CN113922050A - Double-cladding decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna and antenna array - Google Patents
Double-cladding decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna and antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN113922050A CN113922050A CN202111292980.3A CN202111292980A CN113922050A CN 113922050 A CN113922050 A CN 113922050A CN 202111292980 A CN202111292980 A CN 202111292980A CN 113922050 A CN113922050 A CN 113922050A
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004347 surface barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-coating decoupling structure, a dual-polarized antenna and an antenna array, wherein the double-coating decoupling structure comprises a first decoupling coating and a second decoupling coating; the first decoupling coating is positioned above the antennas and is formed into a partial reflection surface of the antennas, and a coupling field between the antennas is counteracted by introducing partial reflection; the second decoupling coating is a dielectric layer and is positioned above the first decoupling coating, the second decoupling coating serves as an amplitude and phase compensator, the amplitude and phase compensation regulation and control frequency point and decoupling bandwidth are introduced, the amplitude and phase compensation frequency point moves to low frequency, finally, the antenna isolation is effectively improved through the second decoupling coating, the decoupling performance and the impedance matching performance of the antenna are compromised, the flexible regulation of the decoupling frequency point is realized, and meanwhile, the impedance matching of the antenna is not deteriorated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a double-cladding decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna, the dual-polarized antenna and an antenna array.
Background
The development of 5G technology requires mobile communication devices to support higher transmission rates and greater reliability. To achieve this goal, a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) antenna technology has received much attention. A large number of MIMO sub-antennas or sub-antenna arrays are integrated in the massive MIMO wireless communication equipment, so that the situation that the antennas are often arranged very close to each other due to the fact that the equipment is too large in size is avoided, and strong coupling interference exists among the antennas. Coupling interference can lead to antenna impedance mismatch, isolation degradation, and pattern distortion. In order to further improve the antenna performance, an effective decoupling technology is required.
In recent years, several antenna decoupling techniques have been invented in the academia and industry. Some typical methods include defectives, electromagnetic bandgap structures, polarization deflection isolators, single negative metamaterial cladding loading techniques, frequency selective surface barriers, and the like. The decoupling techniques described above have certain deficiencies. For example, some decoupling technologies have narrow decoupling bandwidths, and mobile communication antennas typically have to cover a wider bandwidth. Some decoupling techniques are better suited for single polarized antennas, but are difficult to apply for dual polarized antennas (e.g., base station antennas). Some decoupling techniques effectively improve isolation but sacrifice antenna matching. Some decoupling structures are large in size and difficult to adapt to a compact arrangement antenna environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks and disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a dual-cladding decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna, which can effectively improve the isolation of the antenna by introducing two layers of cladding layers, and at the same time, does not deteriorate the impedance matching of the antenna.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a dual polarized antenna.
A third object of the present invention is to provide an antenna array.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a double-cladding decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna comprises a first decoupling cladding and a second decoupling cladding; the first decoupling coating is positioned above the antennas and is formed into a partial reflection surface of the antennas, and a coupling field between the antennas is counteracted by introducing partial reflection; the second decoupling coating is a dielectric layer and is positioned above the first decoupling coating, the second decoupling coating serves as an amplitude and phase compensator, the amplitude and phase compensation is introduced to regulate and control a decoupling frequency point and a decoupling bandwidth, the amplitude and phase compensation frequency point moves to a low frequency, finally the isolation of the antenna is effectively improved through the second decoupling coating, the decoupling performance and the impedance matching performance of the antenna are compromised, and the flexible regulation of the decoupling frequency point is realized.
Preferably, the second decoupling coating is printed with a metallic partially reflective structure to aid decoupling.
Preferably, the first decoupling coating layer is composed of a dielectric plate and a metal patch printed on the dielectric plate.
Preferably, the metal patch is a square patch or a circular patch.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a metal baffle surrounding the antenna for further optimizing the isolation at the low frequency edge, and serving as an amplitude compensator for the low frequency part.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a dual-polarized antenna has the dual-cladding decoupling structure applied to the dual-polarized antenna.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an antenna array comprises the dual-polarized antenna, and the dual-polarized antenna, together with a feed structure, a double-cladding decoupling structure and a metal baffle plate, extends outwards to form a large-scale dual-polarized MIMO antenna array.
Preferably, the dual-polarized antennas are arranged in a diagonally staggered manner or in a transverse and longitudinal manner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing antenna decoupling technology, the decoupling technology of the invention can realize wider decoupling bandwidth by introducing amplitude and phase compensation through the second decoupling coating layer.
2. Compared with the existing antenna decoupling technology, the decoupling technology can keep good antenna impedance matching, and compromise between decoupling performance and impedance matching performance is realized.
3. Compared with the existing antenna decoupling technology, the decoupling technology can be applied to dual-polarized antennas.
4. Compared with the existing antenna decoupling technology, the decoupling technology can be applied to the antenna array with compact arrangement, and the column spacing can be 0.5 wavelength or lower.
