CN108767449B - Multi-system fusion antenna based on AMC structure - Google Patents
Multi-system fusion antenna based on AMC structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108767449B CN108767449B CN201810623517.4A CN201810623517A CN108767449B CN 108767449 B CN108767449 B CN 108767449B CN 201810623517 A CN201810623517 A CN 201810623517A CN 108767449 B CN108767449 B CN 108767449B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-system fusion antenna based on an AMC structure, which comprises: the dielectric substrate comprises a first plate surface and a second plate surface, the dielectric substrate is provided with a first metal reflecting layer arranged on the first plate surface, a second metal reflecting layer arranged in the middle of the width of the second plate surface, and two AMC structures arranged on two sides of the second metal reflecting layer at intervals, and the two AMC structures are arranged on the second plate surface; the first radiation unit is arranged on the second metal reflecting layer; the second radiation unit is arranged on the second plate surface and staggered with the first radiation unit; wherein the operating frequency of the first radiating element is within the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure, and the operating frequency of the second radiating element is outside the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure. The multi-system fusion antenna based on the AMC structure can reduce the influence of surface waves on a 5G network, and is convenient for integrating the second radiation unit and the first radiation unit on the same base station antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-system fusion antenna based on an AMC structure.
Background
In modern mobile communication technology, a mobile base station is a basic unit of a mobile network, and a base station antenna directly affects the coverage of signals and the performance of the network. Particularly, after 4G/5G, base station deployment becomes more and more difficult, and multi-system converged antennas based on the AMC structure become more and more complex.
When the base station antenna develops the integration of 4G and 5G, because the frequency range is more, 690MHz-960MHz, 1.69GHz-2.69GHz, 3.3GHz-3.8GHz and 4.4GHz-5.2GHz are involved; and when the antenna frequency is more than 3GHz, the forward main lobe of the antenna has obvious ripples due to the existence of the surface wave. In particular, main lobe ripple can cause gain to decrease in some directions and side lobe to increase, thereby reducing network performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, there is a need for a multi-system converged antenna based on an AMC structure, which can reduce the influence of surface waves on a 5G network, facilitate integration of a second radiating unit and a first radiating unit on the same base station antenna, and facilitate the miniaturization development and arrangement of the base station antenna in a limited space.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, the present application provides a multi-system converged antenna based on an AMC structure, including: the dielectric substrate comprises a first plate surface and a second plate surface opposite to the first plate surface, the dielectric substrate is provided with a first metal reflecting layer arranged on the first plate surface, a second metal reflecting layer arranged on the second plate surface, and two AMC structures arranged on two sides of the second metal reflecting layer at intervals, and the two AMC structures are arranged on the second plate surface; the first antenna array can work in a 5G network mode and comprises a plurality of first radiating units arranged on the second metal reflecting layer; the second antenna array can work in a 4G network mode and comprises a plurality of second radiation units which are arranged on the second plate surface and staggered with the first radiation units; the working frequency of each first radiating element is within the forbidden band range of the AMC structure, and the working frequency of each second radiating element is outside the forbidden band range of the AMC structure; the AMC structure comprises a plurality of third metal reflecting layers and metalized through holes corresponding to the third metal reflecting layers one to one, all the third metal reflecting layers are communicated with the first metal reflecting layers through the metalized through holes, all the third metal reflecting layers are arranged above the first metal reflecting layers, and an electromagnetic coupling gap exists between every two adjacent third metal reflecting layers; the third metal reflecting layer is square, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.2, the side length W of the third metal reflecting layer is 0.08 lambda-0.13 lambda, the electromagnetic coupling gap g is 0.001 lambda-0.003 lambda, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.01 lambda-0.04 lambda, and the outer radius R of the metalized through hole is 0.005 lambda-0.007 lambda.
When the multi-system fusion antenna based on the AMC structure works, the first radiation unit can generate forward radiation and surface waves propagating along the reflecting bottom plate, and the forward radiation and the surface waves are superposed near a main lobe to generate ripples. The AMC structures are arranged on the two sides of the second metal reflecting layer, and the surface waves transmitted along the surface of the dielectric substrate are restrained by utilizing the electromagnetic stop band and the high-impedance characteristic of the AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) structure, so that the superposition influence of the surface waves on the forward radiation waves is reduced, the forward main lobe ripples are reduced, and the 5G network performance is optimized. Meanwhile, for the second radiation unit, the working frequency is not in the stop band range of the AMC structure, and the performance of the 4G network is not influenced. Therefore, the second radiating unit and the first radiating unit can be integrated on the same base station antenna, and the miniaturization development and the arrangement in a limited space of the base station antenna are facilitated.
