CN113919171B - Online power grid fault plan generation method considering steady-state power flow state - Google Patents
Online power grid fault plan generation method considering steady-state power flow state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a generation method of an online power grid fault plan considering a steady-state power flow state, which comprises the following steps: acquiring power grid state estimation section data or off-line typical mode data, and forming initial operation mode data from the power grid state estimation section data or the off-line typical mode data; setting faults of a plurality of devices, and incorporating the faults into an online plan fault set; performing medium-long time domain simulation analysis by combining data of an initial operation mode and a preset fault set to obtain steady-state power flow and steady-state frequency after faults, calculating safety margin and power flow transfer ratio from simulation results, acquiring safety control action information after the faults, and judging whether the safety margin meets requirements; if the safety margin does not meet the requirement, calculating measure control performance indexes according to the fault reasons by combining the whole network equipment, enumerating and combining the measure control performance indexes according to the measure control performance indexes to form an adjustment measure sequence, and solving the treatment key points after the fault, wherein the control cost of the treatment key points is minimum and meets the safety requirement; and if the safety margin meets the requirement, forming an E file.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid safety, in particular to a generation method of an online power grid fault plan considering a steady state power flow state.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, china forms a power grid structure with high-capacity direct current western electric east delivery and high-proportion new energy access characteristics, and the internal connection of the power grid is becoming compact. Particularly, the high-proportion new energy is connected, so that the running mode of the power grid is changed frequently, and the safety and stable running of a large power grid can be severely tested when serious faults of alternating current and direct current occur. Meanwhile, extreme weather disasters often occur in the southeast coastal region, and the power failure risk is high. By combining the real-time data of the power grid and considering the sources of various fault data, the online generation of the fault plans can effectively improve the risk prevention and control capability of the power grid dispatching control system on serious faults, particularly sudden faults, and assist the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
At present, in order to prevent major safety accidents, reduce load loss and power failure influence, an electric power regulation and control operation department can formulate an offline fault emergency treatment plan according to the annual typical mode data of the power grid. However, since the offline fault handling plan has large calculation workload and the automatic handling means for the power grid operation mode evaluation result after the fault is deficient, the fault handling plan cannot be generated according to the specification, so that the offline fault handling plan has poor adaptability and cannot meet the scheduling operation requirement.
Thus, the following deficiencies exist mainly in existing fault handling plan calculations: 1) The offline fault handling scheme adopts the annual typical mode data calculation, and has poor adaptability to a specific operation mode or sudden faults; 2) The offline fault handling scheme needs to calculate faults of the power grid N-1 and part of N-2, is large in calculation workload and easy to make mistakes, and is not suitable for the requirements of the existing rapid regulation and control operation decision; 3) The offline fault handling scheme can only indicate a direction for the handling gist and cannot be quantified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a generation method of an online power grid fault plan considering a steady-state power flow state, which can generate the fault plan for faults, simulate the influence generated by the faults and generate corresponding treatment measures. And the generated fault plans are quicker and better in adaptability and can be quantized compared with the fault plans in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for generating an online power grid fault plan considering a steady state power flow state, comprising:
Step S1: acquiring power grid state estimation section data or off-line typical mode data, and checking whether the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance contained in the data reach the standard or not, wherein the data of the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance reach the standard is used as the data of an initial operation mode of on-line fault plan calculation;
Step S2: setting fault data of a plurality of devices, incorporating the fault data into an online plan fault set, and establishing a plan summary information storage model of plan ID-plan coding-fault plan name-compiling time for each fault data;
Step S3: performing medium-long time domain simulation analysis by combining the data of the initial operation mode and the preset fault set to obtain steady-state power flow and steady-state frequency after faults, calculating safety margin and power flow transfer ratio from simulation results, acquiring safety control action information after the faults, and judging whether the safety margin meets requirements or not;
Step S4: if the safety margin does not meet the requirement, calculating measure control performance indexes according to the fault reasons and combining the whole network equipment, enumerating and combining the measure control performance indexes according to the measure control performance indexes to form an adjustment measure sequence, and solving the treatment key points after the fault, which have the minimum control cost and meet the safety requirement, from the adjustment measure sequence;
Step S5: and if the safety margin meets the requirement, forming an E file according to the data of the initial operation mode, the trend change and influence after the fault, the safety control action information after the fault and the disposal key points after the fault, and according to the outline information of the plan, the initial operation mode of the plan, the action of the safety automatic device of the plan, the operation mode and influence after the fault of the plan and the disposal measure of the fault of the plan.
Optionally, in the generating method, in step S1, the method for determining the active data balance and the reactive data balance and the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage includes:
judging that the active power deviation of a single node reaches a set value;
judging that the reactive power deviation of a single node reaches a set value;
Judging that the active balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network reaches a set value;
judging that the reactive power balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network reaches a set value; and
And judging that the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage reaches a set value.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating the active power deviation of the single node is:
Wherein: ΔP j is the active power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude of node j, P Gj is the active power of the generator of node j, P Lj is the active power of the load of node j, G pj is the active power of the parallel admittance load of node j, P jk is the active power value flowing from the j side to the k side in devices j-k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating the reactive power deviation of the single node is:
ΔQj＝QGj-QLj+Gvj·Vj 2-∑k∈ΩQjk；
Wherein: Δq j is the reactive power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude at node j, Q Gj is the reactive power of the generator at node j, Q Lj is the reactive power of the load at node j, G vj is the reactive power of the parallel admittance load at node i, Q jk is the reactive power value from side j to side k in the device j-k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage data is as follows:
Wherein: Δρ i is the voltage qualification rate of the machine end of the machine set i, V Gi is the machine end voltage of the machine set i given in the data, and V Gbase is the reference voltage value of the machine set.
