CN113929418B - Aerated concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aerated concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113929418B CN113929418B CN202111245104.5A CN202111245104A CN113929418B CN 113929418 B CN113929418 B CN 113929418B CN 202111245104 A CN202111245104 A CN 202111245104A CN 113929418 B CN113929418 B CN 113929418B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/143—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being phosphogypsum
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
- C04B38/106—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam by adding preformed foams
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/44—Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2023—Resistance against alkali-aggregate reaction
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
Abstract
The application relates to aerated concrete and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of concrete. The preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: step 1) mixing red mud and phosphogypsum, adding water, uniformly mixing, extruding and draining a water-containing mixture, and continuously stirring the residual water-containing red mud and phosphogypsum mixture for later use; step 2) mixing the protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating for hydrolysis, filtering, and stirring the protein foaming filtrate at a high speed for foaming to obtain a composite foaming liquid; step 3) mixing cement, filler and sand with the mixture of the red mud containing water and the phosphogypsum obtained in the step 1) uniformly, and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture; and 4) pouring, curing and forming to obtain the aerated concrete. The aerated concrete prepared by the method is low in dry density, excellent in compressive strength and durability, capable of effectively utilizing the red mud and good in economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete, in particular to aerated concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The red mud is used as a waste byproduct generated by extracting aluminum oxide from bauxite, the red mud yield per year in China is very high, and the red mud is rich in dicalcium silicate, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and other active ingredients, so that the red mud has a certain contribution value to the formation of hydration products of concrete, and the red mud is gradually paid attention to the production and application of the concrete.
However, the alkali content in the red mud is very high, and the hydration reaction in the cement is seriously influenced, so that the utilization of the red mud in the concrete is restricted, the proportion of the red mud in the cement is only about 20%, the utilization rate of the red mud is improved, and the quality of the concrete is maintained at a good level, which is the most concerned problem in the application of the red mud at home and abroad at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the utilization rate of the red mud in the concrete and improve the performance of the concrete containing the red mud, the application provides the aerated concrete and the preparation method thereof.
The aerated concrete and the preparation method thereof adopt the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing aerated concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of aerated concrete comprises the following preparation steps:
step 1) mixing 75-90 parts of red mud and 15-18 parts of phosphogypsum in parts by weight, adding water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:2, uniformly mixing, then extruding and leaching 85-95 parts of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 2-5%, and continuously stirring the residual water-containing red mud and phosphogypsum mixture for later use;
step 2) mixing 30-35 parts of protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2-3h, filtering, and stirring the protein foaming filtrate at a high speed to prepare foam to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 250-270 parts of cement, 50-60 parts of filler and 120-135 parts of sand with the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed and stirred material into a template, and curing and forming to obtain the aerated concrete.
The red mud and the phosphogypsum are mixed with water, so that the alkali with high content in the red mud is neutralized to a certain degree, and the alkali in the red mud is reduced to C in the concrete3S, in addition, the soaked alkaline water is used as an alkali activation component to carry out hydrolysis reaction with the protein foaming powder, so that globular protein in the protein foaming powder is hydrolyzed to form a titanium chain, the peptide chain forms a stable network structure after being mechanically stirred and foamed, and the sludge contained in the water-containing mixture leached from the red mud and the phosphogypsum can be continuously leached out of amorphous sodium aluminosilicate during high-temperature hydrolysis, so that the acid-base property of the hydrolysis process can be maintained, the length of the protein peptide chain obtained by hydrolysis is proper, and the protein peptide chain is favorable for better hydrolysisA stable network structure is formed, so that more air can be filled into the network structure to form dense air bubbles. By adopting the preparation method, when the composite foaming liquid is mixed with the concrete mixture, the fluidity of the red mud in the mixture can be improved, the prepared concrete has the advantages of uniformly distributed closed pores, higher strength and better durability, the red mud is reasonably and effectively utilized, and the cost of the aerated concrete is also reduced.
Preferably, the mixture of the residual hydrous red mud and the phosphogypsum extruded in the step 1) is placed in a stirring kettle at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃ for continuous stirring and standby.
The red mud and the phosphogypsum are stirred and mixed at a certain temperature, so that the alkalinity of the red mud can be further reduced, and the fracture and dissolution of silicon-oxygen bonds and aluminum-oxygen bonds in the red mud are promoted, so that the red mud has better hydration reaction activity in the subsequent process, and the strength performance of concrete is favorably improved.
