CN113917685A - Energy directional coupling-based light splitting optical waveguide design method - Google Patents
Energy directional coupling-based light splitting optical waveguide design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113917685A CN113917685A CN202111169083.3A CN202111169083A CN113917685A CN 113917685 A CN113917685 A CN 113917685A CN 202111169083 A CN202111169083 A CN 202111169083A CN 113917685 A CN113917685 A CN 113917685A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/1215—Splitter
Abstract
A design method of a light splitting optical waveguide based on energy directional coupling enables parts close to each other in the waveguide to form a coupling area by controlling the relative position and the coupling length of each part between waveguides, and the light splitting ratio of the coupling area is adjusted by adjusting the coupling length. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the waveguide optical splitter prepared by the method can realize any splitting ratio, the influence of the length error of the coupling area on the coupling result is much smaller than that of the prior art, the waveguide optical splitter has larger process tolerance, and has incomparable advantages compared with the prior art; moreover, the optical splitter is provided with the cascade expansibility, more coupling areas can be cascaded for splitting light under the condition of not increasing the length of the waveguide optical splitter, the size of the optical splitter is reduced to a great extent, and compared with the existing scheme in the background technology, the optical splitter has the advantage of small size; the optical splitter can also be flexibly wired in combination with the volume size and functional partition of the optical waveguide plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguides, in particular to a design method of a light splitting optical waveguide based on energy directional coupling.
Background
Currently, common waveguide splitters mainly include a Y-branch waveguide splitter, an MMI (multi-mode interference) structure splitter, and a PLC type optical waveguide splitter. Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a common Y-branch waveguide splitter, and fig. 1b is a schematic diagram of an MMI-structure splitter, both of which have the disadvantages of difficult preparation process, large volume and large splitting ratio error. Particularly, the opening angle of the Y-shaped arm of the Y-shaped branch waveguide optical splitter is limited, the opening angle cannot be too large, and during multi-stage cascade, the size of the device is increased rapidly due to the fact that the Y-shaped arm is long, and preparation is difficult. The MMI structure optical splitter is prepared by utilizing the length of a specific coupling region formed by mode field interference to correspond to the distribution of a specific mode field, the requirement on the accuracy of the length of the coupling region is extremely high, and the length error of the coupling region can cause the sharp reduction of the optical splitting performance. The PLC type optical waveguide optical splitter is based on a glass-based optical waveguide, compared with a polymer waveguide product, the wavelength is mainly concentrated near 1260-1650 nm, and the compatibility with an 850nm multimode communication waveguide is poor. And the three splitter modes all have the defect of nonadjustable splitting ratio, and the splitting ratio of the common Y-shaped branch waveguide splitter is as follows: 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8, 1: 16 and the like, and the light splitting output ports of the MMI structure light splitter are generally 3, so that the light splitting function of more ports cannot be realized.
In the document "research on InGaAs/InAlAs multi-quantum well multi-mode interference optical splitter/coupler", the kind of optical waveguide splitting structure is briefly introduced, and the design method of the multi-mode interference coupler is discussed in detail. In the literature, "optimization design of coupling structure of planar optical waveguide optical splitter", a PLC-shaped optical splitter is discussed in detail, the PLC-shaped optical splitter is commonly used in an optical fiber communication system link, and is poor in compatibility and practicability in an optical waveguide interconnection system, and optical passive devices such as an optical splitting structure and a routing switching structure in an actual optical waveguide interconnection system are all prepared in the preparation process of an optical waveguide plate, and only optical jumper switching is needed when the optical passive devices are interconnected with an external system, and the functions are realized without the aid of the external optical passive devices. In the document 'design of an asymmetric Y-branch optical waveguide splitter', an asymmetric Y-branch optical waveguide splitter is discussed, the Y-branch optical waveguide in the document can realize functions of different splitting ratios, the different splitting ratios in the document are realized by adjusting angles of two branch waveguides relative to a trunk waveguide, and simulation can find that the loss introduced when the angle is larger, so that the method solves the problem of adjustable splitting ratio to a certain extent, but introduces larger loss and volume.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the waveguide optical splitter is difficult in preparation process, too large in size, large in splitting ratio error, poor in compatibility, difficult in splitting ratio adjustment or large in loss during adjustment and the like, the invention aims to provide an energy directional coupling-based splitting optical waveguide design method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme. According to the design method of the light splitting optical waveguide based on the energy directional coupling, the relative position and the coupling length of each part between the waveguides are controlled, so that the parts, which are relatively close to each other, in the waveguides form a coupling area, and the light splitting ratio of the coupling area is adjusted by adjusting the coupling length.
