CN113926826A - Treatment process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Treatment process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113926826A CN113926826A CN202111175262.8A CN202111175262A CN113926826A CN 113926826 A CN113926826 A CN 113926826A CN 202111175262 A CN202111175262 A CN 202111175262A CN 113926826 A CN113926826 A CN 113926826A
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 dioxin organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of hazardous wastes, and particularly relates to a disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash. The method comprises the following steps: conveying raw material fly ash into a first ash bin; performing solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis treatment on raw material fly ash to generate detoxified fly ash; conveying the detoxified fly ash into a second ash bin; performing multi-stage countercurrent rinsing on the detoxified fly ash to generate a muddy water mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mud-water mixture to generate liquid-phase filtrate and solid-phase detoxified fly ash; carrying out water treatment on the liquid-phase filtrate to generate reclaimed water; conveying the reclaimed water and using the reclaimed water as rinsing water; and conveying the solid-phase detoxified fly ash into a third ash bin. The invention has the characteristics that the secondary pollution can be reduced, and dioxin organic compounds, trace heavy metals and soluble chloride in the fly ash can be removed, so that the detoxified fly ash can be used as building material resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of hazardous wastes, and particularly relates to a disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash.
Background
The fly ash (fly ash for short) from domestic garbage incineration is prepared from fly ash obtained from flue gas collection system of garbage incineration power plant, and comprises fluidized bed fly ash and grate furnace fly ash, wherein the fly ash contains CaO and SiO as main components2、Na2O、K2O、Fe2O3、Al2O3The mass fraction of CaO is 20.4-37.9%, the main hazardous substances are heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg and the like) and dioxin organic compounds, the mass fraction of chlorine in the incineration fly ash is the highest and can exceed 25%, and the proportion of soluble chlorine in the total chlorine is 40.6-83.9%. The hazardous waste contains dioxin organic substances and trace inorganic heavy metal substances which are strong carcinogens, and is listed as HW18 hazardous waste. At present, fly ash disposal methods mainly include chelating landfill, rigid landfill, cement kiln cooperative disposal and the like.
However, the chelating landfill occupies a large amount of land resources, the stability of heavy metals is poor, the control on dioxin is limited, and the chlorine content of the chlorine entering the flexible landfill is required to be less than 10%. The rigid landfill method has better control on heavy metals and dioxin, but has higher cost and occupies a large amount of land resources, and becomes a main factor for restricting the treatment of the fly ash by the method. The fly ash which is cooperatively treated by the cement kiln must be added to a high-temperature section, and the addition of a raw material mill requires that dioxin is less than 10ngTEQ/kg, so that certain influence is exerted on the production stability of cement.
The fly ash contains CaO and SiO as main components2And contains a small amount of dioxin organic compounds, heavy metals and the like, so in order to protect the environment and reduce the possible secondary pollution of the existing fly ash disposal method, the dioxin organic compounds, trace heavy metals and soluble chloride in the fly ash are removed, the fly ash after detoxification can be used as building material resource, and the disposal for the resource utilization of the waste incineration fly ash is designedThe process makes the detoxicated fly ash as building material for baking-free brick, cement admixture, etc. necessary.