Preferably, the protein foaming material in the step 2) is firstly ground to have a particle size of 0.5-1mm, and then the ground protein foaming material is mixed with the aqueous mixture for hydrolysis.
The ground protein foaming material can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction with a water-containing mixture drained from the red mud more fully, so that the formation rate of foaming components is improved.
Preferably, the protein foaming material comprises one or more groups of hoof powder, sunflower meal powder and wheat bran powder.
Preferably, the protein foaming material comprises 14-16 parts of hoof powder, 8-10 parts of sunflower meal powder and 8-10 parts of wheat bran powder by weight.
By adopting the hoof and horn powder, the sunflower meal powder and the wheat bran powder as protein foaming materials, the protein foam prepared by foaming has good stability, is not easy to crack after being mixed with concrete mixing materials, so that the aerated concrete has lower dry density, and has the properties of lighter weight, heat preservation, heat insulation and the like.
Preferably, the filling material comprises, by weight, 30-36 parts of fly ash, 12-14 parts of expanded pearl powder and 8-10 parts of ceramic powder.
The fly ash, the expanded pearl powder and the ceramic powder are used as the fillers, so that the hydration activity of the concrete is improved, the absorption of the red mud to water can be reduced after the fly ash, the expanded pearl powder and the ceramic powder are mixed with the red mud, the integral fluidity is enhanced, the concrete mixture can be well and uniformly mixed with the composite foaming liquid, small bubbles in the concrete can be uniformly distributed, and the aerated concrete with better structural strength and lower dry density can be formed.
Preferably, the step 2) further comprises 2.5-3.0 parts by weight of a surfactant and the protein foaming filtrate are mixed together for foaming, wherein the surfactant is one or a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
Preferably, the surfactant comprises 0.7-0.8 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.8-1.0 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate by weight
Sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1.0-1.2 parts of sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
The surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is added to prepare foam together, so that the surface tension of the liquid is reduced, and the foam is more favorably formed.
Preferably, the step 2) further comprises 6.0-6.5 parts by weight of a thickening agent which is one or a combination of more of hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin and casein, and the thickening agent is mixed with the protein foaming filtrate to prepare foam.
Preferably, the thickener comprises 1.8 to 2.0 parts by weight of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2.8 to 3.0 parts by weight of gelatin and 1.4 to 1.5 parts by weight of casein.
By adding the thickening agents of hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin and casein, the foam is made together, so that the thickness of the foam is further improved, the stability of the foam is better, and the porosity in concrete is favorably improved.
Preferably, the filling material is one or a combination of more of fly ash, expanded pearl powder and ceramic powder.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an aerated concrete, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the aerated concrete is prepared by the preparation method of the aerated concrete.
The alkalinity of the red mud is reduced by mixing the phosphogypsum with the red mud, the effective utilization rate of the red mud in concrete is improved, in addition, alkali-containing water drained from the red mud can be used as a hydrolysis excitation component of a protein foaming material, the alkali content of the red mud can be further reduced, the protein foaming material can be subjected to sufficient hydrolysis reaction to form a foaming component capable of being prepared into rich foam, and the aerated concrete has higher compressive strength and lower dry density, so that the aerated concrete has the advantages of light weight, heat insulation, excellent mechanical property, difficult efflorescence, durability and the like.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the red mud and the phosphogypsum are mixed by adding water, and then the water is drained for hydrolysis of the protein foaming material, so that on one hand, the alkali content of the red mud can be reduced, various performances of concrete can be improved, on the other hand, the alkalinity of the red mud is fully utilized as an alkali excitation component of the protein foaming material, and thus, a dense foam component is prepared and uniformly distributed in the concrete, the aerated concrete with light weight, heat insulation, low possibility of efflorescence and strong durability is prepared, the red mud is effectively utilized, and the aerated concrete has good economic value;
2. the fly ash, the expanded pearl powder and the ceramic powder are added into the concrete as the fillers, so that the problems of high water absorptivity and poor fluidity of the red mud are solved, and the red mud and the foam have better compatibility, so that the bubbles in the concrete are distributed more uniformly, the integral structural strength of the concrete is improved, and the dry density of the concrete is reduced;
3. by adding the surfactant and the thickening agent, the protein foaming material forms a soft and dense composite foaming liquid with larger foam amount and more stable foam structure in the foaming process, and the quality of aerated concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
Example 1
A preparation method of aerated concrete is prepared according to a raw material adding table in table 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1) mixing 75kg of red mud and 15kg of phosphogypsum, adding 180kg of water, uniformly mixing, then extruding and draining 85kg of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 4.3%, placing the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum left after extrusion into a stirring kettle, keeping the temperature at 60 +/-2 ℃, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min for later use;
step 2) grinding the protein foaming material to the particle size of 0.5-1mm, mixing 30kg of the ground protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2 hours, filtering while hot to obtain protein foaming filtrate, and stirring the protein foaming filtrate at a high speed of 1200r/min to prepare foam so as to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 250kg of cement, 50kg of filler and 120kg of sand with the mixture of the hydrous red mud and the phosphogypsum in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, standing and curing for 3h at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃, then placing the template into an autoclave, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing autoclaved curing for 12h to obtain the aerated concrete.