5. Compared with the prior antenna decoupling technology, the decoupling technology realizes flexible control of decoupling frequency points by introducing a second decoupling coating layer, and has high design freedom.
6. Compared with the existing antenna decoupling technology, the second decoupling coating in the decoupling technology can be selected to be a thin dielectric plate with low dielectric constant. Compared with some solutions that use a thick dielectric plate with a high dielectric constant (e.g., a thick ceramic plate) as the decoupling coating, the second decoupling coating of the present solution is easy to obtain and inexpensive, thus being more favorable for cost control of the product.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual-polarized antenna (without decoupling structure) in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dual-polarized antenna with the decoupling structure added in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph of transmission coefficients (E-plane coupling) between dual-polarized antennas in example 1 under different conditions. In this case, case 1 is without any decoupling measures (corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna described in fig. 1), case 2 is provided with a first decoupling coating on the basis of case 1, case 3 is provided with a second decoupling coating on the basis of case 2, and case 4 is provided with a metal shield on the basis of case 3 (corresponding to the dual-polarized antenna described in fig. 2).
Fig. 4 is an amplitude balance contrast diagram (with E-plane coupling as a reference) of the dual-polarized antenna before and after the decoupling measure is added step by step in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a phase balance contrast diagram (with E-plane coupling as a reference) of the dual-polarized antenna before and after the decoupling measure is added step by step in example 1.
Fig. 6 is a graph of transmission coefficients between dual polarized antennas in example 1, when only the size of the square patch in the first decoupling coating is increased.
Fig. 7 is a reflection coefficient diagram of a dual polarized antenna in example 1, when only the size of the square patch in the first decoupling coating is increased.
Fig. 8 is a graph comparing the reflection coefficients of the dual polarized antenna of example 1 before and after the application of the second decoupling coating (case 2 before the application of the second decoupling coating, case 3 after the application of the second decoupling coating).
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a dual-polarized antenna and a decoupling structure in embodiment 2.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a dual-polarized antenna and a decoupling structure in embodiment 3.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a dual-polarized antenna and a decoupling structure in embodiment 4.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a dual-polarized antenna and a decoupling structure in embodiment 5.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a dual-polarized antenna and a decoupling structure in embodiment 6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the radiator of the dual-polarized antenna unit provided in this embodiment includes four crossed dipole arms 101a to 101d and four crossed dipole arms 102a to 102d, and the crossed dipole arms are sandwiched between two adjacent crossed dipole arms. Vertical metal columns 103a-103d are hung at the tail parts of the crossed vibrator arms, and the design can realize the miniaturization of the antenna unit. The dual-polarized antenna unit is fed by the baluns 104a, 104b, each of which is printed with a hook-shaped microstrip line to realize the broadband impedance matching of the antenna. The dual polarized antenna elements are mounted on an antenna mount 105. Each antenna mount, together with the balun and the radiator, is fixed to a metal reflector plate 107 via screws 106. The antenna array in this embodiment includes 5 dual-polarized antenna units, and the antenna units are diagonally and alternately arranged.
Referring to fig. 2, a double-cladding decoupling structure is added on the basis of the antenna array shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the dual-cladding decoupling structure includes a first decoupling cladding 201, a second decoupling cladding 202, and metal barriers 203a-203 d; the first decoupling coating 201 is composed of a dielectric plate and square metal patches 204a-204e printed on the dielectric plate, and the square metal patches 204a-204e are respectively located right above the 5 dual-polarized antenna units, so that the first decoupling coating 201 forms a partial reflection surface of the antenna array. The second decoupling coating is a dielectric plate positioned over the first decoupling coating. Around each dual polarized antenna element are placed 4 vertical metal baffles 203a-203 d.
As shown in fig. 3, without any decoupling measures (corresponding to case 1), the coupling between the antennas can reach a maximum of around-14 dB, which is unacceptable for mobile communication antennas. By adding a first decoupling coating (corresponding to case 2), a decoupling frequency point (corresponding to a minimum value of the transmission coefficient) can be clearly identified. However, if the decoupling frequency is located at a higher frequency, and if the expected operating bandwidth is set to 3.4-4.2GHz, the isolation at the low frequency edge is still not ideal. The second decoupling coating (corresponding to case 3) can significantly lower the decoupling frequency so that the decoupling frequency point is located near the center frequency of the intended operating bandwidth. Finally, the metal baffle (corresponding to case 4) can further optimize the isolation at the low frequency edge.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the amplitude difference and the phase difference of the reflected wave (introduced by the decoupling structure) and the inter-antenna coupled wave are calculated and defined as an amplitude balance degree and a phase balance degree, respectively. When the amplitude balance degree is 0 and the phase balance degree is 180 degrees, the reflected wave introduced by the decoupling structure can completely cancel the coupling wave between the antennas, and the ideal antenna decoupling is realized. Fig. 4 and 5 show that the second decoupling coating can act as an amplitude and phase compensator, shifting the amplitude and phase compensation frequency point to low frequencies. The metal baffle may act as an amplitude compensator for the low frequency part.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the decoupling frequency point can be successfully reduced by increasing the size of the square metal patch in the first decoupling coating, but the cost of this operation is that the antenna impedance matching is degraded over the entire operating bandwidth.
