CN113919529A - Environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment travel - Google Patents

Environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment travel Download PDF

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CN113919529A
CN113919529A CN202111142292.9A CN202111142292A CN113919529A CN 113919529 A CN113919529 A CN 113919529A CN 202111142292 A CN202111142292 A CN 202111142292A CN 113919529 A CN113919529 A CN 113919529A
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马捷
王牵莲
陈景旭
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention establishes an environmental impact evaluation method for online car booking travel, which is used for evaluating the impact of the online car booking travel on the traffic environment in an urban road network. The invention establishes a shared network model which accords with the characteristics of modern city shared traffic from the aspects of network constraint and travel cost. The invention provides a traffic distribution problem based on road section flow and an environment cost function according with motor vehicle pollution characteristics, and the traffic distribution problem and the environment cost function can be combined to predict the traffic condition and the environment influence of the online taxi appointment trip in the urban traffic network. By the invention, relevant departments can know the influence of networked taxi appointment travel on urban environment more carefully, so that timely and effective management measures are taken, and powerful support is provided for building modern urban traffic with sustainable development.

Description

Environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment travel
Technical Field
The invention relates to an environmental impact evaluation method, in particular to an environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment traveling.
Background
With the promotion of the process of motorization and urbanization, the traffic problems of large and medium-sized cities in China are increasingly serious. Among them, environmental pollution has been a major concern for traffic managers and urban residents. In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile communication technology, a shared travel method such as network car reservation and windward driving has become one of the main methods for urban residents to travel. Many researches show that the drivers do not need to take passengers around the roads and send the passengers because the origin-destination points of the drivers and the passengers are the same, and the environmental pollution in the urban road network can be effectively reduced when the drivers travel along the windmill. The origin-destination points of the driver and the passengers in the travel of the net car booking are different, and the driver can generate extra environmental cost when receiving and sending the passengers by way of a route, so that the influence of the travel mode of the net car booking on the traffic environment is difficult to determine.
A method for evaluating the influence of tail gas emission of a motor vehicle on human health (application No. 202110261830.X) includes building a database according to traffic data, motor vehicle data, meteorological data and health data of an area to be evaluated, calculating pollutant concentration data by using a pollutant diffusion distribution model on the basis, calculating crowd pollutant exposure parameters by using a crowd pollutant exposure model, and accordingly building a health risk evaluation model and quantifying the influence of the tail gas emission of the motor vehicle on human health. An ecological index-based urban traffic operation evaluation method (application number 201911419439.7) defines the minimum directed road section and ecological cost in an urban road network, calculates ecological indexes of the minimum directed road section, the directed path and the directed path set in the urban road network, and optimizes and adjusts an urban traffic operation scheme based on the ecological indexes to improve urban traffic. Both of these prior inventions consider the sustainable development of urban traffic systems, but neither considers emerging shared travel patterns.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention provides a method for evaluating the environmental influence of network car-booking travel in an urban road network, which establishes a shared network model according with the modern urban shared traffic characteristics and predicts the traffic flow of network car-booking travel in the urban traffic network based on the model. On the basis, the invention designs an environmental cost function according to the pollution characteristics of the motor vehicle, and the environmental cost function is used for predicting and evaluating the influence of the networked car appointment trip on the environment in the urban road network. . The method can help relevant departments to make a more clear about the influence of the taxi appointment travel on the urban environment, and timely and effective measures are taken, so that powerful support is provided for building modern urban traffic with sustainable development.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides an environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment travel, which comprises the following steps:
1) according to the existing urban road network, a shared network model which accords with the characteristics of modern urban shared traffic is constructed. The specific process is as follows:
step 1: and acquiring and inputting the topological structure, the trip mode and the trip demand of the urban road network.
The topological structure (N, A) of the urban road network comprises the connection condition and specific information of directed road sections a belonging to A and nodes N belonging to N, and can be obtained by looking up a map. Where a is a set of directed links and N is a set of road nodes. The topological structure of the urban road network can be stored in software in the modes of an adjacency matrix, an adjacency list and the like.
According to the characteristics of modern city shared traffic, the travel mode in the urban road network is divided into three parts: the system comprises an empty driver (SD) which is driven independently, a net car booking driver (SD) which has passengers in the car and a net car booking passenger (R) which takes the net car booking. I represents a set of travel modes, SD represents a set of empty drivers driving independently, RD represents a set of network car booking drivers with passengers in the car, R represents a set of network car booking passengers taking the network car booking, and I is SD and RD. Within the sets SD, RD and R, the travel modes may be further divided into more detailed modes according to the specific situation of the passengers who take the taxi appointment with the network.
Travel demand q in urban road networkwOccurs at the beginning and ends at the end. The set of origin and destination points are respectively denoted by O, D, and the origin and destination points where travel demands exist form the OD pairs W ∈ W in the network.