Example 2
A preparation method of aerated concrete is prepared according to a raw material adding table in table 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1) mixing 77kg of red mud and 16kg of phosphogypsum, adding 186kg of water, uniformly mixing, then extruding and draining 88kg of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 3.7%, placing the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum left after extrusion into a stirring kettle, keeping the temperature at 60 +/-2 ℃, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min for later use;
step 2) grinding the protein foaming material to the particle size of 0.5-1mm, mixing 32kg of the ground protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2h, filtering while hot to obtain protein foaming filtrate, stirring and cooling the protein foaming filtrate to 40 +/-5 ℃, mixing the protein foaming filtrate with 3kg of surfactant, and stirring at a high speed at a rotating speed of 1200r/min to prepare foam so as to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 255kg of cement, 54kg of filler and 125kg of sand with the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum obtained in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, standing and curing for 3h at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃, then placing the template into an autoclave, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing autoclaved curing for 12h to obtain the aerated concrete.
Example 3
A preparation method of aerated concrete is prepared according to a raw material adding table in table 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1) mixing 82kg of red mud and 18kg of phosphogypsum, adding 200kg of water, uniformly mixing, then extruding and draining 95kg of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 2.2%, placing the mixture of the remained water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum in a stirring kettle, keeping the temperature at 60 +/-2 ℃, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min for later use;
step 2) grinding the protein foaming material to the particle size of 0.5-1mm, mixing 35kg of the ground protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 3h, filtering while hot to obtain protein foaming filtrate, stirring and cooling the protein foaming filtrate to 40 +/-5 ℃, mixing the protein foaming filtrate with 6.5kg of surfactant, and stirring at a high speed at a rotating speed of 1200r/min to prepare foam so as to obtain a composite foaming solution;
step 3) uniformly mixing 270kg of cement, 60kg of filler and 135kg of sand with the mixture of the hydrous red mud and the phosphogypsum in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, standing and curing for 3h at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃, then placing the template into an autoclave, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing autoclaved curing for 12h to obtain the aerated concrete.
Example 4
A preparation method of aerated concrete is prepared according to a raw material adding table in table 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1) mixing 80kg of red mud and 17kg of phosphogypsum, adding 194kg of water, uniformly mixing, then extruding and draining 90kg of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 3.4%, placing the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum left after extrusion in a stirring kettle, keeping the temperature at 60 +/-2 ℃, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min for later use;
step 2) grinding the protein foaming material to a particle size of 0.5-1mm, mixing 33kg of the ground protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2h, filtering while hot to obtain protein foaming filtrate, stirring and cooling the protein foaming filtrate to 40 +/-5 ℃, mixing the protein foaming filtrate with 2.5kg of surfactant and 6.3kg of thickening agent, and stirring at a high speed at a rotating speed of 1200r/min to prepare foam so as to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 258kg of cement, 56kg of filler and 130kg of sand with the mixture of the hydrous red mud and the phosphogypsum in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, placing the template in a still curing environment at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃ for 3 hours, then placing the template in a still kettle, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing the still curing for 12 hours to obtain the aerated concrete.