With the addition of the second decoupling coating, as shown in figure 8, the antenna impedance matching remains at a good level throughout the operating bandwidth, without significant degradation. Therefore, compared with a decoupling scheme loaded by a single-layer partially reflecting surface, the double-layer decoupling scheme provided by the invention can well compromise the decoupling performance and the impedance matching performance. Meanwhile, the decoupling frequency point can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the first or second decoupling coating layer. The two-layer decoupling scheme provided by the present invention thus has more freedom of adjustment than the single-layer partially reflective surface loaded decoupling scheme.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 9, the difference from embodiment 1 is that the present embodiment contains more dual-polarized antenna elements, and the antenna elements, together with the feeding structure, the double-cladding decoupling structure, and the metal baffle, extend outward to form a large-scale dual-polarized MIMO antenna array.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 10, unlike embodiment 1, a metal partially reflective structure is printed on the second decoupling coating layer of this embodiment to assist decoupling.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 11, a circular patch is printed on a dielectric sheet of the first decoupling coating of the present embodiment, unlike embodiment 1.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 12, the height of the metal shutter of this embodiment is increased, unlike embodiment 1.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 13, unlike embodiment 1, the antenna unit of this embodiment is arranged in a manner that the antenna unit is arranged in a horizontal and vertical manner instead of in a diagonal staggered manner.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the changes in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A double-cladding decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna is characterized in that: including a first decoupling coating and a second decoupling coating; the first decoupling coating is positioned above the antennas and is formed into a partial reflection surface of the antennas, and a coupling field between the antennas is counteracted by introducing partial reflection; the second decoupling coating is a dielectric layer and is positioned above the first decoupling coating, the second decoupling coating serves as an amplitude and phase compensator, the amplitude and phase compensation is introduced to regulate and control a decoupling frequency point and a decoupling bandwidth, the amplitude and phase compensation frequency point moves to a low frequency, finally the isolation of the antenna is effectively improved through the second decoupling coating, the decoupling performance and the impedance matching performance of the antenna are compromised, and the flexible regulation of the decoupling frequency point is realized.
2. A double-clad decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the second decoupling coating has a metal partially reflective structure printed thereon to aid in decoupling.
3. A double-clad decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the first decoupling coating layer consists of a dielectric plate and a metal patch printed on the dielectric plate.
4. A double-clad decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the metal patch is a square patch or a round patch.
5. A double-clad decoupling structure applied to a dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the antenna also comprises a metal baffle plate, wherein the metal baffle plate surrounds the periphery of the antenna, is used for further optimizing the isolation degree at the low-frequency edge and serves as an amplitude compensator of the low-frequency part.
6. A dual polarized antenna, characterized by: the dual-polarized antenna has the double-cladding decoupling structure applied to the dual-polarized antenna, as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
7. An antenna array, comprising: the antenna array comprises a plurality of dual-polarized antennas according to claim 6, wherein the dual-polarized antennas, together with the feeding structure, the double-cladding decoupling structure and the metal baffle, extend outwards to form a massive dual-polarized MIMO antenna array.
8. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein: the dual-polarized antenna is arranged in a slant staggered manner or in a transverse and longitudinal manner.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111292980.3A CN113922050A (en) | 2021-11-03 | 2021-11-03 | Double-cladding decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna and antenna array |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111292980.3A CN113922050A (en) | 2021-11-03 | 2021-11-03 | Double-cladding decoupling structure, dual-polarized antenna and antenna array |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013175903A1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Antenna device and mimo wireless device |
| CN103985969A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for designing dielectric reflector antenna |
| CN106229656A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆大学 | Broad beam mimo antenna |
| CN111600129A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 | Novel multi-antenna system |
| CN112952378A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Decoupling structure with polarization conversion characteristic for reducing cross polarization coupling |
| CN113285239A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-20 | 湖南大学 | Decoupling reflector based on phase adjustment |
-
2021
- 2021-11-03 CN CN202111292980.3A patent/CN113922050A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013175903A1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Antenna device and mimo wireless device |
| CN103985969A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-08-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for designing dielectric reflector antenna |
| CN106229656A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 重庆大学 | Broad beam mimo antenna |
| CN111600129A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 西安朗普达通信科技有限公司 | Novel multi-antenna system |
| CN112952378A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Decoupling structure with polarization conversion characteristic for reducing cross polarization coupling |
| CN113285239A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-20 | 湖南大学 | Decoupling reflector based on phase adjustment |
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Application publication date: 20220111 |