CN113917556A - Geophysical modeling method and device for underground complex structure - Google Patents
Geophysical modeling method and device for underground complex structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geophysical modeling method and a device for underground complex structures, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area; converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relationship between the velocity and the resistance; generating an initial velocity model for offset imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and a structural geological model of a research work area; and carrying out prestack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area. The method is based on the gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic combination and constraint inversion method to determine the shallow earth surface structure and the macroscopic structure model, and can provide a reasonable speed model for offset imaging, so that the seismic imaging precision is improved, and the exploration risk is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a geophysical modeling method and device for an underground complex structure.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
In complex burst-through structured belt imaging, two key challenges are often faced: firstly, large-scale push-covering movement causes large-area old strata to be exposed to the earth surface, high-speed old strata cause difficulty in down-transmission of seismic rays, and near-earth modeling difficulty is large; and secondly, the transformation effect of multi-stage complex structure movement forms a very complex underground structure form, and the modeling difficulty of deep strata is high. In summary, how to build an accurate velocity model is the key to accurately image complex fractured subsurface formations.
At present, in seismic data processing, velocity modeling is mainly carried out by means of first-arrival tomography inversion and velocity analysis, the first-arrival tomography inversion in a high-velocity stratum exposed area can invert earth surface structures of more than 500 meters, and the velocity analysis can only obtain information of less than 1500 meters due to lack of near-surface information. The comprehensive geologic modeling method for underground complex structural zone is mainly characterized by that according to the information of seismic profile, drilling information and earth surface exposed stratum, a geologic model is built by using regional structural knowledge and theory as guidance. However, due to the complexity of the earth surface and the underground stratum structure, the quality of seismic data is poor, the key stratum reflection and stratum contact relation on a seismic section is unclear, different geologic structure researchers or interpreters can explain according to own knowledge structure and mastered data, so that the explained result has very serious ambiguity and subjectivity, the structure model established by the explained result and the initial velocity model established by the explanation result are guided in the reverse direction, so that a great error is inevitable, and the larger the error of the initial velocity model is, the ideal imaging effect is usually difficult to obtain.
In areas with complex earth surfaces and complex underground structures, how to utilize more geological and geophysical data to form a more reasonable seismic data interpretation scheme is needed, so that a reasonable structural model is established to guide speed modeling so as to improve migration imaging quality, and the method is a problem to be solved urgently in complex structural imaging research.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a geophysical modeling method for a complex underground structure, which is used for solving the technical problems that an initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by a structural geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and a high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to a large error of the initial velocity model, and the method comprises the following steps: establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area; converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relationship between the velocity and the resistance; generating an initial velocity model for offset imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and a structural geological model of a research work area; and carrying out prestack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a geophysical modeling device for an underground complex structure, which is used for solving the technical problems that an initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by a structural geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and a high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to a large error of the initial velocity model, and the device comprises: the near-surface resistivity model establishing module is used for establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area; the near-surface velocity model generation module is used for converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relation between the velocity and the resistance; the prestack migration velocity model generation module is used for generating an initial velocity model for migration imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and a tectonic geological model of a research work area; and the pre-stack migration processing module is used for performing pre-stack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment for solving the technical problem that the initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by the structural geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and a high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to a large error of the initial velocity model.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium for solving the technical problem that the initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by the structure geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and the high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to the large error of the initial velocity model.