And an electromagnetic coupling gap between two adjacent third metal reflecting layers is equivalent to a capacitor, the metalized via hole is equivalent to an inductor, the capacitor and the inductor form a resonant loop, the values of the capacitor and the inductor determine the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure, and the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure is further convenient to adjust, so that the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure comprises the working frequency of the first radiating unit but does not comprise the working frequency of the second radiating unit.
The technical solution is further explained below:
in one embodiment, the first radiating element is a patch element; the second radiation unit comprises two pairs of dipoles in cross polarization and a feed balun correspondingly supporting the dipoles, and the feed balun is arranged between the AMC structures, so that the dipoles are arranged above the AMC structures and the patch units. So set up for first radiating element staggers the setting with the second radiating element more easily, and compacter setting on the medium base plate.
In one embodiment, at least six rows of the third metal reflective layers are respectively disposed on two sides of the second metal reflective layer. A better ripple-improving effect can be obtained.
In one embodiment, the third metal reflective layer has a side length W of 0.11 λ, the electromagnetic coupling gap g is 0.002 λ, the dielectric substrate has a thickness of 0.03 λ, and the metalized via has an outer radius R of 0.006 λ.
In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate is an injection molded part. This can reduce the manufacturing cost of the base station antenna.
In one embodiment, the first metal reflective layer and the second metal reflective layer are both plated metal layers. This can reduce the manufacturing cost of the base station antenna.
In one embodiment, the second metal layer and the two AMC structures are disposed along a width direction of the second plate surface. And further, the AMC can better inhibit the surface wave propagating along the surface of the medium substrate, reduce the superposition influence of the surface wave on the forward radiation wave and reduce the forward main lobe ripple.
In one embodiment, the multi-mode hybrid antenna based on the AMC structure further includes two first side plates disposed at intervals on two sides of the second metal reflective layer, and two second side plates disposed at intervals on two sides of the second plate surface, where the first side plates are disposed between the first antenna array and the second radiation unit, and the second side plates are disposed outside the AMC structure. The first side plate and the second side plate are used for forming the boundary of the antenna and used for adjusting the directional diagram.
In one embodiment, a fourth metal reflective layer is disposed on the outer sides of the first side plate and the second side plate. And then forms a metal ground together with the first metal reflecting layer, and plays the role of a common metal reflecting plate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a multi-system converged antenna based on an AMC structure in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the base station antenna of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrical performance test curve of the multi-system converged antenna based on the AMC structure according to the embodiment.
Description of reference numerals:
100. the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, 110, a first plate surface, 120, a second plate surface, 130, a first metal reflecting layer, 140, a second metal reflecting layer, 150, an AMC structure, 152, a third metal reflecting layer, 154, a metalized via hole, 156, an electromagnetic coupling gap, 200, a first radiation unit, 300, a second radiation unit, 400, a first side plate, 500 and a second side plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to another element, it is desirable that the two elements are perpendicular, but some vertical error may exist due to manufacturing and assembly effects. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
References to "first" and "second" in this disclosure do not denote any particular order or quantity, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the multi-system converged antenna based on the AMC structure includes: a dielectric substrate 100, the dielectric substrate 100 including a first plate surface 110 and a second plate surface 120 opposite to the first plate surface 110, the dielectric substrate 100 having a first metal reflective layer 130 disposed on the first plate surface 110, a second metal reflective layer 140 disposed on the second plate surface 120, and two AMC structures 150 disposed at two sides of the second metal reflective layer 140 at intervals, the two AMC structures 150 being disposed on the second plate surface 120; a first antenna array (not labeled) capable of operating in a 5G network system, the first antenna array including a plurality of first radiating elements 200 disposed on the second metal reflective layer 140; a second antenna array (not labeled) capable of operating in a 4G network system, where the second antenna array includes a plurality of second radiation units 300 arranged on the second board surface 120 and staggered from the first radiation units 200; wherein the operating frequency of the first radiating element 200 is within the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure 150 and the operating frequency of the second radiating element 300 is outside the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure 150.
When the multi-system converged antenna based on the AMC structure operates, the first radiation unit 200 generates forward radiation and surface waves propagating along the reflection substrate, which are superimposed near the main lobe to generate ripples. By providing the AMC structures 150 on both sides of the second metal reflective layer 140, the surface waves propagating along the surface of the dielectric substrate 100 are suppressed by using the electromagnetic stopband and high impedance characteristics of the AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) structure, so that the superposition influence of the surface waves on the forward radiation waves is reduced, the forward main lobe ripple is reduced, and the 5G network performance is optimized. Meanwhile, for the second radiating element 300, its operating frequency is not within the stopband range of the AMC structure 150, and does not affect the 4G network performance. Therefore, the second radiation unit 300 and the first radiation unit 200 can be integrated on the same base station antenna, and the miniaturization development and the arrangement in a limited space of the base station antenna are facilitated under the condition that the radiation performance of the antenna is improved.
