5g Yeast Extract (Yeast Extract), 10g NaCl, constant volume to 1L, and sterilizing. If antibiotics are required, the medium is cooled and added to a final concentration of 50. mu.g/ml.

Chloroform/isoamyl alcohol: 240ml of chloroform was added to 10ml of isoamyl alcohol and mixed well.

RNP buffer: 100mM sodium chloride, 50mM Tris-HCl, 10mM MgCl₂，100μg/ml BSA，pH 7.9。

Prokaryotic expression vectors pACYC-Duet-1 and pUC19 were purchased from Beijing Quanjin Biotechnology Ltd.

Coli competent EC100 was purchased from Epicentre.

Example 1 acquisition of Cas12L Gene and Cas12L guide RNA

1. CRISPR and gene annotation: all proteins were obtained by gene annotation of the microbial and metagenomic data of NCBI and JGI databases using Prodigal, while the CRISPR locus was annotated with Piler-CR, parameters being default parameters.

2. And (3) filtering the protein: the annotated protein is de-redundant by sequence identity, the protein with completely identical sequence is removed, and the protein with the length of more than 800 amino acids is divided into macromolecular proteins. Since all second class CRISPR/Cas systems found to date have effector proteins greater than 900 amino acids in length, we only considered macromolecular proteins when mining CRISPR effector proteins in order to reduce computational complexity.

3. Obtaining of CRISPR-associated macromolecular protein: each CRISPR locus was extended upstream and downstream by 10Kb and non-redundant macromolecular proteins within the CRISPR-proximal interval were identified.

4. Clustering of CRISPR-associated macromolecular proteins: carrying out internal pairwise comparison on the non-redundant macromolecule CRISPR related proteins by using BLASTP, and outputting a comparison result of Evalaue < 1E-10. The output of BLASTP was subjected to cluster analysis using MCL, CRISPR-associated protein family.

5. Identification of CRISPR enriched macromolecular protein family: and (3) aligning the proteins of the CRISPR related protein family by using BLASTP to a non-redundant macromolecular protein database with the CRISPR related proteins removed, and outputting the alignment result of Evalue < 1E-10. If a non-CRISPR-associated protein database finds less than 100% homologous proteins, this indicates that the protein of this family is enriched in the CRISPR region, by which we identify the CRISPR-enriched macromolecular protein family.

6. Annotation of protein function and domains: the CRISPR enriched macromolecular protein family was annotated with Pfam database, NR database and Cas protein collected from NCBI, resulting in a new CRISPR/Cas protein family. Multiple sequence alignments were performed on each CRISPR/Cas family protein using Mafft, followed by conserved domain analysis with JPred and HHpred, identifying RuvC domain-containing protein families.

On the basis, the inventor obtains a brand-new Cas effector protein, namely Cas12L, wherein the protein sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1, and the nucleotide sequence of the encoded protein is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2. The prototypical direct repeat sequence (repeat sequence contained in pre-crRNA) corresponding to Cas12L is shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and the mature direct repeat sequence (repeat sequence contained in mature crRNA) corresponding to Cas12L is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.

Example 2 processing of original crRNA by Cas12L Gene

1. The double-stranded DNA molecule shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 is artificially synthesized, and the double-stranded DNA molecule shown in SEQ ID NO. 4 is artificially synthesized.

2. And (3) connecting the double-stranded DNA molecule synthesized in the step (1) with a prokaryotic expression vector pACYC-Duet-1 to obtain a recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas 12L.

The recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L was sequenced. Sequencing results show that the recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L contains sequences shown by SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:4, and expresses a Cas12L protein shown by SEQ ID NO:1 and a prototype direct repeat sequence of Cas12L shown by SEQ ID NO: 3. The recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L is introduced into Escherichia coli EC100 to obtain a recombinant bacterium, and the recombinant bacterium is named as EC100/pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas 12L.