Optionally, in the generating method, the source of the fault data includes: the grid annual offline fault handling protocol has specified a fault set, a manually added temporary fault set, and a fault set provided by a third party system.
Optionally, in the generating method, simulation parameters related to the medium-long time domain simulation in step S3 include: the method comprises the following steps of a unit primary frequency modulation characteristic, a direct current transmission system dynamic response model, a reactive voltage control and protection model, a FACTS device dynamic model, a second three-line defense control strategy, wind power and photovoltaic new energy frequency, a voltage protection constant value and other power automatic device response processes.
Optionally, in the generating method, the conditions that the steady state power flow and the steady state frequency after the fault meet include:
and judging through quasi-steady state in the tail period time T of the medium-long time domain simulation.
Optionally, in the generating method, the method of quasi-steady state discrimination is that the following three conditions are simultaneously satisfied in each time interval Δt in the tail period time T:
ΔεG≥|MAX.δGi-MIN.δGi|＝Δδ,i＝1,2,3…,SG；
Δεf≥|MAX.fBi-MIN.fBi|＝Δf,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Δεv≥|MAX.VBi-MIN.VBi|＝ΔV,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Wherein: max, δ Gi is the maximum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, min, δ Gi is the minimum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, S G is the number of units, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference, Δε G is the threshold value for the set power angle fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment, max.f Bi is the maximum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, min.f Bi is the minimum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, S B is the number of buses, Δf is the maximum frequency difference, Δε f is the threshold value for the set frequency fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment; max.v Bi、MIN.VBi represents the maximum and minimum voltages of bus B in Δt, Δv is the maximum voltage difference, and Δε v is the threshold value for the set voltage fluctuation range quasi-steady state judgment.
Optionally, in the generating method, the conditions that the steady state power flow and the steady state frequency after the fault meet further include: in the whole time period for performing the quasi-steady state judgment, the adjacent time interval windows delta T and delta T' meet that the maximum variation of the previous time window is larger than or equal to the maximum variation of the next time window, and the following formula is adopted:
wherein, Δt is the previous time period selected as the observation window according to the simulation duration, Δt 'is the next time period of the observation window, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference of the previous time period, Δδ' is the maximum power angle difference of the next time period, Δf is the maximum frequency difference of the previous time period, Δf 'is the maximum frequency difference of the next time period, Δv is the maximum voltage difference of the previous time period, and Δv' is the maximum voltage of the next time period.
Optionally, in the generating method, the safety margin includes: ac line safety margin, transformer safety margin, bus voltage safety margin, and steady state frequency safety margin.
Optionally, in the generating method, the method for judging whether the safety margin meets the requirement includes: and if the values of the safety margin of the alternating current line, the safety margin of the transformer, the safety margin of the bus voltage and the safety margin of the steady-state frequency are all within 0-100, the safety margin is considered to meet the requirements, otherwise, the safety margin is considered to not meet the requirements.
Optionally, in the generating method, a calculation formula of the safety margin of the ac line and the transformer is:
wherein eta L is the overload safety margin of the alternating current line, and I real is the actual injection current of the alternating current line; i N is the rated current of the ac line, η T is the overload safety margin of the transformer, S real is the actual power of the transformer, U real is the actual voltage of the transformer, S N is the rated power of the transformer, and U N is the rated voltage of the transformer.
Optionally, in the generating method, a calculation formula of the bus voltage safety margin is:
Wherein η B is a normal safety margin of the bus voltage, η B.H is an upper safety margin of the bus voltage, η B.L is a lower safety margin of the bus voltage, V real is an actual operation voltage of the bus, V H is an upper voltage limit of the bus, and V L is a lower voltage limit of the bus.
Optionally, in the generating method, the calculation formula of the steady-state frequency safety margin is:
Where η F is a steady-state frequency safety margin, η F.H is an upper limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, η F.L is a lower limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, f real is steady-state frequency after failure, f H is an upper limit for grid frequency allowable offset, and f L is a lower limit for grid frequency allowable offset.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating the power flow transfer ratio is:
Where Δε is the flow transfer ratio, P after is the post-fault tidal flow, P before is the pre-fault device tidal flow, and P cont is the sum of the pre-fault tidal flows of the faulty components.
Optionally, in the generating method, the method for acquiring the security control action information after the fault includes:
by considering a second line-of-defense strategy in the fault time domain simulation process, simulating the action process of an actual power grid automatic device, determining control measures and control quantity which are supposed to be adopted by the device after the occurrence of the expected fault, and forming the safety control action information after the fault in the fault plan by the on-line simulation output of the safety control strategy result.
