CN113927013A - Forming method of U-shaped bracket for automobile - Google Patents
Forming method of U-shaped bracket for automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN113927013A CN113927013A CN202111048875.5A CN202111048875A CN113927013A CN 113927013 A CN113927013 A CN 113927013A CN 202111048875 A CN202111048875 A CN 202111048875A CN 113927013 A CN113927013 A CN 113927013A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S101, smelting, step S102, refining, step S103, die-casting forming, step S104, heat treatment, step S105, flanging forming and step S106, trimming and punching. The invention also discloses the U-shaped bracket for the automobile, which is manufactured by the method for molding the U-shaped bracket for the automobile. The forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high product yield and high processing efficiency, and can effectively improve the quality stability of the product and improve the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile part manufacturing, in particular to a forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile.
Background
In recent years, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of living standard of people, the automobile industry develops rapidly. Automobiles have entered numerous households as a main means for people to travel. The automobile market demand is getting larger and larger, and the performance requirement is getting higher and higher. In order to improve the driving safety and the normal working stability of automobiles, it is necessary to improve the usability of automobile parts. The U-shaped bracket is one of important automobile parts as a structural member. The parts bear relevant parts of the automobile and load gravity, and the service performance of the product can be ensured only by selecting high-strength materials and reasonable manufacturing processes.
The existing forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile has the defects of rough surface, low precision, unstable quality, high crack rejection rate, low product percent of pass and processing efficiency of the prepared bracket material, easy deformation of a die in the forming process, short service life and high energy consumption. And the mechanical strength of the manufactured U-shaped bracket is insufficient due to the ingredient formula of the molding material, and the corrosion resistance needs to be further improved.
For example, chinese invention patent CN 103624144B discloses a stamping process for forming a rocker beam of a front floor of an automobile, which comprises the following steps: 1) blanking: blanking according to the size of a front floor threshold beam, and reserving symmetrical opposite side materials on the inner side of a single side material at the front end of a blank; 2) and (3) flanging and forming: symmetrically flanging the two sides of the blank at the same time, wherein the single-side material and the opposite-side material at the front end of the blank form bilaterally symmetrical flanges; 3) trimming: and cutting off the opposite side material after flanging to form the front floor threshold beam with the notch at the front end. The invention ensures that the stress of the part is balanced in the flanging forming process, avoids the part deviation caused by single-side stress, improves the processing precision of the part with the single-side flanging, ensures that the part meets the requirements on the shape and the size, and improves the stability of the product quality. However, the formula of the components of the material is not adjusted, and the mechanical strength, the corrosion resistance and the processing qualification rate of the product are all required to be further improved.
Therefore, it is a difficult problem to be solved by researchers in the industry at present how to provide a forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile, which has high product yield and processing efficiency, can effectively improve the quality stability of a product, and can improve the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide the forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile, which has high product yield and processing efficiency, can effectively improve the quality stability of the product and improve the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the product.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile, comprising:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula for smelting, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
Preferably, the formula in step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.03-0.06% of Zr, 2-4% of Cr, 3-5% of Si, 0.1-0.3% of Mg, 1-3% of Cu, 0.03-0.06% of Mo, 0.01-0.03% of Ga, 0.01-0.03% of Sc, 0.003-0.005% of Ag, 0.01-0.03% of Ce, 0.003-0.005% of nano boron nitride and 0.01-0.03% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the melting temperature in step S101 is 750-830 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
Preferably, the refining agent in step S102 is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.8-1.3 parts of terbium oxide, 4-6 parts of cryolite, 8-12 parts of sodium sulfate, 1-2 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.3-0.6 part of bismuth telluride and 10-20 parts of sodium chloride.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt in the step S102 is (1-3): 100; the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, helium, neon and argon; the refining temperature is 720-760 ℃, and the refining time is 12-18 min.
Preferably, in step S103, the vacuum pressure casting molding casting temperature is 650-700 ℃, the mold temperature is 250-300 ℃, the mold filling speed is 75-85m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 4-6 KPa.
Preferably, the normalizing temperature is 520-620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15-25 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling.