Further, the waveguides are prepared on the optical waveguide plate to form the waveguide splitter, the waveguides are positioned on the same plane, the waveguide splitter is provided with a coupling area, and each coupling area comprises two or more waveguides.
Furthermore, the waveguide optical splitter includes two waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is the input end of the input optical signal, the optical signal passes through the coupling region to realize optical splitting, and the two coupled optical signals are respectively output from the output ends of the corresponding waveguides.
Furthermore, the waveguide including the input end is a linear waveguide, the other waveguide is an S-shaped waveguide, the S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight line segments and a bent segment, the two straight line segments are connected through the bent segment, the two straight line segments of the S-shaped waveguide are both parallel to the linear waveguide, and one of the straight line segments close to the input end and the linear waveguide form a coupling region.
Furthermore, the waveguide splitter includes three waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is an input end, the other two waveguides are located at two sides of the waveguide, an optical signal is input at the input end, the light splitting is realized through the coupling area, and the three optical signals after coupling are respectively output from the output ends of the corresponding waveguides.
Furthermore, the waveguide including the input end is a linear waveguide, the other two waveguides are S-shaped waveguides, each S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight-line segments and a bent segment, the two straight-line segments are connected through the bent segments, the two S-shaped waveguides are respectively arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide, the two straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides close to the input end and the same part of the linear waveguide jointly form a coupling area.
Further, the waveguides are prepared on the optical waveguide plate to form a waveguide splitter, the waveguides are positioned on the same plane, the waveguide splitter comprises a plurality of coupling regions, and each coupling region comprises two or more waveguides.
Furthermore, the waveguide optical splitter includes a plurality of waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is an input end, the other waveguides respectively form corresponding coupling areas with different parts of the waveguide with the input end, the input end inputs optical signals and passes through the coupling areas to realize optical splitting, and two or more optical signals coupled in each coupling area are respectively output from the output ends of the corresponding waveguides in the coupling areas.
Furthermore, the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter is further provided with two S-shaped waveguides, each S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight-line segments and a bent segment, the two straight-line segments are connected through the bent segments, the two S-shaped waveguides are arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide, the two straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides close to the input end and different parts of the linear waveguide respectively form a coupling area.
Further, the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises two S-shaped waveguides and two circular arc waveguides, each S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight-line segments and a bent segment, the two straight-line segments are connected through the bent segments, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight-line segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight-line segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the two S-shaped waveguides and the two circular arc waveguides are respectively arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide, the straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, the straight-line segments serving as the output end in each circular arc waveguide are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight-line segments of the two circular arc waveguides, which are close to the input end, respectively form coupling areas with different parts of the linear waveguide.
Furthermore, the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises four circular arc waveguides, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight line segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight line segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the four circular arc waveguides are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide respectively, the two symmetrical circular arc waveguides are a pair of circular arc waveguides, the straight line segments serving as output ends in the four circular arc waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and each pair of straight line segments close to the input end in each circular arc waveguide and corresponding parts of the linear waveguide jointly form a coupling area.
Further, the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises two circular arc waveguides, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the two circular arc waveguides are arranged on the same side of the linear waveguide, the straight segments serving as the output ends in the two circular arc waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight segments of the two circular arc waveguides, close to the input end, and different parts of the linear waveguide respectively form coupling areas.
