CN113929522A - Mine restoration base material and method for restoring mine pollution by using same - Google Patents
Mine restoration base material and method for restoring mine pollution by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113929522A CN113929522A CN202111068377.7A CN202111068377A CN113929522A CN 113929522 A CN113929522 A CN 113929522A CN 202111068377 A CN202111068377 A CN 202111068377A CN 113929522 A CN113929522 A CN 113929522A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000284012 Vetiveria zizanioides Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001249117 Bacillus mojavensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 mine tailings Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000187664 Nerium oleander Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000893864 Nerium Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001268782 Paspalum dilatatum Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010811 mineral waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a mine restoration base material and a method for restoring mine pollution by using the same. 100 parts of bottom mud, 5-10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of microbial agent, 8-10 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20-25 parts of clay mineral, 2-5 parts of nutritional supplement, 20-25 parts of mine tailings and 20-25 parts of soil. The raw materials of the invention mainly comprise bottom mud of river channels and lakes, the microbial inoculum and the modified biomass charcoal are main materials of the restoration technology, the raw materials of the bottom mud are sufficient and easy to obtain, the production cost of the restoration base material is greatly reduced, and the problem of bottom mud treatment is successfully solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a mine restoration base material and a method for restoring mine pollution by using the same.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, more and more heavy metal pollutants enter soil, according to the national soil pollution condition survey bulletin issued by the ministry of environmental protection and the ministry of national soil resources, heavy metal pollution is the main pollutant of soil, especially the exceeding rate of cadmium point of heavy metal reaches 7.0%, and the remediation of heavy metal pollution has become a global concern topic.
China is one of the countries with the longest history of developing and utilizing mineral resources in the world, and a large amount of waste of land resources is caused for a long time due to over-development and unreasonable utilization of the mineral resources, the over-exploitation of mines has great damage to the soil around the mines, the stacking of the mineral wastes has certain influence on surrounding residents, and under natural conditions, the waste minerals are washed by rainwater, and harmful substances such as heavy metal ions and the like can permeate into underground water to cause certain harm to drinking water of the surrounding residents.
In the prior art, the mine soil restoration technology mainly adopts a mode of combining a soil matrix construction technology and a vegetation planting technology, the soil matrix construction technology is to cover soil on the surface of a mine, so that a soil matrix which is easy for plant growth is formed on the surface of mine soil, but the following defects exist: firstly, due to the limitation of water and fertilizer retention performance of a soil matrix on the surface of mine soil, under the environment condition of drought or large rainfall, water and nutrients in the soil are easy to run off, so that the growth of vegetation is inhibited and even the vegetation dies; secondly, the existing soil matrix has high production cost, is not suitable for large-area use, has serious heavy metal pollution of mines, is difficult for vegetation to grow, and can not be recycled for a plurality of mine repairing materials, thereby causing secondary pollution to the mines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides a mine repairing base material and a method for repairing mine pollution by using the same, which can effectively solve the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention capability, high production cost and unsuitability for large-area use of the existing repairing material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a mine repairing base material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bottom mud, 5-10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of microbial agent, 8-10 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20-25 parts of clay mineral, 2-5 parts of nutritional supplement, 20-25 parts of mine tailings and 20-25 parts of soil.
Further, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mojavensis and bacillus pumilus, and the concentration ratio of the microbial agent to the bacillus pumilus is 4-8:3-7:2-7:4-5:9-11:10-20 in sequence.
Further, the clay mineral comprises one or more of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite and calcium carbonate.
Further, the nutritional supplement includes one or more of urea, ammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride.
Furthermore, the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 3-6 meshes.
Furthermore, the particle size of the mine tailings is 2-5 meshes.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for repairing mine pollution by using the mine repairing base material, which comprises the following steps: step 1: adding expanded vermiculite, a microbial agent, modified biomass charcoal, clay minerals, mine tailings, soil and a nutritional supplement into the bottom mud according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to prepare a mine repairing base material; step 2: paving the prepared mine repairing base material on the surface of a waste mine, wherein the paving thickness is 20-32 cm; and step 3: and (3) transplanting or planting plants on the surface of the mine paved with the repairing base material in the step (2), so that the repairing of the mine pollution can be completed.
Further, the plants in step 3 include oleander, vetiver and white-happiness.
The mine repairing base material and the method for repairing mine pollution provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the raw materials of the invention mainly comprise bottom mud of river channels and lakes, the microbial inoculum and the modified biomass charcoal are main materials of the restoration technology, the raw materials of the bottom mud are sufficient and easy to obtain, the production cost of the restoration base material is greatly reduced, and the problem of bottom mud treatment is successfully solved.
2. The modified biomass charcoal is added into the mine repairing base material provided by the invention, and the porosity and surface characteristics of the modified biomass charcoal can provide good habitat and nutrients for the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms, so that the abundance of the microorganisms is increased.