3. A monoclonal antibody of EC100/pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L was inoculated into 100mL LB liquid medium (containing 50. mu.g/mL ampicillin), and cultured at 37 ℃ for 12h with shaking at 200rpm to obtain a culture solution.

4. Extracting bacterial RNA: 1.5mL of the bacterial culture was transferred to a pre-cooled microfuge tube and centrifuged at 6000 Xg for 5 minutes at 4 ℃. After centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded, and the cell pellet was resuspended in 200. mu.L of Max Bacterial Enhancement Reagent preheated to 95 ℃ and mixed by aspiration and homogenization. Incubate at 95 ℃ for 4 minutes. 1mL of the lysate

Reagent and pipette mix well and incubate for 5 minutes at room temperature. 0.2mL of cold chloroform was added, the tube was shaken by hand and mixed for 15 seconds, and incubated at room temperature for 2-3 minutes. Centrifuge at 12,000 Xg for 15 minutes at 4 ℃. mu.L of the supernatant was placed in a new tube, 0.5mL of cold isopropanol was added to precipitate the RNA, the mixture was inverted and mixed, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. Centrifuge at 15,000 Xg for 10 minutes at 4 ℃ and discard the supernatant, add 1mL 75% ethanol, vortex and mix. Centrifuge at 7500 Xg for 5 minutes at 4 ℃ and discard the supernatant and air dry. The RNA pellet was dissolved in 50. mu.L of RNase-free water and incubated at 60 ℃ for 10 minutes.

5. Digestion of DNA: 20ug RNA was dissolved in 39.5. mu.L ddH₂O, 65 ℃ and 5 min. 5min on ice, 0.5. mu.L RNAI, 5. mu.L buffer, 5. mu.L DNaseI, 45min at 37 ℃ (50. mu.L system) was added. Add 50. mu.L ddH₂O, adjust the volume to 100. mu.L. After 2mL Phase-Lock tube16000g was centrifuged for 30s, 100. mu.L phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), 100. mu.L of digested RNA, shaken for 15s, centrifuged at 15 ℃ and 16000g for 12 min. The supernatant was taken into a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube and an equal volume of isopropanol 1/10NaoAC was added to the supernatant and allowed to react for 1h or overnight at-20 ℃. Centrifuge at 16000g for 30min at 4 deg.C, and discard the supernatant. The precipitate was washed with 350. mu.L of 75% ethanol, centrifuged at 16000g for 10min at 4 ℃ and the supernatant was discarded. Air drying, adding 20 μ L RNase-free water, dissolving precipitate at 65 deg.C for 5 min. Concentration was measured by NanoDrop and run.

6. 3 'dephosphorylation and 5' phosphorylation: the digested RNA was added to 20ug of each water to 42.5. mu.L for 2min at 90 ℃. Cooling on ice for 5 min. Add 5. mu.L of 10 XT 4 PNK buffer, 0.5. mu.L of RNAI, 2. mu. L T4 PNK (50. mu.L), 37 ℃ for 6 h. Add 1. mu. L T4 PNK, 1.25. mu.L (100mM) ATP, 37 ℃ for 1 h. Add 47.75. mu.L of ddH₂O, adjust the volume to 100. mu.L. After 2mL Phase-Lock tube16000g was centrifuged for 30s, 100. mu.L phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), 100. mu.L of digested RNA, shaken for 15s, centrifuged at 15 ℃ and 16000g for 12 min. The supernatant was placed in a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube and an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the supernatant for a total volume of 1/10NaoAC for 1h or overnight at-20 ℃. Centrifuge at 16000g for 30min at 4 deg.C, and discard the supernatant. The precipitate was washed with 350. mu.L of 75% ethanol, centrifuged at 16000g for 10min at 4 ℃ and the supernatant was discarded. Air drying, adding 21 μ L RNase-free water, dissolving precipitate at 65 deg.C for 5min, and adding NConcentration was measured by anoDrop.