Preferably, the tempering temperature is 320-400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours.
The annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically, the workpiece is placed in a box-type annealing furnace to be heated to 600-620 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours, the workpiece is taken out of the furnace when being cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box-type annealing furnace, and then the workpiece is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
The invention also provides a method for forming the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, small dependence on equipment, high product qualification rate and high processing efficiency, and can effectively improve the quality stability of the product and improve the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance of the product.
(2) According to the forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile, disclosed by the invention, through reasonable selection of a material formula and mutual matching and combined action of all components, the manufactured U-shaped bracket is good in mechanical property, excellent in corrosion resistance and good in processing performance, and is not easy to break in a flanging and bending process.
(3) The forming method of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the manufactured U-shaped bracket is high in hardness, good in wear resistance and sufficient in tensile strength through reasonable selection of a heat treatment process.
(4) The invention discloses a forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile, wherein a refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.8-1.3 parts of terbium oxide, 4-6 parts of cryolite, 8-12 parts of sodium sulfate, 1-2 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.3-0.6 part of bismuth telluride and 10-20 parts of sodium chloride. Through the interaction and influence among the components, the refining effect is better, and the comprehensive performance and the performance stability of the product are better.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula, smelting, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
The formula in the step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.03% of Zr, 2% of Cr, 3% of Si, 0.1% of Mg, 1% of Cu, 0.03% of Mo, 0.01% of Ga, 0.01% of Sc, 0.003% of Ag, 0.01% of Ce, 0.003% of nano boron nitride and 0.01% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the step S101, the smelting temperature is 750 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
In the step S102, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.8 part of terbium oxide, 4 parts of cryolite, 8 parts of sodium sulfate, 1 part of beryllium oxide, 0.3 part of bismuth telluride and 10 parts of sodium chloride.
In the step S102, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt is 1: 100; the inert gas is nitrogen; the refining temperature is 720 ℃, and the refining time is 12 min.
In step S103, the casting temperature of the vacuum die-casting molding is 650 ℃, the mold temperature is 250 ℃, the mold filling speed is 75m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 4 KPa.
The normalizing temperature is 520 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling; the tempering temperature is 320 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 hour.
The annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically, the workpiece is placed in a box type annealing furnace to be heated to 600 ℃, then is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, is discharged when being cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box type annealing furnace, and then is cooled to room temperature through air cooling.
The automobile U-shaped bracket is manufactured according to the forming method of the automobile U-shaped bracket.
Example 2
A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula for smelting, and preserving heat for 22 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
The formula in the step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.04% of Zr, 2.5% of Cr, 3.5% of Si, 0.15% of Mg, 1.5% of Cu, 0.04% of Mo, 0.015% of Ga, 0.015% of Sc, 0.0035% of Ag, 0.015% of Ce, 0.0035% of nano boron nitride and 0.015% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the step S101, the smelting temperature is 770 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
In the step S102, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.9 part of terbium oxide, 4.5 parts of cryolite, 9 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.2 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.4 part of bismuth telluride and 12 parts of sodium chloride.
In the step S102, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt is 1.5: 100; the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, helium, neon and argon; the refining temperature is 730 ℃, and the refining time is 14 min.
In step S103, the casting temperature of the vacuum die-casting molding is 660 ℃, the mold temperature is 260 ℃, the mold filling speed is 77m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 4.5 KPa.
The normalizing temperature is 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 17 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling; the tempering temperature is 340 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.2 hours; the annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically comprises the steps of putting a workpiece into a box type annealing furnace, heating to 605 ℃, then preserving heat for 1.2 hours, then taking out the workpiece when the workpiece is cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box type annealing furnace, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
The automobile U-shaped bracket is manufactured according to the forming method of the automobile U-shaped bracket.
Example 3
A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula, smelting, and keeping the temperature for 25 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
The formula in the step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.045% of Zr, 3% of Cr, 4% of Si, 0.2% of Mg, 2% of Cu, 0.045% of Mo, 0.02% of Ga, 0.02% of Sc, 0.004% of Ag, 0.02% of Ce, 0.004% of nano boron nitride and 0.02% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the step S101, the smelting temperature is 780 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
In the step S102, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of calcium fluoride, 1 part of terbium oxide, 5 parts of cryolite, 10 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.5 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.45 part of bismuth telluride and 15 parts of sodium chloride.
