CN113927192A - Welding method of large-size titanium alloy pipeline - Google Patents
Welding method of large-size titanium alloy pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN113927192A CN113927192A CN202111268369.7A CN202111268369A CN113927192A CN 113927192 A CN113927192 A CN 113927192A CN 202111268369 A CN202111268369 A CN 202111268369A CN 113927192 A CN113927192 A CN 113927192A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline, which comprises the following steps: firstly, designing a narrow gap welding groove according to the thickness of a workpiece, and selecting a U-shaped groove with the plate thickness of more than 12 mm; step two, performing non-filler wire backing welding by using K-TIG welding; filling by using MIG welding; and step four, completing the pipeline welding. According to the welding method, welding is carried out by K-TIG welding bottoming and MIG welding filling, the fault tolerance rate of a welding seam can be improved, and stable welding can still be achieved by adjusting parameters when the gap and the fault variable of a welding workpiece reach 4mm under a certain thickness. And the welding efficiency of the welding method is improved by more than 2 times compared with other commonly used welding methods at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy welding, in particular to a welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline.
Background
The factory prefabrication of the titanium pipeline for the PTA petrochemical project relates to the welding of a large number of medium and heavy plate pipes, and the welding process commonly used at present adopts plasma arc welding (PAW welding) or tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding) for backing, and then TIG welding is adopted for filling. The PAW welding arc energy is concentrated, the welding speed is high, the depth-to-width ratio of the welding line is large, the penetrability is strong, but the following limitations still exist for large-specification and large-thickness welded pipes: when the thickness is larger than 12mm, due to the size limitation of the nozzle, welding must be carried out from the back surface of the pipe, and then filling and cover surface welding are carried out from the front surface and the back surface respectively, time and labor are consumed, and in large-scale production, the phenomenon of uneven closing gaps or sharp corners inevitably occurs in the forming process of the welded pipe, and welding defects are easily generated during perforating PAW welding. Although TIG welding has stable quality and attractive welding line, the problems of slow welding speed and low production efficiency exist, and the requirement of batch production cannot be met.
The method is mainly used for welding beam steel, steel columns, steel trusses and other members of steel structures so as to improve the welding efficiency, and indicates that the K-TIG welding technology has the advantages of high efficiency, strong engineering adaptability and the like in the longitudinal and circumferential seam welding of thick-wall metal, and has the characteristic of small hole forming of PAW welding and the characteristic of stable TIG welding quality. At present, the technology is not applied to welding of titanium and titanium alloy. Compared with TIG welding filling, the filling efficiency of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding can be greatly improved, but the electric arc stability is poor, the structural performance of a welding joint is not easy to control, and the MIG welding is not applied to titanium alloy welding in an engineering way at present, so that a plurality of problems are exposed in the actual welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems and make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline, which aims to improve the welding efficiency of the conventional large-size and large-thickness welded pipe and save a large amount of manpower and material resources.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a narrow-gap welding groove according to the thickness of a workpiece, selecting a U-shaped groove with the plate thickness being more than 12mm, wherein the radius of an arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 3-5 mm, the width of the top of the arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 4-6 mm, the angle of the groove is 15-25 degrees, and the height of a truncated edge is 8-10 mm;
step two, performing non-filler wire backing welding by using K-TIG welding;
filling by using MIG welding;
and step four, completing the pipeline welding.
Further, in the first step, when the thickness of the workpiece plate is 8-12mm, a V-shaped groove is selected, the angle of the V-shaped groove is 20-30 degrees, and the height of the truncated edge is 0.8-1.2 mm.