3. The mine repairing base material provided by the invention is also added with clay minerals and a nutritional supplement, and other components are adhered by using an adhesive substance, so that the stability of the repairing base material is improved, and the repairing base material is prevented from losing; the nutritional supplement is added to provide sufficient nutrition for the base material for repairing so as to meet the growth requirement of plants and accelerate the growth effect of the plants.
4. The base material for repairing provided by the invention is also added with a microbial agent, mine tailings and general soil, the microbial agent provides a necessary microbial environment for plant growth, the mine tailings can enable the base material for repairing to be better adapted to the environment of abandoned mines, the ratio of each component can be adjusted, the general soil can provide a part of necessary elements for plant growth, and better conditions are provided for plant growth.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a mine restoration base material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bottom mud, 5-10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of microbial agent, 8-10 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20-25 parts of clay mineral, 2-5 parts of nutritional supplement, 20-25 parts of mine tailings and 20-25 parts of soil.
Specifically, the mine restoration base material provided by the embodiment of the invention is mainly used for restoring mine pollution, improving the coverage rate of mine vegetation and achieving the purpose of mine treatment. The sediment in the raw materials is sediment in riverways and lakes, the water content of the sediment is 50-60%, the sediment has the characteristics of large specific surface area and multiple active functional groups, and contains a large amount of nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace element components and abundant microorganisms; compared with the conventional biochar, the modified biochar in the raw materials has the advantages that the number of surface functional groups and the specific surface area are increased, the modified biochar is generally alkaline, has the characteristics of a porous structure, large specific surface area, many surface active sites and the like, can adjust the pH value of soil, has strong heavy metal adsorption affinity, can capture soluble heavy metals through hydroxyl, carboxyl and phenolic groups rich on the surface, pi electron enrichment domains on an aromatic structure and other organic functional groups, so that the migration rate and the bioavailability are reduced, the porosity and the surface characteristics of the modified biochar can provide good habitat and nutrients for the growth and the propagation of soil microorganisms, and the abundance of the microorganisms is increased, so that the addition of the modified biochar can change the soil property, the activity of the soil enzymes and the structure of microbial communities.
Further, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mojavensis and bacillus pumilus, and the concentration ratio of the microbial agent to the bacillus pumilus is 4-8:3-7:2-7:4-5:9-11:10-20 in sequence. The microbial agent is a combination of various floras, mainly comprises aerobic microorganisms, a small amount of facultative anaerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms, has the effects of directly or indirectly improving soil, recovering land fertility, preventing soil-borne diseases, maintaining rhizosphere microbial community balance, degrading toxic substances and the like, and can improve the yield of agricultural products, improve the quality of the agricultural products, reduce cost, improve soil and protect ecological environment by proper use of the microbial agent.
Further, the clay mineral comprises one or more of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite and calcium carbonate. The clay mineral has certain water absorbability and tackiness, is used for adsorbing and repairing free nutrient substances in the matrix and water in the bottom mud, avoids loss of the nutrient substances and the water, achieves the effect of nutrient slow release, and continuously provides nutrients and water for plant growth; and the clay mineral has certain viscosity after absorbing water and is used for adhering substances such as bottom mud, modified biomass charcoal, expanded vermiculite and the like, so that the repairing base material is kept complete, the loss of the repairing base material is reduced, and the clay mineral can also be used as an odor dispersing agent to absorb odor emitted from the bottom mud. In the embodiment of the invention, the clay mineral is preferably a mixture of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite and calcium carbonate, wherein the weight ratio of the clay, the montmorillonite, the bentonite and the calcium carbonate is 1-4:1-3:1-4: 1-3.
Further, the nutritional supplement includes one or more of urea, ammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride. The nutritional supplement can supplement nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the repair matrix, so that the repair matrix is full of nutrients and convenient for plant growth and development. In embodiments of the invention, the nutritional supplement is preferably a mixture of ammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate is 1-3:1-4: 2-5.
Furthermore, the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 3-6 meshes. The expanded vermiculite has unique structural characteristics and surface properties, is non-toxic and sterile, has good cation exchange property, adsorptivity and heat insulation property, can be used for improving the structure of bottom mud by adding the expanded vermiculite into the bottom mud, improves the water storage and moisture retention performance of the formed restoration matrix, and improves the air permeability and the water content of the restoration base material. However, since the expanded vermiculite is fragile and tends to become dense with time and lose water retention and air permeability, the water retention and air permeability can be prolonged by using expanded vermiculite having a large particle size.
Furthermore, the particle size of the mine tailings is 2-5 meshes. The addition of the mine tailings can make the base material better adapt to the environment of the abandoned mine, and is more favorable for adjusting the proportion of each component.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for repairing mine pollution by using the mine repairing base material, which comprises the following steps: step 1: adding expanded vermiculite, a microbial agent, modified biomass charcoal, clay minerals, mine tailings, soil and a nutritional supplement into the bottom mud according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to prepare a mine repairing base material; the preparation method of the mine repairing base material is simple and convenient to operate, and the mixed mine repairing base material has good integrity, water retention property and air permeability and is suitable for growth and development of plants. Step 2: paving the prepared mine repairing base material on the surface of a waste mine, wherein the paving thickness is 20-32 cm; and step 3: and (3) transplanting or planting plants on the surface of the mine paved with the repairing base material in the step (2), so that the repairing of the mine pollution can be completed.