7. RNA monophosphorylation: 20 μ L of RNA, 1min at 90 ℃ and 5min on ice. mu.L of RNA 5 'Polphoshatase 10 × Reaction buffer, 0.5. mu.L of Inhibitor, 1. mu.L of RNA 5' Polphoshatase (20Units), RNase-free water to 20. mu.L, 60min at 37 ℃ were added. Add 80. mu.L ddH₂O, adjust the volume to 100. mu.L. After 2mL Phase-Lock tube16000g was centrifuged for 30s, 100. mu.L phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), 100. mu.L of digested RNA, shaken for 15s, centrifuged at 15 ℃ and 16000g for 12 min. The supernatant was placed in a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube and an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the supernatant for a total volume of 1/10NaoAC for 1h or overnight at-20 ℃. Centrifuging at 16000g for 30min at 4 deg.C, discarding the supernatant, washing the precipitate with 350 μ L75% ethanol, centrifuging at 16000g for 10min at 4 deg.C, and discarding the supernatant. Air-drying, adding 21 μ L RNase-free water, dissolving the precipitate at 65 deg.C for 5min, and measuring the concentration with NanoDrop.

8. Preparation of cDNA library: 16.5 μ L of RNase-free water; 5. mu.L of Poly (A) Polymerase 10 × Reaction buffer; 5 μ L of 10mM ATP; 1.5 μ L Riboguard RNase Inhibitor; 20 μ L of RNA Substrate. mu.L of Poly (A) Polymerase (4 Units). Total volume of 50. mu.L. 20min at 37 ℃. Add 50. mu.L dH₂O, adjust the volume to 100. mu.L. After 2mL Phase-Lock tube16000g centrifugation for 30s, 100. mu.L phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), 100. mu.L of digested RNA, shaken for 15s, centrifuged at 15 ℃ and 16000g for 12 min. The supernatant was placed in a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube and an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the supernatant for a total volume of 1/10NaoAC for 1h or overnight at-20 ℃. Centrifuging at 16000g for 30min at 4 deg.C, discarding the supernatant, air drying, adding 11 μ L RNase-free water, dissolving the precipitate at 65 deg.C for 5min, and measuring the concentration by NanoDrop.

9. And adding a sequencing joint to the cDNA library, and sending to Beijing Bereokang for sequencing.

10. The raw data was mass filtered to remove sequences with an average quality value of less than 30 bases. After the linker is removed from the sequence, 25nt to 50nt of RNA sequence is retained and aligned to the reference sequence of the CRISPR array using bowtie.

11. By alignment we found that pre-crRNA of Cas12L was successfully processed into mature crRNA in e.coli, which consists of Repeat sequence and guide sequence.

12. Mature crRNA was subjected to structure prediction and visual analysis using Vienna RNA and VARNA, respectively. We found that the 3' end of the Repeat sequence of the crRNA of Cas12L can form a neck loop.

Example 3 identification of PAM Domain of Cas12L Gene

1. Recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L was constructed and sequenced. According to the sequencing result, the structure of the recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L is described as follows: a small fragment between the recognition sequences for the restriction enzymes Pml I and Kpn I of the vector pACYC-Duet-1 was replaced by a double-stranded DNA molecule shown in positions 1 to 2436 from the 5' end in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. The recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L expresses Cas12L protein shown in SEQ ID NO:1, a prototypical direct repeat sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and a guide sequence identified by a PAM domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 11.

2. The recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L contains an expression cassette, and the nucleotide sequence of the expression cassette is shown as SEQ ID NO. 9. In the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 9, the 1 st to 44 th positions from the 5' end are the nucleotide sequence of the pLacZ promoter, the 45 th to 2480 th positions are the nucleotide sequence of the Cas12L gene, and the 2481 th to 2567 th positions are the nucleotide sequence of the terminator (for terminating transcription). The nucleotide sequence of J23119 promoter from position 2568 to position 2602 from the 5' end, the nucleotide sequence of CRISPR array from position 2608 to position 2657 and the nucleotide sequence of rrnB-T1 terminator from position 2663 to position 2684 (for terminating transcription).