It should be noted that the first radiation unit 200 is a radiation unit capable of meeting the requirements of a 5G mobile network; the second radiation unit 300 refers to a radiation unit capable of meeting the requirements of a 4G mobile network; the first metal reflective layer 130, the second metal reflective layer 140 and the third metal reflective layer can be disposed on corresponding positions by using the prior art, such as electroplating, printing and developing.
Specifically, the operating frequency of the first radiation unit 200 is 3.3GHz-3.8GHz or 4.4GHz-5.2GHz, and the operating frequency of the second radiation unit 300 is 690MHz-960MHz or 1.69GHz-2.69 GHz; the AMC structure 150 has a forbidden bandwidth greater than 3 GHz. Of course, the first and second radiation units 200 and 300 may have other operating frequencies, including but not limited to the above range.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second metal reflective layer 140 is disposed in the middle of the width of the second plate 120.
The first radiation unit 200 may be a common dipole or patch unit, is disposed in the middle of the reflective substrate, and includes a power division network connecting them; the second radiating element 300 is a common dipole and may be placed between or at both sides of the first radiating element 200 or on both sides of the AMC structure 150 layer.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first radiation unit 200 is a patch unit (not labeled); the second radiating element 300 is a cross-polarized pair of dipoles (not labeled) and a feed balun (not labeled) corresponding to the supported dipole, the feed balun (not labeled) being disposed between the AMC structure 150 such that the dipoles are disposed on the AMC structure 150 and the patch element. The first radiating unit 200 and the second radiating unit 300 are arranged in a staggered manner, and are arranged on the dielectric substrate 100 in a staggered manner at intervals in the longitudinal direction, so that the first radiating unit 200 and the second radiating unit 300 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 100 in a more compact manner, and the miniaturization development of the base station antenna is facilitated.
It should be noted that "the feeding balun (not labeled) is disposed between the AMC structures 150" means that the feeding balun is directly fixed on the dielectric substrate and not directly fixed on the AMC structure, and then the AMC structure is disposed around the outer edge of the feeding balun. The AMC structure may or may not be in contact with the feeding balun, and is not limited herein.
On the basis of any of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the AMC structure 150 includes a plurality of third metal reflective layers 152 and metalized vias 154 corresponding to the third metal reflective layers 152 one to one, all the third metal reflective layers 152 are conducted with the first metal reflective layer 130 through the metalized vias 154, and all the third metal reflective layers 152 are disposed above the first metal reflective layer 130, and an electromagnetic coupling gap 156 exists between all adjacent two third metal reflective layers 152. The electromagnetic coupling gap 156 between two adjacent third metal reflective layers 152 is equivalent to a capacitor, and the metalized via 154 is equivalent to an inductor, so that the capacitor and the inductor form a resonant loop, and the values of the capacitor and the inductor determine the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure 150, thereby facilitating adjustment of the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure 150, so that the forbidden bandwidth of the AMC structure 150 includes the operating frequency of the first radiation unit 200, but does not include the operating frequency of the second radiation unit 300.
Furthermore, at least six rows of third metal reflective layers 152 are respectively disposed on two sides of the second metal reflective layer 140. Thus, a better ripple improvement effect can be obtained.
Further, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 100 is 4.2, the side length W of the third metal reflective layer 152 is 0.08 λ -0.13 λ, the electromagnetic coupling gap 156g is 0.001 λ -0.003 λ, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 is 0.01 λ -0.04 λ, and the outer radius R of the metalized via 154 is 0.005 λ -0.007 λ. In this range, the effect of improving the ripple is best and stable, and the overall performance of the base station antenna is also best. In an embodiment, the side length W of the third metal reflective layer 152 is 0.11 λ, the electromagnetic coupling gap 156g is 0.002 λ, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 is 0.03 λ, and the outer radius R of the metalized via 154 is 0.006 λ, as shown in fig. 4. The abscissa in fig. 4 represents the angle in the horizontal plane, the ordinate represents the main polarization parameter, the dotted line represents the performance curves of the conventional 4G and 5G base station antennas, and the solid line represents the performance curve of the base station antenna of the present application. And λ is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of the working frequency band of the first radiation unit.