And further, when the plate thickness t = 8-10 mm, only K-TIG welding is adopted for priming, and single-pass welding is adopted. The K-TIG welding backing current is 400-450A, the gap is 0-2 mm, the welding speed is 350-400 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, when the plate thickness t = 10-20 mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 430-450A, the gap is 0-3 mm, the welding speed is 280-330 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min; the filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 16-22V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is-5- +15%, the pulse correction coefficient is + 1- +3, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, when the plate thickness t is more than 20mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 450-500A, the gap is 0-4 mm, the welding speed is 260-320 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min; the filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is + 5- +20%, the pulse correction coefficient is-1- +2, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, the welding is carried out by adopting a decreasing standard during K-TIG welding: and when the arc starting point reaches 450-550 mm, the welding speed is unchanged, the current is increased by 10-20A compared with the recommended parameter, and then the current is reduced at the speed of 20-25A/m.
Further, a water cooling device is arranged at the welding gun head of the MIG welding in the third step, the water cooling device is an annular protective sleeve with a cavity inside, and the protective sleeve is sleeved outside the welding gun head.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the welding method can improve the fault tolerance of the welding line, and can still realize stable welding by adjusting parameters when the gap and the fault variable of a welding workpiece reach 4mm under a certain thickness. And the welding efficiency of the welding method is improved by more than 2 times compared with other commonly used welding methods at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a U-groove of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a protective sleeve provided with a welding gun during MIG welding in accordance with the present invention;
the following are marked in the figure: 1. and (6) a protective sleeve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
A welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a narrow-gap welding groove according to the thickness of a workpiece, selecting a U-shaped groove with the plate thickness being more than 12mm, wherein the radius of an arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 3-5 mm, the width of the top of the arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 4-6 mm, the angle of the groove is 15-25 degrees, and the height of a truncated edge is 8-10 mm; the U-shaped groove is mainly used for reducing the filling amount, so that on one hand, the heat input and the welding deformation are reduced, and on the other hand, the welding material cost is reduced; the truncated edge in the patent is larger, the truncated edge of a general U-shaped groove is only 1-1.5, which is 8-10, and the groove angle of the U-shaped groove in the patent is smaller, and the filling amount is small;
step two, performing non-filler wire backing welding by using K-TIG welding;
filling by using MIG welding; the method performs MIG welding filling welding on the narrow-gap groove, and the filling efficiency is very high;
and step four, completing the pipeline welding.
Further, in the first step, when the thickness of the workpiece plate is 8-12mm, a V-shaped groove is selected, the angle of the V-shaped groove is 20-30 degrees, and the height of the truncated edge is 0.8-1.2 mm.
And further, when the plate thickness t = 8-10 mm, only K-TIG welding is adopted for priming, and single-pass welding is adopted. The K-TIG welding backing current is 400-450A, the gap is 0-2 mm, the welding speed is 350-400 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, when the plate thickness t = 10-20 mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 430-450A, the gap is 0-3 mm, the welding speed is 280-330 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min. The filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 16-22V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is-5- +15%, the pulse correction coefficient is + 1- +3, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, when the plate thickness t is more than 20mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 450-500A, the gap is 0-4 mm, the welding speed is 260-320 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min. The filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is + 5- +20%, the pulse correction coefficient is-1- +2, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
Further, the welding is carried out by adopting a decreasing standard during K-TIG welding: and when the arc starting point reaches 450-550 mm, the welding speed is unchanged, the current is increased by 10-20A compared with the recommended parameter, and then the current is reduced at the speed of 20-25A/m.