3. Obtaining of recombinant escherichia coli: the recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas12L is introduced into Escherichia coli EC100 to obtain recombinant Escherichia coli, which is named as EC100/pACYC-Duet-1+ CRISPR/Cas 12L. The recombinant plasmid pACYC-Duet-1 was introduced into E.coli EC100 to give recombinant E.coli, which was designated EC 100/pACYC-Duet-1.

Construction of PAM library: the sequence shown by SEQ ID NO. 10, which includes eight random bases at the 5' end and a target sequence, was artificially synthesized and ligated to pUC19 vector. 8 random bases are designed in front of the 5' end of the target sequence of the PAM library to construct a plasmid library. The plasmids were transferred into e.coli containing the CRISPR/Cas12L locus and into e.coli not containing the CRISPR/Cas12L locus, respectively. After 1 hour treatment at 37 ℃, we extracted the plasmid and PCR amplified and sequenced the PAM region sequence.

Acquisition of PAM library domains: the combined PAM sequences in the experimental and control groups were counted and normalized by the number of PAM sequences in each group. For any PAM sequence, we considered that this PAM was significantly consumed when log2 (control/experimental set normalized) was greater than 3.5, and we obtained significantly consumed PAM sequences from all PAM sequences. And the significantly consumed PAM sequence is predicted by Weblogo, and the PAM domain of Cas12L is finally obtained.

Validation of the PAM library Domain: through PAM library depletion experiments, we obtained the PAM domain of Cas12L, and to verify the stringency of this domain, we set 10 sets of PAMs for in vivo experiments, and sequenced the editing activity of Cas12L on these PAMs. First, we integrated the target and PAM sequences of 30nt into the plasmid at a non-conserved position of the kana-resistant gene and then mixed cultured with the complex formed by CRSPR/Cas12L and the guide RNA for 8 hours. By plating and counting the number of colonies, we can determine the consumption activity of Cas12L for different PAM sequences. Through experimental results, we can see that the CRISPR/Cas12L system can only effectively edit target sequences with specific PAM domains, and has no editing activity on the remaining target sequences, thereby verifying the accuracy of PAM domain recognition of Cas 12L.

Example 4 identification of DNA cleavage Pattern of CRISPR/Cas12L System

In vitro expression and purification of Cas12L protein

The in vitro expression and purification steps of the Cas12L protein are as follows:

1. the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 is artificially synthesized.

2. And (3) connecting the double-stranded DNA molecule synthesized in the step (1) with a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a (+) to obtain a recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CRISPR/Cas 12L. The recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CRISPR/Cas12L was sequenced. Sequencing results show that the recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CRISPR/Cas12L expresses Cas12L protein with a nuclear localization signal shown as SEQ ID NO. 8.

3. The recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CRISPR/Cas12L is introduced into Escherichia coli EC100 to obtain a recombinant bacterium, and the recombinant bacterium is named as EC100-CRISPR/Cas 12L. A single clone of EC100-CRISPR/Cas12L was picked, inoculated into 100mL LB liquid medium (containing 50. mu.g/mL ampicillin), cultured at 37 ℃ for 12h with shaking at 200rpm, to obtain a culture broth.

4. Inoculating the culture broth into 50mL LB liquid medium (containing 50. mu.g/mL ampicillin) at a volume ratio of 1:100, and performing shaking culture at 37 deg.C and 200rpm to OD_600nmThe value was 0.6, IPTG was added to the cells so that the concentration was 1mM, the cells were cultured with shaking at 28 ℃ and 220rpm for 4 hours, and the cells were centrifuged at 4 ℃ and 10000rpm for 10 minutes to collect cell pellets.