Optionally, in the generating method, calculating the measure control performance index according to the failure cause includes:
calculating performance indexes of equipment overload or section out-of-limit treatment measures;
Calculating control measures to adjust control performance indexes unsafe for voltage; and
The calculation control measures adjust the control performance index for frequency safety.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula of a performance index of the overload or cross section out-of-limit treatment measure of the computing device is:
Wherein: PI p.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for equipment overload or cross section, i k1 is the number of weak equipment with overload or cross section over-limit for steady-state equipment after a fault occurs, S p.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth alternative measure to the active power of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, η i is the overload or cross section over-limit margin of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, the safe active power threshold of the ith equipment or cross section in P cr.i steady state, G p is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C p.j is the control cost of the unit power of the jth alternative measure.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating a control performance index for adjusting the unsafe voltage of the control measure is:
Wherein: PI q.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is out of limit for voltage, i k2 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is lower in steady state after a fault occurs, η L.i is the margin of the lower limit for the voltage of the ith weak node in steady state after a fault occurs, S q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, V L.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the lower limit, V H.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the upper limit, i k3 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is higher in steady state after a fault occurs, η H.i is the margin of the upper limit for the voltage of the ith node in steady state after a fault occurs, S' q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, d 1 is used for determining the adjustment direction, and G q is the maximum number of controllable measures.
Optionally, in the generating method, a formula for calculating a control performance index for adjusting the frequency safety by the control measure is:
Wherein: PI f.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for frequency, k l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to low frequency of the power grid, η fl is a steady-state frequency lower limit margin, f L.M is a frequency upper limit control threshold, f H.M is a frequency lower limit control threshold, k l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to high frequency of the power grid, η fu is a steady-state frequency upper limit margin; f ul is the frequency safety upper limit value of the steady-state operation of the power grid, G f is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C g.j is the control cost of the unit power of the j-th selectable measure.
In the method for generating the online power grid fault plan considering the steady-state power flow state, provided by the invention, the online generation of the fault plan considering the steady-state power flow state is realized by combining the set of the fault sets of the plan, the fault plan can be generated for the fault, the influence generated by the fault is simulated, and corresponding processing measures are generated. And the generated fault plans are quicker and better in adaptability and can be quantized compared with the fault plans in the prior art.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of generating an online grid fault plan accounting for steady state power flow conditions in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
In the following, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish between similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or chronological order. It is to be understood that such terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances. Similarly, if a method described herein comprises a series of steps, and the order of the steps presented herein is not necessarily the only order in which the steps may be performed, and some of the described steps may be omitted and/or some other steps not described herein may be added to the method.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for generating an online power grid fault plan considering a steady state power flow state, including:
Step S1: acquiring power grid state estimation section data or off-line typical mode data, and checking whether the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance contained in the data reach the standard or not, wherein the data of the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance reach the standard is used as the data of an initial operation mode of on-line fault plan calculation;
step S2: setting fault data of a plurality of devices, incorporating the fault data into an online plan fault set, and establishing a plan summary information storage model of plan ID-plan coding-fault plan name-compiling time for each fault data;
Step S3: performing medium-long time domain simulation analysis by combining data of an initial operation mode and a preset fault set to obtain steady-state power flow and steady-state frequency after faults, calculating safety margin and power flow transfer ratio from simulation results, acquiring safety control action information after the faults, and judging whether the safety margin meets requirements;
Step S4: if the safety margin does not meet the requirement, calculating measure control performance indexes according to the fault reasons by combining the whole network equipment, enumerating and combining the measure control performance indexes according to the measure control performance indexes to form an adjustment measure sequence, and solving the treatment key points after the fault, wherein the control cost of the treatment key points is minimum and meets the safety requirement;
Step S5: e files are formed and exported according to the data of the initial operation mode, the trend change and influence after the faults, the safety control action information after the faults and the disposal key points after the faults, and according to the outline information of the plan, the initial operation mode of the plan, the actions of the safety automatic device of the plan, the operation mode and influence after the faults of the plan and the disposal measures of the faults of the plan.
In the embodiment of the invention, in step S1, the method for judging the active data balance and the reactive data balance and the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage to reach the standard comprises the following steps:
Judging that the active power deviation of the single node reaches a set value, for example, the set value can be 100MW, and if the active power deviation of the single node does not reach 100MW or more, proving that the active power of the single node is unqualified;
Judging that the reactive power deviation of the single node reaches a set value, for example, the set value can be 100Mvar, and if the reactive power deviation of the single node does not reach 100Mvar or more, proving that the reactive power of the single node is unqualified;
Judging whether the active power balance deviation of all the nodes reaches a set value or not, if not, considering that the active power balance deviation of all the nodes is unqualified;
Judging whether the reactive power balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network reaches a set value or not, if not, judging that the reactive power balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network is unqualified; and
Judging whether the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage reaches a set value, for example, the set value is more than or equal to 0.9p.u and less than or equal to Δρ i and less than or equal to 1.05p.u, and if the generator terminal voltage is out of the range of more than or equal to 0.9p.u and less than or equal to Δρ i and less than or equal to 1.05p.u, judging that the generator terminal voltage is unqualified.