For example, chinese patent application No. CN202010231697.9 discloses a stabilizing treatment process for fly ash from waste incineration, which comprises the following steps: preparing plant straw fermentation liquor and oxidized plant fibers; step two, microbial treatment; step three, preparing the stabilizing material. Although the product obtained by adopting a specific straw fermentation process is provided for stabilizing the waste incineration fly ash, the construction material with various performances meeting the requirements is finally prepared by degrading dioxin and immobilized heavy metals through microbial treatment and promoting fly ash gelatinization, the prepared waste incineration fly ash stabilizing material does not cause secondary pollution, because the normal temperature curing resin is added in a certain proportion, the obtained stabilizing material has jade texture, has the characteristics of light weight, good finish, high strength and durability, can be cut, ground and the like, is widely applicable to the fields of building, heat preservation, decoration, gardening and the like, but has the disadvantages that the whole treatment process is higher in cost due to the need of adopting microorganism treatment in the treatment process, and the treatment process is uncontrollable, so that the finally prepared building materials with various performances meeting the requirements have uneven quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing fly ash treatment process has large occupied area, high treatment cost, poor control stability of heavy metals and dioxin organic compounds and secondary pollution risk in the prior art, and provides the treatment process for recycling the waste incineration fly ash, which can reduce the secondary pollution in the existing fly ash treatment method, can remove the dioxin organic compounds, trace heavy metals and soluble chlorine salt in the fly ash and can ensure that the detoxified fly ash can be used for building material resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the treatment process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying the raw material fly ash generated by the waste incineration into a first ash bin for storing the raw material fly ash;
s2, conveying the raw material fly ash, performing solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and removing dioxin organic compounds contained in the raw material fly ash to generate detoxified fly ash;
s3, conveying the detoxified fly ash into a second ash bin for storing detoxified fly ash;
s4, conveying the detoxified fly ash and performing multi-stage countercurrent rinsing for removing soluble chloride and trace heavy metals in the detoxified fly ash and generating a muddy water mixture;
s5, conveying the muddy water mixture and carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment to generate liquid-phase filtrate and solid-phase detoxified fly ash;
s6, conveying the liquid-phase filtrate and performing water treatment to generate reclaimed water;
s7, conveying the reclaimed water and using the reclaimed water as rinsing water in a multi-stage countercurrent rinsing process;
and S8, conveying the solid-phase detoxified fly ash into a third ash bin for storing the solid-phase detoxified fly ash.
Preferably, in the step S1, the raw fly ash enters the first ash bin through a pneumatic conveying system; the first ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
Preferably, in the step S2, a second conveying system is adopted in the raw material fly ash conveying process, and the second conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the second conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L.
Preferably, during step S2, the pyrolysis temperature of the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis process is 250 ℃ to 400 ℃; the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis process is an anaerobic atmosphere and the pyrolysis time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, in the step S3, a third conveying system is adopted in the detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the third conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the third conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the second ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
Preferably, in the step S4, a fourth conveying system is adopted in the detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the fourth conveying system is a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor; the steel material of the fourth conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the multistage countercurrent rinsing is three-stage rinsing, a rinsing barrel is adopted in the multistage countercurrent rinsing process, and the rinsing barrel is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel as an inner lining.
Preferably, in the step S5, a fifth conveying system is adopted in the sludge-water mixture conveying process, and the fifth conveying system is a screw sludge pump or a sludge diaphragm pump; a solid-liquid separation system is adopted in the solid-liquid separation treatment process, and the solid-liquid separation system is a horizontal centrifuge or a plate-and-frame filter press; the fifth conveying system is connected with the solid-liquid separation system through a pipeline, and the pipeline is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel with a lining.
Preferably, in the step S6, a sixth conveying system is adopted in the liquid-phase filtrate conveying process, and the sixth conveying system adopts a filtrate gravity flow pipeline or a conveying pump connecting pipeline; the material of the pipeline of the sixth conveying system is one of PVC, an anti-corrosion lining Q235 and SUS 316L; the water treatment comprises removing heavy metals by a sodium sulfide chemical precipitation method, removing calcium and magnesium ions by a sodium carbonate chemical precipitation method, treating high-chloride wastewater by an evaporative crystallization method, and finally obtaining evaporative crystallization condensate water as the reclaimed water.
Preferably, in the step S7, a seventh delivery system is adopted in the reclaimed water delivery process, and the seventh delivery system adopts a delivery pump to connect the pipeline; the seventh conveying system is made of an anti-corrosion lining layer Q235 or SUS 316L.