5. Collecting thallus precipitate, adding 100mL Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH of 8.0 and 100mM, carrying out ultrasonication (ultrasonic power 600W, cycle program: crushing for 4s, stopping for 6s, totally 20min), centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 10000rpm for 10min, and collecting supernatant A.

6. Taking the supernatant A, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 12000rpm for 10min, and collecting the supernatant B.

7. The supernatant b was purified using a nickel column manufactured by GE corporation (the specific steps of purification refer to the specifications of the nickel column), and then the Cas12L protein was quantified using a protein quantification kit manufactured by seimer feishel corporation.

Secondly, transcription and purification of the Cas12L protein guide RNA:

1. respectively designing templates for guiding RNA transcription, wherein the transcription templates have the following structures: (1) the T7 promoter + mature direct repeat of Cas12L (SEQ ID NO:5) + guide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13). Primers were designed using Primer5.0 software to ensure that Forward primer and Reward primer had at least 18bp overlapping sequences.

2. Preparing a reaction system, gently blowing, uniformly mixing, centrifuging for a short time, and slowly annealing in a PCR instrument, wherein the PCR system is as follows:

3. purification of the template was performed using the MinElute PCR purification Kit, as follows:

1) adding PB with 5 times volume into the PCR product, placing a MinElute column on a 2ml collecting tube, and standing at room temperature for 2min, 12000g/2 min;

2) discarding the waste liquid, adding 750 μ l Buffer PE (adding ethanol before use), 12000g/2 min;

3) discarding the waste liquid, adding 350 μ l Buffer PE at 12000g/2min, discarding the waste liquid at 12000g, and separating for 2 min;

4) changing the MinElute column to a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube, opening the cap, and standing at 65 ℃ for 2 min;

5) adding 20 μ l preheated EB solution, standing for 2min, 12000g/2min, and passing the contents of the centrifuge tube through MinElute spin column for 2-3 times to improve recovery rate;

6) the concentration was measured by Nanodrop and frozen at-20 ℃ for use.

4. Purification of guide RNA: phenol: chloroform: extracting isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) to remove DNAseI in the system;

1) to the post-transcriptional reaction was added 80. mu.l of RNA free H₂O, adjusting the volume to 100 mu l;

2) 2ml of Phase Lock Gel (PLG) Heavy, 15000g, was removed, centrifuged for 2min, and 100. mu.l phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), 100. mu.l DNAseI digested RNA, gently flicking Phase-Lock tube by hand 5-10 times to mix them evenly, then centrifuging at 15 ℃/16000g for 12 min;

3) taking a new 1.5ml centrifuge tube of RNA-free, sucking the supernatant obtained by the centrifugation in the previous step out of the centrifuge tube, taking out the supernatant without sucking gel, adding isopropanol with the same volume as the supernatant and sodium acetate solution with one-tenth volume, sucking and uniformly mixing the mixture by using a gun head, and then putting the mixture into a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for 1h or standing overnight;

4) centrifuging for 30min at 4 deg.C/16000 g, removing supernatant, adding 75% precooled ethanol, sucking precipitate, mixing well, centrifuging for 12min at 4 deg.C/16000 g, removing supernatant, standing in fume hood for 2-3min, air drying ethanol on RNA surface, adding 100 μ l RNA free H₂O, sucking, beating and mixing uniformly。

5. The purified crRNA concentration is determined by Nanodrop, and is uniformly diluted to 250 ng/mu l, and is subpackaged into 200 mu l PCR centrifuge tubes, and is frozen and stored at-80 ℃ for later use.

6. Establishment of a double-stranded DNA enzyme digestion system:

(1) the following reaction system is prepared, and the mixture is gently blown, uniformly mixed and then centrifuged for a short time. Standing at 37 deg.C for 15 min; the DNA cleavage reaction system is shown below:

(2) add 300ng substrate DNA (100 ng/. mu.l), 3. mu.L, gently blow and mix well and then centrifuge briefly. Standing at 37 deg.C for 8 hours;

(3) adding RNAse, and placing at 37 deg.C for 15min to fully digest RNA impurities in the system;

(4) adding protease K, standing at 58 ℃ for 15min, and digesting the Cas12L protein;

(5) and (5) agarose gel running detection.