Further, the formula for calculating the active power deviation of a single node is:
Wherein: ΔP j is the active power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude of node j, P Gj is the active power of the generator of node j, P Lj is the active power of the load of node j, G pj is the active power of the parallel admittance load of node j, P jk is the active power value flowing from the j side to the k side in devices j-k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j. The devices j-k herein refer to devices directly associated with node j, including lines and transformers.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula for calculating the reactive power deviation of a single node is as follows:
ΔQj＝QGj-QLj+Gvj·Vj z-∑k∈ΩQjk；
Wherein: Δq j is the reactive power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude at node j, Q Gj is the reactive power of the generator at node j, Q Lj is the reactive power of the load at node j, G vj is the reactive power of the parallel admittance load at node i, Q jk is the reactive power value from side j to side k in the device j-k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula for calculating the qualification rate of the voltage data of the generator terminal is as follows:
Wherein: Δρ i is the voltage qualification rate of the machine end of the machine set i, V Gi is the machine end voltage of the machine set i given in the data, and V Gbase is the reference voltage value of the machine set.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sources of the fault data include: the grid annual offline fault handling protocol has specified a fault set, a manually added temporary fault set, and a fault set provided by a third party system. The fault data are brought into an online plan fault set to be calculated, a plan ID-plan code-fault plan name-plan summary information storage model of the time is established for each fault data according to the data source of the initial operation mode, wherein the plan ID is directly a fault number, the plan code considers the data source of the initial operation mode, the partition characteristic of the power grid and the plan serial number, the fault plan name is directly a fault description name, and the time for planning can be the time for estimating the section data of the power grid state or the current time.
In step S3, simulation parameters related to the medium-long time domain simulation include: the method comprises the following steps of a unit primary frequency modulation characteristic, a direct current transmission system dynamic response model, a reactive voltage control and protection model, a FACTS device dynamic model, a second three-line defense control strategy, wind power and photovoltaic new energy frequency, a voltage protection constant value and other power automatic device response processes.
In step S3, the conditions for calculating the steady state power flow after the fault and meeting the steady state frequency are: in the middle-long time domain simulation, the steady state power flow and the steady state frequency after the fault can be calculated through the quasi-steady state judgment in the tail period time T of the middle-long time domain simulation, that is to say, after the quasi-steady state judgment is achieved in the tail period time T of the middle-long time domain simulation, the method through the quasi-steady state judgment is as follows: the following three conditions are simultaneously satisfied in each time interval Δt in the tail section time T. Taking the tail time T of the medium-long time domain simulation (for example, 5 seconds, that is, taking the last 5 seconds to perform the quasi-steady state judgment if the simulation process is 10 seconds), performing the quasi-steady state judgment, and simultaneously meeting the following three conditions within each time interval delta T (for example, 1 second, that is, within the last 5 seconds, judging whether the following three conditions are met at the same time or not every 1 second), wherein the quasi-steady state judgment requirement is met:
ΔεG≥|MAX.δGi-MIN.δGi|＝Δδ,i＝1,2,3…,SG；
Δεf≥|MAX.fBi-MIN.fBi|＝Δf,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Δεv≥|MAX.VBi-MIN.VBi|＝ΔV,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Wherein: max, δ Gi is the maximum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, min, δ Gi is the minimum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, S G is the number of units, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference, Δε G is the threshold value of the set power angle fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment (for example, the threshold value may be 0.5), max.f Bi is the maximum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, min.f Bi is the minimum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, S B is the number of buses, Δf is the maximum frequency difference, Δε f is the threshold value of the set frequency fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment (for example, the threshold value may be 0.05 Hz), max.v Bi、MIN.VBi represents the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage of the bus B in Δt, respectively, Δv is the difference, and Δε v is the threshold value of the set voltage fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment (for example, the threshold value may be 0.03p.u).
In the embodiment of the invention, the conditions for meeting the steady-state power flow and the steady-state frequency after the fault further comprise: in the whole period (end period time T) of the quasi-steady state judgment, adjacent time interval windows deltat and deltat' (for example, in the first 1s and in the later 1 s) should satisfy that the maximum variation of the former time window is larger than or equal to the maximum variation of the later window as a whole, and the following formula is adopted:
Wherein, Δt is the previous time period selected as the observation window according to the simulation duration, Δt 'is the next time period of the observation window, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference of the previous time period, Δδ' is the maximum power angle difference of the next time period, Δf is the maximum frequency difference of the previous time period, Δf 'is the maximum frequency difference of the next time period, Δv is the maximum voltage difference of the previous time period, and Δv' is the maximum voltage difference of the next time period.
Further, in step S3 of the embodiment of the present invention, the safety margin includes: ac line safety margin, transformer safety margin, bus voltage safety margin, and steady state frequency safety margin. That is, whether the safety margin meets the requirement is calculated and judged, and whether the safety margin of the alternating current line, the safety margin of the transformer, the safety margin of the bus voltage and the safety margin of the steady-state frequency meet the requirement is required to be calculated. Specifically, the method for judging whether the safety margin meets the requirement comprises the following steps: and if the values of the safety margin of the alternating current line, the safety margin of the transformer, the safety margin of the bus voltage and the safety margin of the steady-state frequency are all within 0-100, the safety margin is considered to meet the requirements, otherwise, the safety margin is considered to not meet the requirements.