In the embodiment of the invention, the near-surface resistivity model of the research work area is established, the near-surface resistivity model is converted into the near-surface velocity model according to the relation between the velocity and the resistance, and the initial velocity model for migration imaging is generated according to the near-surface velocity model and the structural geological model of the research work area.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for geophysical modeling of a complex subsurface formation, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an implementation of an alternative method for geophysical modeling of subsurface complex formations provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a statistical plot of the resistivity of a carbonate formation versus acoustic waves provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a superposition analysis of resistivity and velocity joint probability distribution and measured data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of a shallow resistivity structure using AMT electro-inversion provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of a shallow structure inverted by seismic first-arrival tomography provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a velocity profile derived from conversion of a resistivity profile inverted by AMT electro-mechanical methods as provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of a construction explanation scheme based on a shingle punching model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram illustrating a construction scheme based on a slip-off impact model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of a density model body corresponding to an explanation scheme of a shingled punching model structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of a density model body corresponding to an explanation of a slip-break model configuration provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison result between a gravity forward model and measured gravity data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(a) is a schematic diagram of a resistivity model established based on a shingled impact model construction interpretation scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(b) is a schematic diagram of a resistivity model established based on a slip-break model construction interpretation scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11(a) is a schematic diagram of the resistivity-constrained inversion results based on the construction interpretation scheme of the shingled fracture model provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11(b) is a schematic diagram of the resistivity-constrained inversion results based on the slip-break model construction interpretation scheme provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12(a) is a schematic diagram of error distribution of a forward resistivity curve and an actually measured resistivity curve based on a construction and interpretation scheme of a shingle impact fracture model provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12(b) is a schematic diagram of error distribution of a forward resistivity curve and an actually measured resistivity curve based on a slip-off impact model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a tectonic geological model provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a velocity model for offset imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15(a) is a schematic representation of a seismic imaging section obtained using a prior art geophysical modeling method;
FIG. 15(b) is a schematic representation of a seismic imaging section obtained using the geophysical modeling method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a geophysical modeling apparatus for a complex subsurface structure, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a geophysical modeling method for a subsurface complex structure, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of the geophysical modeling method for the subsurface complex structure, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
and S101, establishing a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
In specific implementation, near-surface structure modeling can be performed by using geological outcrops, seismic first-arrival chromatography and shallow electrical method data (an audio frequency magnetotelluric method-AMT, a controllable source audio frequency magnetotelluric method-CSAMT, a ground penetrating radar and the like), and a relatively accurate shallow stratum structure is established.
In an embodiment, the S101 may detect the near-surface stratum structure of the research work area based on an audio magnetotelluric detection method, so as to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
In another embodiment, in S101, a near-surface stratum structure of the research work area may be inverted by using a seismic first-arrival tomography method, so as to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
And S102, converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relation between the velocity and the resistance.
In specific implementation, the geophysical modeling method for the underground complex structure provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for establishing a structural geological model of a research work area based on a structural interpretation model of shingled impact or slip impact.
Optionally, after the structural geologic model of the research work area is established, the established structural geologic model may be modified in any one of the following manners or a combination of the two manners:
the first mode is as follows: carrying out gravity forward modeling on the structural geological model to obtain a gravity forward modeling result of the research work area; comparing the gravity forward result with the actually measured gravity data of the research work area; and correcting the structural geological model according to the gravity comparison result.
The second mode is as follows: carrying out resistivity forward modeling on the structural geological model to obtain a resistivity forward modeling result of the research work area; comparing the resistivity forward result with the actually measured resistivity data of the research work area; and correcting the structural geological model according to the resistivity comparison result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rationality of the geological structure is verified by using a forward and backward modeling method of gravity and medium-deep electric exploration (a geoelectromagnetic method MT, a geoelectromagnetic continuous profile method CEMP, a time-frequency electromagnetic method TFEM, a wide-area electromagnetic method and the like), so that an unreasonable area can be corrected, and a more accurate integral geological structure model can be established.
In one embodiment, the method for geophysical modeling of subsurface complex formations provided in embodiments of the present invention may establish a velocity versus resistance relationship by: collecting speed and resistivity data of different stratums of a research work area; and establishing a relation between the speed and the resistance according to the acquired speed and resistivity data. In the embodiment of the invention, the physical relationship among speed, density, resistivity and the like is researched on the basis of the physical relationship of rocks, and the deep fusion application of three methods, namely an earthquake method, a gravity method and an electrical method is realized.
And S103, generating an initial velocity model for offset imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and the structural geological model of the research work area.
In specific implementation, the initial velocity model can be continuously corrected by using drilling data, logging data and VSP data as constraint conditions, and a reasonable initial velocity model is obtained through multiple iterations for offset imaging.
And S104, performing prestack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
In specific implementation, if a seismic migration imaging result in a time domain is to be obtained, pre-stack migration processing (i.e. pre-stack time migration processing) in the time domain can be performed on the corrected velocity model; if the seismic migration imaging result of the depth domain is to be obtained, the corrected velocity model can be subjected to depth domain prestack migration processing (namely prestack depth migration imaging processing).
Taking a basin as an example, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of an optional geophysical modeling method for a subsurface complex structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, specifically including:
collecting well data in a basin, wherein the well data comprises geological stratification, electric logging, density logging and acoustic logging data; collecting outcrop physical property data of the basin, wherein the outcrop physical property data comprises information such as different stratum occurrence states, resistivity and density of rocks and the like; collecting gravity data and electrical method data (MT) of corresponding measuring lines; geological structure pattern information of a research area and various seismic interpretation schemes researched by predecessors are collected.
