CN106960262B - Active reserve capacity evaluation method and device for expected faults of extra-high voltage direct current line - Google Patents
Active reserve capacity evaluation method and device for expected faults of extra-high voltage direct current line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for evaluating active reserve capacity of an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the method comprises the steps of determining the maximum active reserve capacity which can be provided by a reserve unit; calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list; and forming safety constraint and determining the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment is analyzed, the influence of the direct-current loss power on the equipment is considered as the same as the power increased by the unit, the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment is calculated, and the sensitivity result is not influenced by the selection of the balancing machine; meanwhile, safety constraint is considered, and the problem that power grid safety constraint is not considered in the existing active reserve capacity calculation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safety and stability calculation and analysis of a power system, in particular to an active reserve capacity evaluation method and device for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line.
Background
With the rapid development of large-scale interconnection of power grids, the power grids in China form large alternating-current and direct-current series-parallel connection power grids which take an extra-high voltage power grid as a backbone grid frame, have the highest voltage level, the largest transmission capacity, the most advanced technical level and the most complex operation characteristics in the world. With the advance of the construction of an extra-high voltage power grid, the application of a large number of power electronic components such as direct current transmission and FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission), and the continuous increase of the operating pressure caused by the large-scale access of wind power and photovoltaic new energy power supplies, the electrical connection of the whole grid becomes tighter and tighter, the coupling relation between sections is more complex, the safety and stability levels are mutually restricted, and the safety problem is increasingly concerned by people.
Because the extra-high voltage direct current transmission power is large, once a blocking fault occurs, great influence is generated on an extra-high voltage direct current transmitting end power grid and a receiving end power grid, the transmitting end power grid generally has a matched safety control strategy, the transmitting end power grid is balanced through a generator tripping machine, and the receiving end power grid needs an active standby unit to increase the generating active power so as to make up for the power shortage of the extra-high voltage direct current fault.
The power system, now in actual operation, reserves the necessary active power reserve capacity to keep the system constantly operating at the rated frequency, the reserve capacity comprising:
1) the load reserve capacity is 2% -5% of the maximum power generation load, the low value is suitable for a large system, and the high value is suitable for a small system;
2) the emergency reserve capacity is about 10 percent of the maximum power generation load, but is not less than the capacity of the maximum unit of the system;
3) the maintenance reserve capacity is generally determined by combining the characteristics of system load, the proportion of water, fire and electricity, the quality of equipment, the maintenance level and the like so as to meet the requirement of periodically maintaining all running units, and is generally preferably 8-15% of the maximum power generation load.
Active reserve capacity aiming at extra-high voltage direct current faults belongs to accident reserve capacity, large accident reserve capacity is reserved in power grids of all areas at present, but safety constraints in the power grids are not considered in the active reserve capacity, and after actual extra-high voltage direct current faults, the situation that unit active power has reserve capacity, but the reserve capacity cannot be provided by increasing the active power due to the limitation of the power grid safety constraints can exist. In order to accurately grasp the actually available active reserve capacity for the extra-high voltage direct current fault, a technical scheme for analyzing the active reserve capacity which can be provided by the power grid on the premise of not violating the safety constraint of the power grid in consideration of the safety constraint of the power grid is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an active reserve capacity evaluation method and device for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, which considers the safety constraint of an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and accurately masters the actually available active reserve capacity aiming at the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line by analyzing the active reserve capacity which can be provided by the power grid on the premise that the safety constraint is not violated after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an active reserve capacity evaluation method for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, which comprises the following steps:
searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list, and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
searching dangerous equipment in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active reserve capacity which can be provided by a spare unit;
and forming safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment, and determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint.
The searching for the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain the standby unit list comprises the following steps:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained.
The standby generator set comprises a generator set in operation and a hot standby generator set.
The determining the maximum active spare capacity that can be provided by the spare unit comprises:
the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the running generator set is the difference between the rated capacity and the current active power;
the hot standby generator set may provide the maximum active standby capacity at its rated capacity.
The searching for the dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain the dangerous equipment list comprises the following steps:
calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the tidal current transfer caused by the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the operating power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
determining the change conditions of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
The calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active spare capacity provided by the spare unit comprises the following steps:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
wherein G is i n-j Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i and the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-i Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-j Sensitivity, G, of active power increase of standby unit j to active power of hazardous equipment n n-i And G n-j Respectively expressed as:
wherein M is n Representing the association vector of the hazardous equipment n and the nodes in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of an inverse of a DC power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n.