Further, the calculation formulas of the ac line safety margin and the transformer safety margin are as follows:
wherein η L is the (overload) safety margin of the ac line, I real is the actual injection current of the ac line, I N is the rated current of the ac line, η T is the (overload) safety margin of the transformer, S real is the actual power of the transformer, U real is the actual voltage of the transformer, S N is the rated power of the transformer, and U N is the rated voltage of the transformer.
In the embodiment of the invention, three conditions are the normal safety margin of the bus voltage, the upper safety margin of the bus voltage and the lower safety margin of the bus voltage, and the safety margins of the three conditions need to be calculated when the bus voltage safety margin is calculated, and the calculation formula of the bus voltage safety margin is as follows:
Wherein η B is a normal safety margin of the bus voltage, η B.H is an upper safety margin of the bus voltage, η S.L is a lower safety margin of the bus voltage, V real is an actual operation voltage of the bus, V H is an upper voltage limit of the bus, and V L is a lower voltage limit of the bus.
In the embodiment of the invention, the calculation formula of the steady-state frequency safety margin is as follows:
Where η F is a steady-state frequency safety margin, η F.H is an upper limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, η F.L is a lower limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, f real is steady-state frequency after failure, f H is an upper limit for grid frequency allowable offset, and f L is a lower limit for grid frequency allowable offset.
In the embodiment of the invention, the operation mode and the influence analysis after the fault are developed based on the steady-state power flow after the fault, and the close influence equipment range after the fault is determined by calculating the power grid equipment power flow transfer and the safety margin after the fault. The threshold of the power flow transfer and the threshold of the safety margin are set for outputting the influence information after the fault, and the calculation formulas of the line power flow transfer ratio after the fault, the transformer power flow transfer ratio and the power flow transfer ratio of the section are as follows:
Where Δε is the flow transfer ratio, P after is the tidal volume after the fault (if the device is a line, P represents the line current, if the device is a transformer, P is the transformer power, if the device is a transmission section, P is the section power), P before is the device tidal volume before the fault, and P cont is the sum of the tidal volumes before the fault element fault. The direction of the power flow change of the equipment after the fault can be described through the positive and negative of the power flow change delta epsilon after the fault, and the safety margin-power flow transfer ratio-power flow change description information of the equipment after the fault is used as the influence information after the fault in the plan. And the bus is described by the voltage variation.
Next, in step S3, the method for obtaining the security control action information after the fault includes:
By considering a second line-of-defense strategy in the fault time domain simulation process, simulating the action process of an actual power grid automatic device, namely acquiring the power flow and the controllable equipment state of power grid equipment from a specified power grid operation mode according to expected fault information, searching a control strategy table, matching the operation mode, determining control measures and control quantity to be adopted by the device after the expected fault occurs, and forming the safety control action information after the fault in the fault plan through the safety control strategy result output by the on-line simulation.
In step S3, it is also necessary to determine whether the safety margin meets the standard, if the safety margin meets the standard, the data of the initial operation mode, the trend change and influence after the fault, and the security control action information after the fault are formed into an E file and exported for use, and if the safety margin does not meet the standard, some faults are required to be processed, so steps S4 and S5 are required to be performed.
In step S4, calculating a measure control performance index according to the cause of the failure includes:
aiming at the unsafe condition of equipment tide, analyzing and disposing measure performance indexes by adjusting measures such as active/reactive output, direct current power, load, capacitive reactance and the like of a generator, and calculating the performance indexes of equipment overload or section out-of-limit disposing measures;
the computational control measures adjust the control performance index for voltage unsafe (including upper and lower limits): and
The computational control measures adjust the control performance index for frequency safety (including upper and lower limits).
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula of the performance index of the overload or section out-of-limit treatment measure of the computing equipment is as follows:
Wherein: PI p.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for equipment overload or cross section, i k1 is the number of weak equipment with overload or cross section over-limit for steady-state equipment after a fault occurs, S p.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth alternative measure to the active power of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, η i is the overload or cross section over-limit margin of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, the safe active power threshold of the ith equipment or cross section in P cr.i steady state, G p is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C p.j is the control cost of the unit power of the jth alternative measure.
Next, in step S4, a formula for calculating a control performance index for the control measure adjustment for the voltage unsafe is:
Wherein: PI q.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is out of limit for voltage, i k2 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is lower in steady state after a fault occurs, η L.i is the margin of the lower limit for the voltage of the ith weak node in steady state after a fault occurs, S q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, V L.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the lower limit, V H.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the upper limit, i k3 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is higher in steady state after a fault occurs, η H.i is the margin of the upper limit for the voltage of the ith node in steady state after a fault occurs, S' q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, d 1 is used for determining the adjustment direction, and G q is the maximum number of controllable measures. If the j node is a capacitor or a reactor, the ω is given a value of-1, and if the j node is a capacitor or a reactor, the ω is given a value of 1.
Then, the formula for calculating the control measure to adjust the control performance index for frequency safety is:
Wherein: PI f.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for frequency, k l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to low frequency of the power grid, η fl is a steady-state frequency lower limit margin, f L.M is a frequency upper limit control threshold, f H.M is a frequency lower limit control threshold, k l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to high frequency of the power grid, η fu is a steady-state frequency upper limit margin; f ul is the frequency safety upper limit value of the steady-state operation of the power grid, G f is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C g.j is the control cost of the unit power of the j-th selectable measure. When the frequency is higher than the upper limit Take the value 1, when the frequency is higher than the upper limit/>Take the value-1.