Example 5
A preparation method of aerated concrete is prepared according to a raw material adding table in table 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1) mixing 78kg of red mud and 16kg of phosphogypsum, adding 188kg of water, uniformly mixing, then extruding and draining 90kg of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 2.8%, placing the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum left after extrusion into a stirring kettle, maintaining the temperature at 60 +/-2 ℃, and continuously stirring at the rotating speed of 45r/min for later use;
step 2) grinding the protein foaming material to a particle size of 0.5-1mm, mixing 33kg of the ground protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2h, filtering while hot to obtain protein foaming filtrate, stirring and cooling the protein foaming filtrate to 40 +/-5 ℃, mixing the protein foaming filtrate with 2.7kg of surfactant and 6kg of thickening agent, and stirring at a high speed of 1200r/min to prepare foam so as to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 260kg of cement, 56kg of filler and 127kg of sand with the mixture of the water-containing red mud and the phosphogypsum obtained in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, standing and curing for 3h at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃, then placing the template into an autoclave, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing autoclaved curing for 12h to obtain the aerated concrete.
TABLE 1 raw material addition Table for examples 1-5
The raw materials are all commercial products. Wherein the red mud is produced from sintering process red mud of certain red mud tailings of Guizhou province after dehydration and grinding treatment.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: the difference from example 1 is that in step 1) of comparative example 1 equal amount of red mud is substituted for phosphogypsum.
Comparative example 2: the difference from example 1 is that the aqueous mixture squeezed out in step 1) of comparative example 2 is discarded and not used, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate having a modulus of 3.3 are weighed in a weight ratio of 6:4 to prepare an aqueous alkali solution having a mass concentration of 8%, and in step 2), the aqueous alkali solution is mixed and hydrolyzed instead of the aqueous mixture and the protein foaming material.
Comparative example 3: the difference from example 1 is that the concrete preparation method of comparative example 3 includes the following steps:
step 1) grinding a protein foaming material to a particle size of 0.5-1mm, weighing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate with a modulus of 3.3 according to a mass ratio of 6:4, preparing 85kg of an alkali water solution with a mass concentration of 8%, mixing 30kg of the ground protein foaming material with the alkali water solution, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2 hours, filtering while hot to obtain a protein foaming filtrate, and stirring the protein foaming filtrate at a high speed of 1200r/min to prepare a composite foaming solution;
step 2) mixing 250kg of cement, 50kg of filler, 120kg of sand, 75kg of red mud, 15kg of phosphogypsum and 95kg of water uniformly, and mixing and stirring with the composite foaming liquid to obtain the concrete mixture
And 3) pouring the mixed stirring material into a template, placing the template in a still curing environment at the temperature of 40 +/-2 ℃ for 3 hours, then placing the template in a still kettle, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, introducing steam, controlling the steam pressure to be between 0.8MPa and 1MPa, controlling the steam temperature to be 160 ℃, and performing the still curing for 12 hours to obtain the aerated concrete.
Performance test
1. And (3) dry density detection: according to the specification of the autoclaved aerated concrete performance test method GB/T11969-2008, the concrete test blocks prepared in the examples 1-5 are used as the experimental samples 1-5, the concrete samples prepared in the comparative examples 1-3 are used as the control samples 1-3, and the dry density (unit: kg/m) of each experimental sample and the control sample is detected3)。
2. And (3) detecting the compressive strength: according to the specification of the autoclaved aerated concrete performance test method GB/T11969-2008, the concrete test blocks prepared in the examples 1-5 are used as the experimental samples 1-5, the concrete samples prepared in the comparative examples 1-3 are used as the control samples 1-3, and the compression strength (unit: MPa) of each experimental sample and the control sample is detected.
3. Detecting the area ratio of efflorescence: the concrete test blocks obtained in examples 1 to 5 were used as experimental samples 1 to 5, and the concrete samples obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 were used as control samples 1 to 3, and each sample was immersed in water for 6 hours, then placed in an environment at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃ and a humidity of 30% for 2 months, and the area of whiskering of each sample was counted to calculate the ratio of the whiskering area to the total area and to calculate the ratio of the whiskering area to the total area, and this was recorded as the whiskering area ratio.