And secondly, counting and analyzing the physical property relation of the lithology, resistivity, density and speed of each stratum, researching the physical property rule among the stratums, establishing a physical property conversion formula and setting a physical property conversion confidence interval.
Collecting shallow layer high-precision electrical method data (audio frequency magnetotelluric method-AMT, controllable source audio frequency magnetotelluric method-CSAMT, ground penetrating radar and the like) processing data, calibrating by using geological outcrop data in the step I, and establishing a near-surface resistivity model of 0-1500 meters.
Fourthly, the near-surface resistivity model in the third step is converted into a near-surface velocity model by utilizing the statistical relationship between the velocity and the resistance established in the fourth step.
According to the earthquake, well drilling, well logging, regional geology and earth surface outcrop data collected in the step one, the two-dimensional or three-dimensional section is subjected to section interpretation by utilizing the fault related fold and structure quantitative analysis theory, fracture and geological horizon is identified and depicted, and one or more structure interpretation schemes are formed according to possible conditions by referring to the regional geological structure mode and the previous explanation collected in the step one.
Establishing a corresponding density model body according to the collected density data of different stratums, performing forward modeling on a plurality of completed structure interpretation schemes, respectively comparing forward modeling results with actual measurement results, analyzing the fitting conditions of different structure schemes and the actual measurement data, and preferably selecting a structure interpretation scheme with a smaller error on the premise of conforming to the geological structure mode of the area;
and step seven, according to the collected density data of different stratums, synchronously carrying out the process with the step six, establishing corresponding resistivity model bodies according to various construction interpretation schemes completed by the step five, carrying out constraint inversion, and setting the resistivity change range of each stratum according to the confidence interval determined by the step two in the inversion process to obtain a resistivity inversion section model. And forward modeling is carried out on the inversion profile model to obtain a forward resistivity curve. And respectively comparing the forward resistivity curve with the actually measured resistivity curve, analyzing the fitting conditions of different construction schemes and actually measured data, and preferably selecting a construction interpretation scheme with smaller error on the premise of conforming to the geological structure mode of the region.
And eighthly, establishing a structural geological model based on the collected regional geological knowledge, outcrop data and well data according to analysis of the eighthly and the eighthly, and guiding to establish a speed model.
And ninthly, utilizing the shallow layer fine velocity model formed by the fourth step and the tectonic geological model formed by the third step for guiding to establish an initial velocity model for seismic migration imaging, and obtaining the velocity model for seismic migration imaging through multiple iterations.
The red is processed for prestack migration (e.g., prestack depth migration) using the ninthly obtained velocity model to obtain migration imaging results.
From the above, in the embodiment of the invention, the comprehensive geophysical modeling method for the underground complex structure is provided, and the deep structure form is determined through AMT high-precision shallow electrical method structure analysis and gravity and electrical method forward inversion, so that the seismic processing speed modeling is guided, the seismic imaging precision is improved, and a more reliable basis can be provided for later well location deployment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inversion result of the shallow high-precision electromagnetic method is creatively introduced into the seismic velocity modeling process, so that the shallow structure information is effectively supplemented, and a foundation can be laid for obtaining accurate and reliable seismic imaging effect; establishing a physical property conversion formula by deeply researching the physical property characteristics and the conversion relation among speed, density and resistivity, and verifying and benchmarking the physical property conversion formula according to the actually measured logging data and the laboratory physical property data; and meanwhile, the physical property change confidence interval is determined according to the two physical property intersection graphs and the distribution rule thereof, so that the physical property change range in the gravity forward modeling and electric inversion processes is reasonably determined, and the reliability of the inversion result is improved. In addition, the gravity-electric forward and backward modeling method is used for judging the construction and interpretation mode, and objective evidence is provided for speed model establishment and subsequent fine construction and interpretation.
The complicated impact zone of the foreland basin is an important field of oil-gas exploration in China, the basin is widely distributed in the Chinese and western China, the oil-gas resources are very rich, and the exploration potential is huge. The land forepart basin fracture zone makes accurate imaging of seismic exploration face a huge challenge due to the complex surface topography and the high and steep underground geological structure. In the following, the embodiment of the present invention is verified by taking the complex structure of Sichuan Xilongmen mountain in Sichuan basin in China as a research work area:
collecting information such as work area well data, outcrop stratum production, resistivity and density of rocks and the like; and collecting gravity data and electrical method data (MT) of corresponding measuring lines, and various seismic interpretation schemes researched by predecessors.