After the control measures are calculated, the calculated control measures are combined into an adjustment measure sequence in an enumeration mode. For a single fault problem, solving a disposal gist of the fault with the minimum control cost and meeting the safety requirement from an adjustment measure sequence, and specifically solving the disposal gist of the fault with the minimum control cost and meeting the safety requirement, wherein the disposal gist method comprises the following steps:
1) The control measures with the shielding control performance index smaller than 0 are selected from the calculated plurality of measure control performance indexes, and the rest control measures are sequenced according to the sequence from the big control performance index to the small control performance index, so that an active control sequence table of the power generator, a direct current, load transfer and load reduction or a reactive control sequence table of the power generator, load adjustment and capacity reactor adjustment are respectively obtained;
2) According to the adjustment step length of the setting measure, the active adjustment step length is 5MW; the reactive power adjustment step length is 5Mvar; if the capacitive reactance is positive, the capacitive reactance is processed according to groups. When the measure adjustable space is considered, the measure control performance indexes are decomposed into 1 or more adjustment measures which are ordered from small to large according to adjustment quantity and are uniformly changed, and the adjustment measures are sequentially decomposed according to the order of the adjustment measures in the sequence table to form a new adjustment measure sequence table;
3) Enumerating and combining the generated adjustment measure sequence list to form an adjustment measure combination scheme, sequencing the rest adjustment measure combinations according to the sequence from small to large in total control cost, sequencing the adjustment measure combinations with the same control cost according to the adjustment quantity from small to large, and obtaining a final adjustment measure combination sequence list;
4) According to the number of the adjustment measure combinations and the sequence of the adjustment measure combinations in the sequence table, sequencing the generated calculation examples to form a scheduling queue, and carrying out auxiliary decision-making one by utilizing parallel calculation and then carrying out safety evaluation;
5) And taking a combination of measures with the minimum sum of the control cost and the load reduction risk cost as an optimized decision scheme by selecting the measure combination with the safety margin after the auxiliary decision being respectively larger than or equal to a corresponding margin threshold value (for example, the threshold value can be 5%).
And comprehensive decision is adopted for the problems of multiple types of faults, equipment overload or section out-of-limit active adjustment optimization decision is preferentially carried out, bus voltage out-of-limit reactive adjustment optimization decision is carried out on the basis, and finally steady-state frequency out-of-limit auxiliary decision is carried out. In the auxiliary decision of the steady-state frequency out-of-limit, the controllable measures mutually exclusive to the overload or the section out-of-limit adjustment direction of the equipment are preferentially removed, the steady-state frequency out-of-limit optimization decision is carried out in the rest controllable measure space, whether the new equipment overload or the section out-of-limit and bus voltage out-of-limit problems are caused or not is determined through simulation check, and the comprehensive coordination decision of multiple types of safety problems is realized through a cyclic iteration method.
Finally, in step S5, according to the data of the initial operation mode, the trend change and influence after the fault, the security control action information after the fault, and the treatment gist after the fault calculated in step S4 (the treatment gist describes a series of control measures to be taken by a dispatcher such as the relevant unit output adjustment, node voltage control, load switching, line operation, fault removal, and the like and notes in the control process for the above changes), an E file is formed and exported according to the plan summary information, the plan initial operation mode, the plan security automatic action, and the operation mode after the plan fault (the operation mode after the fault describes the equipment fault of the power system, the change condition of the weak point state parameters of the power system is the content that the dispatcher needs to pay attention after the fault, the fault is supposed to happen), and the influence and the treatment measures for the plan fault, and then the E file is converted and displayed. Wherein the protocol summary information includes: the method comprises the steps of plan ID, plan coding, fault plan name, key equipment operation state, safety automatic device action condition, programming time, programming personnel, programming state, initial operation mode profile, post-fault power grid operation main risk and regulation mechanism. The information of the initial operation mode of the plan comprises: plan ID, mode description, mode definition, regulatory mechanism. The project safety automatic device action information includes: the method comprises the steps of plan ID, device action description, action type, control equipment, control quantity, an affiliated security control system and a regulation and control mechanism. The mode and the influence information after the scheme fault comprise: plan ID, post-failure mode description, running state, device type, device name, margin, transfer value, regulatory mechanism. The protocol stability control requirement information includes: plan ID, control requirement description, device type, device name, constraint type, constraint upper limit, constraint lower limit, regulatory mechanism. The plan fault handling measure information includes: plan ID, operation description, operation type, operation object name, operation value, priority, treatment stage, regulatory mechanism.