The performance test tests are average values of the test results of 5 groups of parallel samples, and the test results are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance test results
| Sample (I) | Dry density (kg/m)3) | Compressive strength (Mpa) | Efflorescence area ratio (%) |
| Experimental sample 1 | 452 | 3.8 | 1.3 |
| Experimental sample 2 | 437 | 3.7 | 1.7 |
| Experimental sample 3 | 446 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
| Experimental sample 4 | 421 | 4.1 | 0.6 |
| Experimental sample 5 | 424 | 4.2 | 0.7 |
| Control sample 1 | 525 | 2.3 | 25.4 |
| Control sample 2 | 488 | 2.7 | 9.7 |
| Control sample 3 | 532 | 2.0 | 31.0 |
According to the detection results in table 2, the dry densities of the samples 1 to 5 are all at a lower level than those of the control samples 1 to 3, and the experimental samples 1 to 5 all show higher compressive strength and smaller area ratio of saltpetering, which indicates that the aerated concrete prepared by the method of mixing the phosphogypsum and the red mud and performing hydrolysis reaction on the protein foaming material by using the drained water has better quality.
Compared with the experimental sample 1, the comparison sample 1 shows that the addition of the phosphogypsum can effectively reduce the alkali content of the red mud, is beneficial to improving the compressive strength of concrete and reducing the area ratio of efflorescence, and simultaneously can enable the leached aqueous mixture to have proper pH value, so that the protein foaming material is better hydrolyzed to form a foam component. Comparing the test results of the control sample 2 and the test sample 1, it can be seen that the quality of the foam prepared by using the conventional alkali-activator is not as good as that of the foam prepared in example 1, and the dry density of the concrete prepared in the test sample 1 is relatively lower. Compared with the detection results of the experimental sample 1, the detection result of the control sample 3 shows that the red mud and the phosphogypsum are stirred and mixed firstly, so that the utilization effect of active ingredients in the red mud can be improved, the water-containing mixture obtained by mixing and leaching the red mud and the phosphogypsum is fully utilized, the integral alkalinity of the concrete is effectively reduced, and the compressive strength and the durability of the concrete are improved.
In addition, the dry densities of the experimental samples 2 and 3 are lower than that of the experimental sample 1, which shows that the addition of the surfactant is beneficial to the formation of more foam amount of the protein foaming material, the addition of the thickener is beneficial to the improvement of the foam stability, and the experimental sample 4 has higher compressive strength and lower saltpetering area ratio than the experimental samples 2 and 3, which shows that the joint use of the surfactant and the thickener can lead Al in some water-containing mixtures to be coated and adhered in the prepared foam interface2O3、SiO2And the like, thereby being beneficial to enabling the concrete at the foam interface to quickly form a hydration product to stabilize the pore structure, being capable of better closing pore channels and reducing the condition of efflorescence.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the aerated concrete is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
step 1) mixing 75-90 parts of red mud and 15-18 parts of phosphogypsum in parts by weight, adding water in a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:2, uniformly mixing, then extruding and leaching 85-95 parts of water-containing mixture, wherein the solid content of the water-containing mixture is 2-5%, and continuously stirring the residual water-containing red mud and phosphogypsum mixture for later use;
step 2) mixing 30-35 parts of protein foaming material with the water-containing mixture drained in the step 1), putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating to 100 +/-5 ℃, hydrolyzing for 2-3h, filtering, and stirring the protein foaming filtrate at a high speed to prepare foam to obtain a composite foaming liquid;
step 3) uniformly mixing 250-270 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 50-60 parts of filler and 120-135 parts of sand with the mixture of the hydrous red mud and the phosphogypsum in the step 1), and then mixing and stirring the mixture with the composite foaming liquid to obtain a concrete mixture;
and 4) pouring the mixed and stirred material into a template, and curing and forming to obtain the aerated concrete.
2. The preparation method of aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of the remaining red mud with water and phosphogypsum after the extrusion in step 1) is placed in a stirring kettle at a temperature of 60 ± 2 ℃ for continuous stirring and standby.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein foaming material in step 2) is ground to a particle size of 0.5-1mm, and then the ground protein foaming material is mixed with the aqueous mixture for hydrolysis.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the protein foaming material comprises one or more of hoof powder, sunflower meal powder, and wheat bran powder.
5. The method for preparing aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the filler is one or a combination of more of fly ash, expanded pearl powder and ceramic powder.
6. The method for preparing aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises mixing 2.5-3.0 parts by weight of a surfactant with the protein foaming filtrate to prepare foam, wherein the surfactant is one or a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
7. The method for preparing aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein 6.0-6.5 parts by weight of thickener which is one or more of hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin and casein are mixed with the protein foaming filtrate to prepare foam in the step 2).
8. An aerated concrete produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN115650621B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-08-22 | 四川交通职业技术学院 | Composite active admixture for building material, preparation method of composite active admixture and building material |
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