In the step S102, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt is 2: 100; the inert gas is neon; the refining temperature is 740 ℃, and the refining time is 14 min.
In step S103, the casting temperature of the vacuum die-casting molding is 680 ℃, the mold temperature is 270 ℃, the mold filling speed is set to be 80m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is set to be 5 KPa.
The normalizing temperature is 560 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling; the tempering temperature is 370 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours; the annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically, the workpiece is placed in a box type annealing furnace to be heated to 610 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours, then the workpiece is taken out of the furnace along with the box type annealing furnace when being cooled to 500 ℃, and then the workpiece is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
The automobile U-shaped bracket is manufactured according to the forming method of the automobile U-shaped bracket.
Example 4
A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula for smelting, and preserving heat for 28 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
Preferably, the formula in step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.055% of Zr, 3.5% of Cr, 4.5% of Si, 0.25% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.055% of Mo, 0.025% of Ga, 0.025% of Sc, 0.0045% of Ag, 0.025% of Ce, 0.0045% of nano boron nitride and 0.025% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the step S101, the smelting temperature is 820 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
In the step S102, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4.5 parts of calcium fluoride, 1.2 parts of terbium oxide, 5.5 parts of cryolite, 11 parts of sodium sulfate, 1.8 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.55 part of bismuth telluride and 18 parts of sodium chloride.
In the step S102, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt is 2.5: 100; the inert gas is argon; the refining temperature is 750 ℃, and the refining time is 16 min.
In step S103, the casting temperature of the vacuum die-casting molding is 690 ℃, the mold temperature is 290 ℃, the mold filling speed is 82m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 5.5 KPa.
The normalizing temperature is 610 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 23 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling; the tempering temperature is 390 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.8 hours; the annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically comprises the steps of putting a workpiece into a box type annealing furnace, heating to 617 ℃, then preserving heat for 1.8 hours, then taking out the workpiece when the workpiece is cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box type annealing furnace, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
The automobile U-shaped bracket is manufactured according to the forming method of the automobile U-shaped bracket.
Example 5
A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula for smelting, and preserving heat for 30 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
The formula in the step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.06% of Zr, 4% of Cr, 5% of Si, 0.3% of Mg, 3% of Cu, 0.06% of Mo, 0.03% of Ga, 0.03% of Sc, 0.005% of Ag, 0.03% of Ce, 0.005% of nano boron nitride and 0.03% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
In the step S101, the smelting temperature is 830 ℃; the formulation is added as an intermediate alloy body, for example, by adding a zirconium-aluminum intermediate alloy body when adding Zr.
In the step S102, the refining agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of calcium fluoride, 1.3 parts of terbium oxide, 6 parts of cryolite, 12 parts of sodium sulfate, 2 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.6 part of bismuth telluride and 20 parts of sodium chloride.
In the step S102, the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt is 3: 100; the inert gas is nitrogen; the refining temperature is 760 ℃, and the refining time is 18 min.
In step S103, the casting temperature of the vacuum die-casting molding is 700 ℃, the mold temperature is 300 ℃, the mold filling speed is 85m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 6 KPa.
The normalizing temperature is 620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 minutes; the cooling mode is air cooling; the tempering temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically, the workpiece is placed in a box type annealing furnace to be heated to 620 ℃, then is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours, is discharged when being cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box type annealing furnace, and then is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
The automobile U-shaped bracket is manufactured according to the forming method of the automobile U-shaped bracket.
Comparative example 1
This example provides a method of forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile and a U-shaped bracket for an automobile manufactured by the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that: nano boron nitride and Ga were not added.
Comparative example 2
This example provides a method of forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile and a U-shaped bracket for an automobile manufactured by the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that: no fluorine-containing graphene and Ag were added.