In summary, in the method for generating the online power grid fault plan considering the steady state power flow state provided by the embodiment of the invention, the online generation of the fault plan considering the steady state power flow state is realized by combining the set of the fault sets of the plan, so that the fault plan can be generated for the fault, the influence generated by the fault is simulated, and corresponding processing measures are generated. And the generated fault plans are quicker and better in adaptability and can be quantized compared with the fault plans in the prior art.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art will make any equivalent substitution or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the invention, and the technical solution of the invention is not departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (21)
1. A method of generating an online grid fault plan that accounts for steady state power flow conditions, comprising:
Step S1: acquiring power grid state estimation section data or off-line typical mode data, and checking whether the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance contained in the data reach the standard or not, wherein the data of the qualification rate of the voltage of the generator terminal and the active data balance and the reactive data balance reach the standard is used as the data of an initial operation mode of on-line fault plan calculation;
Step S2: setting fault data of a plurality of devices, incorporating the fault data into an online plan fault set, and establishing a plan summary information storage model of plan ID-plan coding-fault plan name-compiling time for each fault data;
Step S3: performing medium-long time domain simulation analysis by combining the data of the initial operation mode and the preset fault set to obtain steady-state power flow and steady-state frequency after faults, calculating safety margin and power flow transfer ratio from simulation results, acquiring safety control action information after the faults, and judging whether the safety margin meets requirements or not;
Step S4: if the safety margin does not meet the requirement, calculating measure control performance indexes according to the fault reasons and combining the whole network equipment, enumerating and combining the measure control performance indexes according to the measure control performance indexes to form an adjustment measure sequence, and solving the treatment key points after the fault, which have the minimum control cost and meet the safety requirement, from the adjustment measure sequence;
Step S5: and if the safety margin meets the requirement, forming an E file according to the data of the initial operation mode, the trend change and influence after the fault, the safety control action information after the fault and the disposal key points after the fault, and according to the outline information of the plan, the initial operation mode of the plan, the action of the safety automatic device of the plan, the operation mode and influence after the fault of the plan and the disposal measure of the fault of the plan.
2. The method of generating according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the method of determining the qualification rate of the active data balance and the reactive data balance and the generator terminal voltage includes:
judging that the active power deviation of a single node reaches a set value;
judging that the reactive power deviation of a single node reaches a set value;
Judging that the active balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network reaches a set value;
judging that the reactive power balance deviation of the nodes of the whole network reaches a set value; and
And judging that the qualification rate of the generator terminal voltage reaches a set value.
3. The method of generating of claim 2, wherein the formula for calculating the active power deviation for a single node is:
Wherein: ΔP j is the active power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude of node j, P Gj is the active power of the generator of node j, P Lj is the active power of the load of node j, gpj is the active power of the parallel admittance load of node j, P jk is the active power value flowing from the j side to the k side in device j-k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j.
4. The method of generating of claim 2, wherein the formula for calculating the reactive power deviation of a single node is:
Wherein: Δq j is the reactive power deviation, V j is the voltage amplitude of node j, Q Gj is the reactive power of the generator of node j, Q Lj is the reactive power of the load of node j, gvj is the reactive power of the parallel admittance load of node i, Q jk is the reactive power value of the device j-k flowing from side j to side k, Ω represents the set of devices directly associated with node j.
5. The method of generating as defined in claim 2, wherein the formula for calculating the generator terminal voltage data qualification rate is:
Wherein: Δρ i is the voltage qualification rate of the machine end of the machine set i, V Gi is the machine end voltage of the machine set i given in the data, and V Gbase is the reference voltage value of the machine set.
6. The method of generating of claim 1, wherein the source of fault data comprises: the grid annual offline fault handling protocol has specified a fault set, a manually added temporary fault set, and a fault set provided by a third party system.
7. The generating method according to claim 1, wherein the simulation parameters involved in the medium-long time domain simulation in step S3 include: the method comprises the following steps of a unit primary frequency modulation characteristic, a direct current transmission system dynamic response model, a reactive voltage control and protection model, a FACTS device dynamic model, a second three-line defense control strategy, wind power and photovoltaic new energy frequency, a voltage protection constant value and other power automatic device response processes.
8. The method of generating of claim 1, wherein the conditions for steady state power flow and steady state frequency after the fault are satisfied include:
and judging through quasi-steady state in the tail period time T of the medium-long time domain simulation.
9. The generating method according to claim 8, wherein the method of the quasi-steady state discrimination is to simultaneously satisfy the following three conditions in each time interval Δt in the tail section time T:
ΔεG≥|MAX.δGi-MIN.δGi|＝Δδ,i＝1,2,3…,SG；
Δεf≥|MAX.fBi-MIN.fBi|＝Δf,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Δεv≥|MAX.VBi-MIN.VBi|＝ΔV,i＝1,2,3…,SB；
Wherein: max, δ Gi is the maximum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, min, δ Gi is the minimum value of the power angle of the unit i in Δt, S G is the number of units, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference, Δε G is the threshold value for the set power angle fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment, min.v Bi is the maximum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, min.v Bi is the minimum value of the frequency of the bus B in Δt, S B is the number of buses, Δf is the maximum frequency difference, and Δε f is the threshold value for the set frequency fluctuation amplitude quasi-steady state judgment; max.v Bi、MIN.VBi represents the maximum and minimum voltages of bus B in Δt, Δv is the maximum voltage difference, and Δε v is the threshold value for the set voltage fluctuation range quasi-steady state judgment.