Further, a waveguide splitter is designed according to the method, the waveguide splitter comprising at least two waveguides and at least one coupling region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the waveguide optical splitter prepared by the method can realize any splitting ratio, and has the main advantages that the waveguide optical splitter has less strict requirements on the length of the coupling region, the influence of the length error of the coupling region on the coupling result is much smaller than that of the prior art scheme, the waveguide optical splitter has larger process tolerance, and has incomparable advantages compared with the prior art scheme in the background art; moreover, the optical splitter is provided with the cascade expansibility, can split light in more coupling areas of the cascade under the condition of not increasing the length of the waveguide optical splitter, greatly reduces the volume of the optical splitter, and has the advantage of small volume compared with the prior scheme in the background technology; the optical splitter can also be flexibly wired in combination with the volume size and functional partition of the optical waveguide plate.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a prior art Y-branch waveguide splitter;
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a prior art MMI structure splitter;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a 1: 1 spectrometer model;
FIG. 2b is a schematic model of a 1: 1 spectrometer;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of another 1: 1 spectrometer model;
FIG. 3a is a diagram illustrating simulation results of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3b is a diagram illustrating simulation results of FIG. 2 b;
FIGS. 3c and 3d are schematic diagrams of simulation results of FIG. 2 c;
FIG. 4a is a perspective view of FIG. 2 c;
fig. 4b, 4c, 4d are schematic diagrams of a cascade structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The waveguide splitter is prepared according to the design method of the splitting optical waveguide based on the energy directional coupling. In order to reduce the volume of the waveguide optical splitter and improve the performance of the waveguide optical splitter, a design method of the waveguide optical splitter based on energy directional coupling is provided. The waveguide optical splitter comprises at least two waveguides, and the waveguides are structured to realize directional coupling of energy. The relative position and the coupling length of each part between the waveguides are adjusted, so that the parts, which are closer to each other, in the waveguides form a coupling area, and the splitting ratio of the coupling area can be changed by adjusting the length of the coupling area. A plurality of waveguides are prepared on the optical waveguide plate to form a waveguide splitter, and the waveguide splitter comprises at least one coupling region. All the waveguides are positioned on the same plane, and the distance between the waveguides in the coupling area is adjusted according to the requirement, so that the optical signals input into the waveguides are coupled in the coupling area, the coupling efficiency and the coupling performance are improved, and light splitting is realized. By adjusting the length of the coupling region, the splitting ratio can be adjusted. Each coupling area comprises at least two waveguides, each coupling area is provided with an input end, two or three output ends, one waveguide with the input end and one or two waveguides form the coupling area, the other ends of the waveguide and other waveguides are output ends, optical signals are input from the input ends and are coupled in the coupling areas, and the coupled optical signals are respectively output from the corresponding output ends. One waveguide and two waveguides can also form two coupling areas respectively, and the power ratio of the optical signals output from the output end is the splitting ratio. When the waveguide optical splitter is designed, the interval between waveguides in the coupling area and the length of the coupling area can be adjusted, and further the splitting ratio and the volume of the waveguide optical splitter are changed. The farther part between the waveguides is a non-coupling area, and the waveguides in the non-coupling area are not coupled.
As shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, the splitting ratios of the three waveguide splitter models are 1: 1, 1: 1, and 1: 1 in sequence. The waveguide in each waveguide splitter comprises a linear waveguide and an S-shaped waveguide, the S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight line sections and a bent section, the two straight line sections are connected through the bent section, and the two straight line sections are parallel to the linear waveguide. The linear section which is close to the linear waveguide and can form a coupling area with the linear waveguide is a coupling linear section, the other linear section which is far away from the linear waveguide and does not have a coupling effect with the linear waveguide is a non-coupling linear section, the coupling linear section is close to the input end of the linear waveguide, and the coupling linear section and the linear waveguide at the corresponding position jointly form the coupling area. The optical signal is from the input of sharp waveguide, and the optical signal after the coupling divide into at least two way optical signal according to the splitting ratio, and optical signal is from the output of sharp waveguide output all the way, and other way optical signal is through S-shaped waveguide and from its output, specifically do: in the S-shaped waveguide, the coupled optical signal sequentially passes through the bending section and the non-coupling straight section and then is output from the output end.
The three models shown in fig. 2a to 2c are theoretically simulated and verified in simulation software, and the input end of the linear waveguide is used as an input for simulation, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 3a to 3d and correspond to the models shown in fig. 2a to 2c in sequence. Wherein, the simulation result of fig. 2a is fig. 3a, the simulation result of fig. 2b is fig. 3b, fig. 2c has two coupling regions, and the simulation results of the first coupling region and the whole of the two coupling regions are fig. 3c and fig. 3d in sequence. In the simulation result diagram, the left side is a diagram of the change of energy in the model, and the right side is a graph of the change of the energy value of the waveguide. Energy between waveguides in the coupling areas is coupled and converted, the splitting ratio is changed along with the change of the length of the coupling areas, in the model design stage, the length of each coupling area can be adjusted according to actual requirements to achieve different splitting ratios, then simulation is carried out to confirm whether the ideal splitting ratio is achieved, then a waveguide splitter is prepared according to the verified model, and the feasibility of the splitter for achieving different splitting ratios is expanded through the method. And simulation results also show that the waveguide optical splitter prepared by the method has the feasibility of cascade connection.