Step 2: and establishing traffic flow constraint and co-riding matching constraint which accord with the travel characteristics of the net appointment vehicle.
Traffic flow constraint
The traffic flow in an urban road network may be represented as:
Figure BDA0003284412080000021
Figure BDA0003284412080000022
Figure BDA0003284412080000023
in the formula xa，iA traffic representing travel pattern i on road section a;
Figure BDA0003284412080000024
the traffic of a travel mode i between OD pairs w on the road section a is represented;
Figure BDA0003284412080000025
indicating the flow between OD and w on segment a.
OUT (-) denotes a set of directed links starting from a certain node, and IN (-) denotes a set of directed links ending at a certain node. For a starting point O epsilon and an end point D epsilon in the urban road network, respectively:
Figure BDA0003284412080000026
Figure BDA0003284412080000027
for a road node N belonging to a non-origin point and a non-destination point in an urban road network, N \ O, D comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003284412080000028
the following flow relationships are provided at the non-origin and non-destination road nodes:
Figure BDA0003284412080000031
in the formula, N \ O and D represent a non-origin and destination road node set.
② co-multiplication matching constraint
Figure BDA0003284412080000032
In the formular(i) Indicating that net car reservation driver i e RD is mapped to corresponding net car reservation passenger, i.e. gammar:RD→R，NiThe number of passengers carried in the vehicle by the net appointment driver i is indicated.
Step 3: and calculating the travel cost of travelers in the urban road network.
According to the characteristics of modern city shared traffic, the travel cost of travelers is mainly divided into three parts: time cost, inconvenience cost, and ride-share fee.
Figure BDA0003284412080000033
Mid-range traffic vector
Figure BDA0003284412080000034
Travel cost of a traveler representing travel pattern i between OD and w on road segment a, as a function of x;
Figure BDA0003284412080000035
representing travel time of travelers on section a, function ta(. about)
Figure BDA0003284412080000036
Strictly monotonically increasing empirical functions; alpha is alphaiRepresenting the time value of travel mode i，βiAn inconvenience coefficient representing a trip pattern i; b isa，iRepresenting the basic charge collected (paid) by a road section a online car booking driver i e R (online car booking passenger i e R); m isiA price float parameter representing travel pattern i.
The co-multiplication network model consists of the topology, trip mode and trip demand in step1, the constraints in step2 and the trip cost in step 3.
2) Based on the principle of sharing users for balance, a variational inequality model is established, and the traffic of the network car appointment trip in the urban traffic network is predicted.
Find x*∈ΩRUESatisfies the formula:
Figure BDA0003284412080000037
in the formula of omegaRUERepresenting a feasible set of x, namely a set of road segment flows meeting traffic flow constraints and co-multiplication matching constraints; travel cost vector
Figure BDA0003284412080000038
c(x*) Denotes x ═ x*The value of (c) is shown.
The solving process of the variational inequality model can use the existing solver, such as a PATH solver of software GAMS; a suitable convergence algorithm, such as an adaptive projection algorithm, may also be used. And predicting the flow distribution condition of the urban road network in a balanced state through solving.
3) And establishing an environment cost function for predicting the influence of the taxi appointment travel on the urban environment.
According to the pollution characteristics of the motor vehicle, the following environmental cost function is established by combining the existing research literature:
TEC(x)＝e(x)TV(x)
Figure BDA0003284412080000041
in the formula TEC(x) Representing the environmental cost in the entire urban road network, as a function of x;
Figure BDA0003284412080000042
representing an environmental cost vector in an urban road network, ea(. -) represents the environmental cost incurred on road segment a, as a function of x; l isaThe length of the road section a is represented, and the free stream journey time t can be measured by a floating car method in actual operationa,0And according to the free flow velocity v of the floating cara,0And formula Ls＝va,0ta,0And (6) performing calculation. V (x) represents a vehicle traffic vector in the urban road network, i.e. a sum vector of the traffic of empty drivers and the traffic of net taxi drivers.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides an environmental impact evaluation method for network car booking travel, which predicts the flow distribution condition of an urban road network in a shared user balanced state, designs an environmental cost function according to the pollution characteristic of a motor vehicle and is used for evaluating the impact of the network car booking travel in the urban road network on the environment. By applying the invention, relevant departments can more clearly determine the influence of the taxi appointment travel on the urban environment, so that timely and effective management measures are taken, and a modern urban traffic system capable of sustainable development is built. The invention has the following advantages: the influence of the online taxi appointment travel on the urban environment is innovatively researched, and the research difficulty is increased and the method is more challenging due to the fact that the starting points and the destination points of a driver and passengers are inconsistent; secondly, an environment cost function which accords with the characteristics of urban shared traffic is established, and the influence of the travel mode on the urban road environment is quantized.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a topological structure of a target urban road network.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an environmental impact evaluation method for online taxi appointment traveling, which comprises the following processes as shown in figure 1:
1) and constructing a shared network model according with the characteristics of the modern city shared traffic according to the target city road network. The specific process is as follows:
step 1: and acquiring and inputting the topological structure, the trip mode and the trip demand of the target urban road network.