Secondly, aiming at the problems of large change of the lithology of the stratum and large difference of the physical property characteristics of the stratum in the region, counting different strata, and respectively establishing the corresponding relation between the speed and the resistivity of different strata as shown in the table 1, wherein the physical property characteristics of the carbonate stratum are relatively stable, and the log values of the speed and the resistivity have a relatively good positive correlation as shown in the figure 3; the range of variation and the confidence interval were also investigated and determined, as shown in FIG. 4.
And thirdly, shallow stratum structures can be effectively detected by shallow high-precision electromagnetic method (audio magnetotelluric AMT) data for assisting shallow seismic velocity modeling, the shallow structure characteristics explained by audio magnetotelluric detection processing are shown in fig. 5(a), and the shallow structure characteristics of seismic first arrival chromatographic inversion are shown in fig. 5 (b). As can be seen from fig. 5(a) and 5(b), the overall morphology of the two is consistent, and the AMT document can depict more abundant details.
TABLE 1 speed-resistivity fitting relationship for Longmen mountain construction zone in northwest Sichuan
| Formation of earth | Velocity fitting formula |
| J-K | VP＝2.83725+1.03658*log10(RT) |
| T3x | VP＝4.25047+0.527041*log10(RT) |
| T2l | VP＝5.56222+0.377911*log10(RT) |
| At T1J | VP＝5.22974+0.342859*log10(RT) |
| T1J or below | VP＝3.71016+1.22188*log10(RT) |
| T1f | VP＝3.87139+0.860638*log10(RT) |
| P2ch | VP＝5.79745+0.129821*log10(RT) |
| P2w | VP＝3.31879+0.758223*log10(RT) |
| P1m | VP＝5.23077+0.271336*log10(RT) |
| P1q | VP＝4.6957+0.551449*log10(RT) |
The near-surface resistivity model shown in fig. 5(a) is converted into the near-surface velocity model shown in fig. 6 using the statistical relationship between velocity and resistance established in table 1.
According to the previous research and the comprehensive analysis of the structural characteristics of the area, two structural explanation models of a shingle punching type and a slip punching type mainly exist, a structural explanation scheme based on the shingle punching model is shown in fig. 7(a), and a structural explanation scheme based on the slip punching model is shown in fig. 7 (b). By adopting different construction interpretation schemes, the established speed model has great influence on the imaging effect, so that the selection of a reasonable construction interpretation model is very important.
Establishing a density model body corresponding to the two construction interpretation schemes in the figure 7(a) and the figure 7(b) according to the collected density data of different stratums, wherein the figure 8(a) shows the density model body corresponding to the construction interpretation scheme of the shingled impact model; FIG. 8(b) shows a density model corresponding to the slip-break model construction interpretation. Using the two models of fig. 8(a) and 8(b) to perform gravity forward modeling, a gravity forward modeling result based on the shingle impulse model and a gravity forward modeling result based on the slip impulse model can be obtained, as shown in fig. 9, comparing the gravity forward modeling obtained by the shingle impulse model construction interpretation scheme and the slip impulse model construction interpretation scheme with the actually measured gravity data, and it can be seen that errors of the forward modeling result and the actually measured result are small in a place where the two models at the two ends of the measurement line are not much different; and at the position of the middle punching belt, the error between the forward result and the actual measurement result corresponding to the shingle punching model is larger, and the error between the forward result and the actual measurement result corresponding to the slippage punching model is smaller. Therefore, the structure explanation model of the slipping and breaking type is reasonable.
Creating density model bodies corresponding to two structure models of a stack-tile impact type and a slip impact type according to the collected resistivity data of different stratums and the physical property change interval of the stratum, wherein the density model bodies are a resistivity model built based on the stack-tile impact type as shown in a figure 10 (a); fig. 10(b) shows a resistivity model based on the slip-off impact model.