As shown in FIG. 2a, the coupling region of the waveguide splitter model has a splitting ratio of 1: 1. In the model, the left side is a linear waveguide, the right side is an S-shaped waveguide, the two waveguides form a coupling area, an input end of the linear waveguide inputs an optical signal, the optical signal is coupled in the coupling area, the coupled optical signal is output from output ends of the linear waveguide and the S-shaped waveguide, the output power ratio of the linear waveguide and the S-shaped waveguide is 1: 1, and therefore the final splitting ratio is 1: 1. As shown in fig. 3a, which is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of the waveguide splitter model, in the left model diagram, in the coupling region, the energy in the linear waveguide gradually decreases, and the energy in the S-shaped waveguide gradually increases. In the right graph, the File _1 curve corresponds to the energy value change of the linear waveguide, the input energy value is 1.0, the input energy value is gradually reduced to about 0.5 in the coupling region, the File _2 curve corresponds to the energy value change of the S-shaped waveguide, and the energy value is gradually increased from 0 to about 0.5 in the coupling region. The two energy value curves passing through the coupling area are superposed, the final splitting ratio is 1: 1, and the coupling performance is excellent.
The coupling region of the waveguide splitter model shown in fig. 2b has a splitting ratio of 1: 1, and includes a linear waveguide and two S-shaped waveguides, the three waveguides form a coupling region, and the two S-shaped waveguides are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the linear waveguide. The areas of the two S-shaped waveguides close to the linear waveguide are overlapped to form a coupling area together. The input end of the linear waveguide inputs optical signals, the optical signals are coupled in the coupling area and finally output from the output ends of the linear waveguide and the S-shaped waveguide respectively, the output power ratio is 1: 1, and the splitting ratio is 1: 1. As shown in fig. 3b, which is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of the waveguide splitter model, in the left model diagram, in the coupling region, the energy in the linear waveguide gradually decreases, the energy in the two S-shaped waveguides gradually increases, in the right graph, the File _1 curve corresponds to the change of the energy value of the linear waveguide, the input energy value is 1.0, in the coupling region, the input energy value gradually decreases to about 0.33, the File _2 curve corresponds to the change of the energy value of the left S-shaped waveguide, the File _3 curve corresponds to the change of the energy value of the right S-shaped waveguide, in the coupling region, the energy values of the two S-shaped waveguides gradually increase from 0 to about 0.33, and the two energy value curves coincide. The three energy value curves passing through the coupling area are superposed to realize the final splitting ratio of 1: 1, and the coupling performance is excellent.
The waveguide splitter model shown in fig. 2c includes two coupling regions, fig. 4a is a schematic perspective view of fig. 2c, and the splitting ratios of the two coupling regions are 2: 1 and 1: 1 from bottom to top. The waveguide splitter comprises a linear waveguide and two S-shaped waveguides, wherein the linear waveguide and the two S-shaped waveguides respectively form a coupling region. The two S-shaped waveguides are respectively arranged at two sides of the linear waveguide, wherein the right S-shaped waveguide and the linear waveguide at the corresponding position form a first coupling area, and the splitting ratio of the coupling area is 2: 1. the rear part of the left S-shaped waveguide and the linear waveguide at the corresponding position form a second coupling area, the light splitting ratio of the coupling area is 1: 1, the output power ratio of the final output end is 1: 1, and the light splitting ratio is 1: 1. FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the 1: 2 splitter model, which is equivalent to only the first coupling region. In the left model diagram of fig. 3c, the energy in the straight waveguide gradually decreases and the energy in the right S-shaped waveguide gradually increases in the coupling region. In the right graph, the File _1 curve corresponds to the energy value change in the straight waveguide, the input energy value is 1.0, the input energy value is gradually reduced to about 0.66 in the coupling region, the File _2 curve corresponds to the energy value change in the right S-shaped waveguide, the energy is gradually increased to about 0.33 from 0 in the coupling region, and finally the two energy value curves are parallel. Fig. 3d is a schematic diagram of simulation results of the waveguide splitter model in fig. 2c, and the left side is a schematic diagram of changes in energy in the model, where the energy in the middle linear waveguide gradually decreases in the first coupling region and remains unchanged after being disengaged from the coupling region, and gradually decreases again in the second coupling region and remains unchanged after being disengaged from the second coupling region. The energy of the S-shaped waveguide on the right side is gradually increased in the first coupling area and is kept unchanged after being separated from the first coupling area, and the energy value of the S-shaped waveguide on the left side is gradually increased in the second coupling area and is kept unchanged after being separated from the second coupling area; the right side is a schematic diagram of an energy change curve of the model, a File _1 curve represents the change of the energy value of the middle linear waveguide, the input energy value is 1.0 and is reduced to about 0.66 through the first coupling region, and meanwhile, the energy value of the S-shaped waveguide on the right side represented by the File _2 curve is increased to 0.33 from 0 in the first coupling region. After the File _1 curve passes through the second coupling area, the energy value is reduced from about 0.66 to about 0.33, at the moment, the energy value of the S-shaped waveguide on the left side represented by File _3 passes through the second coupling area, is increased from about 0.33, and finally the three energy value curves are overlapped, so that the final splitting ratio is 1: 1, and the excellent coupling performance is realized. According to the simulation result of the model, the splitting ratio of the coupling area can be adjusted according to the length of the coupling area, and the waveguide optical splitter with any splitting ratio can be obtained.