In the prior patent, because the hardness of the titanium alloy is low, the hardness is lower due to high temperature during welding, wire blocking is caused by a wire feeding mechanism, and MIG welding cannot be applied to the titanium alloy, and the water cooling device is additionally arranged on the welding gun head, so that the temperature can be quickly reduced, and the wire blocking is avoided;
the method is characterized in that a narrow gap welding groove is designed according to the thickness of a workpiece, and then K-TIG welding is used for backing welding without wire filling, large-current TIG welding is used for backing for the first time, the current reaches 400A, so that the fault tolerance rate is very high, and even if the fit gap of the welded pipe is uneven or the edge is staggered, defect-free welding can be realized; when bottoming, adding a welding protective sleeve 1 with forced water cooling, namely a water cooling device, on the back, wherein the water cooling device is an annular metal protective sleeve 1 with a cavity inside, the protective sleeve 1 is sleeved outside the welding gun head, cold water for cooling can be introduced into the cavity of the protective sleeve 1, the protective sleeve 1 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the protective sleeve 1 is connected with a cooling water pipeline through the water inlet;
the protective sleeve 1 enables the back of a welding line to be cooled quickly, the cooling speed is improved, the heat input is prevented from being overlarge, MIG welding is used for filling at last, a water cooling mechanism is innovatively introduced into an MIG welding torch part, the nozzle is cooled quickly, and the wire feeding process is guaranteed to be carried out smoothly. K-TIG welding backing and MIG welding filling are used as main welding methods to replace TIG/PAW welding backing and TIG welding filling. In the welding process, pure argon is adopted in K-TIG welding, helium-argon mixed gas is adopted in MIG welding, and the proportion of helium is 70%.
The thickness of the plate is 8-12mm, a V-shaped groove is selected, and the thickness of the plate is more than 12mm, a U-shaped groove is selected.
The final groove size of the V-shaped groove is 20-30 degrees, and the height of the truncated edge is 0.8-1.2 mm; the radius of the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 3-5 mm, the width of the U-shaped groove is 4-6 mm, the angle of the groove is 15-25 degrees, and the height of the truncated edge is 8-10 mm.
And when the plate thickness t = 8-10 mm, only adopting K-TIG welding for priming and single-pass welding. The K-TIG welding backing current is 400-450A, the gap is 0-1 mm, the welding speed is 350-400 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min.
When the plate thickness t = 10-20 mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 430-450A, the gap is 0-1.5 mm, the welding speed is 280-330 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min. The filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 16-22V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is-5- +15%, the pulse correction coefficient is + 1- +3, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
When the plate thickness t is more than 20mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 450-500A, the gap is 0-1.5 mm, the welding speed is 260-320 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min. The filling current of MIG welding is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is + 5- +20%, the pulse correction coefficient is-1- +2, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
And adopting decreasing standard to weld during K-TIG welding: and when the arc starting point reaches 500mm, the welding speed is unchanged, the current is increased by 10-20A compared with the recommended parameter, and then the current is reduced at the speed of 20-25A/m. On the one hand, the occurrence of arc-starting air holes can be prevented, and on the other hand, the phenomena that the welding deformation is large due to large heat input at the position close to the arc-closing position, the welding groove is continuously narrowed, and the welding quality is reduced can be prevented.
Example 1
The product material is TA2, the plate thickness t =12mm, a V-shaped groove is selected, the groove size is 20 degrees, the K-TIG welding backing current is 435A, the gap is 1.0mm, the welding speed is 310cm/min, and the air flow is 20 ml/min. The MIG welding filling current is 170A, the arc voltage is 18V, the welding speed is 12cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is +15%, the pulse correction coefficient is +2, and the gas flow is 20 ml/min. Compared with manual TIG priming, the K-TIG welding efficiency is improved by 4.2 times, compared with PAW priming, the PAW priming efficiency is improved by 25%, compared with original TIG welding filling, the MIG welding filling efficiency is improved by 6 times, and the comprehensive welding efficiency is improved by more than 2 times.