Comparative example 3
This example provides a method of forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile and a U-shaped bracket for an automobile manufactured by the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that: no bismuth telluride was added.
Comparative example 4
This example provides a method of forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile and a U-shaped bracket for an automobile manufactured by the same, which is substantially the same as example 1 except that: there is no normalizing step.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial technical effects of the U-shaped bracket for the automobile in the embodiment of the invention, the U-shaped bracket for the automobile in the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 is subjected to performance test according to corresponding national standards, and the test results are shown in Table 1; the flaw rejection rate is calculated after detecting flaws (including invisible flaws) by an ultrasonic method, and the capacity of each sample is 100.
As can be seen from table 1, the U-shaped bracket for automobile disclosed in the example of the present invention has superior mechanical properties, lower crack rejection rate and higher corrosion resistance, which are the result of the synergistic effect of the components, compared to the comparative product.
TABLE 1
| Item | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Neutral salt spray |
| Unit of | MPa | MPa | h |
| Example 1 | 398.3 | 364.5 | 985 |
| Example 2 | 402.1 | 366.8 | 992 |
| Example 3 | 405.5 | 369.6 | 997 |
| Example 4 | 408.2 | 372.6 | 1002 |
| Example 5 | 410.7 | 375.3 | 1005 |
| Comparative example 1 | 357.3 | 318.9 | 967 |
| Comparative example 2 | 352.5 | 315.3 | 958 |
| Comparative example 3 | 394.6 | 362.2 | 978 |
| Comparative example 4 | 385.8 | 357.6 | 975 |
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A forming method of a U-shaped bracket for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S101, smelting: adding the chemical components into a smelting furnace according to a formula for smelting, and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes;
step S102, refining: adding a refining agent into the alloy melt, spraying inert gas for refining, and sequentially slagging off and filtering;
step S103, die-casting forming: pouring the alloy melt into a mold, then carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, and demolding after cooling;
step S104, heat treatment: sequentially carrying out normalizing, tempering and annealing treatment on the blank;
step S105, flanging and forming: flanging according to design requirements;
step S106, trimming and punching: and (5) trimming, shaping, notching and trimming the workpiece subjected to flanging and forming in the step S105 to obtain the U-shaped bracket for the automobile.
2. The method for molding the U-shaped bracket for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formula in step S101 is specifically prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.03-0.06% of Zr, 2-4% of Cr, 3-5% of Si, 0.1-0.3% of Mg, 1-3% of Cu, 0.03-0.06% of Mo, 0.01-0.03% of Ga, 0.01-0.03% of Sc, 0.003-0.005% of Ag, 0.01-0.03% of Ce, 0.003-0.005% of nano boron nitride and 0.01-0.03% of fluorine-containing graphene; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in step S101 is 750-830 ℃.
4. The method for molding the U-shaped bracket for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refining agent in step S102 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of calcium fluoride, 0.8-1.3 parts of terbium oxide, 4-6 parts of cryolite, 8-12 parts of sodium sulfate, 1-2 parts of beryllium oxide, 0.3-0.6 part of bismuth telluride and 10-20 parts of sodium chloride.
5. The method for forming a U-shaped bracket for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the refining agent to the alloy melt in step S102 is (1-3): 100; the inert gas is any one of nitrogen, helium, neon and argon; the refining temperature is 720-760 ℃, and the refining time is 12-18 min.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting temperature in step S103 is 650-700 ℃, the mold temperature is 250-300 ℃, the mold filling speed is 75-85m/S, and the vacuum degree of the mold cavity is 4-6 KPa.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normalizing temperature is 520 ℃ and the holding time is 15-25 min; the cooling mode is air cooling.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tempering temperature is 320-400 ℃, and the holding time is 1-2 hours; the annealing treatment is carried out in an annealing furnace, and specifically, the workpiece is placed in a box-type annealing furnace to be heated to 600-620 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours, the workpiece is taken out of the furnace when being cooled to 500 ℃ along with the box-type annealing furnace, and then the workpiece is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.
9. A U-shaped bracket for an automobile manufactured by the method for molding a U-shaped bracket for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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