Performing constrained inversion by using the two models to obtain a constrained inversion resistivity profile, wherein a resistivity constrained inversion result based on the shingled fracture model is shown in fig. 11 (a); the resistivity-constrained inversion results based on the slip-break model are shown in fig. 11 (b). Forward calculation is carried out on the inversion profile, a forward resistivity curve is compared with a collected actually-measured resistivity curve, errors of the forward resistivity curve and the collected actually-measured resistivity curve at various frequencies are calculated, and error distribution graphs of a graph 12(a) and a graph 12(b) are formed, wherein the graph 12(a) is shown as error distribution of the forward resistivity curve and the actually-measured resistivity curve based on a shingle impact model; fig. 12(b) shows error distributions of the forward resistivity curve and the measured resistivity curve based on the slip-off impact model. As can be seen from fig. 12(a) and 12(b), in a place where the difference between the two models at the two ends of the survey line is not large, both models have lump-shaped negative errors in the shallow layer of the region around 10-12km and 18km, which indicates that the resistivity of the shallow layer high-resistivity body in the region is higher, and the resistivity of the region should be properly adjusted lower; the error caused by deep slip breaking is smaller than that of shingled breaking, so the slip breaking model is more reasonable according to the inversion result of the electrical method, but the shallow stratum structure and the resistivity are correspondingly adjusted.
According to analysis of the sixth step and the seventh step, based on collected regional geological knowledge, outcrop data and well data, a structural geological model shown in the figure 13 is established according to multilayer slippage structure research, and through multiple rounds of adjustment and verification work, errors between gravity abnormal data and resistivity curves obtained by forward modeling of a finally formed geological structure and actually measured data are minimized, so that the final geological structure model is used for guiding establishment of a speed model.
And ninthly, guiding initial velocity modeling by using the near-surface velocity model shown in the figure 6 and the tectonic geological model shown in the figure 13, and obtaining the velocity model for seismic migration imaging shown in the figure 14 through multiple iterations.
And performing prestack migration processing (namely prestack depth migration imaging processing) on the depth domain at the wavelength (R) by using the initial velocity model obtained at ninthly, so as to obtain a migration imaging result shown in fig. 15 (b).
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a geophysical modeling device for underground complex structures, which is described in the following embodiment. Because the principle of the device for solving the problems is similar to the geophysical modeling method of the underground complex structure, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the geophysical modeling method of the underground complex structure, and repeated parts are not repeated.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a geophysical modeling apparatus for a complex subsurface structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 16, the apparatus may include: a near-surface resistivity model building module 161, a near-surface velocity model generating module 162, a pre-stack migration velocity model generating module 163, and a pre-stack migration processing module 164.
The near-surface resistivity model building module 161 is configured to build a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area; the near-surface velocity model generation module 162 is used for converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relationship between the velocity and the resistance; the prestack migration velocity model generation module 163 is used for generating an initial velocity model for migration imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and the tectonic geological model of the research work area; and a prestack migration processing module 164, configured to perform prestack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
In specific implementation, the near-surface resistivity model building module 161 may be configured to detect a near-surface stratum structure of a research work area based on an audio magnetotelluric detection method, so as to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area; or inverting the near-surface stratum structure of the research work area by adopting an earthquake first-motion chromatography method to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
In one embodiment, the geophysical modeling apparatus for subsurface complex formations provided in embodiments of the present invention may further include: and the structural geological model building module 165 is used for building a structural geological model of the research work area based on a structural interpretation model of the shingle impact fracture or the slip impact fracture.
In one embodiment, the geophysical modeling apparatus for subsurface complex formations provided in embodiments of the present invention may further include: the gravity forward modeling module 166 is used for performing gravity forward modeling on the structural geological model to obtain a gravity forward modeling result of the research work area; the tectonic geological model building module 165 is further configured to compare the gravity forward result with the measured gravity data of the research work area, and correct the tectonic geological model according to the gravity comparison result.
In one embodiment, the geophysical modeling apparatus for subsurface complex formations provided in embodiments of the present invention may further include: the resistivity forward modeling module 167 is configured to perform resistivity forward modeling on the tectonic geological model to obtain a resistivity forward modeling result of the research work area; the tectonic geological model building module 165 is further configured to compare the resistivity forward result with the measured resistivity data of the research work area, and correct the tectonic geological model according to the resistivity comparison result.
In one embodiment, the geophysical modeling apparatus for subsurface complex formations provided in embodiments of the present invention may further include: and the physical property conversion relation determining module 168 is used for acquiring speed and resistivity data of different stratums of the research work area and establishing a relation between the speed and the resistance according to the acquired speed and resistivity data.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer device, which is used for solving the technical problem that the initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by the structural geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and a high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to a large error of the initial velocity model.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which is used for solving the technical problem that the initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by the structure geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, and the high-quality migration imaging result is difficult to obtain due to the large error of the initial velocity model.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, a computer device, and a computer readable storage medium for geophysical modeling of a complex subsurface structure, by establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area, further, according to the relationship between the speed and the resistance, the near-surface resistivity model is converted into a near-surface speed model, and generating an initial velocity model for offset imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and the structural geological model of the research work area, compared with the technical scheme that an initial velocity model for migration imaging is established by using a structural geological model obtained by artificial seismic interpretation in the prior art, the method adopts a gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic combination and constraint inversion method to determine the shallow earth surface structure and the macroscopic structural model, and can provide a reasonable velocity model for migration imaging, so that the seismic imaging precision is improved, and the exploration risk is reduced.