Example 2
The product material is GR.12, the plate thickness t =25mm, a U-shaped groove is selected, the radius of an arc section at the bottom of the groove is 3mm, the width is 6mm, the angle of the groove is 25 degrees, the K-TIG welding backing current is 480A, the gap is 1.5mm, the welding speed is 300cm/min, and the air flow is 20 ml/min. The MIG welding filling current is 180A, the arc voltage is 16V, the welding speed is 11cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is +5%, the pulse correction coefficient is +1, and the gas flow is 20 ml/min. Compared with manual TIG priming, the K-TIG welding efficiency is improved by 4.5 times, and is improved by 30% compared with PAW priming, the MIG welding filling efficiency is improved by 7 times compared with the original TIG welding filling, and the comprehensive welding efficiency is improved by more than 2 times. Through detecting the tensile strength and the hardness of the welded joint, the mechanical property of the welded joint is not reduced compared with the original mechanical property, the microstructure is compared, the microstructure of the welded joint is not obviously changed compared with the original structure, the one-time qualification rate of X-ray detection exceeds 99%, and the effect is far more than the expected effect of an experiment.
In conclusion, the research realizes that K-TIG is from inexistence to inexistence in the field of titanium and titanium alloy welding, optimizes the practical engineering application process of MIG welding, and realizes large-scale engineering application. In practical engineering application, data analysis shows that the K-TIG welding efficiency is improved by more than 4 times compared with manual TIG priming, is improved by 30% compared with PAW priming, the engineering adaptability is greatly enhanced compared with PAW, the requirements on assembly clearance and groove consistency are greatly reduced, and the winding and groove processing efficiency is indirectly improved; compared with the original TIG welding filling, the MIG welding filling efficiency is improved by more than 6 times, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved. By adopting the technology provided by the invention, the comprehensive welding efficiency of the large-diameter welded pipe is greatly improved, about 1 ten thousand yuan can be saved per 10 meters, and the larger economic benefit is expected to be brought to the society and the country along with the vigorous development of the titanium alloy field in the coming years.
The device of the present invention may have other forms than the above-described embodiments, and it should be understood that any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above-described embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method of a large-size titanium alloy pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, designing a narrow-gap welding groove according to the thickness of a workpiece, selecting a U-shaped groove with the plate thickness being more than 12mm, wherein the radius of an arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 3-5 mm, the width of the top of the arc-shaped section at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is 4-6 mm, the angle of the groove is 15-25 degrees, and the height of a truncated edge is 8-10 mm;
step two, performing non-filler wire backing welding by using K-TIG welding;
filling by using MIG welding;
and step four, completing the pipeline welding.
2. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, when the thickness of the workpiece plate is 8-12mm, a V-shaped groove is selected, the angle of the V-shaped groove is 20-30 degrees, and the height of the truncated edge is 0.8-1.2 mm.
3. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 2, wherein: when the plate thickness t = 8-10 mm, only K-TIG welding priming and single-pass welding are adopted, wherein the K-TIG welding priming current is 400-450A, the gap is 0-2 mm, the welding speed is 350-400 cm/min, and the air flow is 15-20 ml/min.
4. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 1, wherein: when the plate thickness t = 10-20 mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 430-450A, the gap is 0-3 mm, the welding speed is 280-330 cm/min, the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min, the MIG welding filling current is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 16-22V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is-5- +15%, the pulse correction coefficient is + 1- +3, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
5. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 4, wherein: when the plate thickness t is more than 20mm, the K-TIG welding backing current is 450-500A, the gap is 0-4 mm, the welding speed is 260-320 cm/min, the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min, the MIG welding filling current is 160-200A, the arc voltage is 12-16V, the welding speed is 10-13 cm/min, the arc length correction coefficient is + 5- +20%, the pulse correction coefficient is-1- +2, and the gas flow is 15-20 ml/min.
6. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 5, wherein: and adopting decreasing standard to weld during K-TIG welding: and when the arc starting point reaches 450-550 mm, the welding speed is unchanged, the current is increased by 10-20A compared with the recommended parameter, and then the current is reduced at the speed of 20-25A/m.
7. The method of welding a large gauge titanium alloy pipe according to claim 1, wherein: and a water cooling device is arranged at the welding gun head of the MIG welding in the third step, the water cooling device is an annular protective sleeve with a cavity inside, and the protective sleeve is sleeved outside the welding gun head.
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