Preferably, in the step S8, an eighth conveying system is adopted in the conveying process of the solid-phase detoxified fly ash, and the eighth conveying system adopts one or two of a scraper conveyor and a screw conveyor; the blade material of the spiral conveyor is manganese steel, and the scraper conveyor is SUS 316L; the third ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention can carry out solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis on the raw material fly ash, has lower comprehensive energy consumption and saves energy; (2) the method can ensure that the dioxin removal efficiency can reach more than 99 percent to the maximum extent, the content of dioxin in the fly ash is stably less than 30ngTEQ/kg and is lower than the standard limit value by more than 40 percent by referring to the detection of similar domestic engineering operation, and the leaching of soluble chlorine and heavy metal in the treated fly ash is lower than the standard limit value, so that the method is safe and reliable; (3) the invention can realize zero discharge of waste water and ultra-clean discharge of waste gas in project production engineering, realizes the utilization of fly ash building materials after detoxification, realizes near-zero landfill of solid waste, and has low project environmental protection risk and high resource recovery efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the treatment process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Example 1:
the disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash as shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying the raw material fly ash generated by the waste incineration into a first ash bin for storing the raw material fly ash;
s2, conveying the raw material fly ash, performing solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and removing dioxin organic compounds contained in the raw material fly ash to generate detoxified fly ash;
s3, conveying the detoxified fly ash into a second ash bin for storing detoxified fly ash;
s4, conveying the detoxified fly ash and performing multi-stage countercurrent rinsing for removing soluble chloride and trace heavy metals in the detoxified fly ash and generating a muddy water mixture;
s5, conveying the muddy water mixture and carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment to generate liquid-phase filtrate and solid-phase detoxified fly ash;
s6, conveying the liquid-phase filtrate and performing water treatment to generate reclaimed water;
s7, conveying the reclaimed water and using the reclaimed water as rinsing water in a multi-stage countercurrent rinsing process;
and S8, conveying the solid-phase detoxified fly ash into a third ash bin for storing the solid-phase detoxified fly ash.
The invention relates to a disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash, which is realized by a resource utilization treatment system of waste incineration fly ash. The waste incineration fly ash resource utilization and treatment system comprises a first ash bin, a solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis system, a second ash bin, a multi-stage countercurrent rinsing system, a solid-liquid separation system, a water treatment system and a third ash bin which are connected in sequence; the first ash bin is used for collecting raw material fly ash conveyed by the tank truck; the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis system is used for removing dioxin organic compounds in the fly ash; the second ash bin is used for storing detoxified fly ash after low-temperature pyrolysis; the multi-stage countercurrent rinsing system is used for removing soluble chlorine salt and heavy metal in the detoxified fly ash; the solid-liquid separation system is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation on the mud-water mixture of the multi-stage countercurrent rinsing system to obtain solid-phase detoxified fly ash and liquid-phase filtrate; the water treatment system is used for removing heavy metals and calcium and magnesium ions in the liquid-phase filtrate; the third ash bin is used for storing the fly ash after solid phase detoxification.
Further, in the step S1, the raw fly ash enters the first ash bin through a pneumatic conveying system; the first ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
Raw material fly ash in the tank car enters the first ash bin through pipeline pneumatic conveying, and the part of the pipeline in direct contact with the raw material fly ash needs to have corrosion resistance. Wherein, the water content of the raw material fly ash is 1-5%, and the content of soluble chlorine is 10-30%. The volume of the first ash bin can meet the ash storage capacity of a garbage incineration fly ash resource utilization treatment system which stably and continuously operates for 15 days. The first ash bin is in the shape of a flat bottom bin or a conical bottom bin.
Further, in the step S2, a second conveying system is adopted in the raw material fly ash conveying process, and the second conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the second conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L.
The outlet of the first ash bin and the inlet of the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis system are conveyed to the feed inlet of the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis system through a pipe chain, and the material of the part of the pipeline and the pump in direct contact with the raw material fly ash needs to have corrosion resistance. In addition, the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis process has the pyrolysis temperature of 350 ℃, the oxygen-free atmosphere and the pyrolysis time of 1 h. Finally, the detoxified fly ash obtained by step S2 has a water content of < 1%, and the total amount of dioxin-like residues is less than 30ng-TEQ/kg (in terms of dry weight of the fly ash).
Further, in the step S3, a third conveying system is adopted in the detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the third conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the third conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the second ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
The volume of the second ash bin can meet the ash storage capacity of the garbage incineration fly ash resource utilization treatment system which stably and continuously operates for 7 days. The second ash bin is also in the shape of a flat bottom bin or a conical bottom bin.
Further, in the step S4, a fourth conveying system is adopted in the detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the fourth conveying system is a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor; the steel material of the fourth conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the multistage countercurrent rinsing is three-stage rinsing, a rinsing barrel is adopted in a multistage countercurrent rinsing system, and the rinsing barrel is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel as an inner lining. The detoxication flying ash produced by the discharge port of the second ash bin is connected with the feed port of the multi-stage countercurrent rinsing system. When the fourth conveying system adopts a screw conveyor, the blades of the screw conveyor are made of manganese steel.