The forming safety constraints according to the list of hazardous devices and the sensitivities of the hazardous devices comprises:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper limits of the active power, P, of the hazardous device n n Representing the active power, P, of the dangerous equipment n before the expected failure of the extra-high voltage DC line j adj The active power increment of the standby unit j is shown.
The determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of establishing the following objective functions by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and performing optimization solution on the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the power grid at the receiving end of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
The invention also provides an active reserve capacity evaluation device for the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, which comprises the following components:
the system comprises a first determining module, a second determining module and a control module, wherein the first determining module is used for searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
the calculation module is used for searching the dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active standby capacity available by the standby unit;
and the second determination module forms safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment and determines the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint.
The first determining module is specifically configured to:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained.
The standby generator set comprises a generator set in operation and a hot standby generator set.
The first determining module is specifically configured to:
aiming at a generator set in operation, the maximum available active standby capacity provided by the generator set is the rated capacity minus the current active power;
for hot standby gensets, the maximum active standby capacity that can be provided is its rated capacity.
The calculation module is specifically configured to:
calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the tidal current transfer caused by the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the operating power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
determining the change conditions of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
The calculation module is specifically configured to:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
wherein, G i n-j Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i and the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-i Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-j Indicating the sensitivity of the active power increase of the standby unit j to the active power of the hazardous installation n, G n-i And G n-j Are respectively represented as：
Wherein M is n Representing the association vector of the hazardous equipment n and the nodes in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of an inverse of a DC power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n.
The second determining module is specifically configured to:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper limits of the active power, P, of the hazardous device n n Representing the active power, P, of the dangerous equipment n before the expected failure of the extra-high voltage DC line j adj The active power increment of the standby unit j is shown.
The second determining module is specifically configured to:
the method comprises the following steps of establishing the following objective functions by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and performing optimization solution on the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the power grid at the receiving end of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an active reserve capacity evaluation method for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, which comprises the steps of firstly searching a spare unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a spare unit list, and determining the maximum active reserve capacity which can be provided by the spare unit in the spare unit list; then, dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list is calculated according to the maximum active standby capacity available by the standby unit; finally, forming safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment, determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint, and realizing the active reserve capacity evaluation of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
aiming at the predicted fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, the invention analyzes the unit which can provide active reserve capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, considers the loss of active power after the predicted fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and can accurately judge the dangerous equipment list which is close to out-of-limit or heavy load in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the predicted fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
the method also analyzes the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment, simultaneously considers the influence of the direct current loss power and the unit increased same power on the equipment, calculates the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment in pairs, and ensures that the sensitivity result is not influenced by the selection of the balancing machine;
the method considers safety constraint, solves the problem that the safety constraint of the power grid is not considered in the existing active reserve capacity calculation, solves the active maximum reserve capacity based on the optimized calculation, and obtains the maximum active reserve capacity provided by the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid on the premise of ensuring the active power flow of the dangerous equipment in a safety range;
the invention can calculate the active maximum reserve capacity meeting the safety constraint in different time scale ranges of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes and the like, and is flexible and convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active reserve capacity evaluation method for an anticipated fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides an active reserve capacity evaluation method for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following specific processes:
s101: searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list, and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
s102: searching dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active reserve capacity which can be provided by the reserve unit and is obtained in the S101;
s103: and forming safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list obtained in the S102 and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment, and determining the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint.
In the step S101, a spare unit in the extra-high voltage dc receiving end power grid is searched, and a list of the spare units is obtained as follows:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained. The standby generator set comprises an operating generator set and a hot standby generator set.
The determination of the maximum active reserve capacity that can be provided by the reserve unit in S101 is specifically divided into the following two cases:
1) aiming at a generator set in operation, the maximum available active standby capacity provided by the generator set is the rated capacity minus the current active power;
2) for hot standby gensets, the maximum active standby capacity that can be provided is its rated capacity.
In the step S102, searching for a dangerous device in the extra-high voltage dc receiving end power grid, and obtaining a dangerous device list specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the current transfer caused by the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the running power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
then, according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of a standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, determining the change condition of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and finally, judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
Meanwhile, the specific process of calculating the sensitivity of the hazardous equipment according to the maximum active reserve capacity available by the reserve unit in S102 includes:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
in the above formula, G i n-j Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i and the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-i Shows the sensitivity of i active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line to n active power of dangerous equipment, G n-j Indicating the sensitivity of the active power increase of the standby unit j to the active power of the hazardous equipment n, and having
M n Representing the association vector of the hazardous equipment n and the nodes in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of an inverse of a DC power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n.
