CN113917591A - Random polarization conversion super surface and method for polarization conversion of random polarization light - Google Patents
Random polarization conversion super surface and method for polarization conversion of random polarization light Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The application relates to an arbitrary polarization conversion super-surface and a method for polarization conversion of arbitrary polarization light. The method comprises the following steps: the conversion of any polarized light is realized by adopting a mode of combining the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface. The first step is to design a depolarization super-surface, which is used for depolarizing the incident light with any polarization and converting the incident light into completely unpolarized light, i.e. natural light. And the second step is to design the super surface of the polaroid and convert the natural light generated in the first step into linearly polarized light in a fixed oscillation direction. The super-surface designed by the invention has the advantages of simple processing, lower cost and stable transmission efficiency, and can ensure that a certain fixed polarized light is generated under the condition of any polarized light incidence.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of super surface design, in particular to a super surface capable of realizing arbitrary polarization conversion and a method for carrying out polarization conversion on arbitrary polarized light.
Background
The control of polarization has great significance in the fields of communication, imaging, detection, quantum and the like, and the traditional polarization conversion mode generally needs to use various optical elements such as a half-wave plate, a quarter-wave plate, a polarizing plate and the like, so that the optical path is complex and the integration of the system is not facilitated. The polarization controller is an integrated polarization control device, and generally comprises rotatable cascaded half-wave plates, quarter-wave plates and other elements, and when the polarization state of incident light is determined, the wave plates are correspondingly rotated through electric adjustment to output required polarized light. However, the polarization controller needs to determine the polarization state of the input light in advance to respond accordingly, and has no real-time control capability. The problem of polarization maintenance of light during long-distance transmission is also an important research topic of polarization optics. For light propagating through common optical fibers and complex media environments, the polarization state may be disturbed due to birefringence effects or repeated reflection and diffraction of the material, resulting in inaccurate transmitted polarization. Polarization maintaining fibers can transmit light without changing their polarization state by using the amplified birefringence effect, but for some large systems or applications requiring long-distance polarized light transmission, longer polarization maintaining fibers are generally required, which results in higher cost.
The super-surface is a two-dimensional surface composed of artificially constructed periodic unit arrays, and can control light in a sub-wavelength scale. As the super surface has the characteristics of miniaturization and real-time response, domestic and foreign institutions carry out extensive research on the control super surface of any polarization, but the polarization conversion of incident light deflected at will in the prior art also has the problem of poor adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an arbitrary polarization conversion super-surface capable of converting light of an arbitrary polarization into light of a specific polarization and a method for polarization-converting light of an arbitrary polarization, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
An arbitrary polarization converting meta-surface, comprising: a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface; the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface are integrated on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
the depolarization super-surface is used for deflectively deflecting incident light with any polarization into completely unpolarized light;
the polaroid super-surface is used for converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction.
In one embodiment, the depolarizing super-surface is formed by etching a silicon dioxide layer in SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars etched on a substrate.
In one embodiment, the polarizer of the polarizer super-surface is composed of a periodic metal grating.
In one embodiment, the polarizer metasurface allows polarized light perpendicular to the grating to pass through, while preventing polarized light parallel to the grating from passing through.
In one embodiment, the incident light with any polarization is generated by linearly polarized light emitted by the polarized laser emitter after passing through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate.
A method of polarization converting light of an arbitrary polarization, the method comprising:
preparing a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface;
integrating the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
depolarizing incident light of any polarization into completely unpolarized light by the depolarizing metasurface;
and converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction through the super surface of the polaroid.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: by reaction on SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars are etched on a substrate to prepare a depolarized super-surface.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the polarizer metasurface is prepared from a periodic metal grating.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: before incident light with any polarization is deflective into completely unpolarized light through the depolarization super-surface, linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization laser emitter generates incident light with any polarization after passing through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: after the completely unpolarized light is converted into linearly polarized light in a fixed oscillation direction through the super surface of the polaroid, the linearly polarized light passes through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate to generate emergent light with any polarization.