Further, the plants in step 3 include oleander, vetiver and white-happiness. The method for repairing mine pollution is convenient to operate, the mine repairing base material is only paved on the surface of a mine, plants growing rapidly such as oleander, vetiver grass and paspalum natatum are transplanted or planted on the repairing base material, the plants can fully grow, fix and survive on the surface of the repairing base material, and the coverage rate of the surface of the mine is greatly improved.
The mine repair matrix and the method for repairing mine pollution provided by the invention are specifically described by combining the following specific examples:
example 1
In one embodiment provided by the invention, the mine repair base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bottom mud, 10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15 parts of microbial agent, 8 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20 parts of clay mineral, 3 parts of nutritional supplement, 20 parts of mine tailings and 20 parts of soil, wherein the water content of the bottom mud is 50%, the clay mineral is a mixture of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite and calcium carbonate, and the mass ratio of the clay, the montmorillonite, the bentonite and the calcium carbonate is 1:2:3: 1; the nutritional supplement is a mixture of ammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate to the urea to the potassium sulfate is 2:1: 4; the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 3 meshes, the particle size of the modified biomass charcoal is 20 meshes, and the particle size of the mine tailings is 3 meshes.
Example 2
In another embodiment provided by the invention, the mine repair base material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bottom mud, 8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 18 parts of microbial agent, 10 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20 parts of clay mineral, 3 parts of nutritional supplement, 22 parts of mine tailings and 22 parts of soil, wherein the water content of the bottom mud is 60%, the clay mineral is a mixture of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite and calcium carbonate, and the mass ratio of the clay, the montmorillonite, the bentonite and the calcium carbonate is 1:3:4: 2; the nutritional supplement is a mixture of ammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate to the urea to the potassium sulfate is 2:2: 3; the particle size of the expanded vermiculite is 6 meshes, the particle size of the modified biomass charcoal is 40 meshes, and the particle size of the mine tailings is 3 meshes.
Comparative example
Dividing an area on a waste mine, averagely dividing the area into 3 small blocks, keeping the current situation in the third area, respectively paving the mine restoration base materials prepared in the first area and the second area on the land, wherein the paving thickness is 20 cm, planting vetiver grass on the paved restoration base materials in the same mode, pouring equal amount of water on each land every 7 days, observing the water retention condition, the loss condition and the growth condition of the vetiver grass after one month, and obtaining the specific results shown in the following table.
| Land area | Growth of vetiver grass |
| First number area | The vetiver grass grows vigorously without the phenomena of dry leaves and yellowing,developed root system |
| Region II | The vetiver grass grows vigorously without the phenomena of dry leaves and yellowing, and the root system is developed |
| Region III | The vetiver grass grows sparsely, the phenomena of withered leaves and yellowing occur, and the root system is sparse |
By comparison, it is obvious that the mine area using the mine repairing base material provided by the embodiment of the invention is more suitable for plant growth, and the mine pollution repairing effect is better.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The mine restoration base material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of bottom mud, 5-10 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of microbial agent, 8-10 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 20-25 parts of clay mineral, 2-5 parts of nutritional supplement, 20-25 parts of mine tailings and 20-25 parts of soil.
2. The mine restoration base material according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mojavensis and bacillus pumilus in a concentration ratio of 4-8:3-7:2-7:4-5:9-11: 10-20.
3. The mine repair matrix of claim 1, wherein the clay-based mineral comprises one or more of clay, montmorillonite, bentonite, and calcium carbonate.
4. The mine repair matrix of claim 1, wherein the nutritional supplement comprises one or more of urea, ammonium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
5. The mine repair matrix of claim 1, wherein the expanded vermiculite is 3-6 mesh in particle size.
6. The mine repair matrix of claim 1, wherein the mine tailings have a particle size of 2-5 mesh.
7. A method of remediating contaminated mine using the mine remediation matrix of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: adding expanded vermiculite, a microbial agent, modified biomass charcoal, clay minerals, mine tailings, soil and a nutritional supplement into the bottom mud according to the weight part ratio, and uniformly mixing to prepare a mine repairing base material;
step 2: paving the prepared mine repairing base material on the surface of a waste mine, wherein the paving thickness is 20-32 cm;
and step 3: and (3) transplanting or planting plants on the surface of the mine paved with the repairing base material in the step (2), so that the repairing of the mine pollution can be completed.
8. The method of remediating mine contamination as recited in claim 7, wherein the plants in step 3 comprise oleander, vetiver, and leucinia.
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