Running fruit shows that Cas12L is able to cleave double-stranded DNA efficiently.

Example 5 cleavage of Cas12L in human cell lines

Eukaryotic expression vectors containing Cas12L gene and PCR products containing U6 promoter and guide RNA (containing proto-type direct repeat sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and eukaryotic edited guide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12) were transferred into human HEK293T cells by lipofection and cultured at 37 ℃ for 72h at 5% carbon dioxide concentration. Extracting DNA of all cells, amplifying a sequence containing a target site 700bp, connecting a PCR product with a B-simple vector to perform first-generation sequencing, completing sequencing by a Sammerfo company, comparing a sequencing result with a VEGFA gene of a human genome, identifying a cutting mode of Cas12L on the target site, identifying the editing efficiency of the PCR product on VEGFA, constructing a second-generation sequencing library of the PCR product through Tn5, completing sequencing by Beijing Annuo Youda gene technology company Limited, and identifying the editing efficiency of Cas12L on VEGFA. Also, cleavage of the DNMT1 gene by Cas12L was identified.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that: various modifications and changes in detail can be made in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure, and such changes are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. A full appreciation of the invention is gained by taking the entire specification as a whole in the light of the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an orthologue (orthologue), homolog, variant or functional fragment thereof; wherein the ortholog, homologue, variant or functional fragment substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived;

for example, the ortholog, homolog, variant has at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity compared to the sequence from which it is derived;

for example, the orthologs, homologs, variants have substantial identity to SEQ ID NO:1 has at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity compared to the sequence from which it is derived and substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived;

for example, the protein is an effector protein in a CRISPR/Cas system.

2. The protein of claim 1, comprising or consisting of a sequence selected from:

(i) SEQ ID NO: 1;

(iii) And SEQ ID NO:1, having a sequence identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%;

for example, the protein has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

3. A conjugate comprising the protein of claim 1 or 2 and a modifying moiety;

for example, the modifying moiety is selected from the group consisting of an additional protein or polypeptide, a detectable label, and any combination thereof;

for example, the modification moiety is attached to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein, optionally via a linker;

for example, the modification moiety is fused to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein;

for example, the additional protein or polypeptide is selected from an epitope tag, a reporter sequence, a Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) sequence, a targeting moiety, a transcription activation domain (e.g., VP64), a transcription repression domain (e.g., KRAB domain or SID domain), a nuclease domain (e.g., Fok1), a domain having an activity selected from: nucleotide deaminase, methylase activity, demethylase, transcriptional activation activity, transcriptional repression activity, transcriptional release factor activity, histone modification activity, nuclease activity, single-stranded RNA cleavage activity, double-stranded RNA cleavage activity, single-stranded DNA cleavage activity, double-stranded DNA cleavage activity and nucleic acid binding activity; and any combination thereof;

for example, the conjugate comprises an epitope tag;

for example, the conjugate comprises an NLS sequence;

for example, the NLS sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO. 7;

for example, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near a terminus of the protein (e.g., N-terminus or C-terminus).

4. A fusion protein comprising the protein of claim 1 or 2 and an additional protein or polypeptide;

for example, the additional protein or polypeptide is linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein, optionally via a linker;

for example, the fusion protein comprises an epitope tag;

for example, the fusion protein comprises an NLS sequence;

for example, the NLS sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO. 7;

for example, the NLS sequence is located at, near, or near a terminus of the protein (e.g., N-terminus or C-terminus);

for example, the fusion protein has an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 8.

5. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising, or consisting of, a sequence selected from the group consisting of:

(i) SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO: 6;

(ii) and SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO: 6 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 base substitutions, deletions, or additions) compared to the sequence of (i) a single nucleotide or a plurality of nucleotides;

(iii) and SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO: 6, having a sequence identity of at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%;

(v) (iv) the complement of the sequence set forth in any one of (i) - (iii);

and the sequence of any one of (ii) - (v) substantially retains the biological function of the sequence from which it is derived;

for example, the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more stem loops or optimized secondary structures;

for example, the sequence of any of (ii) - (v) retains the secondary structure of the sequence from which it is derived;

for example, the nucleic acid molecule comprises or consists of a sequence selected from the group consisting of:

(a) SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO: 6;

(c) A complement of the sequence described in (a);

for example, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is RNA;

for example, the isolated nucleic acid molecule is a direct repeat in a CRISPR/Cas system.

6. A composite, comprising:

(i) a protein component selected from: the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, and any combination thereof; and

(ii) a nucleic acid component comprising in the 5 'to 3' direction the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5 and a targeting sequence capable of hybridizing to a target sequence,

wherein the protein component and the nucleic acid component are bound to each other to form a complex;

for example, the targeting sequence is linked to the 3' end of the nucleic acid molecule;

for example, the targeting sequence comprises a complement of the target sequence;

for example, the nucleic acid component is a guide RNA in a CRISPR/Cas system;

for example, the nucleic acid molecule is RNA;

for example, the complex does not comprise trans-acting crrna (tracrrna);

preferably, the complex is targeted to a third component which is a double-stranded polynucleotide comprising a target sequence adjacent to a motif sequence recognized by the protein component;

preferably, the target sequence is located 3' to the motif sequence.

7. The complex of claim 6, comprising:

(i) a protein component selected from: the protein of claim 1 or claim 2, a conjugate or fusion protein comprising the protein; and

(ii) a nucleic acid composition comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5 and the targeting sequence.

8. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising:

(i) a nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of claim 1 or claim 2, or the fusion protein of claim 4;

(ii) a nucleotide sequence encoding the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

(iii) (iii) a nucleotide sequence comprising (i) and (ii);

for example, the nucleotide sequence described in any of (i) - (iii) is codon optimized for expression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

9. A vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8.

10. A host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 or the vector of claim 9.

11. A composition, comprising:

(i) a first component selected from: the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, a nucleotide sequence encoding the protein or fusion protein, and any combination thereof; and

(ii) the guide RNA is capable of forming a complex with the protein, conjugate or fusion protein described in (i);

for example, the direct repeat sequence is the isolated nucleic acid molecule defined in claim 5;

for example, the targeting sequence is linked to the 3' end of the direct repeat sequence;

for example, the composition does not comprise trans-acting crrna (tracrrna);

for example, the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified;

for example, at least one component of the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified;

for example, the first component is non-naturally occurring or modified; and/or, the second component is non-naturally occurring or modified.

12. A composition comprising one or more carriers comprising:

(i) a first nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of claim 1 or 2 or the fusion protein of claim 4; optionally the first nucleic acid is operably linked to a first regulatory element; and

wherein:

(ii) the guide RNA is capable of forming a complex with the effector protein or fusion protein of (i);

for example, the composition does not comprise trans-acting crrna (tracrrna);

for example, the composition is non-naturally occurring or modified;

for example, the first regulatory element is a promoter, e.g., an inducible promoter;

for example, the second regulatory element is a promoter, such as an inducible promoter.

13. The composition of claim 11 or 12, wherein, when the target sequence is DNA, the target sequence is located 3' of the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM), wherein the target RNA sequence does not have PAM domain restriction.

14. The composition of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the target sequence is a DNA or RNA sequence from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell; alternatively, the target sequence is a non-naturally occurring DNA or RNA sequence.

15. The composition of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the target sequence is present in a cell;

for example, the target sequence is present in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm (e.g., organelle);

for example, the cell is a eukaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is a prokaryotic cell.