The method for converting the arbitrary polarization into the super surface and converting the arbitrary polarization into the light realizes the conversion of the arbitrary polarization by adopting the mode of combining the depolarization super surface and the polaroid super surface. The first step is to design a depolarization super-surface, which is used for depolarizing the incident light with any polarization and converting the incident light into completely unpolarized light, i.e. natural light. And the second step is to design the super surface of the polaroid and convert the natural light generated in the first step into linearly polarized light in a fixed oscillation direction. The super-surface designed by the invention has the advantages of simple processing, lower cost and stable transmission efficiency, and can ensure that a certain fixed polarized light is generated under the condition of any polarized light incidence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary polarization conversion metasurface in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a depolarizing super-surface in an embodiment, wherein a is a schematic diagram of periodically arranged and randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars, and b is a schematic diagram of randomly rotated nano-pillar array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a polarizer in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental process for converting arbitrarily polarized light into linearly polarized light in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the variation of normalized power with respect to polarization angle in one embodiment;
fig. 6 is an electron microscope scanning image of a super-surface sample and a polarization state test result of converting any polarized light into linearly polarized light in a specific embodiment, where a is a depolarization super-surface electron microscope scanning image, b is a polarizer super-surface electron microscope scanning image, and c is a schematic diagram of a variation trend of normalized power of converting any polarized light into linearly polarized light along with a change of a polarization angle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
An arbitrary polarization converting super-surface, comprising: a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface; the depolarization super surface and the polaroid super surface are integrated on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
the depolarization super-surface is used for deflexing the incident light with any polarization into completely unpolarized light;
the polaroid super-surface is used for converting completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction.
In one embodiment, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary polarization conversion metasurface on SiO2A large number of periodically arranged and randomly rotated rectangular Si nano columns etched on a substrate are used for preparing a depolarization super-surface, a polaroid super-surface is prepared by a periodic aluminum grating and is respectively used for removing the polarization characteristic of incident light and polarizing again, and the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface are integrated on the front side and the back side of a quartz crystal, so that the integration of a polarization conversion structure can be realized. In order to depolarize any incident light into statistically unpolarized light, the depolarizing hypersurface is formed by applying a material on SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars etched on a substrate, as shown in fig. 2 (a). For an array of 200 × 200 cells, the rotation randomness thereof is represented by fig. 2(b), and it can be observed that the rotation angle distribution thereof is uniform, satisfying the random condition.
The principle of depolarization super-surface depolarization is that each cell of the depolarizer can be seen as a half-wave plate element by introducing a phase delay of pi between the fast and slow axes. For linearly polarized light with a polarization direction of α relative to the fast axis angle, the half-wave plate rotates its transmission polarization direction by an angle of 2 α, while for circularly polarized light it converts the incoming light into a polarization state with an opposite handedness, and the phase of the outgoing light is accompanied by a phase retardation associated with α, similar to the function of a Pancharatnam-berry (pb) phase hypersurface. Considering that any polarization can be decomposed into superposition of two orthogonal linear polarizations, incident light of any polarization can be converted into a mixed state of random polarization states by constructing randomly arranged silicon nano-columns. To further explain the principle of depolarization, the stokes vector is calculated according to the following equation:
wherein ExAnd EyThe electric field strength along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively, and δ is the phase difference between the two fields. I represents the total light intensity, Q and U are the direction and intensity of the linearly polarized component, and V is the intensity of the circularly polarized component. For linearly polarized light, the incident Stokes vector SinCan be expressed as
The output Stokes vector S of the light thus passing through the depolarizeroutCan be obtained by introducing a mueller matrix M having the form
Wherein, thetanIs the rotation angle of the nth nanopillar. Due to the randomness of the rotation angle, the output stokes vector can be calculated as a statistical average of the transmitted light of all cells. As a result, when the number N of array elements is sufficiently large, the stokes vector of the transmitted light becomes:
this formula indicates that the output light is completely unpolarized light, i.e., the depolarizer completely removes the polarization information.
In one embodiment, the polarizer of the polarizer super-surface is comprised of a periodic metal grating, as shown in FIG. 3. The polarizer metasurface allows light polarized perpendicular to the grating to pass through it, while preventing light polarized parallel to the grating from passing through it.
In one embodiment, the incident light with any polarization is generated by linearly polarized light emitted by the polarized laser emitter after passing through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate.
A method of polarization converting light of an arbitrary polarization, the method comprising:
preparing a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface;
integrating the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
depolarizing incident light of any polarization into completely unpolarized light by a depolarizing metasurface;
and converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction through the super surface of the polaroid.
The method for converting the arbitrary polarization into the super surface and converting the arbitrary polarization into the light realizes the conversion of the arbitrary polarization by adopting the mode of combining the depolarization super surface and the polaroid super surface. The first step is to design a depolarization super-surface, which is used for depolarizing the incident light with any polarization and converting the incident light into completely unpolarized light, i.e. natural light. And the second step is to design the super surface of the polaroid and convert the natural light generated in the first step into linearly polarized light in a fixed oscillation direction. The super-surface designed by the invention has the advantages of simple processing, lower cost and stable transmission efficiency, and can ensure that a certain fixed polarized light is generated under the condition of any polarized light incidence.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: by reaction on SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars are etched on a substrate to prepare a depolarized super-surface.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the polarizer metasurface is prepared from a periodic metal grating.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: after completely unpolarized light is converted into linearly polarized light in a fixed oscillation direction through the super surface of the polaroid, the linearly polarized light passes through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate to generate emergent light with any polarization.