And dividing the target city area into a plurality of traffic cells according to the geographic position and the traffic elements. Each traffic cell can be used as a starting point of a trip and also can be used as an end point of the trip. The origin and destination collections are individually identified at O, D. Origin and destination points where travel demands exist form an OD pair W, and the set of OD pairs in the network is denoted by W. The travel requirement q exists between OD and ww。
By referring to the map, the topology (N, a) of the target urban road network is obtained. Each traffic cell acts as a node in the topology, denoted by n. The set of nodes is denoted by N. The urban roads connecting the traffic cells are represented by a as directed road segments in the topological structure. The set of directed links is denoted by a. The topological structure of the urban road network can be stored by means of an adjacency matrix, an adjacency list and the like.
Travel demand qwThe method can be obtained by traditional methods such as trip demand investigation and OD demand reverse deduction, and can also be obtained by combining emerging methods such as an intelligent traffic monitoring system, mobile phone signaling and GPS.
The travel pattern in the target urban road network is denoted by i. The set of travel patterns is denoted I. The travel modes in the network include an empty driver driving alone, a net car booking driver with passengers in the car and a net car booking passenger taking the net car booking, which are respectively expressed as i belongs to SD, i belongs to RD and i belongs to R.
After arrangement, the topological structure of the target urban road network is shown in fig. 2. There are 24 nodes, 76 segments, and 528 OD pairs in the road network. Travel patterns in the road network are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 travel modes of target urban road network
Figure BDA0003284412080000051
Step 2: and establishing traffic flow constraint and co-multiplication matching constraint which accord with the shared travel characteristics.
Traffic flow constraint
Figure BDA0003284412080000052
Figure BDA0003284412080000053
Figure BDA0003284412080000054
Figure BDA0003284412080000055
Figure BDA0003284412080000061
Figure BDA0003284412080000062
Figure BDA0003284412080000063
② co-multiplication matching constraint
Figure BDA0003284412080000064
Step 3: and calculating the travel cost of the travelers in the target urban road network.
Through earlier stage investigation, values of various parameters in the target urban road network are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 values of various parameters in a target urban road network
Figure BDA0003284412080000065
The travel cost in the target road network is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0003284412080000066
Figure BDA0003284412080000067
the specific calculation function of (2) is:
Figure BDA0003284412080000068
in the formula ta,0The free stream journey time of the road section a can be obtained by a floating car method; y isaThe capacity of the road section a can be obtained by visiting a design unit or consulting related data.
2) Based on the principle of sharing users for balance, a variational inequality model is established, and the traffic of the network car appointment trip in the urban traffic network is predicted.
Find x*∈ΩRUESatisfies the formula:
Figure BDA0003284412080000071
ΩRUEthe feasible set of x is represented, i.e., the set of road segment flows that satisfy traffic flow constraints and co-product matching constraints. Travel cost vector
Figure BDA0003284412080000072
c(x*) Denotes x ═ x*The value of (c) is shown.
And solving the variational inequality by using a self-adaptive projection algorithm. Table 3 gives miAnd when the traffic distribution condition of the target urban road network is 0.1, the traffic distribution condition is under the condition of sharing users.
TABLE 3 traffic distribution for target urban road network
Figure BDA0003284412080000073
3) And establishing an environment cost function for evaluating the influence of the network car booking travel on the target city environment.
Obtaining free stream travel time t by floating car methoda,0Calculating the road section length La＝va,0ta,0Wherein v isa,0The value is 60km/h for the free stream velocity. According to the pollution characteristics of the motor vehicle, the following environmental cost function is established by combining the existing research literature:
TEC(x)＝e(x)TV(x)
Figure BDA0003284412080000074
table 4 shows m respectivelyiThe influence of the online car reservation trip with different values on the target city environment is compared with the traditional user balance state (namely, the online car reservation trip does not exist in the urban road network, and only an empty driver SD is available).
TABLE 4 influence of network appointment vehicle travel environment of target urban road network
Figure BDA0003284412080000081
From Table 4, when mi0.1 and miWhen the traffic information is equal to 0.05, the network appointment vehicle trip generates certain negative influence on the environment of the target urban road network; and m isiWhen the traffic information is 0.01, the network appointment vehicle travels to promote the network environment of the target urban road.