In the above step S103, the safety constraint process is formed according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment as follows:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper limits of the active power, P, of the hazardous device n n Representing the active power, P, of the dangerous equipment n before the expected failure of the extra-high voltage DC line j adj The active power increment of the standby unit j is shown.
The specific process of determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint in the step S103 is as follows:
firstly, establishing the following objective function by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and then, carrying out optimization solution on the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the power grid of the receiving end of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
In the active reserve capacity evaluation method for the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the active reserve capacity meeting the safety constraint in different time scales can be calculated according to different types of units and according to set time ranges, such as 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes. The unit active power regulation rate is taken into account when calculating the increasable active power of the backup unit in step S101. For the unit in operation and the units in hot standby and cold standby states, it can increase active power to its regulation rate (MW/min) multiplied by the specified time (min). Then, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in different time scales can be solved without changing S102 and S103, for example, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 5 minutes, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 15 minutes, and the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 30 minutes.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an active reserve capacity evaluation device for the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, and because the principle of solving the problem of the devices is similar to the active reserve capacity evaluation method for the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, the implementation of the devices can refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The active reserve capacity evaluation device for the expected faults of the extra-high voltage direct current line provided by the embodiment comprises a first determining module, a calculating module and a second determining module, wherein the three modules have the following specific functions:
the system comprises a first determining module, a second determining module and a control module, wherein the first determining module is used for searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
the calculation module is used for searching the dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active standby capacity available by the standby unit;
and the second determination module forms safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment and determines the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint.
The first determining module searches for the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and the specific process of obtaining the standby unit list is as follows:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained. The standby generator set comprises an operating generator set and a hot standby generator set.
The specific process of determining the maximum active reserve capacity available by the reserve unit by the above first determining module is divided into the following two cases:
1) aiming at a generator set in operation, the maximum available active standby capacity provided by the generator set is the rated capacity minus the current active power;
2) for hot standby gensets, the maximum active standby capacity that can be provided is its rated capacity.
The calculation module searches for dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and the specific process of obtaining the dangerous equipment list is as follows:
calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the tidal current is transferred due to the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the running power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
determining the change conditions of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
The specific process of calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment by the calculating module according to the maximum active spare capacity available by the spare unit is as follows:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
wherein G is i n-j Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i and the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-i Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-j Indicates the sensitivity of the active power increase of the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, and
wherein M is n Representing the association vector of the hazardous equipment n and the nodes in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of inverse matrix representing direct current power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n.
The specific process of the second determination module forming the safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment is as follows:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper limits of the active power, P, of the hazardous device n n Representing the active power, P, of the dangerous equipment n before the expected failure of the extra-high voltage DC line j adj The active power increment of the standby unit j is shown.
The specific process of the second determination module for determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint is as follows:
firstly, establishing the following objective function by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and then, carrying out optimization solution on the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the receiving end power grid of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
The active reserve capacity evaluation device for the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line provided by the embodiment of the invention can calculate the active reserve capacity meeting the safety constraint in different time scales according to different types of units and according to set time ranges, such as 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes. The unit active power regulation rate is taken into account when calculating the increasable active power of the backup unit in step S101. For the unit in operation and the units in hot standby and cold standby states, it can increase active power to its regulation rate (MW/min) multiplied by the specified time (min). Then, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in different time scales can be solved without changing S102 and S103, for example, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 5 minutes, the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 15 minutes, and the active reserve capacity meeting the power grid safety constraint in 30 minutes.
For convenience of description, each part of the above-described apparatus is separately described as being functionally divided into various modules or units. Of course, the functionality of the various modules or units may be implemented in the same one or more pieces of software or hardware when implementing the present application.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications or equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the above embodiments, and such modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The active reserve capacity assessment method for the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list, and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
searching dangerous equipment in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active reserve capacity which can be provided by a spare unit;
forming safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment, and determining the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint;
the calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active spare capacity provided by the spare unit comprises the following steps:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
wherein G is i n-j Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i and the standby unit j to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-i Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-j Indicating the sensitivity of the active power increase of the standby unit j to the active power of the hazardous installation n, G n-i And G n-j Respectively expressed as:
wherein M is n Representing the association vector of the dangerous equipment n and the node in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of an inverse of a DC power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n;
the forming of the safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment comprises:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper active power limits, P, of the hazardous installation n n Active power P of dangerous equipment n before expected fault of ultra-high voltage direct current line j adj Representing the active power increment of the standby unit j;
the determining the maximum active reserve capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of establishing an objective function by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and performing optimization solution on the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the power grid at the receiving end of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
2. The method for evaluating the active reserve capacity of the anticipated faults of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to claim 1, wherein the step of searching for the standby units in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain the standby unit list comprises the following steps:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained.