Further, in the step S5, a fifth conveying system is adopted in the sludge-water mixture conveying process, and the fifth conveying system is a screw sludge pump; a solid-liquid separation system is adopted in the solid-liquid separation treatment process, and the solid-liquid separation system is a plate-and-frame filter press; the fifth conveying system is connected with the solid-liquid separation system through a pipeline, and the pipeline is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel with a lining. The discharge port of the multi-stage countercurrent rinsing system is connected with the feed port of the plate and frame filter press system through a screw sludge pump connecting pipeline, and the plate and frame filter press system realizes automation through a PLC system. The screw sludge pump can be replaced by a sludge diaphragm pump, and the plate-and-frame filter press can be a horizontal centrifuge.
Wherein the mass ratio of the liquid-phase filtrate obtained in the step S5 to the raw material fly ash is 2:1-3: 1. The water content of the solid-phase detoxified fly ash obtained in the step S5 is 28-35%. The soluble chlorine content of the fly ash after solid phase detoxification is less than 1 percent. The leaching concentration of the heavy metals in the fly ash after solid phase detoxification does not exceed the maximum allowable emission concentration limit value specified in GB 8978, and the maximum emission concentration of the second type pollutants does not exceed the first-class standard. Obviously, the soluble chlorine and heavy metal leaching of the fly ash treated by the treatment process are both lower than the standard limit values, and the treatment process is safe and reliable.
Further, in the step S6, a sixth conveying system is adopted in the liquid-phase filtrate conveying process, and a filtrate gravity flow pipeline is adopted in the sixth conveying system; the pipeline of the sixth conveying system is made of PVC; the water treatment comprises removing heavy metals by a sodium sulfide chemical precipitation method, removing calcium and magnesium ions by a sodium carbonate chemical precipitation method, treating high-chloride wastewater by an evaporative crystallization method, and finally obtaining evaporative crystallization condensate water as the reclaimed water.
The filter liquor discharge port of the plate-and-frame filter press automatically flows to a water treatment system through a PVC pipeline, and the water treatment system can realize automatic control through online monitoring of liquid level, pH, alkalinity and hardness. The filtrate self-flowing pipeline can be replaced by a pipeline connected with a delivery pump, and the PVC pipeline can be replaced by an anticorrosive lining Q235 or SUS 316L.
Further, in the step S7, a seventh conveying system is adopted in the reclaimed water conveying process, and the seventh conveying system adopts a conveying pump to connect a pipeline; the seventh conveying system is made of an anti-corrosion lining layer Q235 or SUS 316L. The reclaimed water obtained after water treatment is recycled and used as rinsing water in the multi-stage countercurrent rinsing process, so that the method is economical and environment-friendly.
Further, in the step S8, an eighth conveying system is adopted in the conveying process of the solid-phase detoxified fly ash, and the eighth conveying system adopts one or two of a scraper conveyor and a screw conveyor; the blade material of the spiral conveyor is manganese steel, and the scraper conveyor is SUS 316L; the third ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
Specifically, a discharge port of the plate-and-frame filter press is connected with a feed port of a third ash bin through a shaftless screw conveyor, blades of the screw conveyor are made of manganese steel, and fly ash in the third ash bin after solid-phase detoxification can be used for manufacturing baking-free bricks and cement admixture raw materials. The volume of the third ash bin can meet the ash storage capacity of the garbage incineration fly ash resource utilization treatment system which stably and continuously operates for 15 days. The third ash bin is also in the shape of a flat bottom bin or a conical bottom bin.
According to the invention, through the steps of raw material fly ash collection, solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis, multi-stage countercurrent rinsing, solid-liquid separation and water treatment, the content of soluble chlorine in the formed solid-phase detoxified fly ash is less than 1%, the leaching concentration of heavy metals is not more than the maximum allowable emission concentration limit value specified in GB 8978, the maximum emission concentration of second pollutants is not more than the first-class standard, and the total amount of dioxin residues is less than 30ng-TEQ/kg (based on the dry weight of the fly ash). The fly ash after solid phase detoxification meets the relevant requirements of fly ash water washing products used for other purposes besides cement clinker production in technical specifications (trial) of pollution control of fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage (HJ 1134-2020).