In any of the above embodiments, the dielectric substrate 100 is an injection molded part, and the first metal reflective layer 130 and the second metal reflective layer 140 are both plated metal layers. The dielectric substrate 100 can be manufactured through an integrated forming technology, has better strength, is convenient for post processing, and can reduce the manufacturing cost of the base station antenna.
Specifically, the second metal layer and the two AMC structures 150 are disposed along the width direction of the second plate surface 120. Further, the AMC can better suppress a surface wave propagating along the surface of the dielectric substrate 100, reduce the influence of the surface wave on the superposition of the forward radiation wave, and reduce the forward main lobe ripple.
On the basis of any of the above embodiments, the multi-mode hybrid antenna based on the AMC structure further includes two first side plates 400 disposed at intervals on two sides of the second metal reflective layer 140, and two second side plates 500 disposed at intervals on two sides of the second plate surface 120, where the first side plates 400 are disposed between the first antenna array and the second radiation unit 300, and the second side plates 500 are disposed outside the AMC structure 150. The first side plate 400 and the second side plate 500 form a boundary of the antenna for adjusting a directional pattern.
Further, a fourth metal reflective layer (not shown) is disposed on the outer sides of the first side plate 400 and the second side plate 500. And further forms a metal ground together with the first metal reflective layer 130 to function as a general metal reflective plate.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-system fusion antenna based on AMC structure is characterized in that the antenna comprises:
the dielectric substrate comprises a first plate surface and a second plate surface opposite to the first plate surface, the dielectric substrate is provided with a first metal reflecting layer arranged on the first plate surface, a second metal reflecting layer arranged on the second plate surface, and two AMC structures arranged on two sides of the second metal reflecting layer at intervals, and the two AMC structures are arranged on the second plate surface;
the first antenna array can work in a 5G network mode and comprises a plurality of first radiating units arranged on the second metal reflecting layer; and
the second antenna array can work in a 4G network mode and comprises a plurality of second radiation units which are arranged on the second plate surface and staggered with the first radiation units;
the working frequency of each first radiating element is within the forbidden band range of the AMC structure, and the working frequency of each second radiating element is outside the forbidden band range of the AMC structure;
the AMC structure comprises a plurality of third metal reflecting layers and metalized through holes corresponding to the third metal reflecting layers one to one, all the third metal reflecting layers are communicated with the first metal reflecting layers through the metalized through holes, all the third metal reflecting layers are arranged above the first metal reflecting layers, and an electromagnetic coupling gap exists between every two adjacent third metal reflecting layers;
the third metal reflecting layer is square, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.2, the side length W of the third metal reflecting layer is 0.08 lambda-0.13 lambda, the electromagnetic coupling gap g is 0.001 lambda-0.003 lambda, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.01 lambda-0.04 lambda, and the outer radius R of the metalized through hole is 0.005 lambda-0.007 lambda; and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of the working frequency band of the first radiation unit.
2. The AMC structure-based multi-mode converged antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first radiating element is a patch element; the second radiation unit comprises two pairs of dipoles in cross polarization and a feed balun correspondingly supporting the dipoles, and the feed balun is arranged between the AMC structures, so that the dipoles are arranged above the AMC structures and the patch units.
3. The multi-mode hybrid antenna based on AMC structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least six rows of the third metal reflective layers are respectively disposed on two sides of the second metal reflective layer.
4. The multi-mode hybrid antenna based on AMC structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third metal reflective layer has a side length W of 0.11 λ, the electromagnetic coupling gap g is 0.002 λ, the dielectric substrate has a thickness of 0.03 λ, and the metalized via has an outer radius R of 0.006 λ.
5. The AMC structure based multi-mode converged antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is an injection molded part.
6. The multi-mode converged antenna based on an AMC structure according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic reflective layer and the second metallic reflective layer are both plated metal layers.
7. The multi-mode converged antenna based on AMC structures according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second metal layer and two AMC structures are arranged along a width direction of the second plate surface.
8. The AMC structure-based multi-mode hybrid antenna according to claim 7, further comprising two first side plates disposed at intervals on two sides of the second metal reflective layer, and two second side plates disposed at intervals on two sides of the second plate surface, wherein the first side plates are disposed between the first antenna array and the second radiation unit, and the second side plates are disposed outside the AMC structure.
9. The AMC structure-based multi-mode hybrid antenna according to claim 8, wherein a fourth metal reflective layer is disposed on the outer side of each of the first side plate and the second side plate.
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| CN111370861B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 南通大学 | Low-profile broadband dual-mode compressed dipole antenna |
| US20210391657A1 (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-16 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Antenna, multi-band antenna and antenna tuning method |
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