16. The composition of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the protein has one or more NLS sequences attached thereto, or the conjugate or fusion protein comprises one or more NLS sequences;

for example, the NLS sequence is linked to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein;

for example, the NLS sequence is fused to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein.

17. A kit comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of: the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, the complex of claim 6 or 7, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, the vector of claim 9, the host cell of claim 10, the composition of any one of claims 11-16;

for example, the kit comprises the composition of claim 11, and instructions for using the composition;

for example, the kit comprises the composition of claim 12, and instructions for using the composition.

18. A delivery composition comprising a delivery vehicle and one or more selected from the group consisting of: the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, the complex of claim 6 or 7, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, the vector of claim 9, the host cell of claim 10, the composition of any one of claims 11-16;

for example, the delivery vehicle is a particle;

for example, the delivery vector is selected from a lipid particle, a sugar particle, a metal particle, a protein particle, a liposome, an exosome, a microvesicle, a gene gun, or a viral vector (e.g., a replication-defective retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus).

19. A method of modifying a target gene comprising: contacting the complex of claim 6 or 7 or the composition of any one of claims 11-16 with the target gene, or delivering into a cell comprising the target gene; the target sequence is present in the target gene;

for example, the target gene is present in a cell;

for example, the cell is a prokaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is a eukaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is selected from (e.g., mammalian cell, e.g., human cell), plant cell;

for example, the target gene is present in a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a plasmid) in vitro;

for example, the method results in a target sequence break, such as a DNA double strand break or an RNA single strand break;

for example, the method further comprises inserting an exogenous nucleic acid into the break.

20. A method of altering the expression of a gene product comprising: contacting the complex of claim 6 or 7 or the composition of any one of claims 11-16 with, or delivering into, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene product, in which the target sequence is present;

for example, the nucleic acid molecule is present within a cell;

for example, the cell is a prokaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is a eukaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is selected from an animal cell (e.g., a mammalian cell, such as a human cell), a plant cell;

for example, the nucleic acid molecule is present in a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., a plasmid) in vitro;

for example, the expression of the gene product is altered (e.g., enhanced or decreased);

for example, the gene product is a protein.

21. The method of any one of claims 18-20, wherein the protein, conjugate, fusion protein, isolated nucleic acid molecule, complex, vector or composition is comprised in a delivery vehicle;

for example, the delivery vector is selected from the group consisting of a lipid particle, a sugar particle, a metal particle, a protein particle, a liposome, an exosome, a viral vector (such as a replication-defective retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus).

22. The method of any one of claims 18-21, which is used to modify a cell, cell line or organism by altering one or more target sequences in a target gene or nucleic acid molecule encoding a target gene product.

23. A cell or progeny thereof obtained by the method of any of claims 18-22, wherein the cell comprises a modification not present in its wild type.

24. A cell product of the cell of claim 23 or progeny thereof.

25. An in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo cell or cell line or progeny thereof comprising: the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, the complex of claim 6 or 7, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, the vector of claim 9, the composition of any one of claims 11-16;

for example, the cell is a eukaryotic cell;

for example, the cell is an animal cell (e.g., a mammalian cell, such as a human cell) or a plant cell;

for example, the cell is a stem cell or stem cell line.

26. The protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, the complex of claim 6 or 7, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, the vector of claim 9, the composition of any one of claims 11-16, or the kit of claim 18, for use in nucleic acid editing (e.g., gene or genome editing);

for example, the gene or genome editing comprises modifying a gene, knocking out a gene, altering expression of a gene product, repairing a mutation, and/or inserting a polynucleotide.

27. Use of the protein of claim 1 or 2, the conjugate of claim 3, the fusion protein of claim 4, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, the complex of claim 6 or 7, the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, the vector of claim 9, the composition of any one of claims 11-16, or the kit of claim 17, in the manufacture of a formulation for:

(i) ex vivo gene or genome editing;

(ii) detecting isolated single-stranded DNA;