10. The method of generating of claim 9, wherein the conditions for steady state power flow and steady state frequency after the fault are further comprising: in the whole time period for performing the quasi-steady state judgment, the adjacent time interval windows delta T and delta T' meet that the maximum variation of the previous time window is larger than or equal to the maximum variation of the next time window, and the following formula is adopted:
wherein, Δt is the previous time period selected as the observation window according to the simulation duration, Δt 'is the next time period of the observation window, Δδ is the maximum power angle difference of the previous time period, Δδ' is the maximum power angle difference of the next time period, Δf is the maximum frequency difference of the previous time period, Δf 'is the maximum frequency difference of the next time period, Δv is the maximum voltage difference of the previous time period, and Δv' is the maximum voltage of the next time period.
11. The generation method of claim 9, wherein the safety margin comprises: ac line safety margin, transformer safety margin, bus voltage safety margin, and steady state frequency safety margin.
12. The method of generating of claim 11, wherein the method of determining whether the safety margin meets a requirement comprises: and if the values of the safety margin of the alternating current line, the safety margin of the transformer, the safety margin of the bus voltage and the safety margin of the steady-state frequency are all within 0-100, the safety margin is considered to meet the requirements, otherwise, the safety margin is considered to not meet the requirements.
13. The method of generating of claim 11, wherein the ac line and transformer safety margin is calculated by the formula:
wherein eta L is the overload safety margin of the alternating current line, and I real is the actual injection current of the alternating current line; i N is the rated current of the ac line, η T is the overload safety margin of the transformer, S real is the actual power of the transformer, U real is the actual voltage of the transformer, S N is the rated power of the transformer, and U N is the rated voltage of the transformer.
14. The method of generating of claim 11, wherein the bus voltage safety margin is calculated as:
Wherein η B is a normal safety margin of the bus voltage, η B.H is an upper safety margin of the bus voltage, η B.L is a lower safety margin of the bus voltage, V real is an actual operation voltage of the bus, V H is an upper voltage limit of the bus, and V L is a lower voltage limit of the bus.
15. The method of generating of claim 11, wherein the steady-state frequency safety margin is calculated as:
Where η F is a steady-state frequency safety margin, η F.H is an upper limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, η F.L is a lower limit safety margin for steady-state frequency, f real is steady-state frequency after failure, f H is an upper limit for grid frequency allowable offset, and f L is a lower limit for grid frequency allowable offset.
16. The generation method of claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the power flow transfer ratio is:
Where Δε is the flow transfer ratio, P after is the post-fault tidal flow, P before is the pre-fault device tidal flow, and P cont is the sum of the pre-fault tidal flows of the faulty components.
17. The method of generating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of acquiring the security action information after the failure comprises:
by considering a second line-of-defense strategy in the fault time domain simulation process, simulating the action process of an actual power grid automatic device, determining control measures and control quantity which are supposed to be adopted by the device after the occurrence of the expected fault, and forming the safety control action information after the fault in the fault plan by the on-line simulation output of the safety control strategy result.
18. The generation method according to claim 1, wherein calculating a measure control performance index based on a cause of the failure includes:
calculating performance indexes of equipment overload or section out-of-limit treatment measures;
Calculating control measures to adjust control performance indexes unsafe for voltage; and
The calculation control measures adjust the control performance index for frequency safety.
19. The method of generating of claim 18, wherein the formula for the performance indicator of the computing device overload or cross-section out-of-limit treatment is:
Wherein: PI p.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for equipment overload or cross section, i k1 is the number of weak equipment with overload or cross section over-limit for steady-state equipment after a fault occurs, S p.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth alternative measure to the active power of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, η i is the overload or cross section over-limit margin of the ith equipment or cross section in steady state, the safe active power threshold of the ith equipment or cross section in P cr.i steady state, G p is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C p.j is the control cost of the unit power of the jth alternative measure.
20. The method of generating of claim 18, wherein the formula for calculating a control performance indicator for the control measure adjustment for the voltage unsafe is:
Wherein: PI q.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is out of limit for voltage, i k2 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is lower in steady state after a fault occurs, η L.i is the margin of the lower limit for the voltage of the ith weak node in steady state after a fault occurs, S q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, V L.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the lower limit, V H.i is the safety threshold value of the ith node steady state voltage from the upper limit, i k3 is the number of weak nodes at which the voltage is higher in steady state after a fault occurs, η H.i is the margin of the upper limit for the voltage of the ith node in steady state after a fault occurs, S' q.j.i is the sensitivity of the jth reactive adjustment measure to the voltage of the ith weak node, d 1 is used for determining the adjustment direction, and G q is the maximum number of controllable measures.
21. The method of generating of claim 18, wherein the formula for calculating a control measure to adjust the control performance index for frequency safety is:
Wherein: PI f.j.s is a control performance index in which the jth adjustment measure is over-limit for frequency, k l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to low frequency of the power grid, η fl is a steady-state frequency lower limit margin, f L.M is a frequency upper limit control threshold, f H.M is a frequency lower limit control threshold, k' l.f.j is control sensitivity of the jth optional measure to high frequency of the power grid, η fu is a steady-state frequency upper limit margin; f ul is the frequency safety upper limit value of the steady-state operation of the power grid, G f is the maximum number of controllable measures, and C g.j is the control cost of the unit power of the j-th selectable measure.
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| WO2021057518A1 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Online safety and stability emergency control method and system adapting to device power flow change |
| CN112436542A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-03-02 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Steady-state safety emergency control online pre-decision method considering stability control strategy |
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