The invention can carry out solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis on the raw material fly ash, has lower comprehensive energy consumption and saves energy; the method can ensure that the dioxin removal efficiency can reach more than 99 percent to the maximum extent, the content of dioxin in the fly ash is stably less than 30ngTEQ/kg and is lower than the standard limit value by more than 40 percent by referring to the detection of similar domestic engineering operation, and the leaching of soluble chlorine and heavy metal in the treated fly ash is lower than the standard limit value, so that the method is safe and reliable; the invention can realize zero discharge of waste water and ultra-clean discharge of waste gas in project production engineering, realizes the utilization of fly ash building materials after detoxification, realizes near-zero landfill of solid waste, and has low project environmental protection risk and high resource recovery efficiency.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention and it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise variations of the present invention that are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, conveying the raw material fly ash generated by the waste incineration into a first ash bin for storing the raw material fly ash;
s2, conveying the raw material fly ash, performing solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis treatment, and removing dioxin organic compounds contained in the raw material fly ash to generate detoxified fly ash;
s3, conveying the detoxified fly ash into a second ash bin for storing detoxified fly ash;
s4, conveying the detoxified fly ash and performing multi-stage countercurrent rinsing for removing soluble chloride and trace heavy metals in the detoxified fly ash and generating a muddy water mixture;
s5, conveying the muddy water mixture and carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment to generate liquid-phase filtrate and solid-phase detoxified fly ash;
s6, conveying the liquid-phase filtrate and performing water treatment to generate reclaimed water;
s7, conveying the reclaimed water and using the reclaimed water as rinsing water in a multi-stage countercurrent rinsing process;
and S8, conveying the solid-phase detoxified fly ash into a third ash bin for storing the solid-phase detoxified fly ash.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein during step S1, the raw fly ash enters the first ash bin through a pneumatic conveying system; the first ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
3. The disposal process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, a second conveying system is adopted in the raw material fly ash conveying process, and the second conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the second conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L.
4. The disposal process for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step S2, the pyrolysis temperature of the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis process is 250-400 ℃; the solid-phase catalytic low-temperature pyrolysis process is an anaerobic atmosphere and the pyrolysis time is 1-3 h.
5. The disposal process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a third conveying system is adopted in the detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the third conveying system is one of a pipe chain conveying system, a pneumatic conveying system and a scraper conveying system; the steel material of the third conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the second ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the detoxified fly ash is transported by a fourth transportation system, which is a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor; the steel material of the fourth conveying system adopts Q235 or SUS 316L; the multistage countercurrent rinsing is three-stage rinsing, a rinsing barrel is adopted in the multistage countercurrent rinsing process, and the rinsing barrel is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel as an inner lining.
7. The treatment process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, a fifth conveying system is adopted in the sludge-water mixture conveying process, and the fifth conveying system is a screw sludge pump or a sludge diaphragm pump; a solid-liquid separation system is adopted in the solid-liquid separation treatment process, and the solid-liquid separation system is a horizontal centrifuge or a plate-and-frame filter press; the fifth conveying system is connected with the solid-liquid separation system through a pipeline, and the pipeline is made of anticorrosive Q235 or 2205 double-phase stainless steel with a lining.
8. The treatment process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, a sixth conveying system is adopted in the liquid-phase filtrate conveying process, and the sixth conveying system adopts a filtrate self-flowing pipeline or a conveying pump connecting pipeline; the material of the pipeline of the sixth conveying system is one of PVC, an anti-corrosion lining Q235 and SUS 316L; the water treatment comprises removing heavy metals by a sodium sulfide chemical precipitation method, removing calcium and magnesium ions by a sodium carbonate chemical precipitation method, treating high-chloride wastewater by an evaporative crystallization method, and finally obtaining evaporative crystallization condensate water as the reclaimed water.
9. The treatment process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, a seventh conveying system is adopted in the middle water conveying process, and the seventh conveying system is connected with a pipeline by a conveying pump; the seventh conveying system is made of an anti-corrosion lining layer Q235 or SUS 316L.
10. The disposal process for recycling waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein in the step S8, an eighth conveying system is adopted in the solid-phase detoxified fly ash conveying process, and the eighth conveying system adopts one or two of a scraper conveyor and a screw conveyor; the blade material of the spiral conveyor is manganese steel, and the scraper conveyor is SUS 316L; the third ash bin adopts one of a steel bin, a plate rolling bin and a concrete bin; wherein, the steel material of the steel silo and the plate rolling silo adopts Q235 or Q245.
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