3. The method for evaluating the active reserve capacity of the expected faults of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the standby generator sets comprise a generator set in operation and a generator set in hot standby.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the determining the maximum active spare capacity that can be provided by the spare set comprises:
the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the running generator set is the difference between the rated capacity and the current active power;
the hot standby generator set may provide the maximum active standby capacity at its rated capacity.
5. The method for evaluating the active reserve capacity of the anticipated faults of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to claim 1, wherein the searching for the dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain the dangerous equipment list comprises:
calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the tidal current transfer caused by the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the operating power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
determining the change conditions of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
6. An active reserve capacity assessment device for an expected fault of an extra-high voltage direct current line, which is characterized by comprising:
the system comprises a first determining module, a second determining module and a control module, wherein the first determining module is used for searching a standby unit in an extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a standby unit list and determining the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit;
the calculation module is used for searching the dangerous equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid to obtain a dangerous equipment list, and calculating the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment according to the maximum active standby capacity available by the standby unit;
the second determining module forms safety constraint according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of dangerous equipment and determines the maximum active standby capacity of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid under the safety constraint;
the calculation module is specifically configured to:
aiming at the dangerous equipment in the dangerous equipment list, according to the standby unit list and the maximum active standby capacity which can be provided by the standby unit, the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line and the standby unit to the active power of the dangerous equipment is expressed as follows:
G i n-j ＝G n-j -G n-i
wherein G is i n-j Representing active power increase of extra-high voltage direct current line i and standby unit j to active power of dangerous equipment nSensitivity of (1), G n-i Shows the sensitivity of the active power increase of the extra-high voltage direct current line i to the active power of the dangerous equipment n, G n-j Indicating the sensitivity of the active power increase of the standby unit j to the active power of the hazardous installation n, G n-i And G n-j Respectively expressed as:
wherein M is n Representing the association vector of the hazardous equipment n and the nodes in the DC power flow equation, T representing transposition, X i The ith column vector, X, of the inverse of the admittance matrix of the node of the DC power flow equation j J-th column vector, x, of an inverse of a DC power flow equation node admittance matrix n Representing the reactance of the hazardous device n;
the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and taking the standby unit list as a control variable, and forming the following safety constraints according to the dangerous equipment list and the sensitivity of the dangerous equipment:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and
respectively representing the lower and upper limits of the active power, P, of the hazardous device n n Representing the active power, P, of the dangerous equipment n before the expected failure of the extra-high voltage DC line j adj Representing the active power increment of the standby unit j;
the second determining module is specifically configured to:
the method comprises the following steps of establishing the following objective functions by taking the maximum active power increment total price of the standby unit as an optimization objective:
F＝max[∑ j P j adj ]
wherein F represents an objective function value;
and optimally solving the objective function to obtain the active maximum reserve capacity of the receiving end power grid of the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line under the condition of meeting the safety constraint.
7. The extra-high voltage direct current line expected fault active reserve capacity evaluation device according to claim 6, wherein the first determination module is specifically configured to:
aiming at the anticipated fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, a standby unit which can provide active standby capacity in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid is searched, and then a standby unit list is obtained.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the backup power unit comprises an operating power unit and a hot-backup power unit.
9. The extra-high voltage direct current line expected fault active reserve capacity evaluation device according to claim 8, wherein the first determination module is specifically configured to:
aiming at a generator set in operation, the maximum available active standby capacity provided by the generator set is the rated capacity minus the current active power;
for hot standby gensets, the maximum active standby capacity that can be provided is its rated capacity.
10. The extra-high voltage direct current line expected fault active reserve capacity evaluation device according to claim 6, wherein the calculation module is specifically configured to:
calculating the loss power of the extra-high voltage direct current line after the tidal current is transferred due to the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line, wherein the loss power is equal to the running power of the extra-high voltage direct current line before the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line;
determining the change conditions of the standby unit and the load power in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid after the expected failure of the extra-high voltage direct current line according to the primary frequency modulation characteristic and the load power frequency characteristic of the standby unit in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid, and calculating the frequency and the load flow distribution of the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid;
and judging whether the active power of the equipment in the extra-high voltage direct current receiving end power grid exceeds a quota threshold value, if so, indicating that the active power of the equipment is out of limit, and taking the equipment as dangerous equipment to obtain a dangerous equipment list after the expected fault of the extra-high voltage direct current line.
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| CN109995054B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-12-18 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power grid frequency safety starting margin calculation method and starting method |
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