After the incident light with any deflection is converted into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction, if other polarized light is needed, a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate can be placed at the emergent end, so that the generation of the polarized light with any deflection is realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of an experimental process for converting arbitrarily polarized light into linearly polarized light is shown. The polarized laser transmitter transmits linearly polarized light, and vertical polarized light is generated after polarization beam splitting. The half-wave plate or the quarter-wave plate can be used for converting linearly polarized light into any polarized light, such as linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light and circularly polarized light with different polarization directions. The converted light is focused by the lens and then irradiates the super surface designed by the invention, and the output light is stable vertical linear polarized light. And observing and recording the output light power of the photoelectric detector by rotating the half-wave plate or the quarter-wave plate, and judging the polarization characteristic of emergent light.
FIG. 5 is a transmission curve of linearly polarized light with different polarization directions generated by a half-wave plate after passing through a linear polarizer, and the transmission power is dependent on the polarization angle thetapPresentation of cos2θpTendency of variation of (a), thetapIs the polarization angle of the polarized light.
Fig. 6 is a super-surface sample electron microscope scanning image (fig. 6(a), 6(b)) processed using the principles of the present invention and the test results (6 (c)). First, using a commercial linear polarizer as a reference, the measured extinction ratio reached 350: 1. this polarizing plate was then replaced with the polarizing plate designed according to the present invention, and the measurement was performed in the same manner, and the extinction ratio was about 15: 1, with a large deviation from the design value. The reason why the designed polarizing plate has a low extinction ratio is mainly as follows: 1) processing error 2) the preparation area is smaller, and the focusing performance of the laser beam is not good, so that the main polarization component and the cross polarization component can be transmitted from the periphery of the sample, the whole power is increased, and the extinction performance is reduced. The test was performed using a commercial polarizer in combination with a depolarizing supersurface, with an extinction ratio of 350: 1 to about 5: 1, the depolarization super-surface effectively depolarizes the incident linearly polarized light, and the polarization degree is reduced. However, the center of the transmitted power fluctuation is about 0.2, which is a certain difference from the theoretical value of 0.5. This is because there is an error in the process size and the incomplete removal of the photoresist results in enhanced reflection and absorption, and reduced transmittance. The extinction ratio of the polarization converting super-surface is further reduced to about 1.7: 1, because the designed linear polarizer has low extinction ratio and poor blocking effect on horizontal linear polarized light, the power received by the power meter is larger than the combination of the depolarization super-surface and the commercial linear polarizer. In the vertical polarization direction, since the designed linear polarizer has lower transmittance than the commercial linear polarizer, the transmission power is reduced. The experimental result shows that most of the polarized light in any incident polarization direction is converted into the set linearly polarized light, and the correctness of the principle of the invention is proved.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An arbitrary polarization converting meta-surface, comprising: a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface; the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface are integrated on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
the depolarization super-surface is used for deflectively deflecting incident light with any polarization into completely unpolarized light;
the polaroid super-surface is used for converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction.
2. The super-surface of claim 1, wherein the depolarizing super-surface is formed by etching at SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars etched on a substrate.
3. The super-surface according to claim 1, wherein the polarizer of the polarizer super-surface is comprised of a periodic metal grating.
4. A meta-surface according to claim 3, wherein the polarizer meta-surface allows polarized light perpendicular to the grating to pass through, while preventing polarized light parallel to the grating from passing through.
5. A meta-surface according to claim 1, wherein the incident light of any polarization is linearly polarized light emitted by a polarized laser light emitter, generated after passing through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate.
6. A method of polarization converting light of an arbitrary polarization, the method comprising:
preparing a depolarization super-surface and a polaroid super-surface;
integrating the depolarization super-surface and the polaroid super-surface on the front side and the back side of the processing substrate;
depolarizing incident light of any polarization into completely unpolarized light by the depolarizing metasurface;
and converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light with a fixed oscillation direction through the super surface of the polaroid.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein preparing a depolarizing hypersurface comprises:
by reaction on SiO2A large number of periodically arranged but randomly rotated rectangular Si nano-pillars are etched on a substrate to prepare a depolarized super-surface.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein preparing the polarizer super-surface comprises:
the polarizer metasurface is prepared from a periodic metal grating.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising, prior to depolarizing incident light of an arbitrary polarization into substantially unpolarized light by the depolarizing hypersurface:
linearly polarized light emitted by the polarized laser emitter passes through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate to generate incident light with any polarization.
10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising, after converting the completely unpolarized light into linearly polarized light of a fixed oscillation direction by the polarizer super-surface:
and the linearly polarized light passes through a half-wave plate or a quarter-wave plate to generate emergent light with any polarization.
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