To meet the scalability of larger output ratios, the splitter models are cascaded. According to the results obtained from the simulation, the splitter models are cascaded to the models shown in fig. 4b, 4c, and 4 d.
In fig. 4b, a linear waveguide is provided, one end of the linear waveguide is an input end, two waveguides are provided on two sides of the linear waveguide, S-shaped waveguides are provided on two sides of the linear waveguide close to the upper position, straight-line segments in the S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, two arc waveguides are provided on two sides of the linear waveguide below the linear waveguide, each of the two arc waveguides includes three straight-line segments and two arc segments, the three straight-line segments are connected with each other through an arc segment, the straight-line segment near the input end in each arc waveguide is coupled with the linear waveguide, the other straight-line segment serving as an output end is parallel to the linear waveguide, output ends of the arc waveguide, the S-shaped waveguide and the linear waveguide are all on the same straight line, and the arc waveguide, the S-shaped waveguide and the linear waveguide sequentially form four coupling regions.
In fig. 4c, a linear waveguide is arranged, one end of the linear waveguide is an input end, two waveguides are respectively arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide, the waveguides on two sides are arc waveguides and are symmetrically arranged, wherein the arc waveguides on two sides of the upper linear waveguide and the arc waveguides on two sides of the lower linear waveguide are identical in structure principle, only the transverse offset of the upper arc waveguide is small, all the arc waveguides and the output ends of the linear waveguide are on the same straight line, each straight line segment of the four arcs serving as the output end is parallel to the linear waveguide, the straight line segments of the upper two arc waveguides close to the input end and the linear waveguide jointly form a coupling area, and the straight line segments of the lower two arc waveguides close to the input end and the linear waveguide jointly form a coupling area.
In fig. 4d, a linear waveguide is provided, one end of the linear waveguide is an input end, and the difference from the model of the embodiment shown in fig. 4c is that two circular arc waveguides are provided only on one side of the linear waveguide in the model, and the rest of the structural principles are the same, and all the circular arc waveguides and the output end of the linear waveguide are on the same straight line, and the straight line segment of the two circular arc waveguides serving as the output end is parallel to the linear waveguide, and the linear waveguide forms two coupling regions with the upper and lower circular arc waveguides respectively.
By analogy, a plurality of coupling areas can be formed by the two sides of the linear waveguide and a plurality of other waveguides, the waveguide optical splitter prepared by the method can efficiently expand the optical splitting ratio and the optical splitting output quantity, and the product requirements of more quantity and more specifications can be met on the premise of the same or even smaller volume.
After the waveguide beam splitter model is determined by using the method, a corresponding waveguide beam splitter is prepared by adopting an ultraviolet photoetching method. The waveguide splitter can also be prepared by different processes according to requirements, and is designed according to the method, wherein the waveguide splitter comprises at least two waveguides and at least one coupling region.
The waveguide optical splitter prepared by the method can realize any splitting ratio, and has the main advantages that the waveguide optical splitter has less strict requirements on the length of the coupling region, the influence of the length error of the coupling region on the coupling result is much smaller than that of the prior art, the waveguide optical splitter has larger process tolerance, and compared with the prior art, the waveguide optical splitter has incomparable advantages. Moreover, the optical splitter is provided with the cascade expansibility, can split light in more cascaded coupling areas under the condition of not increasing the length of the waveguide optical splitter, greatly reduces the size of the optical splitter, and has the advantage of small size compared with the existing scheme in the background technology. The optical splitter can also be flexibly wired in combination with the volume size and functional partition of the optical waveguide plate.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (13)
1. A method for designing a light splitting optical waveguide based on energy directional coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps: the relative position and the coupling length of each part between the waveguides are controlled, so that the parts which are closer to each other in the waveguides form a coupling area, and the splitting ratio of the coupling area is adjusted by adjusting the coupling length.
2. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waveguide is prepared on the optical waveguide plate to form a waveguide splitter, the waveguides are positioned on the same plane, the waveguide splitter is provided with a coupling area, and each coupling area comprises two or more waveguides.
3. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the waveguide optical splitter comprises two waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is the input end of an input optical signal, optical splitting is realized after the optical signal passes through a coupling area, and the two coupled optical signals are respectively output from the output ends of the corresponding waveguides.
4. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the waveguide containing the input end is a linear waveguide, the other waveguide is an S-shaped waveguide, the S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight line sections and a bent section, the two straight line sections are connected through the bent section, the two straight line sections of the S-shaped waveguide are parallel to the linear waveguide, and one of the straight line sections close to the input end and the linear waveguide form a coupling area.
5. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the waveguide optical splitter comprises three waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is an input end, the other two waveguides are positioned on two sides of the waveguide, an optical signal is input into the input end and passes through a coupling area to realize light splitting, and three paths of coupled optical signals are respectively output from output ends of the corresponding waveguides.
6. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the waveguide that contains the input is sharp form waveguide, and two other waveguides are S-shaped waveguide, and S-shaped waveguide includes two straightway, a bending section, and two straightway pass through the bending section and connect, and two S-shaped waveguides set up respectively in the both sides of sharp form waveguide, and two respective straightways of two S-shaped waveguides are all parallel with sharp form waveguide, and the straightway that two S-shaped waveguides are close to the input all constitutes the coupling district with the same part of sharp form waveguide jointly.
7. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waveguide is prepared on the optical waveguide plate to form a waveguide splitter, the waveguides are positioned on the same plane, the waveguide splitter comprises a plurality of coupling regions, and each coupling region comprises two or more waveguides.
8. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the waveguide optical splitter comprises a plurality of waveguides, wherein the starting end of one waveguide is an input end, the rest waveguides respectively form corresponding coupling areas with different parts of the waveguide with the input end, an optical signal is input into the input end and passes through the coupling areas to realize optical splitting, and two or more optical signals coupled in each coupling area are respectively output from the output ends of the waveguides corresponding to the coupling areas.
9. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter is further provided with two S-shaped waveguides, each S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight-line segments and a bent segment, the two straight-line segments are connected through the bent segments, the two S-shaped waveguides are arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide, the two respective straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides, close to the input end, and different parts of the linear waveguide respectively form coupling areas.
10. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises two S-shaped waveguides and two circular arc waveguides, each S-shaped waveguide comprises two straight-line segments and a bent segment, the two straight-line segments are connected through the bent segments, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight-line segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight-line segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the two S-shaped waveguides and the two circular arc waveguides are arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide respectively, the straight-line segments of the two S-shaped waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, the straight-line segments serving as the output end in each circular arc waveguide are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the two S-shaped waveguides and the straight-line segments of the two circular arc waveguides close to the input end respectively form coupling areas with different parts of the linear waveguide.
11. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises four circular arc waveguides, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight-line segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight-line segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the four circular arc waveguides are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the linear waveguide respectively, the two symmetrical circular arc waveguides are a pair of circular arc waveguides, the straight-line segments serving as output ends in the four circular arc waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and each pair of straight-line segments, close to the input end, of each circular arc waveguide and corresponding parts of the linear waveguides jointly form a coupling area.
12. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the waveguide with the input end is a linear waveguide, the waveguide splitter further comprises two circular arc waveguides, each circular arc waveguide comprises three straight segments and two circular arc segments, the three straight segments are connected through the two circular arc segments, the two circular arc waveguides are arranged on the same side of the linear waveguide, the straight segments serving as the output ends in the two circular arc waveguides are parallel to the linear waveguide, and the straight segments of the two circular arc waveguides, close to the input end, and different parts of the linear waveguide respectively form coupling areas.
13. The method for designing the optical splitting waveguide based on the energy directional coupling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waveguide splitter is designed according to the method and comprises at least two waveguides and at least one coupling region.
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