By the embodiment of the invention, the following technical effects can be realized but not limited: the technology of combining geological outcrop, shallow high-precision electromagnetic exploration and seismic chromatography is adopted, so that the fineness of shallow earth surface structure modeling is effectively improved, and the improvement of the shallow effect is beneficial to the improvement of the whole section imaging quality in depth migration; optimizing an interpretation scheme and a construction model by using a gravity forward modeling and electric forward inversion method, and introducing gravity and resistivity information under the conditions of poor seismic data quality and multiple geological knowledge, thereby effectively improving the knowledge of the underground integral construction model and laying a foundation for accurate velocity modeling of seismic imaging; and thirdly, the fine inspection modeling result and the reasonable underground speed model are fused to be used as a pre-stack migration initial speed model, so that the accuracy of the imaging result is ensured.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method of geophysical modeling of a complex subterranean formation, comprising:
establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area;
converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relationship between the velocity and the resistance;
generating an initial velocity model for offset imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and the structural geological model of the research work area;
and carrying out prestack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and establishing a structural geological model of the research work area based on a structural interpretation model of the laminated tile punching or the slip punching.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
performing gravity forward modeling on the tectonic geological model to obtain a gravity forward modeling result of the research work area;
comparing the gravity forward result with the actually measured gravity data of the research work area;
and correcting the constructed geological model according to the gravity comparison result.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
carrying out resistivity forward modeling on the tectonic geological model to obtain a resistivity forward modeling result of the research work area;
comparing the resistivity forward result with the actually measured resistivity data of the research work area;
and correcting the tectonic geological model according to the resistivity comparison result.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
acquiring speed and resistivity data of different stratums of the research work area;
and establishing a relation between the speed and the resistance according to the acquired speed and resistivity data.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling near-surface resistivity of the work area of interest comprises:
detecting the near-surface stratum structure of the research work area based on an audio magnetotelluric detection method to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area; or
And inverting the near-surface stratum structure of the research work area by adopting a seismic first-arrival chromatography to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
7. A geophysical modeling apparatus for complex subsurface formations, comprising:
the near-surface resistivity model establishing module is used for establishing a near-surface resistivity model of a research work area;
the near-surface velocity model generation module is used for converting the near-surface resistivity model into a near-surface velocity model according to the relation between the velocity and the resistance;
the prestack migration velocity model generation module is used for generating an initial velocity model for migration imaging according to the near-surface velocity model and the tectonic geological model of the research work area;
and the pre-stack migration processing module is used for performing pre-stack depth migration processing on the initial velocity model to obtain a migration imaging result of the research work area.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
and the construction geological model building module is used for building a construction geological model of the research work area based on a construction interpretation model of the laminated tile impact fracture or the slip impact fracture.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the gravity forward modeling module is used for performing gravity forward modeling on the tectonic geological model to obtain a gravity forward modeling result of the research work area;
the constructed geological model establishing module is also used for comparing the gravity forward result with the actually measured gravity data of the research work area and correcting the constructed geological model according to the gravity comparison result.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the resistivity forward modeling module is used for performing resistivity forward modeling on the tectonic geological model to obtain a resistivity forward modeling result of the research work area;
the tectonic geological model building module is further used for comparing the resistivity forward result with the actually measured resistivity data of the research work area and correcting the tectonic geological model according to the resistivity comparison result.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
and the physical property conversion relation determining module is used for acquiring speed and resistivity data of different stratums of the research work area and establishing a relation between the speed and the resistance according to the acquired speed and resistivity data.
12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the near-surface resistivity model building module is further configured to detect a near-surface formation structure of the research work area based on an audio magnetotelluric detection method to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area; or inverting the near-surface stratum structure of the research work area by adopting a seismic first-arrival chromatography to obtain a near-surface resistivity model of the research work area.
13. A computer apparatus comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method of geophysical modeling of a subsurface complex formation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
14. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method for geophysical modeling of a subsurface complex formation recited in any one of claims 1 through 6.
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