The invention also provides an environmental impact evaluation device for the online car booking travel, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor realizes the steps of the environmental impact evaluation method for the online car booking travel when executing the computer program.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for evaluating environmental impact on taxi-taking and taxi-booking travel.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method for evaluating environmental influence of online taxi appointment traveling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing a shared network model according with the urban shared traffic characteristics according to the urban road network;
2) on the basis of a common-riding user balance principle, a variational inequality model is established, and the traffic of the urban traffic network for the taxi-booking and trip is predicted;
3) and establishing an environment cost function for evaluating the influence of the online taxi appointment travel on the urban environment, wherein the larger the environment cost is, the larger the damage influence on the urban environment is.
2. The method for evaluating environmental impact on online taxi appointment travel according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step 1) is as follows:
step 1: obtaining topological structure, trip mode and trip demand of urban road network
The topological structure of the urban road network is (N, A), wherein A is a set of directed road segments, and N is a set of road nodes;
the method comprises the following steps that a set I of a trip mode in an urban road network is SD, RD and R, wherein SD represents a set of empty drivers with the trip mode of driving alone, RD represents a set of network car booking drivers with passengers in a car, and R represents a set of network car booking passengers with the trip mode of taking the network car booking;
travel demand q of urban road networkwStarting from a starting point and ending at an end point, wherein the set of the starting point and the end point is represented by O, D respectively, the starting point and the end point with travel demands form an OD (origin-destination) set W in the urban road network, and W belongs to W;
step 2: establishing traffic flow constraint and co-taking matching constraint according with network appointment vehicle travel characteristics
Traffic flow constraints are expressed as:
Figure FDA0003284412070000011
Figure FDA0003284412070000012
Figure FDA0003284412070000013
in the formula xa，iA traffic representing travel pattern i on road section a;
Figure FDA0003284412070000014
the traffic of a travel mode i between OD pairs w on the road section a is represented;
Figure FDA0003284412070000015
representing the flow between OD and w on the section a;
for a starting point O epsilon and an end point D epsilon in the urban road network, respectively:
Figure FDA0003284412070000016
Figure FDA0003284412070000017
IN the formula, OUT (-) represents a directed link set with "·" as a starting point, and IN (-) represents a directed link set with "·" as an end point;
for the non-origin and non-destination road nodes in the urban road network, the following steps are provided:
Figure FDA0003284412070000018
in the formula, N \ O and D represent a non-origin and destination road node set;
the following flow relationships are provided at the non-origin and non-destination road nodes:
Figure FDA0003284412070000021
the co-product matching constraint is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003284412070000022
in the formular(i) Indicating that net car booking driver i machine is mapped to corresponding net car booking passenger, i.e. gammar：RD→R，NiThe number of passengers carried in the vehicle of the online taxi appointment driver i is represented;
step 3: calculating trip cost of travelers in urban road network
According to the characteristics of urban shared traffic, the travel cost of a traveler comprises time cost, inconvenience cost and shared riding cost, and is represented as follows:
Figure FDA0003284412070000023
mid-range traffic vector
Figure FDA0003284412070000024
Figure FDA0003284412070000025
Travel cost of a traveler representing travel pattern i between OD and w on road segment a, as a function of x;
Figure FDA0003284412070000026
representing travel time of travelers on section a, function ta(. about)
Figure FDA0003284412070000027
Strictly monotonically increasing empirical functions; alpha is alphaiRepresents the time value, beta, of travel pattern iiAn inconvenience coefficient representing a trip pattern i; b isa，iRepresenting the basic charge collected/paid by the road section a online car booking driver i/online car booking passenger i; m isiA price floating parameter representing a travel mode i;
step 4: the co-multiplication network model consists of the topology, trip mode and trip demand in step1, the constraints in step2 and the trip cost in step 3.
3. The method for evaluating environmental impact on online taxi appointment travel according to claim 2, wherein the step 2) is as follows:
find x*∈ΩRUSatisfies the formula:
Figure FDA0003284412070000028
in the formula of omegaRURepresenting a feasible set of x, namely a set of road segment flows meeting traffic flow constraints and co-multiplication matching constraints; travel cost vector
Figure FDA0003284412070000029
c(x*) Denotes x ═ x*The value of (c) is shown.
4. The method for evaluating environmental impact on online taxi appointment travel according to claim 3, wherein the environmental cost function established in the step 3) is as follows:
TEC(x)＝e(x)TV(x)
Figure FDA0003284412070000031
in the formula TEC(x) Representing the environmental cost in the entire urban road network, as a function of x;
Figure FDA0003284412070000032
representing an environmental cost vector in an urban road network, ea(. cndot.) represents the environmental cost incurred on road segment a, as a function of x,
Figure FDA0003284412070000033
Larepresents the length of the section a; v (x) represents a vehicle traffic vector in the urban road network, i.e. a sum vector of the traffic of empty drivers and the traffic of net taxi drivers.
5. An environmental impact evaluation device for a car-booking travel on the internet, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the method for evaluating environmental impact on a car-booking travel on the internet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
6. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for evaluating environmental impact on a net appointment trip according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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